BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AND AZA-BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES AS JANUS KINASE 2 INHIBITORS AND USES THEREOF

Abstract

The present disclosure provides compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, tautomers, stereoisomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, and prodrugs thereof. The provided compounds may be kinase (e.g., Janus kinase (JAK), e.g., Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)) inhibitors. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions and kits including the provided compounds. Further provided are methods of using the provided compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and kits (e.g., for treating a disease (e.g., proliferative disease) in a subject in need thereof).

Claims

1. A compound of Formula (I): ##STR00115## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein: Y is —NR.sup.AR.sup.B, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, —OR.sup.a, —SR.sup.a, —CN, —SCN, —C(═NR.sup.a)R.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)OR.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —C(═O)R.sup.a, —C(═O)OR.sup.a, —NO.sub.2, —NR.sup.aC(═O)R.sup.a, —NR.sup.aC(═O)OR.sup.a, —NR.sup.aC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —OC(═O)R.sup.a, —OC(═O)OR.sup.a, or —OC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2; each instance of R.sup.a is independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, or an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or two instances of R.sup.a are joined to form substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; R.sup.A is-C(═O)R.sup.a, —C(═O)OR.sup.a, —C(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or a nitrogen protecting group; R.sup.B is hydrogen, —C(═O)R.sup.a, —C(═O)OR.sup.a, —C(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group; each instance of R.sup.C is independently hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, —OR.sup.a, —N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —SR.sup.a, —CN, —SCN, —C(═NR.sup.a)R.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)OR.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —C(═O)R.sup.a, —C(═O)OR.sup.a, —C(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —NO.sub.2, —NR.sup.aC(═O)R.sup.a, —NR.sup.aC(═O)OR.sup.a, —NR.sup.aC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —OC(═O)R.sup.a, —OC(═O)OR.sup.a, or —OC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2; each instance of X is independently C or N, provided that: only 0, 1, 2, or 3 instances of X are N; and ##STR00116## is a 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring; when attached to a carbon atom, each instance of R.sup.D is independently hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, —OR.sup.a, —N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —SR.sup.a, —CN, —SCN, —C(═NR.sup.a)R.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)OR.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —C(═O)R.sup.a, —C(═O)OR.sup.a, —C(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —NO.sub.2, —NR.sup.aC(═O)R.sup.a, —NR.sup.aC(═O)OR.sup.a, —NR.sup.aC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —OC(═O)R.sup.a, —OC(═O)OR.sup.a, or —OC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2; when attached to a nitrogen atom, each instance of R.sup.D is independently hydrogen, —C(═NR.sup.a)R.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)OR.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —C(═O)R.sup.a, —C(═O)OR.sup.a, —C(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or a nitrogen protecting group; m is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, as valency permits; R.sup.F is hydrogen, —C(═O)R.sup.a, —C(═O)OR.sup.a, —C(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group; each instance of R.sup.H is independently halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, —OR.sup.a, —N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —SR.sup.a, —CN, —SCN, —C(═NR.sup.a)R.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)OR.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —C(═O)R.sup.a, —C(═O)OR.sup.a, —C(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —NO.sub.2, —NR.sup.aC(═O)R.sup.a, —NR.sup.aC(═O)OR.sup.a, —NR.sup.aC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —OC(═O)R.sup.a, —OC(═O)OR.sup.a, or —OC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2; and n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; provided that the compound is not of the formula: ##STR00117##

2. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein Y is —NR.sup.AR.sup.B, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, —CN, —C(═NR.sup.a)R.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)OR.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —C(═O)R.sup.a, —C(═O)OR.sup.a, —NO.sub.2, —NR.sup.aC(═O)R.sup.a, —NR.sup.aC(═O)OR.sup.a, or —NR.sup.aC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2.

3. The compound of claim 1 or 2, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein Y is —NR.sup.AR.sup.B.

4. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00118##

5. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00119##

6. The compound of any one of claims 1-3 and 5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00120##

7. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00121##

8. The compound of any one of claims 1-3 and 7, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00122##

9. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00123##

10. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00124##

11. The compound of any one of claims 1-3 and 10, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00125##

12. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00126## wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 3-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl).

13. The compound of any one of claims 1-3 and 12, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00127## wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 3-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl).

14. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00128## wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 4-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl).

15. The compound of any one of claims 1-3 and 14, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00129## wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 4-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl).

16. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00130## wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 3-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl).

17. The compound of any one of claims 1-3 and 16, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00131## wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 3-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl).

18. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00132## wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 4-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl).

19. The compound of any one of claims 1-3 and 18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00133## wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 4-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl).

20. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00134## wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 3-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl).

21. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00135## wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 4-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl).

22. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00136## wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 3-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl).

23. The compound of any one of claims 1-3 and 22, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00137## wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 3-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl).

24. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00138## wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 4-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl).

25. The compound of any one of claims 1-3 and 24, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00139## wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 4-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl).

26. The compound of any one of claims 1-25, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein R.sup.A is —C(═O)R.sup.a.

27. The compound of any one of claims 1-25, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein R.sup.A is —C(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl).

28. The compound of any one of claims 1-25, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein R.sup.A is —C(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-3 alkyl).

29. The compound of any one of claims 1-25, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein R.sup.A is —C(═O)CH.sub.3.

30. The compound of any one of claims 1-29, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein R.sup.B is hydrogen.

31. The compound of any one of claims 1-30, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein each instance of R.sup.C is hydrogen.

32. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, 5-6, and 26-31, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein ##STR00140##

33. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, 5-6, and 26-31, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein ##STR00141##

34. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, 5-6, and 26-31, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein ##STR00142## wherein the instance of R.sup.D at the 4-position of Ring B is halogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl.

35. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, 5-6, and 26-31, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein ##STR00143## wherein the instance of R.sup.D at the 4-position of Ring B is halogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl.

36. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, 7-8, and 26-31, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein ##STR00144##

37. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, 7-8, and 26-31, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein ##STR00145##

38. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, 9, and 26-31, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein ##STR00146##

39. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, 10-11, and 26-31, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein ##STR00147##

40. The compound of any one of claims 1-3, 10-11, and 26-31, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein ##STR00148##

41. The compound of any one of claims 1-40, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein at least one instance of R.sup.D attached to a carbon atom is hydrogen.

42. The compound of any one of claims 1-41, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein at least one instance of R.sup.D attached to a carbon atom is halogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl.

43. The compound of any one of claims 1-42, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein at least one instance of R.sup.D attached to a carbon atom is halogen or substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-3 alkyl.

44. The compound of any one of claims 1-43, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein at least one instance of R.sup.D attached to a carbon atom is —CH.sub.3.

45. The compound of any one of claims 1-44, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein at least one instance of R.sup.D attached to a nitrogen atom is hydrogen.

46. The compound of any one of claims 1-45, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein at least one instance of R.sup.D attached to a nitrogen atom is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl.

47. The compound of claim 46, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein at least one instance of R.sup.D attached to a nitrogen atom is substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-3 alkyl.

48. The compound of any one of claims 46-47, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein at least one instance of R.sup.D attached to a nitrogen atom is —CH.sub.3.

49. The compound of any one of claims 1-48, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein R.sup.F is hydrogen.

50. The compound of any one of claims 1-49, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein ##STR00149##

51. The compound of any one of claims 1-49, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein ##STR00150## wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 3-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl).

52. The compound of any one of claims 1-49, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein ##STR00151## wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 4-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl).

53. The compound of any one of claims 1-52, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein: at least one instance of R.sup.H is halogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; and n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

54. The compound of claim 53, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein at least one instance of R.sup.H is halogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl.

55. The compound of claim 53, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein at least one instance of R.sup.H is halogen or —CF.sub.3.

56. The compound of claim 53, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein at least one instance of R.sup.H is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl).

57. The compound of claim 53, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein at least one instance of R.sup.H is -(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising in the heterocyclic system 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen).

58. The compound of claim 53, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein at least one instance of R.sup.H is -(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted piperazinyl).

59. The compound of claim 53, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein at least one instance of R.sup.H is ##STR00152##

60. The compound of any one of claims 1-59, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5.

61. The compound of claim 60, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein n is 2.

62. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00153## ##STR00154## ##STR00155##

63. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00156##

64. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00157##

65. The compound of claim 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein the compound is of the formula: ##STR00158## ##STR00159##

66. The compound of any one of claims 1-65, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof.

67. The compound of any one of claims 1-65, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

68. A pharmaceutical composition comprising: a compound of any one of claims 1-67, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof; and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

69. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 68 further comprising an additional pharmaceutical agent.

70. A method of treating a disease in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-67, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 68 or 69.

71. The method of claim 70, wherein the disease is a disease associated with overexpression and/or aberrant activity of a kinase.

72. The method of claim 70 or 71 further comprising administering to the subject in need thereof an additional therapy.

73. The method of claim 72, wherein the additional therapy is a cytotoxic chemotherapy, epigenetic modifier, glucocorticoid, or immunotherapy.

74. The method of any one of claims 70-73, wherein the disease is a proliferative disease.

75. The method of claim 74, wherein the proliferative disease is cancer.

76. The method of claim 75, wherein the cancer is an adenocarcinoma, blastoma, carcinoma, leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, or sarcoma.

77. The method of claim 75, wherein the cancer is brain cancer.

78. The method of claim 75, wherein the cancer is pancreatic cancer.

79. The method of claim 75, wherein the cancer is leukemia or lymphoma.

80. The method of claim 75, wherein the cancer is essential thrombocythemia.

81. The method of claim 75, wherein the cancer is myelofibrosis, myeloproliferative neoplasm, myeloid malignancy, or polycythemia vera.

82. The method of claim 74, wherein the proliferative disease is a benign neoplasm, inflammatory disease, autoimmune disease, or pathological angiogenesis.

83. The method of claim 82, wherein the proliferative disease is an autoimmune disease, wherein the autoimmune disease is psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, graft-versus-host disease, alopecia, alopecia universalis, or vitiligo.

84. The method of any one of claims 70-73, wherein the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.

85. The method of any one of claims 70-73, wherein the disease is a premalignant condition.

86. The method of claim 85, wherein the premalignant condition is clonal hematopoiesis.

87. The method of any one of claims 70-86, wherein the disease is causing a syndrome of wasting that comprises weight loss as a symptom.

88. A method of inhibiting the activity of a kinase in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-67, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 68 or 69.

89. The method of any one of claims 70-88, wherein the subject is a human.

90. The method of any one of claims 70-88, wherein the subject is a non-human mammal.

91. The method of claim 90, wherein the non-human mammal is a dog.

92. A method of inhibiting the activity of a kinase in a biological sample or cell, the method comprising contacting the biological sample or cell with an effective amount of a compound of any one of claims 1-67, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 68 or 69.

93. The method of claim 92, wherein the biological sample or cell is in vitro.

94. The method of claim 92 or 93, wherein the cell is a malignant cell or premalignant cell.

95. The method of any one of claims 71-94, wherein the kinase is a Janus kinase (JAK), ABL1, CDC2L1, CDC2L2, CSF1R, DDR1, DDR2, FLT4, KIT, PDGFRB, RET, TAOK2, or a combination thereof.

96. The method of claim 95, wherein the kinase is a Janus kinase (JAK).

97. The method of claim 96, wherein the JAK is Janus kinase 2 (JAK2).

98. The method of claim 96, wherein the JAK is Janus kinase 1 (JAK1).

99. The method of claim 96, wherein the JAK is Janus kinase 3 (JAK3).

100. The method of claim 96, wherein the JAK is tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2).

101. The method of any one of claims 71-100, wherein the kinase is a wild type kinase or mutant kinase.

102. A kit comprising: a compound of any one of claims 1-67, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition of claim 68 or 69; and instructions for using the compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0095] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of this specification, illustrate several embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0096] FIG. 1. Exemplary Western blot results illustrating JAK2/STAT5 inhibition by select compounds of the present disclosure. Ba/F3 CRLF2 IL7R JAK2 R683G cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of compound I-2 or I-6 for 4 hours. Cell pellets were lysed with Cell Lysis Buffer (Cell Signaling Technology), and then immunoblotting was performed with pJAK2 (#3771), pSTAT5 (#4322), c-Myc (#9402), JAK2 (#3230), STAT5 (#9363 or 94205), and β-actin (#4967 or 12620) antibodies from Cell Signaling Technology.

