Method for purifying liquid hydrocarbon motor fuels from sulfur and for further reducing the sulfur dioxide content in exhaust gases up to zero during combustion of the fuels

Abstract

The invention relates to the oil-refining industry, in particular, to methods for purifying a fuel from sulfur-containing compounds, by separating the sulfur-containing modified molecules from the remainder of the fuel molecules on polymer membranes and by activating the fuel purified in the fully-developed cavitation mode prior to the combustion. The reduction of the sulfur content in the fuel is achieved by treating the fuel or a fuel fraction in the fully-developed cavitation mode with addition of a hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution and/or a strong aqueous solution of iron oxides, followed by separating the obtained emulsion into a fuel fraction and a water-paraffin emulsion, followed by separating the fuel fraction on the membranes under the temperature of from 90° C. to 180° C. under atmospheric pressure into a fuel fraction having low sulfur combustion of the purified fuels down to zero by means of activation of the fuels having the low sulfur content.

Claims

1. A method for purifying liquid hydrocarbon motor fuels by reduction of a sulfur content and for further reducing a sulfur dioxide content in exhaust gases down to zero during combustion of the fuels by means of chemical transformation of sulfur-containing molecules of the fuels in a fully-developed cavitation mode, physical separation of modified sulfur-containing molecules from the remainder of the molecules on membranes followed by activation of the fuels in the fully-developed cavitation mode prior to the combustion, characterized in that the reduction of the sulfur content in the fuel comprises the steps of: treating the fuel or fuel fraction in the fully-developed cavitation mode with addition, to the fuel, of a hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution in the amount of 1-10 ml of the hydrogen peroxide per 1 liter of the fuel and/or an aqueous solution of iron oxides in the amount of 0.5%-20% of the fuel volume, followed by; separating an obtained emulsion into a fuel fraction and a water-paraffin emulsion, and followed by; separating the fuel fraction on the membranes under a temperature of from 90° C. to 180° C. under the atmospheric pressure into a fuel fraction having a low sulfur content of up to 20 ppm and into a fuel fraction having an increased sulfur content, including reduction of the sulfur dioxide content down to zero in the exhaust gases by means of activation prior to the combustion of the fuel fraction having the low sulfur content in the fully-developed cavitation mode without addition of other chemical substances, production of a reduced oil-water emulsion from the water-paraffin emulsion and the fuel fraction having the increased sulfur content for combustion in boiler units.

2. The method of claim 1, characterized in that wastes, which must be disinfected or stacked, are not formed during the method of purifying the fuels.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(1) The stated problem is solved by the method for purifying liquid hydrocarbon motor fuels from sulfur and for further reducing the sulfur dioxide content in exhaust gases up to zero during combustion of the fuels by modifying the sulfur-containing fuel molecules in a fully-developed cavitation mode, by separating the sulfur-containing modified molecules from the remainder of the fuel molecules on the polymer membranes and by activating the fuel purified up to 20 ppm in the fully-developed cavitation mode prior to the combustion. What is novel is that the reduction of the sulfur content in the fuel is achieved by means of treating the fuel or a fuel fraction in the fully-developed cavitation mode with addition of a hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution and/or a strong aqueous solution of iron oxides to the fuels, followed by separating the obtained emulsion into a fuel fraction and a water-paraffin emulsion, followed by separating the fuel fraction on the membranes under the temperature of from 90° C. to 180° C. under the atmospheric pressure into a fuel fraction having a low sulfur content and a fuel fraction having an increased sulfur content. Reduction of the sulfur dioxide in the exhaust gases during combustion of the purified fuels up to zero by means of activation of the fuels having the low sulfur content in the fully-developed cavitation mode is performed without addition of other chemical substances. Production of a reduced oil-water emulsion from the water-paraffin emulsion and the fuel fraction having the increased sulfur content that increases the efficiency of reduced oils combustion is performed in boiler units. Reduction of the sulfur content in the fuel or fuel fractions is performed up to the required level of 20 ppm or less. Treatment of the initial fuel or fuel fraction by the cavitation is performed under the pressure of 1.0-5.0 atm and the temperature of 20° C.-70° C.

(2) A method for purifying liquid hydrocarbon motor fuels from sulfur and for further reducing the sulfur dioxide content in exhaust gases up to zero is performed as follows. Reduction of the sulfur content in liquid hydrocarbon fuels or fuel fractions, including petrol, kerosene, diesel fuel, up to the required level of 20 ppm or less is achieved by means of treating the initial fuel or fuel fraction my mechanical, ultrasound or electrospark cavitation under the pressure of 1.0-5.0 atm and the temperature of 20° C.-70° C. with addition, to the fuel or fuel fraction, of 1-10 ml of 3%-50% hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution and/or a strong aqueous solution of iron oxides having an own formula in the total amount of 0.5%-20% by the fuel volume, while the ratio between the hydrogen peroxide and iron oxides solutions is from 1:2 to 1:10, followed by separating the obtained emulsion into the fuel fraction and the water-paraffin emulsion, followed by separating the fuel fraction on the membranes, which are used for extracting the fuel fractions from a raw oil, under the temperature of up to 90° C. for purifying petrol, up to 120° C. for purifying kerosene and up to 180° C. for purifying diesel fuel under the atmospheric pressure, into the fuel fraction having a low sulfur content with the fraction yield of up to 95% by the volume of the incoming fuel, and into the fuel fraction having an increased sulfur content (the remainder). The obtained water-paraffin emulsion and the fuel fraction having the increased sulfur content is used for producing the reduced oil-water emulsion for increasing the efficiency of combustion of the reduced oils in boiler units and for reducing emissions of harmful and greenhouse gases. The obtained fuel fraction having the sulfur content of 20 ppm or less is treated by the mechanical cavitation without addition of other substances that allows reduction of the sulfur level in the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engines and boiler units up to zero in case an activated fuel is used during five days after treatment.

(3) Reduction of the sulfur content in the motor fuels, including petrol, kerosene, diesel fuel, is achieved by means of: partial targeted oxidation of the sulfur-containing compounds, which are comprised in the fuels, by the hydrogen peroxide, bonding of the sulfur with the iron, destroying the sulfur compounds with the hydrocarbon molecules, which are permeable for membranes being used, and formation of the sulfur compounds in the fuel, which do not penetrate through the membranes in the process of the cavitation treatment of the mixture; partial bonding of the sulfur with the iron in the process of the cavitation treatment of the mixture; destroying the sulfur compounds with the hydrocarbon molecules, which are permeable for the membranes being used, and formation of the sulfur compounds, which do not penetrate through the membranes, during the cavitation treatment with addition of the hydrogen peroxide and iron oxides in the fuel; conversion of the sulfur-containing hydrocarbon compounds into the sulfur compounds with oxygen and/or with iron in the process of the cavitation treatment of the mixture without addition of chemical substances; reduction of the sulfur content in the exhaust gases up to zero due to the treatment of the preliminary purified fuel by the mechanical cavitation and consuming the fuel during 14 days after the fuel treatment.

(4) The claimed method reduced the sulfur content in liquid hydrocarbon fuels or fuel fractions, including petrol, kerosene, diesel fuel, up to the required level of 20 ppm or less, and reduced the sulfur dioxide content in the exhaust gases up to zero under the condition of consuming the fuel during five days after fuel activation. The reduced oil-water emulsion for increasing the efficiency of reduced oils combustion in the boiler units is produced from the wastes formed in the treatment process.