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20220127507 · 2022-04-28

    Inventors

    Cpc classification

    International classification

    Abstract

    According to the present invention, there is provided a composition comprising 1,1-difluoroethylene (R-1132a), fluoromethane (R-32), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) and carbo dioxide (CO.sub.2, R-744). The invention also provides a composition R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: pentafluoroethane (R-125), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)) and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-hepta-fluoropropane (R-227ea); optionally, the composition comprises at least one further compound selected from the group consisting of trifluoroethylene (R-1123), propane (R-290), propylene (R-1270), isobutane (R-600a) and carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2, R-744). The present invention also provides a composition comprising R-1132a, R-32 and R-1234yf.

    Claims

    1. A composition comprising: (a) from about 2 to about 15 weight % of 1,1-difluoroethene (R-1132a); (b) from about 20 to about 60 weight % of difluoromethane (R-32); (c) from about 25 to about 70 weight % of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf); and (d) from about 2 to about 12 weight % of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2, R-744); based on the total weight of the composition.

    2. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises: (a) from about 4 to about 10 weight % of R-1132a; (b) from about 30 to about 48 weight % of R-32; (c) from about 34 to about 64 weight % of R-1234yf; and (d) from about 2 to about 8 weight % of CO.sub.2; based on the total weight of the composition.

    3. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises from about 4 or 5 or 6 to about 10 weight % of R-1132a, preferably from about 4 or 5 or 6 to about 9 weight %, such as from about 4 or 5 or 6 to about 8 weight % based on the total weight of the composition.

    4. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises from about 32 to about 44 weight % of R-32, preferably from about 36 to about 44 weight %, such as from about 36 to about 40 weight % based on the total weight of the composition.

    5. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises from about 34 to about 60 weight % of R-1234yf, preferably from about 39 to about 56 weight %, such as from about 43 to about 54 weight %, for example from about 43 to about 51 weight % based on the total weight of the composition.

    6. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises from about 2 or 3 to about 7 weight % of CO.sub.2, such as from about 3 or 4 to about 6 weight %, for example from about 3 to about 5 weight % based on the total weight of the composition.

    7. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the composition comprises: about 6 weight % R-1132a, about 40 weight % R-32, about 51 weight % R-1234yf and about 3 weight % CO.sub.2; about 7 weight % R-1132a, about 36 weight % R-32, about 54 weight % R-1234yf and about 3 weight % CO.sub.2; about 9 weight % R-1132a, about 44 weight % R-32, about 43 weight % R-1234yf and about 4 weight % CO.sub.2; or about 7 weight % R-1132a, about 30 weight % R-32, about 60 weight % R-1234yf and about 3 weight % CO.sub.2; based on the total weight of the composition.

    8. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the manufacturing tolerances are +1/−0.5 weight % CO.sub.2; +0.5/−1 weight % R-1132a; ±1 weight % R-32; ±2 weight % R-1234yf.

    9. A composition according to claim 1, wherein the Worst-Case Formulation for Flammability (WCFF) of the composition in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 34 Appendix B has a molar volume concentration of R-1132a which is less than about 35% v/v and preferably less than about 30% v/v based on the total volume of the composition.

    10. A composition comprising 1,1-difluoroethylene (R-1132a), difluoromethane (R-32), 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: pentafluoroethane (R-125), 1,1-difluoroethane (R-152a), 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (R-134a), trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234ze(E)) and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (R-227ea), optionally wherein the composition comprises at least one further compound selected from the group consisting of trifluoroethylene (R-1123), propane (R-290), propylene (R-1270), isobutane (R-600a) and carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2, R-744).

    11. A composition according to claim 10, wherein the composition comprises R-1132a, R-32 and R-1234yf in a combined amount of from about 1 to about 99 weight %, optionally from about 1 to about 90 weight %, preferably from about 1 to about 80 weight %, such as from about 1 to about 75 weight %, for example from about 1 to about 70 weight %, based on the total weight of the composition.

    12. A composition according to claim 10, wherein the composition comprises CO.sub.2 in an amount of from about 1 to about 30 weight %, for example from about 2 to about 20 weight %.

    13. A composition according to claim 10, wherein the composition comprises R-1123 in an amount of from about 1 to about 30 weight %, for example from about 2 or 5 to about 20 weight %.

    14. A composition according to claim 10, wherein the composition comprises R-134a in an amount of from about 1 to about 40 weight %, for example from about 2 to about 30 weight %.

    15. A composition according to claim 10, wherein the composition comprises R-125 in an amount of from about 1 to about 20 weight %, for example from about 2 to about 15 weight %.

    16. A composition according to claim 10, wherein the composition comprises R-1234ze(E) in an amount of from about 1 to about 40 weight %, for example from about 2 to about 30 weight %.

    17. A composition according to claim 10, wherein the composition comprises R-152a in an amount of from about 1 to about 30 weight %, for example from about 2 to about 20 weight %.

    18. A composition according to claim 10, wherein the composition comprises R-600a in an amount of from about 1 to about 20 weight %, such as from about 1 to about 10 weight %, preferably from about 1 to about 5 weight %.

    19. A composition according to claim 10, wherein the composition comprises R-290 in an amount of from about 1 to about 20 weight %, such as from about 1 to about 10 weight %, preferably from about 1 to about 5 weight %.

    20. A composition according to claim 10, wherein the composition comprises R-1270 in an amount of from about 1 to about 20 weight %, such as from about 1 to about 10 weight %, preferably from about 1 to about 5 weight %.

    21. A composition according to claim 10, wherein the composition comprises: R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf and R-152a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf and R-134a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf and R-1234ze(E); R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf and R-125; or R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf and R-227ea.

    22. A composition according to claim 10, wherein the composition comprises: R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2 and R-1234ze(E); R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2 and R-125; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2 and R-152a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2 and R-134a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2 and R-227ea; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1123 and R-1234ze(E); R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1123 and R-125; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1123 and R-152a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1123 and R-134a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1123 and R-227ea; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-290 and R-1234ze(E); R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-290 and R-125; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-290 and R-152a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-290 and R-134a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-290 and R-227ea; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1270 and R-1234ze(E); R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1270 and R-125; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1270 and R-152a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1270 and R-134a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1270 and R-227ea; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-600A and R-1234ze(E); R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-600A and R-125; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-600A and R-152a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-600A and R-134a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-600A and R-227ea; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E) and R-125; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E) and R-152a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E) and R-134a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E) and R-227ea; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-125 and R-152a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-125 and R-134a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-125 and R-227ea; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-152a and R-134a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-152a and R-227ea; or R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-134a; and R-227ea.

    23. A composition according to claim 10, wherein the composition comprises: R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2, R-1123 and R-1234ze(E); R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2, R-1123 and R-125; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2, R-1123 and R-152a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2, R-1123 and R-134a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2, R-1123 and R-227ea; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2, R-290 and R-1234ze(E); R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2, R-290 and R-125; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2, R-290 and R-152a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2, R-290 and R-134a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2, R-290 and R-227ea; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2, R-1270 and R-1234ze(E); R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2, R-1270 and R-125; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2, R-1270 and R-152a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2, R-1270 and R-134a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2, R-1270 and R-227ea; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2, R-600a and R-1234ze(E); R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2, R-600a and R-125; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2, R-600a and R-152a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2, R-600a and R-134a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, CO.sub.2, R-600a and R-227ea; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), R-125 and R-152a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), R-125 and R-134a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), R-125 and R-227ea; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), R-152a and R-134a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), R-152a and R-227ea; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), R-134a and R-227ea; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-125, R-134a and R-227ea; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-125, R-134a and R-152a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-125, R-152a and R-227ea; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-227ea, R-152a and R-134a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1123, R-290 and R-1234ze(E); R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1123, R-290 and R-125; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1123, R-290 and R-152a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1123, R-290 and R-134a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1123, R-290 and R-227ea; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1123, R-1270 and R-1234ze(E); R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1123, R-1270 and R-125; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1123, R-1270 and R-152a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1123, R-1270 and R-134a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1123, R-1270 and R-227ea; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1123, R-600a and R-1234ze(E); R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1123, R-600a and R-125; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1123, R-600a and R-152a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1123, R-600a and R-134a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-1123, R-600a and R-227ea; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-290, R-1270 and R-1234ze(E); R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-290, R-1270 and R-125; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-290, R-1270 and R-152a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-290, R-1270 and R-134a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-290, R-1270 and R-227ea; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-290, R-600a and R-1234ze(E); R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-290, R-600a and R-125; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-290, R-600a and R-152a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-290, R-600a and R-134a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-290, R-600a and R-227ea; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-600a, R-1270 and R-1234ze(E); R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-600a, R-1270 and R-125; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-600a, R-1270 and R-152a; R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-600a, R-1270 and R-134a; or R-1132a, R-32, R-1234yf, R-600a, R-1270 and R-227ea.

    24. A composition according to claim 10 essentially of the stated components.

    25. A composition according to claim 10, wherein the composition is less flammable than R-1132a alone, preferably wherein the composition has: a. a higher flammable limit b. a higher ignition energy; and/or c. a lower flame velocity compared to R-1132a alone.

    26. A composition according to claim 10 wherein the composition is non-flammable, for example wherein the composition is non-flammable at ambient temperature, preferably wherein the composition is non-flammable at 60° C.

    27. A composition according to claim 10, wherein the composition has a temperature glide in an evaporator or condenser of less than about 15K, preferably less than about 10K, for example less than about 6K such as less than about 5K, even more preferably less than about 4K.

    28. A composition according to claim 10 wherein the composition has a volumetric refrigeration capacity which is within about 15% of that of R-410A, preferably within about 10% of R-410A.

    29. A composition according to claim 10, wherein the operating condenser pressure in a condenser containing the composition is within about 10% of that of the condenser containing R-410A, preferably within about 5%.

    30. A composition according to claim 10, wherein the operating condenser pressure in a condenser containing the composition is lower than that of the condenser containing R-410A.