[0097] FIG. 2. Exemplary Western blot results illustrating JAK2/STAT5 inhibition by select compounds of the present disclosure. SET2 Naïve cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of compound I-4, I-7, I-8, I-9, I-5, or I-2 for 4 hours. Cell pellets were lysed with Cell Lysis Buffer (Cell Signaling Technology) and then immunoblotting was performed with pJAK2 (#3771), pSTAT5 (#4322), JAK2 (#3230), and STAT5 (#9363 or 94205) antibodies from Cell Signaling Technology.

[0098] FIG. 3. Exemplary cell viability assay results of select compounds of the present disclosure. Ba/F3 CRLF2 IL7R R683G cells were plated at a density of 0.1×10.sup.6/mL followed by the addition of CHZ868, compound I-6 or I-2, or vehicle (DMSO) control. After 48 hrs (Ba/F3 cells), 25 (IL of a 1:2 dilution of CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay (Promega) was added to each well, and the plates were read by the 2104 EnVision Multilabel Reader (PerkinElmer). “log [Drug (M)]” refers to log(concentration of CHZ868, compound I-6, or compound I-2, in molar).

[0099] FIG. 4. Exemplary cell viability assay results of select compounds of the present disclosure. Ba/F3 EpoR JAK2 V617F cells were plated at a density of 0.1×10.sup.6/mL followed by the addition of CHZ868, compound I-6 or I-2, or vehicle (DMSO) control. After 48 hrs (Ba/F3 cells), 25 μL of a 1:2 dilution of CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay (Promega) was added to each well and plates were read by the 2104 EnVision Multilabel Reader (PerkinElmer). “log [Drug (M)]” refers to log(concentration of CHZ868, compound I-6, or compound I-2, in molar).

[0100] FIG. 5. Exemplary cell viability assay results of select compounds of the present disclosure. Ba/F3 TEL-JAK2d cells were plated at a density of 0.1×10.sup.6/mL followed by the addition of CHZ868, compound I-6 or I-2, or vehicle (DMSO) control. After 48 hrs (Ba/F3 cells), 25 μL of a 1:2 dilution of CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay (Promega) was added to each well and plates were read by the 2104 EnVision Multilabel Reader (PerkinElmer). “log [Drug (M)]” refers to log(concentration of CHZ868, compound I-6, or compound I-2, in molar).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0101] Kinases are implicated in a range of diseases, such as proliferative diseases. Provided herein are compounds of Formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, hydrates, polymorphs, co-crystals, tautomers, stereoisomers, isotopically labeled derivatives, and prodrugs thereof. The provided compounds may be kinase inhibitors. In certain embodiments, the kinase being targeted is a Janus kinase (JAK), ABL1, CDC2L1, CDC2L2, CSF1R, DDR1, DDR2, FLT4, KIT, PDGFRB, RET, or TAOK2. In certain embodiments, the kinase being targeted is JAK (e.g., JAK2). Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions and kits comprising the provided compounds. Further provided are methods of using the provided compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and kits for treating a disease in a subject in need thereof. In certain embodiments, the disease is a proliferative disease. Further provided are methods of using the provided compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and kits for inhibiting the activity of a kinase in a subject in need thereof or in a biological sample or cell.

Compounds and Methods of Preparing the Compounds

[0102] In one aspect of the present invention, provided are compounds of Formula (I):

##STR00008##

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof, wherein:

[0103] Y is —NR.sup.AR.sup.B, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, —OR.sup.a, —SR.sup.a, —CN, —SCN, —C(═NR.sup.a)R.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)OR.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —C(═O)R.sup.a, —C(═O)OR.sup.a, —NO.sub.2, —NR.sup.aC(═O)R.sup.a, —NR.sup.aC(═O)OR.sup.a, —NR.sup.aC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —OC(═O)R.sup.a, —OC(═O)OR.sup.a, or —OC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2;

[0104] each instance of R.sup.a is independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a nitrogen protecting group when attached to a nitrogen atom, or an oxygen protecting group when attached to an oxygen atom, or two instances of R.sup.a are joined to form substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl or substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl;

[0105] R.sup.A is —C(═O)R.sup.a, —C(═O)OR.sup.a, —C(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or a nitrogen protecting group;

[0106] R.sup.B is hydrogen, —C(═O)R.sup.a, —C(═O)OR.sup.a, —C(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group;

[0107] each instance of R.sup.C is independently hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, —OR.sup.a, —N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —SR.sup.a, —CN, —SCN, —C(═NR.sup.a)R.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)OR.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —C(═O)R.sup.a, —C(═O)OR.sup.a, —C(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —NO.sub.2, —NR.sup.aC(═O)R.sup.a, —NR.sup.aC(═O)OR.sup.a, —NR.sup.aC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —OC(═O)R.sup.a, —OC(═O)OR.sup.a, or —OC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2;

[0108] each instance of X is independently C or N, provided that: [0109] only 0, 1, 2, or 3 instances of X are N; and

##STR00009##

is a 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring;

[0110] when attached to a carbon atom, each instance of R.sup.D is independently hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, —OR.sup.a, —N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —SR.sup.a, —CN, —SCN, —C(═NR.sup.a)R.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)OR.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —C(═O)R.sup.a, —C(═O)OR.sup.a, —C(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —NO.sub.2, —NR.sup.aC(═O)R.sup.a, —NR.sup.aC(═O)OR.sup.a, —NR.sup.aC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —OC(═O)R.sup.a, —OC(═O)OR.sup.a, or —OC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2;

[0111] when attached to a nitrogen atom, each instance of R.sup.D is independently hydrogen, —C(═NR.sup.a)R.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)OR.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —C(═O)R.sup.a, —C(═O)OR.sup.a, —C(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, or a nitrogen protecting group;

[0112] m is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, as valency permits;

[0113] R.sup.F is hydrogen, —C(═O)R.sup.a, —C(═O)OR.sup.a, —C(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, or a nitrogen protecting group;

[0114] each instance of R.sup.H is independently halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, —OR.sup.a, —N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —SR.sup.a, —CN, —SCN, —C(═NR.sup.a)R.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)OR.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —C(═O)R.sup.a, —C(═O)OR.sup.a, —C(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —NO.sub.2, —NR.sup.aC(═O)R.sup.a, —NR.sup.aC(═O)OR.sup.a, —NR.sup.aC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —OC(═O)R.sup.a, —OC(═O)OR.sup.a, or —OC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2; and

[0115] n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5;

[0116] provided that the compound is not of the formula:

##STR00010##

[0117] In Formula (I),

##STR00011##

is Ring A. Ring A includes the substituent Y. In certain embodiments, Y is —NR.sup.AR.sup.B, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, —CN, —C(═NR.sup.a)R.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)OR.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —C(═O)R.sup.a, —C(═O)OR.sup.a, —NO.sub.2, —NR.sup.aC(═O)R.sup.a, —NR.sup.aC(═O)OR.sup.a, or —NR.sup.aC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2. In certain embodiments, Y is —NR.sup.AR.sup.B. In certain embodiments, Y is —NR.sup.AH. In certain embodiments, Y is —NH.sub.2. In certain embodiments, Y is not —NH.sub.2. In certain embodiments, Y is unsubstituted alkyl. In certain embodiments, Y is unsubstituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl (e.g., Me). In certain embodiments, Y is substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl. In certain embodiments, Y is substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted vinyl or substituted or unsubstituted allyl). In certain embodiments, Y is substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl. In certain embodiments, Y is substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted ethynyl). In certain embodiments, Y is substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, 3- to 7-membered carbocyclyl comprising 0, 1, or 2 double bonds in the carbocyclic ring system, as valency permits). In certain embodiments, Y is substituted or unsubstituted cyclopropyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclobutyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexyl, or substituted or unsubstituted cycloheptyl. In certain embodiments, Y is substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted, 3- to 7-membered, monocyclic heterocyclyl). In certain embodiments, Y is substituted or unsubstituted oxetanyl, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydrofuranyl, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydropyranyl, substituted or unsubstituted azetidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted piperidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted morpholinyl, or substituted or unsubstituted piperazinyl. In certain embodiments, Y is substituted or unsubstituted aryl. In certain embodiments, Y is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. In certain embodiments, Y is substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl. In certain embodiments, Y is substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, Y is substituted or unsubstituted, 5- to 6-membered, monocyclic heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, Y is substituted or unsubstituted furanyl, substituted or unsubstituted thienyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolyl, substituted or unsubstituted imidazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted oxazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted isoxazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted thiazolyl, or substituted or unsubstituted isothiazolyl. In certain embodiments, Y is substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl, or substituted or unsubstituted pyridazinyl. In certain embodiments, Y is substituted or unsubstituted, 9- to 10-membered, bicyclic heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, Y is —OR.sup.a (e.g., —OH, —O(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl) (e.g., —OMe, —OCF.sub.3, —OEt, —OPr, —OBu, or —OBn), or —O(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl) (e.g., —OPh)). In certain embodiments, Y is —OH. In certain embodiments, Y is not —OH. In certain embodiments, Y is —OMe. In certain embodiments, Y is —SR.sup.a (e.g., —SH, —S(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl) (e.g., —SMe, —SCF.sub.3, —SEt, —SPr, —SBu, or —SBn), or —S(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl) (e.g., —SPh)). In certain embodiments, Y is —CN or —SCN. In certain embodiments, Y is —NO.sub.2. In certain embodiments, Y is —C(═NR.sup.a)R.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)OR.sup.a, or —C(═NR.sup.a)N(R.sup.a).sub.2. In certain embodiments, Y is —C(═O)R.sup.a (e.g., —C(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl) (e.g., —C(═O)Me) or —C(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)). In certain embodiments, Y is —C(═O)OR.sup.a. In certain embodiments, Y is —C(═O)OH. In certain embodiments, Y is —C(═O)O(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl) (e.g., —C(═O)OMe). In certain embodiments, Y is —C(═O)O(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl). In certain embodiments, Y is —NR.sup.aC(═O)R.sup.a (e.g., —NHC(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl) (e.g., —NHC(═O)Me) or —NHC(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)). In certain embodiments, Y is —NHC(═O)(unsubstituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl). In certain embodiments, Y is —NHC(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl). In certain embodiments, Y is —NHC(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl). In certain embodiments, Y is —NR.sup.aC(═O)OR.sup.a. In certain embodiments, Y is —NR.sup.aC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2 (e.g., —NHC(═O)NH.sub.2, —NHC(═O)NH(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl) (e.g., —NHC(═O)NHMe)). In certain embodiments, Y is —OC(═O)R.sup.a (e.g., —OC(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl) or —OC(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)), —OC(═O)OR.sup.a (e.g., —OC(═O)O(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl) or —OC(═O)O(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)), or —OC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2 (e.g., —OC(═O)NH.sub.2, —OC(═O)NH(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl), —OC(═O)NH(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl), —OC(═O)N(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl)-(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl), or —OC(═O)N(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)-(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl)).

[0118] In certain embodiments, Y is not —C(═O)OR.sup.a. In certain embodiments, Y is not —C(═O)OH.

[0119] When Formula (I) includes two or more instances of a moiety, unless otherwise provided, any two instances of the moiety may be the same or different from each other. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, each instance of R.sup.a is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is not hydrogen. In certain embodiments, no instance of R.sup.a is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is substituted alkyl (e.g., alkyl substituted with one or more instances of halogen (e.g., F)). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is unsubstituted alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is Me. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is Et, Pr, or Bu. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is substituted methyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is substituted ethyl, substituted propyl, or substituted butyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted vinyl or substituted or unsubstituted allyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted ethynyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, 3- to 7-membered carbocyclyl comprising 0, 1, or 2 double bonds in the carbocyclic ring system, as valency permits). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is substituted or unsubstituted cyclopropyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclobutyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexyl, or substituted or unsubstituted cycloheptyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted, 3- to 7-membered, monocyclic heterocyclyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is substituted or unsubstituted oxetanyl, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydrofuranyl, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydropyranyl, substituted or unsubstituted azetidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted piperidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted morpholinyl, or substituted or unsubstituted piperazinyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is substituted or unsubstituted aryl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is substituted or unsubstituted, 5- to 6-membered, monocyclic heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is substituted or unsubstituted furanyl, substituted or unsubstituted thienyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolyl, substituted or unsubstituted imidazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted oxazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted isoxazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted thiazolyl, or substituted or unsubstituted isothiazolyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl, or substituted or unsubstituted pyridazinyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is substituted or unsubstituted, 9- to 10-membered, bicyclic heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is a nitrogen protecting group (e.g., Bn, Boc, Cbz, Fmoc, trifluoroacetyl, triphenylmethyl, acetyl, or Ts) when attached to a nitrogen atom. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.a is an oxygen protecting group (e.g., silyl, TBDPS, TBDMS, TIPS, TES, TMS, MOM, THP, t-Bu, Bn, allyl, acetyl, pivaloyl, or benzoyl) when attached to an oxygen atom. In certain embodiments, two instances of R.sup.a are joined to form substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted, 3- to 7-membered, monocyclic heterocyclyl). In certain embodiments, two instances of R.sup.a are joined to form substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted, 5- to 6-membered, monocyclic heteroaryl).

