Diaphragm for use in audio transducer and method of manufacturing diaphragm

Abstract

A diaphragm for an audio transducer includes a first outer surface, a second outer surface opposing the first outer surface and a support structure. A skin defines at least one of the first and second outer surfaces of the diaphragm. The support structure is disposed on or within the skin.

Claims

1. A method of manufacturing a diaphragm for an audio transducer, the method comprising: forming a skin shaped so as to define a front outer surface or a rear outer surface of the diaphragm; forming a support structure; disposing the support structure on or within the skin; placing a first expandable material in a first mold and expanding the first expandable material within the first mold to form the support structure; and placing the support structure and a second expandable material in a second mold and expanding the second expandable material within the second mold to form the skin with the support structure disposed within the skin, wherein the first expandable material and the second expandable material are a same material, and wherein a ratio of a mass of expandable material placed within the first mold to a volume of space within the first mold is greater than a ratio of a mass of expandable material placed within the second mold to a volume of space within the second mold.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising forming the support structure and subsequently forming the skin around the support structure, such that the support structure is disposed within the skin.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the skin is molded over the support structure.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the support structure comprises a honeycomb structure, the method further comprising: forming a first diaphragm component and a second diaphragm component; and joining the first diaphragm component to the second diaphragm component so as to manufacture the diaphragm.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the skin is a first skin, wherein the first diaphragm component comprises at least a portion of the honeycomb structure formed integrally with the first skin, wherein the second diaphragm component comprises a second skin, and wherein the method further comprises joining the second diaphragm component to the first diaphragm component so as to dispose the honeycomb structure between the first skin and the second skin.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the first diaphragm component comprises the entire honeycomb structure formed integrally with the first skin, and wherein, during said joining the first diaphragm component to the second diaphragm component, the second skin is joined to the honeycomb structure.

7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the first diaphragm component comprises a first portion of the honeycomb structure formed integrally with the first skin, and wherein the second diaphragm component comprises a second portion of the honeycomb structure formed integrally with the second skin, and wherein, during said joining the first diaphragm component to the second diaphragm component, the first portion of the honeycomb structure is joined to the second portion of the diaphragm structure.

8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the first diaphragm component and the second diaphragm component are joined by hot plate welding, ultrasonic welding or vibrational welding.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Non-limiting embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a diaphragm in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention;

(3) FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the diaphragm of FIG. 1, wherein a portion of the skin is cut away to show the frame;

(4) FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a frame of the diaphragm of FIG. 1;

(5) FIG. 4A is a front perspective view of a diaphragm in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention;

(6) FIG. 4B is a rear perspective view of the diaphragm of FIG. 4A;

(7) FIG. 5A is a sectioned front perspective view of the diaphragm of FIG. 4A, wherein a section of the diaphragm is cut away;

(8) FIG. 5B is a sectioned rear perspective view of the diaphragm of FIG. 4A, wherein a section of the diaphragm is cut away;

(9) FIG. 6 is a rear perspective view of a diaphragm in accordance with a third embodiment of the present invention;

(10) FIG. 7 is a front perspective view of a diaphragm in accordance with a fourth embodiment of the present invention, wherein a second skin of the diaphragm is removed to show the honeycomb structure of the diaphragm;

(11) FIG. 8A is a sectioned view of a portion of a diaphragm in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention;

(12) FIG. 8B is a sectioned view of a portion of the diaphragm of FIG. 8A showing two diaphragm components;

(13) FIGS. 9A to 9D are schematic diagrams illustrating a hot plate welding method for forming a diaphragm in accordance with the present invention; and

(14) FIGS. 10A and 10B are schematic diagrams illustrating an ultrasonic welding method for forming a diaphragm in accordance with the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(15) With reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, there is shown a diaphragm 1 in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention. The diaphragm 1 is suitable for use in an audio transducer, for example a loudspeaker. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a surround 2 may be joined to an outer circumference of the diaphragm 1, the surround 2 providing a connection between the diaphragm 1 and an enclosure of an audio transducer (not shown).

(16) The diaphragm 1 comprises a front outer surface 4 and a rear outer surface 6 opposing the front outer surface 4. In use, the front outer surface 4 is arranged to face in a forward direction towards the front of the audio transducer, whilst the rear outer surface 6 faces in an opposing direction towards the rear of the audio transducer. The terms “front” and “rear” as used in the present specification are to be interpreted accordingly.