    31. A composition according to claim 10, wherein the composition has a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of less than about 300, such as less than about 280.

    32. A composition according to claim 10 wherein the composition has a burning velocity of less than about 10 cm/s as measured by ASHRAE Standard 34.

    33. A composition comprising a lubricant and a composition according to claim 10, optionally wherein the lubricant is selected from mineral oil, silicone oil, polyalkyl benzenes (PABs), polyol esters (POEs), polyalkylene glycols (PAGs), polyalkylene glycol esters (PAG esters), polyvinyl ethers (PVEs), poly alpha-olefins and combinations thereof, preferably wherein the lubricant is selected from PAGs or POEs.

    34. A composition comprising a stabiliser and a composition according to claim 10, optionally wherein the stabiliser is selected from diene-based compounds, phosphates, phenol compounds and epoxides, and mixtures thereof.

    35. A composition comprising a flame retardant and a composition according to claim 10, optionally wherein the flame retardant is selected from the group consisting of tri-(2-chloroethyl)-phosphate, (chloropropyl) phosphate, tri-(2,3-dibromopropyl)-phosphate, tri-(1,3-dichloropropyl)-phosphate, diammonium phosphate, various halogenated aromatic compounds, antimony oxide, aluminium trihydrate, polyvinyl chloride, a fluorinated iodocarbon, a fluorinated bromocarbon, trifluoro iodomethane, perfluoroalkyl amines, bromo-fluoroalkyl amines and mixtures thereof.

    36. A heat transfer device containing a composition as defined in claim 1, preferably wherein the heat transfer device is a refrigeration device, preferably wherein the heat transfer device comprises a residential or commercial air conditioning system, a heat pump or a commercial or industrial refrigeration system.

    37. A sprayable composition comprising material to be sprayed and a propellant comprising a composition as defined in claim 1.

    38. A method for cooling an article which comprises condensing a composition defined in claim 1 and thereafter evaporating the composition in the vicinity of the article to be cooled.

    39. A method for heating an article which comprises condensing a composition as defined in claim 1 in the vicinity of the article to be heated and thereafter evaporating the composition.

    40. A method for extracting a substance from biomass comprising contacting biomass with a solvent comprising a composition as defined in claim 1 and separating the substance from the solvent.

    41. A method of cleaning an article comprising contacting the article with a solvent comprising a composition as defined in claim 1.

    42. A method of extracting a material from an aqueous solution or from a particulate solid matrix comprising contacting the aqueous solution or the particulate solid matrix with a solvent comprising a composition as defined in claim 1 and separating the material from the solvent.

    43. A mechanical power generation device containing a composition as defined in claim 1, preferably wherein the mechanical power generating is adapted to use a Rankine Cycle or modification thereof to generate work from heat.

    44. A method of retrofitting a heat transfer device comprising the step of removing an existing heat transfer composition, and introducing a composition as defined in claim 1, preferably wherein the heat transfer device is a commercial or industrial refrigeration device, a heat pump, or a residential or commercial air conditioning system.

    45. A method for reducing the environmental impact arising from the operation of a product comprising an existing compound or composition, the method comprising replacing at least partially the existing compound or composition with a composition as defined in claim 1, optionally wherein the use of the composition of the invention results in a lower Total Equivalent Warming Impact, and/or a lower Life-Cycle Carbon Production than is attained by use of the existing compound or composition, preferably wherein the method is carried out on a product from the fields of air-conditioning, refrigeration, heat transfer, aerosols or sprayable propellants, gaseous dielectrics, flame suppression, solvents, cleaners, topical anaesthetics, and expansion applications, such as wherein the product is selected from a heat transfer device, a sprayable composition, a solvent or a mechanical power generation device, preferably a heat transfer device, for example wherein the product is a heat transfer device, preferably a residential or commercial air conditioning system, a heat pump or a commercial or industrial refrigeration system.

    46. A method according to claim 44 wherein the existing compound or composition is a heat transfer composition, preferably wherein the heat transfer composition is a refrigerant selected from R-410A, R-454B, R-452B and R-32.

    47. A composition comprising: (a) from about 6 to about 18 weight % of 1,1-difluoroethene (R-1132a); (b) from about 20 to about 65 weight % of difluoromethane (R-32); (c) from about 15 to about 60 weight % of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (R-1234yf) based on the total weight of the composition.

    48. A composition according to claim 47 comprising from about 6 to about 15 weight % of R-1132a, preferably from about 6 to about 12 weight %, such as from about 7 to about 10 weight % based on the total weight of the composition.

    49. A composition according to claim 47 comprising from about 25 to about 65 weight % of R-32, preferably from about 35 to about 60 weight %, such as from about 40 to about 60 weight % based on the total weight of the composition.

    50. A composition according to claim 47 comprising from about 20 to about 60 weight % of R-1234yf, preferably from about 25 to about 55 weight %, such as from about 30 to about 55 weight % based on the total weight of the composition.

    51. A composition according to claim 47, wherein the composition comprises: about 7 weight % R-1132a, about 50 weight % R-32 and about 43 weight % R-1234yf; about 7 weight % R-1132a, about 55 weight % R-32 and about 38 weight % R-1234yf; about 8 weight % R-1132a, about 40 weight % R-32 and about 52 weight % R-1234yf; about 8 weight % R-1132a, about 60 weight % R-32 and about 32 weight % R-1234yf; or about 10 weight % R-1132a, about 55 weight % R-32 and about 35 weight % R-1234yf; based on the total weight of the composition.

    52. A composition according to claim 47, wherein the composition comprises from about 6 to about 7 weight % R-1132a.

    53. A composition according to claim 47, wherein the composition has a volumetric cooling capacity that is within about 15% of that of R-410A, preferably within about 10% of that of R-410A.

    54. A composition according to claim 47, wherein the composition has a temperature glide in an evaporator or condenser of less than about 10K, preferably less than about 7K, such as less than about 5K.

    55. A composition according to claim 47, wherein the operating condenser pressure in a condenser containing the composition is within about 10% of that of the condenser containing R-410A, preferably within about 5%.

    56. A composition according to claim 47, wherein the operating condenser pressure in a condenser containing the composition is lower than of that of the condenser containing R-410A.

    57. A composition according to claim 47, wherein the composition has a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of less than about 300, such as less than about 280.

    58. A composition according to claim 47, wherein the Worst-Case Formulation for Flammability (WCFF) of the composition in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 34 Appendix B has a molar volume concentration of R-1132a which is less than about 35% v/v and preferably less than about 30% v/v based on the total volume of the composition.

    59. A composition according to claim 47, wherein the composition has a compressor discharge temperature which is within about 10K of that of R-410A, such as within about 5K of that of R-410A.

    60. A composition according to claim 47 wherein the manufacturing tolerances of the composition are +0.5/−1 weight % R-1132a; ±1 weight % R-32; ±1.5 weight % R-1234yf.]

    61. Use of a composition comprising a POE lubricant and a composition according to claim 47 as a replacement for an existing heat transfer composition in a commercial air conditioning system.

    62. Use of a composition comprising a POE lubricant and a composition according to claim 47 as a replacement for an existing heat transfer composition in a commercial refrigeration system.

    63. The use according to claim 61 wherein the existing heat transfer composition is R-410A.

    64. A vessel comprising a composition according to claim 47 in an amount of up to about 90% v/v based on the total volume of the vessel, wherein the vessel has a temperature of about −40° C. and wherein the composition comprises R-1132a in a molar volume concentration of less than about 35% v/v, preferably less than about 30% v/v, based on the total volume of the composition, preferably wherein the vessel is a cylinder.

    Description

    EXAMPLES

    [0130] Performance Assessment

    [0131] Two thermodynamic models of the fluid system were constructed, with pure component data and mixture equilibrium data fitted into each of them. The NIST REFPROP 9.1 software was used to build the first model. Mexichem in-house software coded in Matlab was used to build the second model to correlate accurately the vapour-liquid equilibrium properties of the mixture components. The predictions of both models for a typical air-conditioning cycle were checked against each other and were found to be in good agreement. The Mexichem equilibrium model gave more accurate fitting of our experimental mixture equilibrium data. It was therefore used for both performance modelling and derivation of the worst-case composition for flammability. The conditions used for the modelling are shown in Table 1 below; these represent an air-conditioning cycle application.

    TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 1 Modelling conditions used for assessing performance Parameter Units Value Cooling duty kW 14.2 Mean condenser temperature ° C. 54.4 Mean evaporator temperature ° C. 7.2 Condenser subcooling K 8.3 Evaporator superheat K 5.6 Evaporator pressure drop bar 0.00 Suction line pressure drop bar 0.00 Condenser pressure drop bar 0.00 Compressor suction superheat K 11.1 Isentropic efficiency 70.0%

    [0132] The measured performance data for the compositions of the present invention is listed in the following tables (Examples 1 to 26).

    [0133] In addition, the Matlab thermodynamic property model for the compositions of the present invention was used to estimate WCFF compositions as the initial vapour in a cylinder filled to 90% maximum at −40° C. The following operating conditions were assumed:

    TABLE-US-00004 Cylinder fill temperature (° C.) 54.4 Cylinder fractionation temperature −40 (° C.) Liquid density model used Quartic VLE model used Peng Robinson/Wong Sandler Matlab workspace file LFR databank Jun. 25th, 2019.mat'

    Blending Tolerances for ASHRAE (% Mass)

    [0134]

    TABLE-US-00005 Upper Component bound Lower bound R-1132a 0.5 1 R-744 1 0.5 R-32 1 1 R-1234yf 1.5 1.5

    [0135] The results are outlined in Examples 27 to 40.

    [0136] It can be seen that in nearly all cases the initial vapour composition is less than 35% by volume of R-1132a.