[0120] When Y is —NR.sup.AR.sup.B, Formula (I) includes the substituent R.sup.A on a nitrogen atom. In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is not hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is —C(═O)R.sup.a. In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is —C(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl). In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is —C(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkyl) (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted methyl). In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is —C(═O)CH.sub.3. In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is —C(═O)OR.sup.a (e.g., —C(═O)O(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl)). In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is —C(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2 (e.g., wherein one instance of R.sup.a is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and the other instance of R.sup.a is hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl). In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl). In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is Me. In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is Et, Pr, or Bu. In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is substituted methyl. In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is substituted ethyl, substituted propyl, or substituted butyl. In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl. In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted vinyl or substituted or unsubstituted allyl). In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl. In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted ethynyl). In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, 3- to 7-membered carbocyclyl comprising 0, 1, or 2 double bonds in the carbocyclic ring system, as valency permits). In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is substituted or unsubstituted cyclopropyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclobutyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexyl, or substituted or unsubstituted cycloheptyl. In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted, 3- to 7-membered, monocyclic heterocyclyl). In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is substituted or unsubstituted oxetanyl, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydrofuranyl, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydropyranyl, substituted or unsubstituted azetidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted piperidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted morpholinyl, or substituted or unsubstituted piperazinyl. In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is substituted or unsubstituted aryl. In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl. In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is substituted or unsubstituted, 5- to 6-membered, monocyclic heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is substituted or unsubstituted furanyl, substituted or unsubstituted thienyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolyl, substituted or unsubstituted imidazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted oxazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted isoxazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted thiazolyl, or substituted or unsubstituted isothiazolyl. In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl, or substituted or unsubstituted pyridazinyl. In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is substituted or unsubstituted, 9- to 10-membered, bicyclic heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is a nitrogen protecting group (e.g., Bn, Boc, Cbz, Fmoc, trifluoroacetyl, triphenylmethyl, acetyl, or Ts).

[0121] When Y is —NR.sup.AR.sup.B, Formula (I) includes the substituent R.sup.B on a nitrogen atom. In certain embodiments, R.sup.B is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R.sup.B is not hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R.sup.B is —C(═O)R.sup.a. In certain embodiments, R.sup.B is —C(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl). In certain embodiments, R.sup.B is —C(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkyl) (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted methyl). In certain embodiments, R.sup.B is —C(═O)CH.sub.3. In certain embodiments, R.sup.B is —C(═O)OR.sup.a (e.g., —C(═O)O(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl)). In certain embodiments, R.sup.B is —C(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2 (e.g., wherein one instance of R.sup.a is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and the other instance of R.sup.a is hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl). In certain embodiments, R.sup.B is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl). In certain embodiments, R.sup.B is Me. In certain embodiments, R.sup.B is Et, Pr, or Bu. In certain embodiments, R.sup.B is substituted methyl. In certain embodiments, R.sup.B is substituted ethyl, substituted propyl, or substituted butyl. In certain embodiments, R.sup.B is a nitrogen protecting group (e.g., Bn, Boc, Cbz, Fmoc, trifluoroacetyl, triphenylmethyl, acetyl, or Ts).

[0122] In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is —C(═O)R.sup.a; R.sup.B is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is —C(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl); R.sup.B is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is —C(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkyl); R.sup.B is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, R.sup.A is —C(═O)CH.sub.3; R.sup.B is hydrogen.

[0123] In certain embodiments,

##STR00012##

[0124] provided that R.sup.C is not hydrogen. In certain embodiments,

##STR00013##

provided that each instance of R.sup.C is not hydrogen. In certain embodiments, in

##STR00014##

each instance of R.sup.C is not hydrogen.

[0125] Formula (I) includes the substituents R.sup.C on Ring A. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, each instance of R.sup.C is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is not hydrogen. In certain embodiments, no instance of R.sup.C is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is halogen (e.g., F, Cl, or Br). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is substituted alkyl (e.g., alkyl substituted with one or more instances of halogen (e.g., F)). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is unsubstituted alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is Me. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is Et, Pr, or Bu. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is substituted methyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is substituted ethyl, substituted propyl, or substituted butyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted vinyl or substituted or unsubstituted allyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted ethynyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, 3- to 7-membered carbocyclyl comprising 0, 1, or 2 double bonds in the carbocyclic ring system, as valency permits). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is substituted or unsubstituted cyclopropyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclobutyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexyl, or substituted or unsubstituted cycloheptyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted, 3- to 7-membered, monocyclic heterocyclyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is substituted or unsubstituted oxetanyl, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydrofuranyl, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydropyranyl, substituted or unsubstituted azetidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted piperidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted morpholinyl, or substituted or unsubstituted piperazinyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is substituted or unsubstituted aryl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is substituted or unsubstituted, 5- to 6-membered, monocyclic heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is substituted or unsubstituted furanyl, substituted or unsubstituted thienyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolyl, substituted or unsubstituted imidazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted oxazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted isoxazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted thiazolyl, or substituted or unsubstituted isothiazolyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl, or substituted or unsubstituted pyridazinyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is substituted or unsubstituted, 9- to 10-membered, bicyclic heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is —OR.sup.a (e.g., —OH, —O(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl) (e.g., —OMe, —OCF.sub.3, —OEt, —OPr, —OBu, or —OBn), or —O(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl) (e.g., —OPh)). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is —OMe. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is —SR.sup.a (e.g., —SH, —S(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl) (e.g., —SMe, —SCF.sub.3, —SEt, —SPr, —SBu, or —SBn), or —S(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl) (e.g., —SPh)). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is —N(R.sup.a).sub.2 (e.g., —NH.sub.2, —NH(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl) (e.g., —NHMe), or —N(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl)-(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl) (e.g., —NMe.sub.2)). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is —CN or —SCN. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is —NO.sub.2. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is —C(═NR.sup.a)R.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)OR.sup.a, or —C(═NR.sup.a)N(R.sup.a).sub.2. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is —C(═O)R.sup.a (e.g., —C(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl) (e.g., —C(═O)Me) or —C(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is —C(═O)OR.sup.a (e.g., —C(═O)OH, —C(═O)O(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl) (e.g., —C(═O)OMe), or —C(═O)O(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is —C(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2 (e.g., —C(═O)NH.sub.2, —C(═O)NH(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl) (e.g., —C(═O)NHMe), —C(═O)NH(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl), —C(═O)N(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl)-(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl), or —C(═O)N(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)-(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl)). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is —NR.sup.aC(═O)R.sup.a (e.g., —NHC(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl) (e.g., —NHC(═O)Me) or —NHC(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is —NR.sup.aC(═O)OR.sup.a. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is —NR.sup.aC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2 (e.g., —NHC(═O)NH.sub.2, —NHC(═O)NH(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl) (e.g., —NHC(═O)NHMe)). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.C is —OC(═O)R.sup.a (e.g., —OC(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl) or —OC(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)), —OC(═O)OR.sup.a (e.g., —OC(═O)O(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl) or —OC(═O)O(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)), or —OC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2 (e.g., —OC(═O)NH.sub.2, —OC(═O)NH(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl), —OC(═O)NH(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl), —OC(═O)N(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl)-(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl), or —OC(═O)N(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)-(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl)).

[0126] In certain embodiments, Y is —NR.sup.AR.sup.B, unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, —OR.sup.a, —SR.sup.a, —CN, —SCN, —C(═NR.sup.a)R.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)OR.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —C(═O)R.sup.a, —NO.sub.2, —NR.sup.aC(═O)R.sup.a, —NR.sup.aC(═O)OR.sup.a, —NR.sup.aC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —OC(═O)R.sup.a, —OC(═O)OR.sup.a, or —OC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2; and each instance of R.sup.C is independently hydrogen, halogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, —OR.sup.a, —N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —SR.sup.a, —CN, —SCN, —C(═NR.sup.a)R.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)OR.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —C(═O)R.sup.a, —C(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —NO.sub.2, —NR.sup.aC(═O)R.sup.a, —NR.sup.aC(═O)OR.sup.a, —NR.sup.aC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2, —OC(═O)R.sup.a, —OC(═O)OR.sup.a, or —OC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2.

[0127] In Formula (I),

##STR00015##

is Ring B. Ring B is a 9-membered bicyclic heteroaryl ring. In certain embodiments, no instances of X are N. In certain embodiments, only 1 instance of X is N. In certain embodiments, only 2 instances of X are N. In certain embodiments, only 3 instances of X are N. Ring B may include the substituent(s) R.sup.D, as valency permits. Unless otherwise provided, an instance of R.sup.D may be attached to a carbon atom or nitrogen atom in the heteroaryl ring system of Ring B, as valency permits. In certain embodiments, the valency of each instance of the nitrogen atoms in the heteroaryl ring system of Ring B is 3. In certain embodiments,

##STR00016##

In certain embodiments,

##STR00017##

In certain embodiments,

##STR00018##

wherein the instance of R.sup.D at the 4-position of Ring B is halogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl. In certain embodiments,

##STR00019##

wherein the instance of R.sup.D at the 4-position of Ring B is halogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl. In certain embodiments,

##STR00020##

In

[0128] certain embodiments,

##STR00021##

In certain embodiments,

##STR00022##

In certain embodiments,

##STR00023##

In certain embodiments,

##STR00024##

[0129] In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D attached to a carbon atom is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D attached to a nitrogen atom is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, each instance of R.sup.D is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is not hydrogen. In certain embodiments, no instance of R.sup.D is hydrogen. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D attached to a carbon atom is halogen (e.g., F, Cl, or Br). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D attached to a carbon atom is halogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D attached to a carbon atom is halogen or substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-3 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is substituted alkyl (e.g., alkyl substituted with one or more instances of halogen (e.g., F)). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is unsubstituted alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D attached to a carbon atom is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D attached to a nitrogen atom is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D attached to a carbon atom is Me. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D attached to a nitrogen atom is Me. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is Et, Pr, or Bu. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is substituted methyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is substituted ethyl, substituted propyl, or substituted butyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted vinyl or substituted or unsubstituted allyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted ethynyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, 3- to 7-membered carbocyclyl comprising 0, 1, or 2 double bonds in the carbocyclic ring system, as valency permits). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is substituted or unsubstituted cyclopropyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclobutyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexyl, or substituted or unsubstituted cycloheptyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted, 3- to 7-membered, monocyclic heterocyclyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is substituted or unsubstituted oxetanyl, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydrofuranyl, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydropyranyl, substituted or unsubstituted azetidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted piperidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted morpholinyl, or substituted or unsubstituted piperazinyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is substituted or unsubstituted aryl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is substituted or unsubstituted, 5- to 6-membered, monocyclic heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is substituted or unsubstituted furanyl, substituted or unsubstituted thienyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolyl, substituted or unsubstituted imidazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted oxazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted isoxazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted thiazolyl, or substituted or unsubstituted isothiazolyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl, or substituted or unsubstituted pyridazinyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is substituted or unsubstituted, 9- to 10-membered, bicyclic heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is —OR.sup.a (e.g., —OH, —O(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl) (e.g., —OMe, —OCF.sub.3, —OEt, —OPr, —OBu, or —OBn), or —O(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl) (e.g., —OPh)). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is —OMe. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is —SR.sup.a (e.g., —SH, —S(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl) (e.g., —SMe, —SCF.sub.3, —SEt, —SPr, —SBu, or —SBn), or —S(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl) (e.g., —SPh)). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is —N(R.sup.a).sub.2 (e.g., —NH.sub.2, —NH(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl) (e.g., —NHMe), or —N(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl)-(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl) (e.g., —NMe.sub.2)). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is —CN or —SCN. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is —NO.sub.2. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is —C(═NR.sup.a)R.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)OR.sup.a, or —C(═NR.sup.a)N(R.sup.a).sub.2. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is —C(═O)R.sup.a (e.g., —C(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl) (e.g., —C(═O)Me) or —C(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is —C(═O)OR.sup.a (e.g., —C(═O)OH, —C(═O)O(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl) (e.g., —C(═O)OMe), or —C(═O)O(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is —C(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2 (e.g., —C(═O)NH.sub.2, —C(═O)NH(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl) (e.g., —C(═O)NHMe), —C(═O)NH(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl), —C(═O)N(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl)-(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl), or —C(═O)N(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)-(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl)). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is —NR.sup.aC(═O)R.sup.a (e.g., —NHC(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl) (e.g., —NHC(═O)Me) or —NHC(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is —NR.sup.aC(═O)OR.sup.a. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is —NR.sup.aC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2 (e.g., —NHC(═O)NH.sub.2, —NHC(═O)NH(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl) (e.g., —NHC(═O)NHMe)). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is —OC(═O)R.sup.a (e.g., —OC(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl) or —OC(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)), —OC(═O)OR.sup.a (e.g., —OC(═O)O(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl) or —OC(═O)O(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)), or —OC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2 (e.g., —OC(═O)NH.sub.2, —OC(═O)NH(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl), —OC(═O)NH(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl), —OC(═O)N(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl)-(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl), or —OC(═O)N(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)-(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl)). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.D is a nitrogen protecting group (e.g., Bn, Boc, Cbz, Fmoc, trifluoroacetyl, triphenylmethyl, acetyl, or Ts).