(17) As shown most clearly in FIG. 2, the diaphragm 1 comprises a skin 8, which skin 8 defines the front outer surface 4 and the rear outer surface 6 of the diaphragm 1. A frame 10 is disposed within the skin 8 between the front outer surface 4 and the rear outer surface 6. In the illustrated embodiment, the skin 8 is formed around the frame 10 such that the frame 10 is wholly embedded within the skin 8.

(18) In the illustrated embodiment, the frame 10 has the shape of a truncated cone and thus defines a substantially conical shape of the diaphragm 1, wherein the front outer surface 4 of the diaphragm 1 has the form of an inverted cone. It will be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, the frame may have any alternative shape so as to provide the diaphragm with a desired geometry. The frame may symmetrical or asymmetrical in shape.

(19) The frame 10 has a higher density than the skin 8 and thus acts as a support structure, providing additional rigidity to the skin 8 and increasing the stiffness of the diaphragm 1. Accordingly, the skin 8 may be formed of a relatively low density material, which permits the overall mass of the diaphragm 1 to be minimised, whilst maintaining the required stiffness to optimise the performance of the diaphragm 1 within an audio transducer.

(20) In order to minimise the mass of the frame 10, and thus to minimise the overall mass of the diaphragm 1, the frame 10 comprises a plurality of apertures 12 formed between an outer rim 14 and an inner rim 16 of the frame 10, as shown most clearly in FIG. 3. The outer rim 14 defines an outer circumference 15 of the frame and the inner rim 16 defines an inner opening 17 of the frame, which in turn define an outer circumference and an inner opening of the diaphragm 1, the inner opening being circular in shape in this embodiment. Accordingly, the frame 10 provides a support structure across substantially the entire area of the skin 8.

(21) The diaphragm 1 may be formed by any appropriate method known to a person skilled in the art. In particular, the diaphragm 1 may be formed using an over-molding process, wherein the relatively low density skin 8 is molded over the preformed, relatively high density frame 10, such that the skin 8 defines the outer surfaces of the diaphragm 1.

(22) In some embodiments, the frame 10 may be made of a first material and the skin 8 made of a second material, different to the first material, the first material having a higher density than the second material. Accordingly, the frame 10 has a higher density than the skin 8 due to the difference in the relative densities of the first and second materials.

(23) However, in preferred embodiments of the present invention, the frame 10 and skin 8 are formed of the same material, for example polypropylene or polystyrene, using an expansion molding process. In an expansion molding process, small particles of the material (for example chips or beads) are placed within a mold and expanded (for example by application of heat and pressure and/or by adding an expansion agent), such that small particles expand and fuse together to create a solid cellular structure, the material filling the space within the mold. The density of the component formed by the process will depend upon the mass to volume ratio: the ratio of the mass of expandable material placed within the mold to the volume of space within the mold during the expansion process. The lower the mass to volume ratio, the greater the extent to which the material is able to expand, and thus the lower the density of the expanded material. Accordingly, the frame and skin of the diaphragm can be formed of the same material by expansion molding the frame using a higher mass to volume ratio than is used for the skin.

(24) With reference to FIGS. 4A to 5B there is shown a diaphragm 100 in accordance with a second embodiment of the present invention. The diaphragm 100 is suitable for use in an audio transducer, for example a loudspeaker. As shown in FIGS. 4A to 5B, a surround 102 may be joined to an outer circumference of the diaphragm 100, the surround 102 providing a connection between the diaphragm 100 and an enclosure of an audio transducer (not shown).

(25) The diaphragm 100 comprises a front outer surface 104 and a rear outer surface 106 opposing the front outer surface 104. In use, the front outer surface 104 is arranged to face in a forward direction towards the front of the audio transducer, whilst the rear outer surface 106 faces in an opposing direction towards the rear of the audio transducer.

(26) The diaphragm 100 comprises a skin 108, which skin 108 has a front surface defining the front outer surface 104 of the diaphragm 100. A honeycomb structure 110 is disposed on a rear surface of the skin 108. The honeycomb structure 110 comprises a structured array of walls 110a extending substantially perpendicularly to the rear surface of the skin 108, the walls 110a defining an array of substantially uniform hollow cells 110b having a predefined geometry. The ends of the walls 110a of the honeycomb structure 110 collectively define the rear outer surface of the diaphragm 100. In alternative embodiments, the honeycomb structure 110 may be disposed on a front surface of the skin 108, such that the honeycomb structure 110 defines the front outer surface 104 of the diaphragm.