    Example 1 (Ternary Blends of R-1132a/R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 4 Weight % R-1132a)

    [0137]

    TABLE-US-00006 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 Results R410A R-1234yf 60 58 56 54 52 50 48 GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 106.3% 106.2% 105.9% 105.7% 105.5% 105.3% 105.1% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0% 84.3% 85.7% 87.2% 88.6% 90.1% 91.5% 92.8% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 −4.2 −3.4 −2.4 −1.5 −0.6 0.4 1.2 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.49 3.48 3.47 3.46 3.46 3.45 3.44 Volumetric efficiency 94.5% 93.6% 93.7% 93.7% 93.8% 93.9% 94.0% 94.0% Condenser glide K 0.2 5.9 5.4 5.2 4.9 4.7 4.5 4.1 Evaporator glide K 0.1 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.3 5.0 4.8 4.5 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 5.0 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 43.2 43.4 43.5 43.7 43.8 43.9 44.0 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 27.5 27.9 28.4 28.8 29.3 29.7 30.1 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 7.9 8.0 8.2 8.3 8.5 8.6 8.7 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 157.1 159.0 161.2 163.2 165.4 167.6 169.6 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 3.07 3.06 3.05 3.05 3.04 3.04 3.03 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 101.3 102.1 103.1 104.0 105.0 105.9 106.7 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 242 239 236 233 230 227 224 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 8.63 8.49 8.34 8.21 8.07 7.95 7.84 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 4403 4478 4558 4632 4709 4784 4851 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 189 184 179 174 170 165 161 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 28.0 28.2 28.3 28.4 28.5 28.5 28.6 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 128.6 129.1 130.0 130.5 131.1 131.7 131.8

    Example 2 (Ternary Blends of R-1132a/R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 5 Weight % R-1132a)

    [0138]

    TABLE-US-00007 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 Results R410A R-1234yf 59 57 55 53 51 49 47 GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 105.9% 105.7% 105.5% 105.3% 105.1% 104.9% 104.7% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0% 85.4% 86.9% 88.4% 89.8% 91.4% 92.7% 94.1% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 −3.8 −2.8 −1.9 −1.1 −0.1 0.8 1.7 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.49 3.48 3.47 3.46 3.46 3.45 3.44 Volumetric efficiency 94.5% 93.6% 93.7% 93.8% 93.8% 93.9% 94.0% 94.1% Condenser glide K 0.2 6.0 5.7 5.4 5.0 4.9 4.6 4.3 Evaporator glide K 0.1 6.2 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.2 4.9 4.7 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 4.1 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.9 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 43.1 43.3 43.4 43.6 43.7 43.8 44.0 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 28.0 28.4 28.9 29.3 29.8 30.2 30.6 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 8.0 8.2 8.3 8.5 8.6 8.8 8.9 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 157.1 159.1 161.2 163.1 165.4 167.5 169.6 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 3.05 3.05 3.04 3.04 3.03 3.02 3.02 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 101.8 102.7 103.6 104.4 105.5 106.3 107.2 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 242 239 236 233 230 227 224 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 8.52 8.37 8.23 8.10 7.96 7.85 7.73 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 4463 4543 4622 4695 4775 4844 4915 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 186 181 176 172 167 163 159 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 28.4 28.6 28.7 28.8 28.9 28.9 29.0 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 131.2 132.0 132.7 133.1 134.0 134.2 134.5

    Example 3 (Ternary Blends of R-1132a/R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 6 Weight % R-1132a)

    [0139]

    TABLE-US-00008 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 Results R410A R-1234yf 58 56 54 52 50 48 46 GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 105.5% 105.3% 105.1% 104.9% 104.7% 104.4% 104.3% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0% 86.6% 88.2% 89.6% 91.1% 92.5% 93.8% 95.3% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 −3.3 −2.4 −1.5 −0.6 0.3 1.2 2.1 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.49 3.48 3.47 3.46 3.45 3.44 3.44 Volumetric efficiency 94.5% 93.6% 93.7% 93.8% 93.8% 93.9% 94.0% 94.1% Condenser glide K 0.2 6.1 5.9 5.5 5.3 5.0 4.5 4.4 Evaporator glide K 0.1 6.4 6.2 5.9 5.7 5.4 5.1 4.9 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.7 4.8 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 43.1 43.2 43.4 43.5 43.6 43.8 43.9 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 28.4 28.9 29.4 29.8 30.3 30.7 31.1 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 8.2 8.3 8.5 8.6 8.8 8.9 9.0 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 157.0 159.1 161.1 163.2 165.3 167.2 169.5 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 3.04 3.03 3.03 3.02 3.02 3.01 3.01 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 102.2 103.2 104.0 105.0 105.9 106.7 107.6 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 242 239 236 233 230 227 224 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 8.40 8.25 8.12 7.98 7.86 7.75 7.64 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 4524 4607 4683 4761 4836 4903 4979 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 184 179 174 169 165 162 157 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 28.8 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.3 29.4 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 133.8 134.8 135.4 136.2 136.6 136.9 137.2

    Example 4 (Ternary Blends of R-1132a/R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 7 Weight % R-1132a)

    [0140]

    TABLE-US-00009 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 Results R410A R-1234yf 57 55 53 51 49 47 45 GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 105.1% 104.8% 104.6% 104.5% 104.3% 104.1% 103.9% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0% 87.8% 89.4% 90.8% 92.3% 93.8% 95.1% 96.5% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 −2.9 −1.8 −1.0 −0.1 0.8 1.6 2.5 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.48 3.48 3.47 3.46 3.45 3.44 3.43 Volumetric efficiency 94.5% 93.6% 93.7% 93.8% 93.9% 93.9% 94.0% 94.1% Condenser glide K 0.2 6.3 6.1 5.7 5.4 5.1 4.8 4.6 Evaporator glide K 0.1 6.6 6.4 6.1 5.8 5.6 5.3 5.0 Evaporator inlet temperature °C 7.2 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.7 Condenser exit temperature °C 46.0 43.0 43.1 43.3 43.4 43.6 43.7 43.8 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 28.9 29.5 29.9 30.4 30.8 31.2 31.6 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 8.3 8.5 8.6 8.8 8.9 9.1 9.2 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 157.0 159.1 161.1 163.1 165.2 167.3 169.4 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 3.03 3.02 3.02 3.01 3.01 3.00 3.00 Discharge temperature °C 105.5 102.7 103.7 104.5 105.4 106.3 107.2 108.0 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 242 239 236 233 230 227 224 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 8.29 8.14 8.01 7.88 7.76 7.65 7.54 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 4588 4672 4747 4824 4899 4971 5042 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 181 176 172 167 163 159 156 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 29.2 29.4 29.5 29.6 29.7 29.7 29.8 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 136.7 137.9 138.4 139.0 139.5 139.8 140.0

    Example 5 (Ternary Blends of R-1132a/R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 8 Weight % of R-1132a)

    [0141]

    TABLE-US-00010 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 Results R410A R-1234yf 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 104.6% 104.4% 104.2% 104.0% 103.9% 103.7% 103.6% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0% 89.0% 90.6% 92.1% 93.5% 94.9% 96.3% 97.6% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 −2.3 −1.5 −0.6 0.2 1.1 2.0 2.8 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.48 3.47 3.46 3.45 3.44 3.44 3.43 Volumetric efficiency 94.5% 93.7% 93.7% 93.8% 93.9% 94.0% 94.0% 94.1% Condenser glide K 0.2 6.4 6.1 5.8 5.4 5.1 4.8 4.6 Evaporator glide K 0.1 6.8 6.6 6.3 6.0 5.7 5.5 5.2 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.6 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 42.9 43.0 43.2 43.4 43.5 43.7 43.8 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 29.5 29.9 30.4 30.8 31.3 31.7 32.1 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 8.5 8.6 8.8 8.9 9.1 9.2 9.4 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 157.0 159.0 161.0 162.9 165.0 167.1 169.2 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 3.02 3.01 3.00 3.00 2.99 2.99 2.98 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 103.2 104.1 105.0 105.8 106.7 107.5 108.4 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 242 239 236 233 230 228 225 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 8.17 8.03 7.90 7.78 7.67 7.56 7.45 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 4653 4734 4812 4884 4959 5031 5102 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 179 174 169 165 161 158 154 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 29.6 29.8 29.9 30.0 30.1 30.1 30.1 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 139.8 140.6 141.4 141.8 142.2 142.5 142.7

    Example 6 (Quaternary Blends of R-1132a/CO.SUB.2./R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 4 Weight % of R-1132a and 3 Weight % of CO.SUB.2 .(R-744))

    [0142]

    TABLE-US-00011 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 R-744 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 Results R410A R-1234yf 57 55 53 51 49 47 45 GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 104.3% 104.1% 103.9% 103.7% 103.5% 103.3% 103.1% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0% 91.2% 92.8% 94.2% 95.6% 97.0% 98.4% 99.7% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 −0.3 0.6 1.4 2.3 3.2 4.1 4.9 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.52 3.51 3.50 3.49 3.48 3.48 3.47 Volumetric efficiency 94.5% 93.6% 93.7% 93.8% 93.9% 93.9% 94.0% 94.1% Condenser glide K 0.2 7.9 7.6 7.2 6.8 6.5 6.2 5.9 Evaporator glide K 0.1 7.5 7.2 6.9 6.6 6.4 6.1 5.8 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.3 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 42.2 42.3 42.5 42.7 42.9 43.0 43.1 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 30.3 30.8 31.2 31.6 32.1 32.5 32.9 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 8.6 8.8 8.9 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.5 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 160.4 162.4 164.4 166.4 168.5 170.6 172.7 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 3.01 3.00 2.99 2.99 2.98 2.98 2.97 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 105.2 106.1 107.0 107.8 108.7 109.6 110.5 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 237 234 231 228 226 223 220 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 7.97 7.84 7.72 7.61 7.50 7.39 7.29 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 4768 4849 4922 4997 5070 5142 5212 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 172 167 163 159 155 152 148 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 29.7 29.8 29.9 30.0 30.1 30.1 30.2 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 141.7 142.5 143.0 143.6 144.1 144.4 144.6

    Example 7 (Quaternary Blends of R-1132a/CO.SUB.2./R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 5 Weight % of R-1132a and 3 Weight % of CO.SUB.2 .(R-744))