[0130] In certain embodiments, m is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, as valency permits. In certain embodiments, m is 0. In certain embodiments, m is 1. In certain embodiments, m is 2. In certain embodiments, m is 3. In certain embodiments, m is 4.

[0131] Formula (I) includes R.sup.F on a nitrogen atom. In certain embodiments, R.sup.F is hydrogen.

In certain embodiments, R.sup.F is —C(═O)R.sup.a, —C(═O)OR.sup.a, or —C(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2. In certain embodiments, R.sup.F is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl). In certain embodiments, R.sup.F is Me. In certain embodiments, R.sup.F is Et, Pr, Bu, substituted methyl, substituted ethyl, substituted propyl, or substituted butyl. In certain embodiments, R.sup.F is a nitrogen protecting group (e.g., Bn, Boc, Cbz, Fmoc, trifluoroacetyl, triphenylmethyl, acetyl, or Ts).

In Formula (I),

[0132] ##STR00025##

is Ring C. Ring C may include the substituent(s) R.sup.H, as valency permits. In certain embodiments,

##STR00026##

In certain embodiments,

##STR00027##

In certain embodiments,

##STR00028##

In certain embodiments,

##STR00029##

In certain embodiments,

##STR00030##

In certain embodiments,

##STR00031##

In certain embodiments,

##STR00032##

wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 3-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl) (e.g., -(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising in the heterocyclic system 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen)). In certain embodiments,

##STR00033##

wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 4-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl) (e.g., -(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising in the heterocyclic system 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen)). In certain embodiments,

##STR00034##

In certain embodiments,

##STR00035##

In certain embodiments,

##STR00036##

In certain embodiments,

##STR00037##

In certain embodiments,

##STR00038##

[0133] In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is halogen (e.g., F, Cl, or Br). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is substituted alkyl (e.g., alkyl substituted with one or more instances of halogen (e.g., F)). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is unsubstituted alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is Me. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is Et, Pr, or Bu. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is substituted methyl (e.g., methyl substituted with one or more instances of halogen (e.g., F)). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is —CF3. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is substituted ethyl, substituted propyl, or substituted butyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is halogen or substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is halogen or —CF.sub.3. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is -(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising in the heterocyclic system 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is -(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted piperazinyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is -(unsubstituted C.sub.1-3 alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted piperazinyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is —CH.sub.2-(substituted or unsubstituted 1-piperazinyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is

##STR00039##

In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is -(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl), wherein the heterocyclyl is oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, or morpholinyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted vinyl or substituted or unsubstituted allyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted ethynyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is substituted or unsubstituted carbocyclyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, 3- to 7-membered carbocyclyl comprising 0, 1, or 2 double bonds in the carbocyclic ring system, as valency permits). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is substituted or unsubstituted cyclopropyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclobutyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentyl, substituted or unsubstituted cyclohexyl, or substituted or unsubstituted cycloheptyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl (e.g., substituted or unsubstituted, 3- to 7-membered, monocyclic heterocyclyl). In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is substituted or unsubstituted oxetanyl, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydrofuranyl, substituted or unsubstituted tetrahydropyranyl, substituted or unsubstituted azetidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted piperidinyl, substituted or unsubstituted morpholinyl, or substituted or unsubstituted piperazinyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is substituted or unsubstituted aryl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is substituted or unsubstituted naphthyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is substituted or unsubstituted, 5- to 6-membered, monocyclic heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is substituted or unsubstituted furanyl, substituted or unsubstituted thienyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrrolyl, substituted or unsubstituted imidazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted oxazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted isoxazolyl, substituted or unsubstituted thiazolyl, or substituted or unsubstituted isothiazolyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is substituted or unsubstituted pyridinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrazinyl, substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidinyl, or substituted or unsubstituted pyridazinyl. In certain embodiments, at least one instance of R.sup.H is substituted or unsubstituted, 9- to 10-membered, bicyclic heteroaryl. In certain embodiments, R.sup.H is —OR.sup.a (e.g., —OH, —O(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl) (e.g., —OMe, —OCF.sub.3, —OEt, —OPr, —OBu, or —OBn), or —O(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl) (e.g., —OPh)). In certain embodiments, R.sup.H is —OMe. In certain embodiments, R.sup.H is —SW (e.g., —SH, —S(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl) (e.g., —SMe, —SCF.sub.3, —SEt, —SPr, —SBu, or —SBn), or —S(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl) (e.g., —SPh)). In certain embodiments, R.sup.H is —N(R.sup.a).sub.2 (e.g., —NH.sub.2, —NH(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl) (e.g., —NHMe), or —N(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl)-(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl) (e.g., —NMe.sub.2)). In certain embodiments, R.sup.H is —CN or —SCN. In certain embodiments, R.sup.H is —NO.sub.2. In certain embodiments, R.sup.H is —C(═NR.sup.a)R.sup.a, —C(═NR.sup.a)OR.sup.a, or —C(═NR.sup.a)N(R.sup.a).sub.2. In certain embodiments, R.sup.H is —C(═O)R.sup.a (e.g., —C(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl) (e.g., —C(═O)Me) or —C(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)). In certain embodiments, R.sup.H is —C(═O)OR.sup.a (e.g., —C(═O)OH, —C(═O)O(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl) (e.g., —C(═O)OMe), or —C(═O)O(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)). In certain embodiments, R.sup.H is —C(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2 (e.g., —C(═O)NH.sub.2, —C(═O)NH(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl) (e.g., —C(═O)NHMe), —C(═O)NH(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl), —C(═O)N(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl)-(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl), or —C(═O)N(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)-(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl)). In certain embodiments, R.sup.H is —NR.sup.aC(═O)R.sup.a (e.g., —NHC(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl) (e.g., —NHC(═O)Me) or —NHC(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)). In certain embodiments, R.sup.H is —NR.sup.aC(═O)OR.sup.a. In certain embodiments, R.sup.H is —NR.sup.aC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2 (e.g., —NHC(═O)NH.sub.2, —NHC(═O)NH(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-6 alkyl) (e.g., —NHC(═O)NHMe)). In certain embodiments, R.sup.H is —OC(═O)R.sup.a (e.g., —OC(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl) or —OC(═O)(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)), —OC(═O)OR.sup.a (e.g., —OC(═O)O(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl) or —OC(═O)O(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)), or —OC(═O)N(R.sup.a).sub.2 (e.g., —OC(═O)NH.sub.2, —OC(═O)NH(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl), —OC(═O)NH(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl), —OC(═O)N(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl)-(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl), or —OC(═O)N(substituted or unsubstituted phenyl)-(substituted or unsubstituted alkyl)).

[0134] In certain embodiments, n is 0. In certain embodiments, n is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. In certain embodiments, n is 1. In certain embodiments, n is 2. In certain embodiments, n is 3, 4, or 5.

[0135] In certain embodiments, the compound is of the formula:

##STR00040##

[0136] In certain embodiments, the compound is of the formula:

##STR00041##

[0137] In certain embodiments, the compound is of the formula:

##STR00042##

[0138] In certain embodiments, the compound is of the formula:

##STR00043##

[0139] In certain embodiments, the compound is of the formula:

##STR00044##

[0140] In certain embodiments, the compound is of the formula:

##STR00045##

[0141] In certain embodiments, the compound is of the formula:

##STR00046##

[0142] In certain embodiments, the compound is of the formula:

##STR00047##

[0143] In certain embodiments, wherein the compound is of the formula:

##STR00048##

wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 3-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl) (e.g., -(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising in the heterocyclic system 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen)).

[0144] In certain embodiments, wherein the compound is of the formula:

##STR00049##

wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 3-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl) (e.g., -(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising in the heterocyclic system 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen)).

[0145] In certain embodiments, the compound is of the formula:

##STR00050##

wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 4-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl) (e.g., -(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising in the heterocyclic system 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen)).

[0146] In certain embodiments, the compound is of the formula:

##STR00051##

wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 4-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl) (e.g., -(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising in the heterocyclic system 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen)).

[0147] In certain embodiments, wherein the compound is of the formula:

##STR00052##

wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 3-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl) (e.g., -(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising in the heterocyclic system 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen)).

[0148] In certain embodiments, wherein the compound is of the formula:

##STR00053##

wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 3-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl) (e.g., -(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising in the heterocyclic system 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen)).

[0149] In certain embodiments, wherein the compound is of the formula:

##STR00054##

wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 4-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl) (e.g., -(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising in the heterocyclic system 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen)).

[0150] In certain embodiments, wherein the compound is of the formula:

##STR00055##

wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 4-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl) (e.g., -(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising in the heterocyclic system 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen)).

[0151] In certain embodiments, wherein the compound is of the formula:

##STR00056##

wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 3-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl) (e.g., -(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising in the heterocyclic system 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen)).

[0152] In certain embodiments, wherein the compound is of the formula:

##STR00057##

wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 4-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl) (e.g., -(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising in the heterocyclic system 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen)).

[0153] In certain embodiments, wherein the compound is of the formula:

##STR00058##

wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 3-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl) (e.g., -(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising in the heterocyclic system 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen)).

[0154] In certain embodiments, wherein the compound is of the formula:

##STR00059##

wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 3-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl) (e.g., -(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising in the heterocyclic system 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen)).

[0155] In certain embodiments, wherein the compound is of the formula:

##STR00060##

wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 4-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl) (e.g., -(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising in the heterocyclic system 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen)).

[0156] In certain embodiments, wherein the compound is of the formula:

##STR00061##

wherein the instance of R.sup.H at the 4-position of Ring C is -(substituted or unsubstituted alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl) (e.g., -(substituted or unsubstituted, C.sub.1-3 alkylene)-(substituted or unsubstituted, monocyclic, 5- or 6-membered heterocyclyl comprising in the heterocyclic system 1 or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from the group consisting of oxygen and nitrogen)).

[0157] In certain embodiments, the compound is of the formula:

##STR00062## ##STR00063##

[0158] In certain embodiments, the compound is of the formula:

##STR00064## ##STR00065##

[0159] In certain embodiments, the compound is of the formula:

##STR00066##

[0160] In certain embodiments, the compound is of the formula:

##STR00067##

[0161] In certain embodiments, the compound is of the formula:

##STR00068## ##STR00069##

[0162] In certain embodiments, a provided compound (a compound described herein) is a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, polymorph, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof. In certain embodiments, a provided compound is a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, co-crystal, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotopically labeled derivative, or prodrug thereof. In certain embodiments, a provided compound is a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof. In certain embodiments, a provided compound is a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer, or stereoisomer thereof. In certain embodiments, a provided compound is a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. In certain embodiments, a provided compound is a mixture (e.g., a racemic mixture) of enantiomers and/or diastereomers.