(27) In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 4A to 5B, the hollow cells 110b have a hexagonal geometry, however it will be appreciated that alternative embodiments of the present invention may comprise a honeycomb structure having any other appropriate geometry. For example, FIG. 6 shows a third embodiment of the present invention, corresponding substantially to the second embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 4A to 5B, wherein the hollow cells 110b have a circular geometry.

(28) In the second and third embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 4A to 6, the honeycomb structure 110 is formed integrally with the skin 108. In alternative embodiments, the skin 108 and the honeycomb structure 110 may be formed as separate components which are subsequently bonded together.

(29) The honeycomb structure 110 acts as a support structure, providing additional rigidity to the skin 108 by virtue of the inherent rigidity of the honeycomb structure 110, thus increasing the overall stiffness of the diaphragm 100. Since a large proportion of the honeycomb structure 110 consists of hollow cells 110b, the mass of the diaphragm 100 is significantly lower than that of a diaphragm having an equivalent stiffness formed of a solid mass of material.

(30) A fourth embodiment of a diaphragm 100′ in accordance with the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 7. The diaphragm 100′ corresponds substantially to the diaphragm 100 of FIGS. 4A to 5B and corresponding features are referenced with like numerals. In the embodiment of FIG. 7, the skin 108 is a first skin, the diaphragm 100′ further comprising a second skin 112. The honeycomb structure 110 is formed integrally with the first skin 108 such that the walls 110a of the honeycomb structure 110 extend from a rear surface of the first skin 108. The second skin 112 is joined to the honeycomb structure 110 at the distal end of the walls 110a, so as to enclose the honeycomb structure 110 between the first skin 108 and the second skin 112. The second skin 112 thus defines the rear outer surface 106 of the diaphragm 100′.

(31) The diaphragm 100′ of FIG. 7 thus includes only two components: a first component including the first skin 108 and honeycomb structure 110, and a second component including the second skin 112. The two components may be joined together by any appropriate method. For example, the two components may be joined together using a snap joint. In preferred embodiments, the two components may be bonded or welded together and most preferably the two components are welded together using hot plate welding, ultrasonic welding or vibrational welding (described in further detail below). The individual components may be formed by molding, preferably expansion molding, or alternatively may be formed by other suitable manufacturing processes such as machining, 3D printing, thermal forming or casting.

(32) FIGS. 8A and 8B show a small section of a diaphragm 200 in accordance with a fifth embodiment of the present invention. The structure of the diaphragm 200 corresponds substantially to the structure of the diaphragm 100′ illustrated in FIG. 7, wherein a honeycomb structure 210 is disposed between a first skin 208 and a second skin 212, which define a front outer surface 204 and a rear outer surface 206 of the diaphragm 200, respectively. The honeycomb structure 210 comprises a structured array of walls 210a extending substantially perpendicularly to the rear surface of the skin 208, the walls 210a defining an array of substantially uniform hollow cells 210b having a predefined hexagonal geometry.

(33) The diaphragm 200 is made of two components 200a, 200b. A first diaphragm component 200a is made of the first skin 208 and a first portion 220a of the honeycomb structure 210. A second diaphragm component 200b is made of of the second skin 212 and a second portion 220b of the honeycomb structure 210. Each of the individual diaphragm components 200a, 200b is formed integrally, the two separate components 200a, 200b being subsequently joined together to form the complete diaphragm 200. The individual diaphragm components 200a, 200b may be formed by molding, preferably expansion molding, or alternatively may be formed by other suitable manufacturing processes such as machining, 3D printing, thermal forming or casting.