    [0143]

    TABLE-US-00012 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 R-744 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 Results R410A R-1234yf 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 103.9% 103.7% 103.4% 103.3% 103.1% 102.9% 102.7% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0% 92.4% 94.0% 95.5% 96.8% 98.2% 99.7% 101.0% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 0.1 1.0 1.9 2.7 3.6 4.5 5.4 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.51 3.51 3.50 3.49 3.48 3.48 3.47 Volumetric efficiency 94.5% 93.6% 93.7% 93.8% 93.9% 94.0% 94.0% 94.1% Condenser glide K 0.2 8.0 7.7 7.3 6.9 6.6 6.3 6.0 Evaporator glide K 0.1 7.7 7.4 7.1 6.8 6.5 6.2 5.9 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.3 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 42.1 42.3 42.5 42.7 42.8 42.9 43.1 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 30.8 31.3 31.7 32.1 32.6 33.0 33.4 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 8.8 8.9 9.1 9.2 9.4 9.5 9.6 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 160.2 162.3 164.3 166.2 168.3 170.5 172.6 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 2.99 2.99 2.98 2.98 2.97 2.96 2.96 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 105.6 106.6 107.4 108.2 109.1 110.0 110.9 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 237 234 231 229 226 223 220 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 7.87 7.74 7.62 7.51 7.41 7.30 7.20 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 4830 4912 4988 5060 5133 5208 5278 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 169 165 161 157 154 150 147 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 30.1 30.3 30.4 30.4 30.5 30.5 30.6 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 144.4 145.5 146.2 146.6 147.1 147.6 147.8

    Example 8 (Quaternary Blends of R-1132a/CO.SUB.2./R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 6 Weight % of R-1132a and 3 Weight % of CO.SUB.2 .(R-744))

    [0144]

    TABLE-US-00013 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 R-744 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 Results R410A R-1234yf 55 53 51 49 47 45 43 GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 103.5% 103.2% 103.0% 102.8% 102.6% 102.5% 102.3% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0% 93.7% 95.1% 96.6% 98.0% 99.4% 100.8% 102.2% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 0.5 1.4 2.2 3.1 4.0 4.8 5.7 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.51 3.50 3.49 3.48 3.48 3.47 3.46 Volumetric efficiency 94.5% 93.7% 93.7% 93.8% 93.9% 94.0% 94.0% 94.1% Condenser glide K 0.2 8.2 7.7 7.3 6.9 6.6 6.3 6.1 Evaporator glide K 0.1 7.9 7.6 7.3 7.0 6.7 6.4 6.1 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.0 4.2 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 42.0 42.3 42.5 42.6 42.8 43.0 43.1 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 31.3 31.8 32.2 32.7 33.1 33.5 33.9 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 8.9 9.1 9.2 9.4 9.5 9.7 9.8 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 160.2 162.1 164.1 166.1 168.1 170.2 172.4 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 2.98 2.98 2.97 2.96 2.96 2.95 2.95 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 106.0 106.9 107.8 108.6 109.5 110.4 111.3 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 237 235 232 229 226 223 221 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 7.76 7.65 7.53 7.42 7.32 7.22 7.12 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 4897 4971 5048 5123 5196 5268 5340 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 167 163 159 156 152 148 145 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 30.6 30.7 30.8 30.8 30.9 31.0 31.0 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 147.6 148.4 149.2 149.7 150.2 150.5 150.8

    Example 9 (Quaternary Blends of R-1132a/CO.SUB.2./R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 7 Weight % of R-1132a and 3 Weight % of CO.SUB.2 .(R-744))

    [0145]

    TABLE-US-00014 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 R-744 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 Results R410A R-1234yf 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 103.0% 102.7% 102.6% 102.4% 102.2% 102.0% 101.9% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0% 94.8% 96.3% 97.8% 99.3% 100.7% 102.1% 103.4% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 0.9 1.8 2.7 3.5 4.4 5.3 6.1 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.51 3.50 3.49 3.48 3.47 3.47 3.46 Volumetric efficiency 94.5% 93.7% 93.8% 93.8% 93.9% 94.0% 94.1% 94.1% Condenser glide K 0.2 8.1 7.6 7.4 7.0 6.7 6.4 6.1 Evaporator glide K 0.1 8.0 7.7 7.4 7.1 6.8 6.5 6.2 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.1 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 42.1 42.3 42.4 42.6 42.8 42.9 43.1 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 31.8 32.3 32.8 33.2 33.6 34.1 34.4 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 9.1 9.2 9.4 9.5 9.7 9.8 10.0 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 159.9 161.8 163.9 165.9 168.0 170.1 172.2 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 2.97 2.96 2.96 2.95 2.95 2.94 2.94 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 106.4 107.3 108.2 109.1 109.9 110.8 111.6 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 238 235 232 229 226 224 221 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 7.67 7.56 7.44 7.33 7.23 7.13 7.04 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 4954 5030 5113 5188 5262 5334 5403 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 166 162 157 154 150 147 143 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.3 31.3 31.4 31.4 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 150.7 151.7 152.6 153.1 153.6 153.9 154.0

    Example 10 (Quaternary Blends of R-1132a/CO.SUB.2./R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 8 Weight % of R-1132a and 3 Weight % of CO.SUB.2 .(R-744))

    [0146]

    TABLE-US-00015 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 R-744 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 53 51 49 47 45 43 41 Results R410A GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 102.7% 102.3% 102.1% 101.9% 101.9% 101.6% 101.5% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0%  96.1%  97.5%  99.0% 100.5% 102.0% 103.2% 104.6% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 1.3 2.2 3.1 3.9 4.8 5.5 6.5 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.50 3.49 3.49 3.48 3.47 3.46 3.45 Volumetric efficiency  94.5%  93.7%  93.8%  93.9%  93.9%  94.0%  94.1%  94.2% Condenser glide K 0.2 8.2 7.7 7.4 7.0 6.9 6.3 6.1 Evaporator glide K 0.1 8.2 7.9 7.6 7.2 7.0 6.6 6.3 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.9 4.0 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 42.0 42.2 42.4 42.6 42.7 42.9 43.1 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 32.3 32.8 33.3 33.7 34.2 34.5 35.0 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 9.2 9.4 9.5 9.7 9.8 10.0 10.1 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 159.9 161.7 163.7 165.7 167.9 169.7 171.9 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 2.96 2.95 2.94 2.94 2.94 2.93 2.93 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 106.8 107.7 108.6 109.4 110.3 111.1 112.0 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 238 235 232 229 226 224 221 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 7.57 7.46 7.35 7.24 7.13 7.05 6.95 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 5022 5097 5175 5249 5331 5392 5466 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 163 160 156 152 148 145 142 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 31.4 31.5 31.6 31.7 31.7 31.8 31.8 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 154.0 155.1 155.9 156.5 156.9 157.0 157.3

    Example 11 (Quaternary Blends of R-1132a/CO.SUB.2./R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 9 Weight % of R-1132a and 3 Weight % of CO.SUB.2 .(R-744))

    [0147]

    TABLE-US-00016 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 R-744 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 Results R410A GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 102.0% 101.7% 101.7% 101.5% 101.3% 101.2% 101.1% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0%  97.2%  98.6% 100.2% 101.6% 103.1% 104.4% 105.8% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 1.7 2.6 3.4 4.2 5.1 5.9 6.8 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.50 3.49 3.48 3.47 3.46 3.46 3.45 Volumetric efficiency  94.5%  93.7%  93.8%  93.9%  94.0%  94.0%  94.1%  94.2% Condenser glide K 0.2 8.1 7.7 7.4 7.0 6.7 6.4 6.1 Evaporator glide K 0.1 8.3 8.0 7.7 7.4 7.1 6.8 6.5 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.8 4.0 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 42.0 42.3 42.4 42.6 42.8 42.9 43.1 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 32.9 33.4 33.8 34.2 34.7 35.1 35.5 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 9.4 9.6 9.7 9.9 10.0 10.2 10.3 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 159.6 161.4 163.4 165.4 167.5 169.6 171.7 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 2.94 2.93 2.93 2.93 2.92 2.92 2.91 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 107.3 108.2 109.0 109.7 110.7 111.5 112.3 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 238 236 233 230 227 224 221 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 7.49 7.38 7.26 7.16 7.06 6.97 6.88 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 5079 5155 5235 5308 5385 5458 5528 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 162 158 154 151 147 144 141 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 31.8 31.9 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.2 32.2 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 157.6 158.7 159.3 159.7 160.4 160.7 160.7

    Example 12 (Quaternary Blends of R-1132a/CO.SUB.2./R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 10 Weight % of R-1132a and 3 Weight % of CO.SUB.2 .(R-744))

    [0148]

    TABLE-US-00017 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 R-744 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 51 49 47 45 43 41 39 Results R410A GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 101.4% 101.3% 101.2% 101.1% 100.9% 100.8% 100.7% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0%  98.2%  99.8% 101.3% 102.8% 104.2% 105.6% 107.0% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 2.1 2.9 3.8 4.6 5.4 6.3 7.1 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.50 3.48 3.48 3.47 3.46 3.45 3.44 Volumetric efficiency  94.5%  93.8%  93.8%  93.9%  94.0%  94.1%  94.1%  94.2% Condenser glide K 0.2 7.9 7.6 7.3 7.0 6.7 6.4 6.1 Evaporator glide K 0.1 8.4 8.1 7.8 7.5 7.2 6.9 6.6 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 42.2 42.3 42.4 42.6 42.8 42.9 43.1 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 33.4 33.9 34.3 34.8 35.2 35.6 36.0 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 9.6 9.7 9.9 10.0 10.2 10.3 10.5 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 159.1 161.0 163.2 165.1 167.2 169.3 171.4 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 2.92 2.92 2.92 2.91 2.91 2.90 2.90 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 107.7 108.5 109.3 110.2 111.0 111.8 112.6 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 239 236 233 230 227 225 222 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 7.41 7.29 7.18 7.08 6.98 6.89 6.80 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 5131 5213 5296 5372 5446 5519 5589 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 160 157 153 149 146 142 139 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 32.3 32.4 32.5 32.5 32.6 32.6 32.6 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 161.2 162.0 162.9 163.5 164.0 164.2 164.3