[0163] In certain embodiments, the molecular weight of a provide compound that is not in the form of a salt, solvate, hydrate, co-crystal, or prodrug is lower than 2,000, lower than 1,500, lower than 1,200, lower than 1,000, lower than 800, lower than 700, or lower than 600 g/mol. In certain embodiments, the molecular weight of a provide compound that is not in the form of a salt, solvate, hydrate, co-crystal, or prodrug is lower than 1000 g/mol. In certain embodiments, the molecular weight of a provide compound that is not in the form of a salt, solvate, hydrate, co-crystal, or prodrug is lower than 700 g/mol.

[0164] In certain embodiments, a provided compound inhibits a kinase. In certain embodiments, a provided compound inhibits the activity (e.g., aberrant activity (e.g., higher-than-normal activity, increase activity)) of a kinase. In certain embodiments, a provided compound inhibits the overexpression of a kinase. In certain embodiments, the kinase is a JAK, ABL1(H396P)-nonphosphorylated, ABL1-nonphosphorylated, CDC2L1, CDC2L2, CSF1R, DDR1, DDR2, FLT4, KIT, KIT(A829P), KIT(L576P), KIT(V559D), PDGFRB, RET, TAOK2, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the kinase is a JAK, ABL1, CDC2L1, CDC2L2, CSF1R, DDR1, DDR2, FLT4, KIT, PDGFRB, RET, TAOK2, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the kinase is a JAK. In certain embodiments, the JAK is JAK1. In certain embodiments, the JAK is JAK2 (e.g., wild-type or mutant JAK2). In certain embodiments, the JAK is JAK3. In certain embodiments, the JAK is TYK2. In certain embodiments, the JAK is a human JAK. In certain embodiments, the JAK is a non-human mammal (e.g., dog) JAK. In certain embodiments, the kinase is a wild type kinase. In certain embodiments, the kinase is a mutant kinase. In certain embodiments, a provided compound inhibits a kinase as measured in an assay described herein or known in the art. In certain embodiments, a provided compound inhibits the kinase at an IC.sub.50 less than or equal to 30 μM, less than or equal to 10 μM, less than or equal to 3 μM, less than or equal to 1 μM, less than or equal to 0.3 μM, or less than or equal to 0.1 μM. In certain embodiments, a provided compound is selective for inhibiting a first kinase over a second kinase, wherein the first and second kinases are different from each other. In certain embodiments, the first kinase is a JAK, ABL1(H396P)-nonphosphorylated, ABL1-nonphosphorylated, CDC2L1, CDC2L2, CSF1R, DDR1, DDR2, FLT4, KIT, KIT(A829P), KIT(L576P), KIT(V559D), PDGFRB, RET, TAOK2, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the first kinase is a JAK, ABL1, CDC2L1, CDC2L2, CSF1R, DDR1, DDR2, FLT4, KIT, PDGFRB, RET, TAOK2, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the first kinase is a JAK (e.g., JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, TYK2). In certain embodiments, the first kinase is JAK2. In certain embodiments, the first kinase is JAK3. In certain embodiments, a provided compound is selective for inhibiting the first kinase over the second kinase by at least 2-fold, at least 3-fold, at least 4-fold, at least 5-fold, at least 7-fold, at least 10-fold, at least 20-fold, at least 50-fold, at least 100-fold, at least 300-fold, or at least 1,000-fold (e.g., in an in vitro assay or an assay described herein). In certain embodiments, a provided compound reversibly binds to a kinase. In certain embodiments, a provided compound irreversibly binds to a kinase.

[0165] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of preparing a compound described herein. In certain embodiments, the method of preparing is a method described herein (e.g., a method described in Example 1).

Pharmaceutical Compositions, Administration, and Kits

[0166] The present disclosure also provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound described herein and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In certain embodiments, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises an additional pharmaceutical agent.

[0167] In certain embodiments, the compound described herein is provided in an effective (e.g., effective for inhibiting a kinase, such as a JAK (e.g., JAK2)) amount in the pharmaceutical composition. In certain embodiments, the effective amount is a therapeutically effective amount. In certain embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is an amount effective for inhibiting a kinase. In certain embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is an amount effective for treating a disease (e.g., a disease associated with aberrant activity of a kinase (e.g., proliferative disease)). In certain embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is an amount effective for inhibiting the activity of a kinase and treating a disease (e.g., a disease associated with aberrant activity of a kinase (e.g., proliferative disease)). In certain embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is an amount effective for inducing apoptosis in a cell (e.g., malignant cell, premalignant cell).

[0168] In certain embodiments, the effective amount is an amount effective for inhibiting the activity of a kinase by at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 98%. In certain embodiments, the effective amount is an amount effective for inhibiting the activity of a kinase by not more than 10%, not more than 20%, not more than 30%, not more than 40%, not more than 50%, not more than 60%, not more than 70%, not more than 80%, not more than 90%, not more than 95%, or not more than 98%.

[0169] In certain embodiments, the subject is an animal. The animal may be of either sex and may be at any stage of development. In certain embodiments, the subject described herein is a human (e.g., an adult, juvenile, or child). In certain embodiments, the subject is a non-human animal. In certain embodiments, the subject is a mammal. In certain embodiments, the subject is a non-human mammal. In certain embodiments, the subject is a domesticated animal, such as a dog, cat, cow, pig, horse, sheep, or goat. In certain embodiments, the subject is a dog. In certain embodiments, the subject is a companion animal, such as a dog or cat. In certain embodiments, the subject is a livestock animal, such as a cow, pig, horse, sheep, or goat. In certain embodiments, the subject is a zoo animal. In another embodiment, the subject is a research animal, such as a rodent (e.g., mouse, rat), dog, pig, or non-human primate. In certain embodiments, the subject is a genetically engineered animal. In certain embodiments, the subject is a transgenic animal (e.g., transgenic mice, transgenic pigs). In certain embodiments, the subject is a fish or reptile.

[0170] In certain embodiments, the biological sample or cell (e.g., the biological sample or cell being contacted with a compound or pharmaceutical composition described herein) is in vitro. In certain embodiments, the biological sample or cell is in vivo or ex vivo. In certain embodiments, the cell is a malignant cell or premalignant cell.

[0171] Pharmaceutical compositions described herein can be prepared by any method known in the art of pharmacology. In general, such preparatory methods include bringing the compound described herein (i.e., the “active ingredient”) into association with a carrier or excipient, and/or one or more other accessory ingredients, and then, if necessary and/or desirable, shaping, and/or packaging the product into a desired single- or multi-dose unit.

[0172] Pharmaceutical compositions can be prepared, packaged, and/or sold in bulk, as a single unit dose, and/or as a plurality of single unit doses. A “unit dose” is a discrete amount of the pharmaceutical composition comprising a predetermined amount of the active ingredient. The amount of the active ingredient is generally equal to the dosage of the active ingredient which would be administered to a subject and/or a convenient fraction of such a dosage, such as one-half or one-third of such a dosage.

[0173] Relative amounts of the active ingredient, the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient, and/or any additional ingredients in a pharmaceutical composition described herein will vary, depending upon the identity, size, and/or condition of the subject treated and further depending upon the route by which the composition is to be administered. The composition may comprise between 0.1% and 100% (w/w) active ingredient.

[0174] Pharmaceutically acceptable excipients used in the manufacture of provided pharmaceutical compositions include inert diluents, dispersing and/or granulating agents, surface active agents and/or emulsifiers, disintegrating agents, binding agents, preservatives, buffering agents, lubricating agents, and/or oils. Excipients such as cocoa butter and suppository waxes, coloring agents, coating agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents may also be present in the composition.

[0175] Exemplary diluents include calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate lactose, sucrose, cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, kaolin, mannitol, sorbitol, inositol, sodium chloride, dry starch, cornstarch, powdered sugar, and mixtures thereof.

[0176] Exemplary granulating and/or dispersing agents include potato starch, corn starch, tapioca starch, sodium starch glycolate, clays, alginic acid, guar gum, citrus pulp, agar, bentonite, cellulose, and wood products, natural sponge, cation-exchange resins, calcium carbonate, silicates, sodium carbonate, cross-linked poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone) (crospovidone), sodium carboxymethyl starch (sodium starch glycolate), carboxymethyl cellulose, cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (croscarmellose), methylcellulose, pregelatinized starch (starch 1500), microcrystalline starch, water insoluble starch, calcium carboxymethyl cellulose, magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum), sodium lauryl sulfate, quaternary ammonium compounds, and mixtures thereof.

[0177] Exemplary surface active agents and/or emulsifiers include natural emulsifiers (e.g., acacia, agar, alginic acid, sodium alginate, tragacanth, chondrux, cholesterol, xanthan, pectin, gelatin, egg yolk, casein, wool fat, cholesterol, wax, and lecithin), colloidal clays (e.g., bentonite (aluminum silicate) and Veegum (magnesium aluminum silicate)), long chain amino acid derivatives, high molecular weight alcohols (e.g., stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, triacetin monostearate, ethylene glycol distearate, glyceryl monostearate, and propylene glycol monostearate, polyvinyl alcohol), carbomers (e.g., carboxy polymethylene, polyacrylic acid, acrylic acid polymer, and carboxyvinyl polymer), carrageenan, cellulosic derivatives (e.g., carboxymethylcellulose sodium, powdered cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, methylcellulose), sorbitan fatty acid esters (e.g., polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween® 20), polyoxyethylene sorbitan (Tween® 60), polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (Tween® 80), sorbitan monopalmitate (Span® 40), sorbitan monostearate (Span® 60), sorbitan tristearate (Span® 65), glyceryl monooleate, sorbitan monooleate (Span® 80), polyoxyethylene esters (e.g., polyoxyethylene monostearate (Myrj® 45), polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, polyethoxylated castor oil, polyoxymethylene stearate, and Solutol®), sucrose fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters (e.g., Cremophor®), polyoxyethylene ethers, (e.g., polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Brij® 30)), poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone), diethylene glycol monolaurate, triethanolamine oleate, sodium oleate, potassium oleate, ethyl oleate, oleic acid, ethyl laurate, sodium lauryl sulfate, Pluronic® F-68, poloxamer P-188, cetrimonium bromide, cetylpyridinium chloride, benzalkonium chloride, docusate sodium, and/or mixtures thereof.

[0178] Exemplary binding agents include starch (e.g., cornstarch and starch paste), gelatin, sugars (e.g., sucrose, glucose, dextrose, dextrin, molasses, lactose, lactitol, mannitol, etc.), natural and synthetic gums (e.g., acacia, sodium alginate, extract of Irish moss, panwar gum, ghatti gum, mucilage of isapol husks, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose acetate, poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone), magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum®), and larch arabogalactan), alginates, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene glycol, inorganic calcium salts, silicic acid, polymethacrylates, waxes, water, alcohol, and/or mixtures thereof.

[0179] Exemplary preservatives include antioxidants, chelating agents, antimicrobial preservatives, antifungal preservatives, antiprotozoan preservatives, alcohol preservatives, acidic preservatives, and other preservatives. In certain embodiments, the preservative is an antioxidant. In other embodiments, the preservative is a chelating agent.

[0180] Exemplary antioxidants include alpha tocopherol, ascorbic acid, acorbyl palmitate, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, monothioglycerol, potassium metabisulfite, propionic acid, propyl gallate, sodium ascorbate, sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, and sodium sulfite.

[0181] Exemplary chelating agents include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and salts and hydrates thereof (e.g., sodium edetate, disodium edetate, trisodium edetate, calcium disodium edetate, dipotassium edetate, and the like), citric acid and salts and hydrates thereof (e.g., citric acid monohydrate), fumaric acid and salts and hydrates thereof, malic acid and salts and hydrates thereof, phosphoric acid and salts and hydrates thereof, and tartaric acid and salts and hydrates thereof. Exemplary antimicrobial preservatives include benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, benzyl alcohol, bronopol, cetrimide, cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine, chlorobutanol, chlorocresol, chloroxylenol, cresol, ethyl alcohol, glycerin, hexetidine, imidurea, phenol, phenoxyethanol, phenylethyl alcohol, phenylmercuric nitrate, propylene glycol, and thimerosal.

[0182] Exemplary antifungal preservatives include butyl paraben, methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, benzoic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, potassium benzoate, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, sodium propionate, and sorbic acid.

[0183] Exemplary alcohol preservatives include ethanol, polyethylene glycol, phenol, phenolic compounds, bisphenol, chlorobutanol, hydroxybenzoate, and phenylethyl alcohol.