(34) The two diaphragm components 200a, 200b may be joined by any appropriate means, and are preferably joined using an adhesive-free attachment, most preferably by welding. FIGS. 9A to 9D illustrate a preferred hot plate welding method for joining the two diaphragm components 200a, 200b. As shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, the two diaphragm components 200a, 200b are brought into close proximity to a heated plate 214, wherein the heated plate 214 is located between the exposed surfaces of the first and second portions 220a, 220b of the honeycomb structure 210. The heated plate 214 transfers heat to the exposed surfaces of the first and second portions 220a, 220b of the honeycomb structure 210, so as to bring said exposed surface to a temperature above the melting point of the material from which the diaphragm components 200a, 200b are formed (FIG. 9B). Once the desired temperature has been reached, the heated plate 214 is removed and the two diaphragm components 200a, 200b are brought together to make contact between the melted surfaces of the honeycomb structure 210 (FIG. 9C). As the melted material cools and solidifies, the respective surfaces of the first and second portions 220a, 220b of the honeycomb structure 210 are fused together so as to join the two diaphragm components 200a, 200b. The layer of fused, solidified material joining the respective surfaces of the honeycomb structure 210 forms a joint 216, at which joint 216 the material has a greater density than the rest of the diaphragm. Accordingly, the joint 216 contributes additional stiffness to the diaphragm 200, thus improving the performance of the diaphragm without adding significant mass.

(35) Use of the hot plate 214 enables a controlled and even distribution of heat to the respective surfaces of the honeycomb structure 210. The temperature of the hot plate 214 and the duration of heating can be carefully controlled according to the size of the diaphragm and the material from which it is formed, so as to provide a joint 216 of appropriate strength and rigidity. However, it will be appreciated that direct heat welding using hot air may alternatively be used, provided that a controlled and even distribution of heat to the respective surfaces of the honeycomb structure can be achieved.

(36) FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate a further preferred method for joining the two diaphragm components 200a, 200b, using ultrasonic welding. In the illustrated embodiment, the first diaphragm component 200a is held securely so as to remain static during the welding process. The second diaphragm component 200b is positioned such that the respective exposed surfaces of the two portions 220a, 220b of the honeycomb structure 210 are brought into contact, with the hollow cells 210b being appropriately aligned. The second diaphragm component 200b is held with some pressure against the first diaphragm component 200a and is moved reciprocally at ultrasonic frequencies in a direction parallel to the plane of the respective abutting surfaces of the first and second portions 220a, 220b of the honeycomb structure 210. This rapid movement generates sufficient friction between the abutting surfaces of the first and second portions 220a, 220b of the honeycomb structure 210 so as to heat the material above its melting point, thus melting the abutting surfaces.

(37) Once ultrasonic movement of second diaphragm component is ceased, the melted material cools and solidifies, permitting the respective surfaces of the honeycomb structure 210 to fuse together so as to join the two diaphragm components 200a, 200b in the same manner as described above in respect of the hot plate welding method. The layer of fused, solidified material joining the respective surfaces of the honeycomb structure 210 forms a joint 216, at which joint 216 the material has a greater density than the rest of the diaphragm. Accordingly, the joint 216 contributes additional stiffness to the diaphragm 200, thus improving the performance of the diaphragm without adding significant mass.

(38) It will be appreciated that in alternative embodiments, the second diaphragm component 200b may be held static and the first diaphragm component 200a may be brought into abutment and subjected to rapid movement at ultrasonic frequencies in order to weld the two diaphragm components 200a, 200b together.

(39) Since the ultrasonic welding process relies on friction between the diaphragm components 200a, 200b, the effectiveness of the process is dependent on the size and shape of the individual components and the material from which the components are formed. Where the diaphragm components are formed of an expanded foam material (such as expanded polypropylene or expanded polyethylene), the foam material has inherent damping properties which may absorb some of the ultrasonic energy. Thus, the effectiveness of the ultrasonic welding process may be limited in some applications.

(40) To overcome these difficulties, the diaphragm components 200a, 200b may alternatively be joined together using a vibrational welding process, which corresponds substantially to the ultrasonic welding process described above with reference to FIGS. 10A and 10B. The vibrational welding process differs from the ultrasonic welding process in that the dynamic component is moved through a higher reciprocating amplitude and at a lower frequency. That is to say, in each reciprocal movement, the dynamic component is displaced by a greater distance, and the frequency of reciprocal movements is lower. Accordingly, the vibrational welding process is less susceptible to the damping effect of the expanded foam material and thus may be more suitable for welding together diaphragm components formed of an expanded foam material.

(41) The invention has been described above with reference to specific embodiments, given by way of example only. It will be appreciated that different arrangements are possible, which fall within the scope of the appended claims.