    Example 13 (Quaternary Blends of R-1132a/CO.SUB.2./R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 4 Weight % of R-1132a and 4 Weight % of CO.SUB.2 .(R-744))

    [0149]

    TABLE-US-00018 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 R-744 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 Results R410A GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 103.7% 103.4% 103.2% 103.0% 102.8% 102.6% 102.4% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0%  93.6%  95.1%  96.5%  98.0%  99.4% 100.7% 102.0% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 0.9 1.8 2.6 3.5 4.4 5.3 6.1 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.53 3.52 3.51 3.50 3.49 3.49 3.48 Volumetric efficiency  94.5%  93.6%  93.7%  93.8%  93.9%  93.9%  94.0%  94.1% Condenser glide K 0.2 8.5 8.1 7.7 7.4 7.0 6.7 6.4 Evaporator glide K 0.1 8.0 7.7 7.4 7.1 6.8 6.5 6.2 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.1 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 41.9 42.1 42.2 42.4 42.6 42.7 42.9 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 31.2 31.7 32.1 32.6 33.0 33.4 33.8 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 8.9 9.0 9.2 9.3 9.5 9.6 9.7 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 161.4 163.3 165.3 167.3 169.4 171.5 173.6 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 2.99 2.98 2.97 2.97 2.96 2.96 2.95 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 106.4 107.3 108.2 109.1 109.9 110.8 111.7 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 236 233 230 227 224 222 219 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 7.77 7.65 7.54 7.43 7.32 7.22 7.13 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 4891 4968 5044 5119 5192 5263 5332 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 167 162 159 155 151 148 145 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 30.3 30.4 30.5 30.6 30.6 30.7 30.7 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 146.1 146.9 147.6 148.2 148.7 149.1 149.2

    Example 14 (Quaternary Blends of R-1132a/CO.SUB.2./R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 5 Weight % of R-1132a and 4 Weight % of CO.SUB.2 .(R-744))

    [0150]

    TABLE-US-00019 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 R-744 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 55 53 51 49 47 45 43 Results R410A GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 103.2% 103.0% 102.7% 102.5% 102.4% 102.2% 102.0% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0%  94.8%  96.3%  97.8%  99.2% 100.7% 101.9% 103.3% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 1.4 2.2 3.2 4.0 4.9 5.6 6.6 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.52 3.51 3.51 3.50 3.49 3.48 3.48 Volumetric efficiency 94.5%  93.7%  93.7%  93.8%  93.9%  94.0%  94.0%  94.1% Condenser glide K 0.2 8.6 8.2 7.9 7.5 7.3 6.8 6.5 Evaporator glide K 0.1 8.1 7.8 7.5 7.2 6.9 6.6 6.3 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 4.1 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 41.8 42.0 42.2 42.4 42.5 42.7 42.9 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 31.8 32.2 32.7 33.1 33.6 34.0 34.4 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 9.0 9.2 9.3 9.5 9.6 9.8 9.9 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 161.3 163.2 165.3 167.2 169.4 171.3 173.5 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 2.97 2.97 2.96 2.96 2.95 2.95 2.94 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 106.9 107.8 108.7 109.5 110.4 111.2 112.1 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 236 233 230 227 224 222 219 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 7.67 7.55 7.43 7.33 7.22 7.14 7.04 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 4955 5033 5113 5185 5263 5326 5398 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 164 160 156 153 149 146 143 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 30.7 30.8 30.9 31.0 31.1 31.1 31.1 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 149.4 150.2 151.2 151.6 152.2 152.2 152.5

    Example 15 (Quaternary Blends of R-1132a/CO.SUB.2./R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 6 Weight % of R-1132a and 4 Weight % of CO.SUB.2 .(R-744))

    [0151]

    TABLE-US-00020 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 R-744 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 Results R410A GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 102.8% 102.5% 102.3% 102.0% 101.8% 101.7% 101.6% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0%  96.1%  97.5%  98.9% 100.3% 101.7% 103.1% 104.5% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 1.8 2.6 3.4 4.4 5.2 6.0 6.9 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.52 3.51 3.50 3.49 3.49 3.48 3.47 Volumetric efficiency  94.5%  93.7%  93.8%  93.8%  93.9%  94.0%  94.1%  94.1% Condenser glide K 0.2 8.7 8.2 7.8 7.3 7.0 6.7 6.5 Evaporator glide K 0.1 8.3 8.0 7.7 7.4 7.0 6.7 6.5 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.8 4.0 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 41.7 42.0 42.2 42.5 42.6 42.8 42.8 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 32.3 32.7 33.2 33.7 34.1 34.5 34.9 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 9.2 9.3 9.5 9.6 9.8 9.9 10.1 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 161.2 163.0 164.9 166.8 168.9 171.0 173.3 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 2.96 2.95 2.95 2.94 2.93 2.93 2.93 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 107.3 108.2 109.0 109.9 110.7 111.6 112.5 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 236 233 231 228 225 222 219 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 7.57 7.46 7.36 7.26 7.15 7.06 6.96 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 5022 5095 5168 5240 5313 5386 5461 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 162 159 155 152 148 145 141 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 31.1 31.3 31.3 31.4 31.5 31.5 31.5 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 152.7 153.5 154.0 154.9 155.3 155.5 155.7

    Example 16 (Quaternary Blends of R-1132a/CO.SUB.2./R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 7 Weight % of R-1132a and 4 Weight % of CO.SUB.2 .(R-744))

    [0152]

    TABLE-US-00021 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 R-744 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 53 51 49 47 45 43 41 Results R410A GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 102.3% 102.0% 101.8% 101.7% 101.4% 101.3% 101.2% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0%  97.2%  98.6% 100.0% 101.6% 102.9% 104.4% 105.7% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 2.1 3.0 3.8 4.7 5.6 6.4 7.3 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.52 3.50 3.50 3.49 3.48 3.47 3.47 Volumetric efficiency  94.5%  93.7%  93.8%  93.9%  93.9%  94.0%  94.1%  94.2% Condenser glide K 0.2 8.6 8.1 7.7 7.5 7.0 6.8 6.5 Evaporator glide K 0.1 8.4 8.1 7.8 7.5 7.2 6.9 6.6 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 41.8 42.1 42.3 42.4 42.6 42.7 42.8 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 32.8 33.2 33.7 34.2 34.6 35.0 35.4 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 9.3 9.5 9.6 9.8 9.9 10.1 10.2 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 160.9 162.7 164.6 166.8 168.6 170.9 173.0 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 2.95 2.94 2.93 2.93 2.92 2.92 2.92 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 107.7 108.5 109.4 110.3 111.1 111.9 112.8 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 236 234 231 228 225 222 220 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 7.49 7.38 7.27 7.16 7.07 6.97 6.88 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 5078 5152 5227 5309 5375 5453 5523 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 161 157 154 150 147 143 140 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 31.6 31.7 31.8 31.8 31.9 31.9 31.9 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 155.9 156.7 157.5 158.2 158.7 158.9 159.1

    Example 17 (Quaternary Blends of R-1132a/CO.SUB.2./R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 8 Weight % of R-1132a and 4 Weight % of CO.SUB.2 .(R-744))

    [0153]

    TABLE-US-00022 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 R-744 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 Results R410A GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 101.8% 101.6% 101.4% 101.3% 101.1% 100.9% 100.7% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0%  98.3%  99.8% 101.3% 102.8% 104.2% 105.5% 106.7% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 2.5 3.4 4.2 5.0 5.9 6.7 7.6 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.51 3.50 3.49 3.48 3.48 3.47 3.46 Volumetric efficiency  94.5%  93.7%  93.8%  93.9%  94.0%  94.0%  94.1%  94.2% Condenser glide K 0.2 8.6 8.2 7.8 7.5 7.1 6.8 6.3 Evaporator glide K 0.1 8.6 8.3 7.9 7.6 7.3 7.0 6.7 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.9 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 41.8 42.0 42.2 42.4 42.6 42.7 42.9 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 33.3 33.8 34.3 34.7 35.1 35.5 35.9 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 9.5 9.7 9.8 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.4 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 160.6 162.5 164.5 166.6 168.5 170.6 172.5 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 2.93 2.93 2.92 2.92 2.91 2.91 2.90 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 108.1 108.9 109.8 110.6 111.4 112.3 113.1 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 237 234 231 228 226 223 220 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 7.40 7.29 7.18 7.08 6.98 6.89 6.82 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 5139 5218 5295 5372 5443 5515 5578 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 159 155 152 148 145 142 139 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 32.0 32.1 32.2 32.3 32.3 32.3 32.3 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 159.3 160.3 161.1 161.6 162.2 162.4 162.5

    Example 18 (Quaternary Blends of R-1132a/CO.SUB.2./R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 9 Weight % of R-1132a and 4 Weight % of CO.SUB.2 .(R-744))

    [0154]

    TABLE-US-00023 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 R-744 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 51 49 47 45 43 41 39 Results R410A GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 101.3% 101.2% 101.0% 100.8% 100.6% 100.5% 100.3% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0%  99.4% 101.1% 102.5% 103.9% 105.3% 106.6% 107.9% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 2.8 3.7 4.6 5.3 6.2 7.0 7.9 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.50 3.49 3.49 3.47 3.47 3.46 3.45 Volumetric efficiency  94.5%  93.8%  93.8%  93.9%  94.0%  94.1%  94.1%  94.2% Condenser glide K 0.2 8.5 8.2 7.7 7.3 7.1 6.7 6.3 Evaporator glide K 0.1 8.7 8.4 8.1 7.7 7.4 7.1 6.8 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.8 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 41.9 42.0 42.2 42.4 42.6 42.8 43.0 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 33.8 34.3 34.8 35.2 35.6 36.0 36.4 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 9.7 9.8 10.0 10.1 10.3 10.4 10.6 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 160.2 162.3 164.2 166.1 168.2 170.2 172.2 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 2.92 2.92 2.91 2.91 2.90 2.90 2.89 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 108.4 109.2 110.1 110.9 111.8 112.5 113.4 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 237 234 232 229 226 223 221 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 7.32 7.20 7.10 7.01 6.91 6.82 6.74 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 5195 5281 5355 5427 5504 5573 5639 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 158 154 150 147 143 140 138 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 32.4 32.5 32.6 32.7 32.7 32.7 32.7 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 162.6 163.7 164.7 165.0 165.8 165.8 166.0