[0184] Exemplary acidic preservatives include vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, citric acid, acetic acid, dehydroacetic acid, ascorbic acid, sorbic acid, and phytic acid.

[0185] Other preservatives include tocopherol, tocopherol acetate, deteroxime mesylate, cetrimide, butylated hydroxyanisol (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluened (BHT), ethylenediamine, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite, potassium sulfite, potassium metabisulfite, Glydant® Plus, Phenonip®, methylparaben, Germanll® 115, Germaben® II, Neolone®, Kathon®, and Euxyl®.

[0186] Exemplary buffering agents include citrate buffer solutions, acetate buffer solutions, phosphate buffer solutions, ammonium chloride, calcium carbonate, calcium chloride, calcium citrate, calcium glubionate, calcium gluceptate, calcium gluconate, D-gluconic acid, calcium glycerophosphate, calcium lactate, propanoic acid, calcium levulinate, pentanoic acid, dibasic calcium phosphate, phosphoric acid, tribasic calcium phosphate, calcium hydroxide phosphate, potassium acetate, potassium chloride, potassium gluconate, potassium mixtures, dibasic potassium phosphate, monobasic potassium phosphate, potassium phosphate mixtures, sodium acetate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodium citrate, sodium lactate, dibasic sodium phosphate, monobasic sodium phosphate, sodium phosphate mixtures, tromethamine, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, alginic acid, pyrogen-free water, isotonic saline, Ringer's solution, ethyl alcohol, and mixtures thereof.

[0187] Exemplary lubricating agents include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, stearic acid, silica, talc, malt, glyceryl behanate, hydrogenated vegetable oils, polyethylene glycol, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, leucine, magnesium lauryl sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof.

[0188] Exemplary natural oils include almond, apricot kernel, avocado, babassu, bergamot, black current seed, borage, cade, camomile, canola, caraway, carnauba, castor, cinnamon, cocoa butter, coconut, cod liver, coffee, corn, cotton seed, emu, eucalyptus, evening primrose, fish, flaxseed, geraniol, gourd, grape seed, hazel nut, hyssop, isopropyl myristate, jojoba, kukui nut, lavandin, lavender, lemon, litsea cubeba, macademia nut, mallow, mango seed, meadowfoam seed, mink, nutmeg, olive, orange, orange roughy, palm, palm kernel, peach kernel, peanut, poppy seed, pumpkin seed, rapeseed, rice bran, rosemary, safflower, sandalwood, sasquana, savoury, sea buckthorn, sesame, shea butter, silicone, soybean, sunflower, tea tree, thistle, tsubaki, vetiver, walnut, and wheat germ oils. Exemplary synthetic oils include, but are not limited to, butyl stearate, caprylic triglyceride, capric triglyceride, cyclomethicone, diethyl sebacate, dimethicone 360, isopropyl myristate, mineral oil, octyldodecanol, oleyl alcohol, silicone oil, and mixtures thereof.

[0189] Liquid dosage forms for oral and parenteral administration include pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, microemulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups and elixirs. In addition to the active ingredients, the liquid dosage forms may comprise inert diluents commonly used in the art such as, for example, water or other solvents, solubilizing agents and emulsifiers such as ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, ethyl carbonate, ethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, dimethylformamide, oils (e.g., cottonseed, groundnut, corn, germ, olive, castor, and sesame oils), glycerol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, polyethylene glycols and fatty acid esters of sorbitan, and mixtures thereof. Besides inert diluents, the oral compositions can include adjuvants such as wetting agents, emulsifying and suspending agents, sweetening, flavoring, and perfuming agents. In certain embodiments for parenteral administration, the conjugates described herein are mixed with solubilizing agents such as Cremophor®, alcohols, oils, modified oils, glycols, polysorbates, cyclodextrins, polymers, and mixtures thereof.

[0190] Injectable preparations, for example, sterile injectable aqueous or oleaginous suspensions can be formulated according to the known art using suitable dispersing or wetting agents and suspending agents. The sterile injectable preparation can be a sterile injectable solution, suspension, or emulsion in a nontoxic parenterally acceptable diluent or solvent, for example, as a solution in 1,3-butanediol. Among the acceptable vehicles and solvents that can be employed are water, Ringer's solution, U.S.P., and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition, sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent or suspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil can be employed including synthetic mono- or di-glycerides. In addition, fatty acids such as oleic acid are used in the preparation of injectables.

[0191] The injectable formulations can be sterilized, for example, by filtration through a bacterial-retaining filter, or by incorporating sterilizing agents in the form of sterile solid compositions which can be dissolved or dispersed in sterile water or other sterile injectable medium prior to use.

[0192] In order to prolong the effect of a drug, it is often desirable to slow the absorption of the drug from subcutaneous or intramuscular injection. This can be accomplished by the use of a liquid suspension of crystalline or amorphous material with poor water solubility. The rate of absorption of the drug then depends upon its rate of dissolution, which, in turn, may depend upon crystal size and crystalline form. Alternatively, delayed absorption of a parenterally administered drug form may be accomplished by dissolving or suspending the drug in an oil vehicle.

[0193] Compositions for rectal or vaginal administration are typically suppositories which can be prepared by mixing the conjugates described herein with suitable non-irritating excipients or carriers such as cocoa butter, polyethylene glycol, or a suppository wax which are solid at ambient temperature but liquid at body temperature and therefore melt in the rectum or vaginal cavity and release the active ingredient.

[0194] Solid dosage forms for oral administration include capsules, tablets, pills, powders, and granules. In such solid dosage forms, the active ingredient is mixed with at least one inert, pharmaceutically acceptable excipient or carrier such as sodium citrate or dicalcium phosphate and/or (a) fillers or extenders such as starches, lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, and silicic acid, (b) binders such as, for example, carboxymethylcellulose, alginates, gelatin, polyvinylpyrrolidinone, sucrose, and acacia, (c) humectants such as glycerol, (d) disintegrating agents such as agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates, and sodium carbonate, (e) solution retarding agents such as paraffin, (f) absorption accelerators such as quaternary ammonium compounds, (g) wetting agents such as, for example, cetyl alcohol and glycerol monostearate, (h) absorbents such as kaolin and bentonite clay, and (i) lubricants such as talc, calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, solid polyethylene glycols, sodium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures thereof. In the case of capsules, tablets, and pills, the dosage form may include a buffering agent.

[0195] Solid compositions of a similar type can be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like. The solid dosage forms of tablets, drag-es, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings and other coatings well known in the art of pharmacology. They may optionally comprise opacifying agents and can be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of encapsulating compositions which can be used include polymeric substances and waxes. Solid compositions of a similar type can be employed as fillers in soft and hard-filled gelatin capsules using such excipients as lactose or milk sugar as well as high molecular weight polyethylene glycols and the like.

[0196] The active ingredient can be in a micro-encapsulated form with one or more excipients as noted above. The solid dosage forms of tablets, dragées, capsules, pills, and granules can be prepared with coatings and shells such as enteric coatings, release controlling coatings, and other coatings well known in the pharmaceutical formulating art. In such solid dosage forms the active ingredient can be admixed with at least one inert diluent such as sucrose, lactose, or starch. Such dosage forms may comprise, as is normal practice, additional substances other than inert diluents, e.g., tableting lubricants and other tableting aids such a magnesium stearate and microcrystalline cellulose. In the case of capsules, tablets and pills, the dosage forms may comprise buffering agents. They may optionally comprise opacifying agents and can be of a composition that they release the active ingredient(s) only, or preferentially, in a certain part of the intestinal tract, optionally, in a delayed manner. Examples of encapsulating agents which can be used include polymeric substances and waxes.

[0197] Dosage forms for topical and/or transdermal administration of a compound described herein may include ointments, pastes, creams, lotions, gels, powders, solutions, sprays, inhalants, and/or patches. Generally, the active ingredient is admixed under sterile conditions with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient and/or any needed preservatives and/or buffers as can be required. Additionally, the present disclosure contemplates the use of transdermal patches, which often have the added advantage of providing controlled delivery of an active ingredient to the body. Such dosage forms can be prepared, for example, by dissolving and/or dispensing the active ingredient in the proper medium. Alternatively or additionally, the rate can be controlled by either providing a rate controlling membrane and/or by dispersing the active ingredient in a polymer matrix and/or gel.

[0198] Suitable devices for use in delivering intradermal pharmaceutical compositions described herein include short needle devices. Intradermal compositions can be administered by devices which limit the effective penetration length of a needle into the skin. Alternatively or additionally, conventional syringes can be used in the classical mantoux method of intradermal administration. Jet injection devices which deliver liquid formulations to the dermis via a liquid jet injector and/or via a needle which pierces the stratum corneum and produces a jet which reaches the dermis are suitable. Ballistic powder/particle delivery devices which use compressed gas to accelerate the compound in powder form through the outer layers of the skin to the dermis are suitable.

[0199] Formulations suitable for topical administration include, but are not limited to, liquid and/or semi-liquid preparations such as liniments, lotions, oil-in-water and/or water-in-oil emulsions such as creams, ointments, and/or pastes, and/or solutions and/or suspensions. Topically administrable formulations may, for example, comprise from about 1% to about 10% (w/w) active ingredient, although the concentration of the active ingredient can be as high as the solubility limit of the active ingredient in the solvent. Formulations for topical administration may further comprise one or more of the additional ingredients described herein.

[0200] A pharmaceutical composition described herein can be prepared, packaged, and/or sold in a formulation suitable for pulmonary administration via the buccal cavity. Such a formulation may comprise dry particles which comprise the active ingredient and which have a diameter in the range from about 0.5 to about 7 nanometers, or from about 1 to about 6 nanometers. Such compositions are conveniently in the form of dry powders for administration using a device comprising a dry powder reservoir to which a stream of propellant can be directed to disperse the powder and/or using a self-propelling solvent/powder dispensing container such as a device comprising the active ingredient dissolved and/or suspended in a low-boiling propellant in a sealed container. Such powders comprise particles wherein at least 98% of the particles by weight have a diameter greater than 0.5 nanometers and at least 95% of the particles by number have a diameter less than 7 nanometers. Alternatively, at least 95% of the particles by weight have a diameter greater than 1 nanometer and at least 90% of the particles by number have a diameter less than 6 nanometers. Dry powder compositions may include a solid fine powder diluent such as sugar and are conveniently provided in a unit dose form.

[0201] Low boiling propellants generally include liquid propellants having a boiling point of below 65° F. at atmospheric pressure. Generally the propellant may constitute 50 to 99.9% (w/w) of the composition, and the active ingredient may constitute 0.1 to 20% (w/w) of the composition. The propellant may further comprise additional ingredients such as a liquid non-ionic and/or solid anionic surfactant and/or a solid diluent (which may have a particle size of the same order as particles comprising the active ingredient).

[0202] Pharmaceutical compositions described herein formulated for pulmonary delivery may provide the active ingredient in the form of droplets of a solution and/or suspension. Such formulations can be prepared, packaged, and/or sold as aqueous and/or dilute alcoholic solutions and/or suspensions, optionally sterile, comprising the active ingredient, and may conveniently be administered using any nebulization and/or atomization device. Such formulations may further comprise one or more additional ingredients including, but not limited to, a flavoring agent such as saccharin sodium, a volatile oil, a buffering agent, a surface active agent, and/or a preservative such as methylhydroxybenzoate. The droplets provided by this route of administration may have an average diameter in the range from about 0.1 to about 200 nanometers.

[0203] Formulations described herein as being useful for pulmonary delivery are useful for intranasal delivery of a pharmaceutical composition described herein. Another formulation suitable for intranasal administration is a coarse powder comprising the active ingredient and having an average particle from about 0.2 to 500 micrometers. Such a formulation is administered by rapid inhalation through the nasal passage from a container of the powder held close to the nares.

[0204] Formulations for nasal administration may, for example, comprise from about as little as 0.1% (w/w) to as much as 100% (w/w) of the active ingredient, and may comprise one or more of the additional ingredients described herein. A pharmaceutical composition described herein can be prepared, packaged, and/or sold in a formulation for buccal administration. Such formulations may, for example, be in the form of tablets and/or lozenges made using conventional methods, and may contain, for example, 0.1 to 20% (w/w) active ingredient, the balance comprising an orally dissolvable and/or degradable composition and, optionally, one or more of the additional ingredients described herein. Alternately, formulations for buccal administration may comprise a powder and/or an aerosolized and/or atomized solution and/or suspension comprising the active ingredient. Such powdered, aerosolized, and/or aerosolized formulations, when dispersed, may have an average particle and/or droplet size in the range from about 0.1 to about 200 nanometers, and may further comprise one or more of the additional ingredients described herein.

[0205] A pharmaceutical composition described herein can be prepared, packaged, and/or sold in a formulation for ophthalmic administration. Such formulations may, for example, be in the form of eye drops including, for example, a 0.1-1.0% (w/w) solution and/or suspension of the active ingredient in an aqueous or oily liquid carrier or excipient. Such drops may further comprise buffering agents, salts, and/or one or more other of the additional ingredients described herein. Other ophthalmically-administrable formulations which are useful include those which comprise the active ingredient in microcrystalline form and/or in a liposomal preparation. Ear drops and/or eye drops are also contemplated as being within the scope of this disclosure.

[0206] Although the descriptions of pharmaceutical compositions provided herein are principally directed to pharmaceutical compositions which are suitable for administration to humans, it will be understood by the skilled artisan that such compositions are generally suitable for administration to animals of all sorts. Modification of pharmaceutical compositions suitable for administration to humans in order to render the compositions suitable for administration to various animals is well understood, and the ordinarily skilled veterinary pharmacologist can design and/or perform such modification with ordinary experimentation.

[0207] Compounds provided herein are typically formulated in dosage unit form for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage. It will be understood, however, that the total daily usage of the compositions described herein will be decided by a physician within the scope of sound medical judgment. The specific therapeutically effective dose level for any particular subject or organism will depend upon a variety of factors including the disease being treated and the severity of the disorder; the activity of the specific active ingredient employed; the specific composition employed; the age, body weight, general health, sex, and diet of the subject; the time of administration, route of administration, and rate of excretion of the specific active ingredient employed; the duration of the treatment; drugs used in combination or coincidental with the specific active ingredient employed; and like factors well known in the medical arts.

[0208] The compounds and compositions provided herein can be administered by any route, including enteral (e.g., oral), parenteral, intravenous, intramuscular, intra-arterial, intramedullary, intrathecal, subcutaneous, intraventricular, transdermal, interdermal, rectal, intravaginal, intraperitoneal, topical (as by powders, ointments, creams, and/or drops), mucosal, nasal, bucal, sublingual; by intratracheal instillation, bronchial instillation, and/or inhalation; and/or as an oral spray, nasal spray, and/or aerosol. Specifically contemplated routes are oral administration, intravenous administration (e.g., systemic intravenous injection), regional administration via blood and/or lymph supply, and/or direct administration to an affected site. In general, the most appropriate route of administration will depend upon a variety of factors including the nature of the agent (e.g., its stability in the environment of the gastrointestinal tract), and/or the condition of the subject (e.g., whether the subject is able to tolerate oral administration). In certain embodiments, the compound or pharmaceutical composition described herein is suitable for topical administration to the eye of a subject.

[0209] The exact amount of a compound required to achieve an effective amount will vary from subject to subject, depending, for example, on species, age, and general condition of a subject, severity of the side effects or disorder, identity of the particular compound, mode of administration, and the like. An effective amount may be included in a single dose (e.g., single oral dose) or multiple doses (e.g., multiple oral doses). In certain embodiments, when multiple doses are administered to a subject or applied to a biological sample or cell, any two doses of the multiple doses include different or substantially the same amounts of a compound described herein. In certain embodiments, when multiple doses are administered to a subject or applied to a biological sample or cell, the frequency of administering the multiple doses to the subject or applying the multiple doses to the biological sample or cell is three doses a day, two doses a day, one dose a day, one dose every other day, one dose every third day, one dose every week, one dose every two weeks, one dose every three weeks, or one dose every four weeks. In certain embodiments, the frequency of administering the multiple doses to the subject or applying the multiple doses to the biological sample or cell is one dose per day. In certain embodiments, the frequency of administering the multiple doses to the subject or applying the multiple doses to the biological sample or cell is two doses per day. In certain embodiments, the frequency of administering the multiple doses to the subject or applying the multiple doses to the biological sample or cell is three doses per day. In certain embodiments, when multiple doses are administered to a subject or applied to a biological sample or cell, the duration between the first dose and last dose of the multiple doses is one day, two days, four days, one week, two weeks, three weeks, one month, two months, three months, four months, six months, nine months, one year, two years, three years, four years, five years, seven years, ten years, fifteen years, twenty years, or the lifetime of the subject or cell. In certain embodiments, the duration between the first dose and last dose of the multiple doses is three months, six months, or one year. In certain embodiments, the duration between the first dose and last dose of the multiple doses is the lifetime of the subject or cell. In certain embodiments, a dose (e.g., a single dose, or any dose of multiple doses) described herein includes independently between 0.1 μg and 1 μg, between 0.001 mg and 0.01 mg, between 0.01 mg and 0.1 mg, between 0.1 mg and 1 mg, between 1 mg and 3 mg, between 3 mg and 10 mg, between 10 mg and 30 mg, between 30 mg and 100 mg, between 100 mg and 300 mg, between 300 mg and 1,000 mg, or between 1 g and 10 g, inclusive, of a compound described herein. In certain embodiments, a dose described herein includes independently between 1 mg and 3 mg, inclusive, of a compound described herein. In certain embodiments, a dose described herein includes independently between 3 mg and 10 mg, inclusive, of a compound described herein. In certain embodiments, a dose described herein includes independently between 10 mg and 30 mg, inclusive, of a compound described herein. In certain embodiments, a dose described herein includes independently between 30 mg and 100 mg, inclusive, of a compound described herein.

[0210] Dose ranges as described herein provide guidance for the administration of provided pharmaceutical compositions to an adult. The amount to be administered to, for example, a child or an adolescent can be determined by a medical practitioner or person skilled in the art and can be lower or the same as that administered to an adult.

[0211] A compound or composition, as described herein, can be administered in combination with one or more additional pharmaceutical agents (e.g., therapeutically and/or prophylactically active agents). The compounds or compositions can be administered in combination with additional pharmaceutical agents that improve their activity (e.g., activity (e.g., potency and/or efficacy) in treating a disease in a subject in need thereof, in preventing a disease in a subject in need thereof, in inhibiting the activity of a kinase (e.g., JAK) in a subject, biological sample, or cell), improve bioavailability, improve safety, reduce drug resistance, reduce and/or modify metabolism, inhibit excretion, and/or modify distribution in a subject, biological sample, or cell. It will also be appreciated that the therapy employed may achieve a desired effect for the same disorder, and/or it may achieve different effects. In certain embodiments, a pharmaceutical composition described herein including a compound described herein and an additional pharmaceutical agent shows a synergistic effect that is absent in a pharmaceutical composition including one of the compound and the additional pharmaceutical agent, but not both.

[0212] The compound or composition can be administered concurrently with, prior to, or subsequent to one or more additional pharmaceutical agents, which may be useful as, e.g., combination therapies. Pharmaceutical agents include therapeutically active agents. Pharmaceutical agents also include prophylactically active agents. Pharmaceutical agents include small organic molecules such as drug compounds (e.g., compounds approved for human or veterinary use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as provided in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)), peptides, proteins, carbohydrates, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, nucleoproteins, mucoproteins, lipoproteins, synthetic polypeptides or proteins, small molecules linked to proteins, glycoproteins, steroids, nucleic acids, DNAs, RNAs, nucleotides, nucleosides, oligonucleotides, antisense oligonucleotides, lipids, hormones, vitamins, and cells. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is a pharmaceutical agent useful for treating and/or preventing a disease (e.g., proliferative disease, cancer, inflammatory disease, autoimmune disease, genetic disease, hematological disease, neurological disease, painful condition, psychiatric disorder, or metabolic disorder) or premalignant condition. Each additional pharmaceutical agent may be administered at a dose and/or on a time schedule determined for that pharmaceutical agent. The additional pharmaceutical agents may also be administered together with each other and/or with the compound or composition described herein in a single dose or administered separately in different doses. The particular combination to employ in a regimen will take into account compatibility of the compound described herein with the additional pharmaceutical agent(s) and/or the desired therapeutic and/or prophylactic effect to be achieved. In general, it is expected that the additional pharmaceutical agent(s) in combination be utilized at levels that do not exceed the levels at which they are utilized individually. In some embodiments, the levels utilized in combination will be lower than those utilized individually.