    Example 19 (Quaternary Blends of R-1132a/CO.SUB.2./R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 10 Weight % of R-1132a and 4 Weight % of CO.SUB.2 .(R-744))

    [0155]

    TABLE-US-00024 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 R-744 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 50 48 46 44 42 40 38 Results R410A GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 100.8% 100.7% 100.6% 100.3% 100.2% 100.1% 100.0% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0% 100.6% 102.1% 103.7% 105.1% 106.4% 107.9% 109.2% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 3.3 4.1 4.9 5.7 6.5 7.4 8.2 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.50 3.49 3.48 3.47 3.46 3.46 3.45 Volumetric efficiency  94.5%  93.8%  93.9%  93.9%  94.0%  94.1%  94.2%  94.2% Condenser glide K 0.2 8.5 8.1 7.8 7.3 6.9 6.7 6.4 Evaporator glide K 0.1 8.8 8.5 8.2 7.8 7.5 7.2 6.9 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 41.9 42.1 42.2 42.4 42.6 42.8 42.9 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 34.4 34.8 35.3 35.7 36.1 36.6 37.0 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 9.8 10.0 10.1 10.3 10.4 10.6 10.7 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 160.0 161.9 163.9 165.8 167.8 169.9 172.1 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 2.91 2.90 2.90 2.89 2.89 2.88 2.88 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 108.8 109.6 110.4 111.3 112.0 112.9 113.7 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 238 235 232 229 227 224 221 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 7.23 7.12 7.02 6.92 6.84 6.74 6.66 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 5258 5338 5418 5490 5561 5637 5707 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 156 152 149 145 142 139 136 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 32.9 33.0 33.1 33.1 33.1 33.2 33.2 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 166.6 167.7 168.3 169.1 169.3 169.8 169.9

    Example 20 (Quaternary Blends of R-1132a/CO.SUB.2./R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 4 Weight % of R-1132a and 5 Weight % of CO.SUB.2 .(R-744))

    [0156]

    TABLE-US-00025 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 R-744 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 55 53 51 49 47 45 43 Results R410A GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 103.0% 102.7% 102.5% 102.3% 102.1% 101.9% 101.7% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0%  96.0%  97.5%  98.9% 100.3% 101.7% 103.1% 104.4% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 2.2 3.0 3.9 4.8 5.6 6.5 7.4 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.54 3.53 3.52 3.51 3.50 3.49 3.49 Volumetric efficiency  94.5%  93.7%  93.7%  93.8%  93.9%  94.0%  94.0%  94.1% Condenser glide K 0.2 9.1 8.7 8.3 7.9 7.5 7.3 6.9 Evaporator glide K 0.1 8.4 8.1 7.8 7.5 7.2 6.9 6.6 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 41.6 41.8 42.0 42.1 42.4 42.5 42.6 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 32.2 32.7 33.1 33.6 34.0 34.4 34.8 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 9.1 9.3 9.4 9.6 9.7 9.9 10.0 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 162.4 164.3 166.3 168.3 170.3 172.5 174.6 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 2.97 2.96 2.95 2.95 2.94 2.94 2.93 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 107.7 108.6 109.4 110.3 111.1 112.1 112.9 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 234 231 229 226 223 220 218 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 7.58 7.46 7.35 7.25 7.16 7.06 6.97 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 5016 5093 5169 5244 5313 5387 5455 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 162 158 154 150 147 144 141 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 30.9 31.0 31.1 31.2 31.2 31.2 31.3 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 151.0 151.9 152.6 153.3 153.5 154.0 154.2

    Example 21 (Quaternary Blends of R-1132a/CO.SUB.2./R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 5 Weight % of R-1132a and 5 Weight % of CO.SUB.2 .(R-744))

    [0157]

    TABLE-US-00026 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 R-744 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 Results R410A GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 102.5% 102.3% 102.1% 101.9% 101.7% 101.5% 101.3% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0%  97.2%  98.6% 100.1% 101.6% 102.9% 104.3% 105.6% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 2.5 3.4 4.3 5.1 6.0 6.9 7.7 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.53 3.52 3.51 3.50 3.49 3.49 3.48 Volumetric efficiency  94.5%  93.7%  93.8%  93.8%  93.9%  94.0%  94.1%  94.1% Condenser glide K 0.2 9.1 8.6 8.3 8.0 7.5 7.3 6.9 Evaporator glide K 0.1 8.6 8.2 7.9 7.6 7.3 7.0 6.7 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.7 3.9 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 41.6 41.8 42.0 42.1 42.4 42.5 42.6 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 32.7 33.2 33.7 34.1 34.5 34.9 35.3 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 9.3 9.4 9.6 9.7 9.9 10.0 10.2 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 162.2 164.0 166.1 168.1 170.0 172.2 174.3 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 2.95 2.95 2.94 2.94 2.93 2.92 2.92 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 108.1 108.9 109.8 110.7 111.5 112.4 113.3 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 234 232 229 226 224 221 218 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 7.49 7.38 7.27 7.16 7.07 6.98 6.89 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 5077 5153 5231 5307 5375 5449 5519 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 160 156 152 149 146 142 139 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 31.3 31.4 31.5 31.6 31.6 31.6 31.7 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 154.2 155.0 155.9 156.5 156.8 157.3 157.4

    Example 22 (Quaternary Blends of R-1132a/CO.SUB.2./R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 6 Weight % of R-1132a and 5 Weight % of CO.SUB.2 .(R-744))

    [0158]

    TABLE-US-00027 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 R-744 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 53 51 49 47 45 43 41 Results R410A GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 102.0% 101.7% 101.5% 101.5% 101.2% 100.9% 101.0% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0%  98.3%  99.7% 101.2% 102.8% 104.0% 105.3% 106.8% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 2.9 3.8 4.7 5.5 6.3 7.2 8.1 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.53 3.52 3.51 3.50 3.49 3.48 3.48 Volumetric efficiency  94.5%  93.7%  93.8%  93.9%  93.9%  94.0%  94.1%  94.2% Condenser glide K 0.2 9.1 8.5 8.1 8.1 7.5 7.1 7.0 Evaporator glide K 0.1 8.7 8.4 8.1 7.8 7.4 7.1 6.8 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.8 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 41.6 41.9 42.1 42.1 42.4 42.6 42.6 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 33.2 33.7 34.2 34.6 35.0 35.5 35.9 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 9.4 9.6 9.7 9.9 10.0 10.2 10.3 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 161.9 163.7 165.6 168.0 169.8 171.7 174.1 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 2.94 2.93 2.93 2.93 2.92 2.91 2.91 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 108.5 109.3 110.2 111.0 111.8 112.8 113.6 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 235 232 230 226 224 221 218 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 7.40 7.30 7.19 7.07 6.99 6.91 6.81 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 5138 5210 5286 5374 5437 5504 5582 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 158 155 151 147 144 141 138 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 31.7 31.8 31.9 32.0 32.0 32.0 32.1 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 157.6 158.5 159.3 159.9 160.1 160.7 160.7

    Example 23 (Quaternary Blends of R-1132a/CO.SUB.2./R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 7 Weight % of R-1132a and 5 Weight % of CO.SUB.2 .(R-744))

    [0159]

    TABLE-US-00028 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 R-744 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 Results R410A GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 101.6% 101.3% 101.1% 101.0% 100.8% 100.7% 100.6% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0%  99.5% 101.0% 102.5% 103.9% 105.2% 106.6% 108.0% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 3.3 4.2 5.0 5.9 6.6 7.5 8.4 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.52 3.51 3.50 3.49 3.48 3.48 3.47 Volumetric efficiency  94.5%  93.7%  93.8%  93.9%  94.0%  94.0%  94.1%  94.2% Condenser glide K 0.2 9.0 8.6 8.2 7.9 7.4 7.1 7.0 Evaporator glide K 0.1 8.8 8.5 8.2 7.9 7.5 7.2 6.9 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.8 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 41.6 41.8 42.0 42.2 42.4 42.6 42.6 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 33.8 34.2 34.7 35.2 35.5 36.0 36.4 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 9.6 9.8 9.9 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.5 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 161.6 163.6 165.5 167.5 169.5 171.5 173.8 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 2.93 2.92 2.92 2.91 2.91 2.90 2.90 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 108.8 109.7 110.6 111.4 112.2 113.0 113.9 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 235 232 230 227 224 222 219 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 7.31 7.20 7.10 7.00 6.91 6.83 6.73 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 5199 5277 5354 5429 5498 5569 5645 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 157 153 149 146 143 140 136 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 32.2 32.3 32.3 32.4 32.4 32.5 32.5 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 161.0 162.0 162.8 163.5 163.6 163.9 164.1

    Example 24 (Quaternary Blends of R-1132a/CO.SUB.2./R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 8 Weight % of R-1132a and 5 Weight % of CO.SUB.2 .(R-744))

    [0160]

    TABLE-US-00029 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 R-744 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 51 49 47 45 43 41 39 Results R410A GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 101.1% 100.9% 100.8% 100.6% 100.5% 100.2% 100.1% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0% 100.6% 102.1% 103.8% 105.1% 106.5% 107.8% 109.1% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 3.7 4.5 5.3 6.2 7.0 7.9 8.7 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.51 3.50 3.50 3.49 3.48 3.47 3.46 Volumetric efficiency  94.5%  93.8%  93.8%  93.9%  94.0%  94.1%  94.1%  94.2% Condenser glide K 0.2 9.0 8.5 8.4 7.9 7.6 7.1 6.8 Evaporator glide K 0.1 9.0 8.6 8.3 8.0 7.6 7.3 7.0 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.7 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 41.6 41.9 41.9 42.2 42.3 42.5 42.7 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 34.3 34.7 35.2 35.7 36.1 36.5 36.9 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 9.8 9.9 10.1 10.2 10.4 10.5 10.6 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 161.3 163.2 165.4 167.3 169.3 171.3 173.4 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 2.91 2.91 2.91 2.90 2.90 2.89 2.88 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 109.2 110.0 110.9 111.7 112.5 113.4 114.2 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 236 233 230 227 225 222 219 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 7.23 7.13 7.01 6.92 6.83 6.75 6.67 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 5259 5334 5422 5491 5566 5634 5703 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 155 151 147 144 141 138 135 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 32.6 32.7 32.8 32.8 32.9 32.9 32.9 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 164.6 165.4 166.5 167.0 167.4 167.9 167.9

    Example 25 (Quaternary Blends of R-1132a/CO.SUB.2./R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 9 Weight % of R-1132a and 5 Weight % of CO.SUB.2 .(R-744))

    [0161]

    TABLE-US-00030 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 R-744 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf Results R410A 50 48 46 44 42 40 38 GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 100.7% 100.5% 100.3% 100.2% 99.8% 99.8% 99.6% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0% 101.8% 103.4% 104.8% 106.3% 107.5% 109.0% 110.2% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 4.0 4.9 5.6 6.4 7.3 8.2 9.0 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.51 3.50 3.49 3.48 3.47 3.47 3.46 Volumetric efficiency 94.5% 93.8% 93.9% 93.9% 94.0% 94.1% 94.2% 94.2% Condenser glide K 0.2 9.0 8.7 8.2 7.8 7.2 7.1 6.6 Evaporator glide K 0.1 9.1 8.7 8.4 8.1 7.7 7.4 7.1 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 41.6 41.8 42.0 42.2 42.5 42.6 42.8 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 34.8 35.3 35.7 36.2 36.6 37.0 37.4 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 9.9 10.1 10.2 10.4 10.5 10.7 10.8 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 161.1 163.1 164.9 167.0 168.7 170.9 172.9 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 2.90 2.90 2.89 2.89 2.88 2.88 2.87 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 109.5 110.4 111.2 112.0 112.9 113.7 114.5 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 236 233 230 228 225 222 220 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 7.14 7.03 6.94 6.85 6.77 6.68 6.60 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 5322 5404 5477 5554 5615 5694 5758 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 153 150 146 143 140 137 134 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.3 33.3 33.3 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 168.2 169.4 170.2 170.7 171.4 171.7 171.5

    Example 26 (Quaternary Blends of R-1132a/CO.SUB.2./R-32/R-1234yf Comprising 10 Weight % of R-1132a and 5 Weight % of CO.SUB.2 .(R-744))

    [0162]

    TABLE-US-00031 Nominal composition (weight %) R-1132a 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 R-744 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf R410A 49 47 45 43 41 39 37 GWP (AR4 basis) 2107 244 257 271 284 298 311 325 Cooling COP relative to reference 100.0% 100.1% 99.9% 99.8% 99.6% 99.5% 99.4% 99.3% Cooling Capacity relative to reference 100.0% 102.9% 104.3% 105.9% 107.3% 108.7% 110.1% 111.4% Compressor discharge temperature difference K 0.0 4.4 5.1 6.0 6.8 7.6 8.4 9.3 Pressure ratio 3.32 3.50 3.49 3.49 3.47 3.47 3.46 3.45 Volumetric efficiency 94.5% 93.8% 93.9% 94.0% 94.0% 94.1% 94.2% 94.3% Condenser glide K 0.2 8.8 8.3 8.0 7.6 7.3 7.0 6.7 Evaporator glide K 0.1 9.2 8.8 8.5 8.1 7.8 7.5 7.2 Evaporator inlet temperature ° C. 7.2 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.6 Condenser exit temperature ° C. 46.0 41.7 42.0 42.1 42.3 42.5 42.6 42.8 Condenser pressure bar 33.7 35.4 35.8 36.3 36.7 37.1 37.5 37.9 Evaporator pressure bar 10.2 10.1 10.3 10.4 10.6 10.7 10.9 11.0 Refrigeration effect kJ/kg 151.2 160.6 162.5 164.5 166.4 168.5 170.5 172.7 Coefficient of Performance (COP) 2.88 2.89 2.88 2.88 2.87 2.87 2.86 2.86 Discharge temperature ° C. 105.5 109.9 110.7 111.5 112.3 113.2 114.0 114.8 Mass flow rate kg/hr 251 237 234 231 229 226 223 220 Volumetric flow rate m.sup.3/hr 7.28 7.07 6.97 6.87 6.78 6.69 6.61 6.53 Volumetric cooling capacity kJ/m.sup.3 5226 5377 5452 5533 5605 5682 5753 5824 Suction line pressure drop Pa/m 163 152 149 145 142 139 136 133 Suction line gas density kg/m.sup.3 34.6 33.5 33.6 33.6 33.7 33.7 33.7 33.7 Condenser line gas density kg/m.sup.3 155.3 172.3 173.1 174.3 174.7 175.4 175.6 175.6

    Example 27 (Ternary Compositions Comprising 4, 5 and 6 Weight % of R-1132a)

    [0163]

    TABLE-US-00032 Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 60 58 56 54 52 50 48 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 R-32 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 R-1234yf 60.5 58.5 56.5 54.5 52.5 50.5 48.5 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 22.8% 22.2% 21.7% 21.1% 20.6% 20.0% 19.6% R-32 59.9% 61.6% 63.2% 64.7% 66.1% 67.5% 68.8% R-1234yf 17.3% 16.2% 15.2% 14.2% 13.3% 12.4% 11.6% Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 59 57 55 53 51 49 47 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 R-32 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 R-1234yf 59.5 57.5 55.5 53.5 51.5 49.5 47.5 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 26.6% 25.9% 25.3% 24.6% 24.0% 23.5% 23.0% R-32 57.2% 58.9% 60.5% 62.0% 63.4% 64.8% 66.1% R-1234yf 16.2% 15.2% 14.3% 13.4% 12.5% 11.7% 10.9% Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 58 56 54 52 50 48 46 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 R-32 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 R-1234yf 58.5 56.5 54.5 52.5 50.5 48.5 46.5 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 30.1% 29.3% 28.6% 28.0% 27.2% 26.7% 26.1% R-32 54.7% 56.4% 58.0% 59.5% 61.0% 62.3% 63.6% R-1234yf 15.3% 14.3% 13.4% 12.6% 11.8% 11.0% 10.3%

    Example 28 (Ternary Compositions Comprising 7 and 8 Weight % of R-1132a)

    [0164]

    TABLE-US-00033 Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 57 55 53 51 49 47 45 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 R-32 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 R-1234yf 57.5 55.5 53.5 51.5 49.5 47.5 45.5 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 33.2% 32.3% 31.6% 30.9% 30.3% 29.6% 29.0% R-32 52.5% 54.1% 55.7% 57.2% 58.7% 60.0% 61.3% R-1234yf 14.4% 13.5% 12.7% 11.9% 11.1% 10.4% 9.7% Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 R-32 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 R-1234yf 56.5 54.5 52.5 50.5 48.5 46.5 44.5 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 36.1% 35.3% 34.4% 33.8% 33.0% 32.3% 31.7% R-32 50.4% 52.0% 53.6% 55.1% 56.5% 57.9% 59.2% R-1234yf 13.6% 12.7% 11.9% 11.2% 10.5% 9.8% 9.1%

    Example 29 (Quaternary Compositions Comprising 3 Weight % CO.SUB.2.)

    [0165]

    TABLE-US-00034 Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 R-744 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 57 55 53 51 49 47 45 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 R-744 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 R-32 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 R-1234yf 58 56 54 52 50 48 46 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 18.2% 17.8% 17.4% 17.0% 16.6% 16.3% 16.0% R-744 20.5% 20.2% 19.8% 19.5% 19.2% 18.9% 18.6% R-32 48.1% 49.7% 51.2% 52.6% 54.0% 55.3% 56.5% R-1234yf 13.1% 12.3% 11.6% 10.9% 10.2% 9.5% 8.9% Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 R-744 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 R-744 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 R-32 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 R-1234yf 57 55 53 51 49 47 45 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 21.4% 20.9% 20.5% 20.1% 19.6% 19.2% 18.8% R-744 19.7% 19.4% 19.1% 18.8% 18.6% 18.3% 18.0% R-32 46.4% 47.9% 49.4% 50.8% 52.2% 53.5% 54.7% R-1234yf 12.4% 11.7% 11.0% 10.3% 9.6% 9.0% 8.4%

    Example 30 (Quaternary Compositions Comprising 3 Weight % CO.SUB.2.)

    [0166]

    TABLE-US-00035 Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 R-744 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 55 53 51 49 47 45 43 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 R-744 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 R-32 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 R-1234yf 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 24.4% 23.9% 23.4% 22.9% 22.4% 22.0% 21.5% R-744 19.0% 18.8% 18.5% 18.2% 18.0% 17.7% 17.5% R-32 44.8% 46.3% 47.8% 49.2% 50.5% 51.8% 53.0% R-1234yf 11.8% 11.1% 10.4% 9.8% 9.1% 8.6% 8.0% Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 R-744 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 R-744 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 R-32 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 R-1234yf 55 53 51 49 47 45 43 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 27.2% 26.6% 26.1% 25.5% 25.0% 24.5% 24.1% R-744 18.4% 18.1% 17.9% 17.6% 17.4% 17.2% 17.0% R-32 43.3% 44.8% 46.2% 47.6% 48.9% 50.2% 51.4% R-1234yf 11.2% 10.5% 9.9% 9.3% 8.7% 8.1% 7.6%

    Example 31 (Quaternary Compositions Comprising 3 Weight % CO.SUB.2.)

    [0167]

    TABLE-US-00036 Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 R-744 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 53 51 49 47 45 43 41 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 R-744 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 R-32 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 R-1234yf 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 29.7% 29.1% 28.6% 28.0% 27.5% 27.0% 26.5% R-744 17.8% 17.6% 17.3% 17.1% 16.9% 16.7% 16.5% R-32 41.9% 43.4% 44.8% 46.2% 47.5% 48.7% 49.9% R-1234yf 10.6% 10.0% 9.4% 8.8% 8.2% 7.7% 7.2% Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 R-744 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 R-744 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 R-32 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 R-1234yf 53 51 49 47 45 43 41 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 32.1% 31.5% 30.9% 30.3% 29.7% 29.2% 28.7% R-744 17.2% 17.0% 16.8% 16.5% 16.3% 16.1% 16.0% R-32 40.6% 42.1% 43.4% 44.8% 46.1% 47.3% 48.5% R-1234yf 10.1% 9.5% 8.9% 8.3% 7.8% 7.3% 6.8%

    Example 32 (Quaternary Compositions Comprising 3 Weight % CO.SUB.2.)

    [0168]

    TABLE-US-00037 Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 R-744 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 51 49 47 45 43 41 39 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 R-744 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 R-32 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 R-1234yf 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 34.4% 33.7% 33.1% 32.5% 31.9% 31.3% 30.8% R-744 16.7% 16.5% 16.3% 16.1% 15.9% 15.7% 15.6% R-32 39.3% 40.8% 42.2% 43.5% 44.8% 46.0% 47.2% R-1234yf 9.6% 9.0% 8.4% 7.9% 7.4% 6.9% 6.4%

    Example 33 (Quaternary Compositions Comprising 4 weight % CO.SUB.2 .(R-744))

    [0169]

    TABLE-US-00038 Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 R-744 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 R-744 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 R-32 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 R-1234yf 57 55 53 51 49 47 45 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 16.8% 16.5% 16.1% 15.8% 15.4% 15.1% 14.8% R-744 26.6% 26.2% 25.8% 25.4% 25.1% 24.7% 24.4% R-32 44.6% 46.1% 47.6% 48.9% 50.3% 51.5% 52.7% R-1234yf 11.9% 11.2% 10.5% 9.9% 9.2% 8.7% 8.1%

    Example 34 (Quaternary Compositions Comprising 4 Weight % CO.SUB.2.)

    [0170]

    TABLE-US-00039 Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 R-744 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 55 53 51 49 47 45 43 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 R-744 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 R-32 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 R-1234yf 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 19.9% 19.4% 19.0% 18.6% 18.3% 17.9% 17.6% R-744 25.7% 25.3% 25.0% 24.6% 24.3% 23.9% 23.6% R-32 43.2% 44.6% 46.0% 47.4% 48.7% 50.0% 51.2% R-1234yf 11.3% 10.6% 10.0% 9.4% 8.8% 8.2% 7.7% Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 R-744 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 R-744 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 R-32 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 R-1234yf 55 53 51 49 47 45 43 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 22.7% 22.2% 21.8% 21.3% 20.9% 20.5% 20.1% R-744 24.9% 24.5% 24.2% 23.9% 23.5% 23.2% 22.9% R-32 41.8% 43.2% 44.6% 46.0% 47.3% 48.5% 49.7% R-1234yf 10.7% 10.1% 9.5% 8.9% 8.3% 7.8% 7.3%

    Example 35 (Quaternary Compositions Comprising 4 Weight % CO.SUB.2.)

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    TABLE-US-00040 Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 R-744 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 53 51 49 47 45 43 41 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 R-744 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 R-32 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 R-1234yf 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 25.3% 24.8% 24.3% 23.8% 23.4% 23.0% 22.5% R-744 24.1% 23.8% 23.4% 23.1% 22.8% 22.6% 22.3% R-32 40.5% 41.9% 43.3% 44.6% 45.9% 47.1% 48.3% R-1234yf 10.2% 9.6% 9.0% 8.4% 7.9% 7.4% 6.9% Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 R-744 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 R-744 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 R-32 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 R-1234yf 53 51 49 47 45 43 41 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 27.8% 27.2% 26.7% 26.2% 25.7% 25.2% 24.8% R-744 23.3% 23.0% 22.7% 22.5% 22.1% 21.9% 21.6% R-32 39.2% 40.7% 42.0% 43.3% 44.6% 45.8% 47.0% R-1234yf 9.7% 9.1% 8.6% 8.0% 7.5% 7.0% 6.6%

    Example 36 (Quaternary Compositions Comprising 4 Weight % CO.SUB.2.)

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    TABLE-US-00041 Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 R-744 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 51 49 47 45 43 41 39 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 R-744 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 R-32 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 R-1234yf 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 30.1% 29.5% 29.0% 28.4% 27.9% 27.4% 26.9% R-744 22.7% 22.3% 22.1% 21.8% 21.6% 21.3% 21.1% R-32 38.1% 39.5% 40.8% 42.1% 43.4% 44.6% 45.7% R-1234yf 9.2% 8.7% 8.1% 7.6% 7.1% 6.7% 6.2% Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 R-744 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 50 48 46 44 42 40 38 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 R-744 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 R-32 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 R-1234yf 51 49 47 45 43 41 39 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 32.3% 31.6% 31.1% 30.6% 30.0% 29.5% 29.0% R-744 22.0% 21.7% 21.5% 21.3% 21.0% 20.8% 20.5% R-32 37.0% 38.4% 39.7% 41.0% 42.2% 43.4% 44.6% R-1234yf 8.8% 8.3% 7.7% 7.3% 6.8% 6.3% 5.9%

    Example 37 (Quaternary Compositions Comprising 5 Weight % CO.SUB.2.)

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    TABLE-US-00042 Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 R-744 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 55 53 51 49 47 45 43 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 R-744 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 R-32 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 R-1234yf 56 54 52 50 48 46 44 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 15.6% 15.3% 15.0% 14.7% 14.4% 14.1% 13.9% R-744 31.9% 31.4% 31.0% 30.6% 30.2% 29.8% 29.4% R-32 41.6% 43.1% 44.4% 45.8% 47.0% 48.2% 49.4% R-1234yf 10.8% 10.2% 9.6% 9.0% 8.4% 7.9% 7.4% Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 R-744 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 R-744 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 R-32 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 R-1234yf 55 53 51 49 47 45 43 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 18.5% 18.1% 17.8% 17.4% 17.1% 16.8% 16.4% R-744 30.9% 30.5% 30.1% 29.7% 29.3% 28.9% 28.5% R-32 40.3% 41.7% 43.1% 44.4% 45.7% 46.9% 48.0% R-1234yf 10.3% 9.7% 9.1% 8.5% 8.0% 7.5% 7.0%

    Example 38 (Quaternary Compositions Comprising 5 Weight % CO.SUB.2.)

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    TABLE-US-00043 Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 R-744 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 53 51 49 47 45 43 41 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 R-744 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 R-32 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 R-1234yf 54 52 50 48 46 44 42 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 21.2% 20.7% 20.3% 20.0% 19.6% 19.2% 18.9% R-744 29.9% 29.5% 29.2% 28.8% 28.4% 28.1% 27.8% R-32 39.1% 40.5% 41.9% 43.2% 44.4% 45.6% 46.7% R-1234yf 9.8% 9.2% 8.7% 8.1% 7.6% 7.1% 6.6% Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 R-744 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 R-744 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 R-32 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 R-1234yf 53 51 49 47 45 43 41 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 23.7% 23.2% 22.8% 22.4% 21.9% 21.6% 21.2% R-744 29.1% 28.7% 28.3% 28.0% 27.7% 27.3% 27.0% R-32 38.0% 39.4% 40.7% 42.0% 43.2% 44.4% 45.5% R-1234yf 9.3% 8.8% 8.2% 7.7% 7.2% 6.8% 6.3%

    Example 39 (Quaternary Compositions Comprising 5 Weight % CO.SUB.2.)

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    TABLE-US-00044 Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 R-744 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 R-32 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 R-1234yf 51 49 47 45 43 41 39 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 8.5 R-744 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 R-32 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 R-1234yf 52 50 48 46 44 42 40 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 26.0% 25.5% 25.0% 24.6% 24.2% 23.8% 23.4% R-744 28.1% 27.9% 27.5% 27.2% 26.9% 26.6% 26.3% R-32 36.9% 38.3% 39.6% 40.8% 42.0% 43.2% 44.3% R-1234yf 8.9% 8.4% 7.9% 7.4% 6.9% 6.4% 6.0% Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 R-744 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 R-32 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 R-1234yf 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 R-744 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 R-32 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 R-1234yf 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 25.9% 25.9% 25.9% 25.9% 25.9% 25.9% 25.9% R-744 26.0% 26.0% 26.0% 26.0% 26.0% 26.0% 26.0% R-32 42.1% 42.1% 42.1% 42.1% 42.1% 42.1% 42.1% R-1234yf 6.1% 6.1% 6.1% 6.1% 6.1% 6.1% 6.1%

    Example 40 (Quaternary Compositions Comprising 5 Weight % CO.SUB.2.)

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    TABLE-US-00045 Nominal composition (% mass) R-1132a 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 R-744 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 R-32 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 R-1234yf 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 Worst-Case Formulation (% mass) R-1132a 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.5 R-744 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 R-32 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 R-1234yf 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 Worst-Case Flammable Formulation (% volume) R-1132a 27.8% 27.8% 27.8% 27.8% 27.8% 27.8% 27.8% R-744 25.3% 25.3% 25.3% 25.3% 25.3% 25.3% 25.3% R-32 41.1% 41.1% 41.1% 41.1% 41.1% 41.1% 41.1% R-1234yf 5.8% 5.8% 5.8% 5.8% 5.8% 5.8% 5.8%