[0213] The additional pharmaceutical agents include, but are not limited to, cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, epigenetic modifiers, glucocorticoids, immunotherapeutic agents, anti-proliferative agents, anti-cancer agents, anti-angiogenesis agents, anti-inflammatory agents, immunosuppressants, anti-bacterial agents, anti-viral agents, cardiovascular agents, cholesterol-lowering agents, anti-diabetic agents, anti-allergic agents, contraceptive agents, pain-relieving agents, and a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is an anti-proliferative agent (e.g., anti-cancer agent). In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is an anti-leukemia agent. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is ABITREXATE (methotrexate), ADE, Adriamycin RDF (doxorubicin hydrochloride), Ambochlorin (chlorambucil), ARRANON (nelarabine), ARZERRA (ofatumumab), BOSULIF (bosutinib), BUSULFEX (busulfan), CAMPATH (alemtuzumab), CERUBIDINE (daunorubicin hydrochloride), CLAFEN (cyclophosphamide), CLOFAREX (clofarabine), CLOLAR (clofarabine), CVP, CYTOSAR-U (cytarabine), CYTOXAN (cyclophosphamide), ERWINAZE (Asparaginase Erwinia Chrysanthemi), FLUDARA (fludarabine phosphate), FOLEX (methotrexate), FOLEX PFS (methotrexate), GAZYVA (obinutuzumab), GLEEVEC (imatinib mesylate), Hyper-CVAD, ICLUSIG (ponatinib hydrochloride), IMBRUVICA (ibrutinib), LEUKERAN (chlorambucil), LINFOLIZIN (chlorambucil), MARQIBO (vincristine sulfate liposome), METHOTREXATE LPF (methorexate), MEXATE (methotrexate), MEXATE-AQ (methotrexate), mitoxantrone hydrochloride, MUSTARGEN (mechlorethamine hydrochloride), MYLERAN (busulfan), NEOSAR (cyclophosphamide), ONCASPAR (Pegaspargase), PURINETHOL (mercaptopurine), PURIXAN (mercaptopurine), Rubidomycin (daunorubicin hydrochloride), SPRYCEL (dasatinib), SYNRIBO (omacetaxine mepesuccinate), TARABINE PFS (cytarabine), TASIGNA (nilotinib), TREANDA (bendamustine hydrochloride), TRISENOX (arsenic trioxide), VINCASAR PFS (vincristine sulfate), ZYDELIG (idelalisib), or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is an anti-lymphoma agent. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is ABITREXATE (methotrexate), ABVD, ABVE, ABVE-PC, ADCETRIS (brentuximab vedotin), ADRIAMYCIN PFS (doxorubicin hydrochloride), ADRIAMYCIN RDF (doxorubicin hydrochloride), AMBOCHLORIN (chlorambucil), AMBOCLORIN (chlorambucil), ARRANON (nelarabine), BEACOPP, BECENUM (carmustine), BELEODAQ (belinostat), BEXXAR (tositumomab and iodine I 131 tositumomab), BICNU (carmustine), BLENOXANE (bleomycin), CARMUBRIS (carmustine), CHOP, CLAFEN (cyclophosphamide), COPP, COPP-ABV, CVP, CYTOXAN (cyclophosphamide), DEPOCYT (liposomal cytarabine), DTIC-DOME (dacarbazine), EPOCH, FOLEX (methotrexate), FOLEX PFS (methotrexate), FOLOTYN (pralatrexate), HYPER-CVAD, ICE, IMBRUVICA (ibrutinib), INTRON A (recombinant interferon alfa-2b), ISTODAX (romidepsin), LEUKERAN (chlorambucil), LINFOLIZIN (chlorambucil), Lomustine, MATULANE (procarbazine hydrochloride), METHOTREXATE LPF (methotrexate), MEXATE (methotrexate), MEXATE-AQ (methotrexate), MOPP, MOZOBIL (plerixafor), MUSTARGEN (mechlorethamine hydrochloride), NEOSAR (cyclophosphamide), OEPA, ONTAK (denileukin diftitox), OPPA, R-CHOP, REVLIMID (lenalidomide), RITUXAN (rituximab), STANFORD V, TREANDA (bendamustine hydrochloride), VAMP, VELBAN (vinblastine sulfate), VELCADE (bortezomib), VELSAR (vinblastine sulfate), VINCASAR PFS (vincristine sulfate), ZEVALIN (ibritumomab tiuxetan), ZOLINZA (vorinostat), ZYDELIG (idelalisib), or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is REVLIMID (lenalidomide), DACOGEN (decitabine), VIDAZA (azacitidine), CYTOSAR-U (cytarabine), IDAMYCIN (idarubicin), CERUBIDINE (daunorubicin), LEUKERAN (chlorambucil), NEOSAR (cyclophosphamide), FLUDARA (fludarabine), LEUSTATIN (cladribine), or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is ABITREXATE (methotrexate), ABRAXANE (paclitaxel albumin-stabilized nanoparticle formulation), AC, AC-T, ADE, ADRIAMYCIN PFS (doxorubicin hydrochloride), ADRUCIL (fluorouracil), AFINITOR (everolimus), AFINITOR DISPERZ (everolimus), ALDARA (imiquimod), ALIMTA (pemetrexed disodium), AREDIA (pamidronate disodium), ARIMIDEX (anastrozole), AROMASIN (exemestane), AVASTIN (bevacizumab), BECENUM (carmustine), BEP, BICNU (carmustine), BLENOXANE (bleomycin), CAF, CAMPTOSAR (irinotecan hydrochloride), CAPDX, CAPRELSA (vandetanib), CARBOPLATIN-TAXOL, CARMUBRIS (carmustine), CASODEX (bicalutamide), CEENU (lomustine), CERUBIDINE (daunorubicin hydrochloride), CERVARIX (recombinant HPV bivalent vaccine), CLAFEN (cyclophosphamide), CMF, COMETRIQ (cabozantinib-s-malate), COSMEGEN (dactinomycin), CYFOS (ifosfamide), CYRAMZA (ramucirumab), CYTOSAR-U (cytarabine), CYTOXAN (cyclophosphamide), DACOGEN (decitabine), DEGARELIX, DOXIL (doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome), DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE, DOX-SL (doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome), DTIC-DOME (dacarbazine), EFUDEX (fluorouracil), ELLENCE (epirubicin hydrochloride), ELOXATIN (oxaliplatin), ERBITUX (cetuximab), ERIVEDGE (vismodegib), ETOPOPHOS (etoposide phosphate), EVACET (doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome), FARESTON (toremifene), FASLODEX (fulvestrant), FEC, FEMARA (letrozole), FLUOROPLEX (fluorouracil), FOLEX (methotrexate), FOLEX PFS (methotrexate), FOLFIRI, FOLFIRI-BEVACIZUMAB, FOLFIRI-CETUXIMAB, FOLFIRINOX, FOLFOX, FU-LV, GARDASIL (recombinant human papillomavirus (HPV) quadrivalent vaccine), GEMCITABINE-CISPLATIN, GEMCITABINE-OXALIPLATIN, GEMZAR (gemcitabine hydrochloride), GILOTRIF (afatinib dimaleate), GLEEVEC (imatinib mesylate), GLIADEL (carmustine implant), GLIADEL WAFER (carmustine implant), HERCEPTIN (trastuzumab), HYCAMTIN (topotecan hydrochloride), IFEX (ifosfamide), IFOSFAMIDUM (ifosfamide), INLYTA (axitinib), INTRON A (recombinant interferon alfa-2b), IRES SA (gefitinib), IXEMPRA (ixabepilone), JAKAFI (ruxolitinib phosphate), JEVTANA (cabazitaxel), KADCYLA (ado-trastuzumab emtansine), KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab), KYPROLIS (carfilzomib), LIPODOX (doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome), LUPRON (leuprolide acetate), LUPRON DEPOT (leuprolide acetate), LUPRON DEPOT-3 MONTH (leuprolide acetate), LUPRON DEPOT-4 MONTH (leuprolide acetate), LUPRON DEPOT-PED (leuprolide acetate), MEGACE (megestrol acetate), MEKINIST (trametinib), METHAZOLAS TONE (temozolomide), METHOTREXATE LPF (methotrexate), MEXATE (methotrexate), MEXATE-AQ (methotrexate), MITOXANTRONE HYDROCHLORIDE, MITOZYTREX (mitomycin c), MOZOBIL (plerixafor), MUSTARGEN (mechlorethamine hydrochloride), MUTAMYCIN (mitomycin c), MYLOSAR (azacitidine), NAVELBINE (vinorelbine tartrate), NEOSAR (cyclophosphamide), NEXAVAR (sorafenib tosylate), NOLVADEX (tamoxifen citrate), NOVALDEX (tamoxifen citrate), OFF, PAD, PARAPLAT (carboplatin), PARAPLATIN (carboplatin), PEG-INTRON (peginterferon alfa-2b), PEMETREXED DISODIUM, PERJETA (pertuzumab), PLATINOL (cisplatin), PLATINOL-AQ (cisplatin), POMALYST (pomalidomide), prednisone, PROLEUKIN (aldesleukin), PROLIA (denosumab), PROVENGE (sipuleucel-t), REVLIMID (lenalidomide), RUBIDOMYCIN (daunorubicin hydrochloride), SPRYCEL (dasatinib), STIVARGA (regorafenib), SUTENT (sunitinib malate), SYLATRON (peginterferon alfa-2b), SYLVANT (siltuximab), SYNOVIR (thalidomide), TAC, TAFINLAR (dabrafenib), TARABINE PFS (cytarabine), TARCEVA (erlotinib hydrochloride), TASIGNA (nilotinib), TAXOL (paclitaxel), TAXOTERE (docetaxel), TEMODAR (temozolomide), THALOMID (thalidomide), TOPOSAR (etoposide), TORISEL (temsirolimus), TPF, TRISENOX (arsenic trioxide), TYKERB (lapatinib ditosylate), VECTIBIX (panitumumab), VEIP, VELBAN (vinblastine sulfate), VELCADE (bortezomib), VELSAR (vinblastine sulfate), VEPESID (etoposide), VIADUR (leuprolide acetate), VIDAZA (azacitidine), VINCASAR PFS (vincristine sulfate), VOTRIENT (pazopanib hydrochloride), WELLCOVORIN (leucovorin calcium), XALKORI (crizotinib), XELODA (capecitabine), XELOX, XGEVA (denosumab), XOFIGO (radium 223 dichloride), XTANDI (enzalutamide), YERVOY (ipilimumab), ZALTRAP (ziv-aflibercept), ZELBORAF (vemurafenib), ZOLADEX (goserelin acetate), ZOMETA (zoledronic acid), ZYKADIA (ceritinib), ZYTIGA (abiraterone acetate), ENMD-2076, PCI-32765, AC220, dovitinib lactate (TKI258, CHIR-258), BIBW 2992 (TOVOK™), SGX523, PF-04217903, PF-02341066, PF-299804, BMS-777607, ABT-869, MP470, BIBF 1120 (VARGATEF®), AP24534, JNJ-26483327, MGCD265, DCC-2036, BMS-690154, CEP-11981, tivozanib (AV-951), OSI-930, MM-121, XL-184, XL-647, and/or XL228), proteasome inhibitors (e.g., bortezomib (Velcade)), mTOR inhibitors (e.g., rapamycin, temsirolimus (CCI-779), everolimus (RAD-001), ridaforolimus, AP23573 (Ariad), AZD8055, BEZ235, BGT226, XL765, PF-4691502, GDC0980, SF1126, and OSI-027), oblimersen, gemcitabine, carminomycin, leucovorin, pemetrexed, cyclophosphamide, dacarbazine, procarbizine, prednisolone, dexamethasone, campathecin, plicamycin, asparaginase, aminopterin, methopterin, porfiromycin, melphalan, leurosidine, leurosine, chlorambucil, trabectedin, procarbazine, discodermolide, carminomycin-aminopterin, and hexamethyl melamine, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is a cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agent (e.g., gemcitabine, cytarabine, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, vincristine, 1-asparaginase, cyclophosphamide, or etoposide). In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is an epigenetic modifier such as azacitidine or romidepsin. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is ruxolitinib, BBT594, CHZ868, CYT387, or BMS911543. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is an inhibitor of a tyrosine kinase. In some embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is a topoisomerase inhibitor, a MCL1 inhibitor, a BCL-2 inhibitor, a BCL-xL inhibitor, a BRD4 inhibitor, a BRCA1 inhibitor, BRCA2 inhibitor, HER1 inhibitor, HER2 inhibitor, a CDK9 inhibitor, a Jumonji histone demethylase inhibitor, or a DNA damage inducer. In some embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is etoposide, obatoclax, navitoclax, JQ1, 4-(((5′-chloro-2′-(((1R,4R)-4-(((R)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl)amino)cyclohexyl)amino)-[2,4′-bipyridin]-6-yl)amino)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carbonitrile, JIB04, or cisplatin. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is a binder or inhibitor of a kinase (e.g., JAK, ABL1, CDC2L1, CDC2L2, CSF1R, DDR1, DDR2, FLT4, KIT, PDGFRB, RET, TAOK2, or a combination thereof). In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is an antibody or a fragment thereof (e.g., monoclonal antibody). In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is selected from the group consisting of epigenetic or transcriptional modulators (e.g., DNA methyltransferase inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDAC inhibitors), lysine methyltransferase inhibitors), antimitotic drugs (e.g., taxanes and vinca alkaloids), hormone receptor modulators (e.g., estrogen receptor modulators and androgen receptor modulators), cell signaling pathway inhibitors (e.g., tyrosine protein kinase inhibitors), modulators of protein stability (e.g., proteasome inhibitors), Hsp90 inhibitors, glucocorticoids, all-trans retinoic acids, and other agents that promote differentiation. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is a glucocorticoid (e.g., cortisol, cortisone, prednisone, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone, betamethasone, triamcinolone, fludrocortisone acetate, or deoxycorticosterone acetate). In certain embodiments, the additional therapy is an immunotherapy (e.g., an immunotherapeutic monoclonal antibody). In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is an immunomodulator. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is an immune checkpoint inhibitor. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is a programmed cell death 1 protein (PD-1) inhibitor. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is a programmed cell death 1 protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor. In certain embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is a T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3 (TIM3) inhibitor, lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG3) inhibitor, V-set domain-containing T-cell activation inhibitor 1 (VTCN1 or B7-H4) inhibitor, cluster of differentiation 276 (CD276 or B7-H3) inhibitor, B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) inhibitor, galectin-9 (GALS) inhibitor, checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) inhibitor, adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) inhibitor, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) inhibitor, killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) inhibitor, or V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) inhibitor. In certain embodiments, the PD-1 inhibitor is nivolumab, pidilizumab, pembrolizumab, MEDI-0680, REGN2810, or AMP-224. In certain embodiments, the PD-L1 inhibitor is atezolizumab, durvalumab, BMS-936559, avelumab, or CA-170. In certain embodiments, the CTLA-4 inhibitor is ipilimumab or tremelimumab. In certain embodiments, the compounds described herein or pharmaceutical compositions can be administered in combination with an anti-cancer therapy including, but not limited to, surgery, radiation therapy, and transplantation (e.g., stem cell transplantation, bone marrow transplantation).

[0214] Also encompassed by the present disclosure are kits (e.g., pharmaceutical packs). In certain embodiments, the kit comprises a compound or pharmaceutical composition described herein, and instructions for using the compound or pharmaceutical composition. In certain embodiments, the kit comprises a first container, wherein the first container includes the compound or pharmaceutical composition. In some embodiments, the kit further comprises a second container. In certain embodiments, the second container includes an excipient (e.g., an excipient for dilution or suspension of the compound or pharmaceutical composition). In certain embodiments, the second container includes an additional pharmaceutical agent. In some embodiments, the kit further comprises a third container. In certain embodiments, the third container includes an additional pharmaceutical agent. In some embodiments, the compound or pharmaceutical composition included in the first container and the excipient or additional pharmaceutical agent included in the second container are combined to form one unit dosage form. In some embodiments, the compound or pharmaceutical composition included in the first container, the excipient included in the second container, and the additional pharmaceutical agent included in the third container are combined to form one unit dosage form. In certain embodiments, each of the first, second, and third containers is independently a vial, ampule, bottle, syringe, dispenser package, tube, or inhaler.

[0215] In certain embodiments, the instructions are for administering the compound or pharmaceutical composition to a subject (e.g., a subject in need of treatment or prevention of a disease described herein). In certain embodiments, the instructions are for contacting a biological sample or cell with the compound or pharmaceutical composition. In certain embodiments, the instructions comprise information required by a regulatory agency, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMA). In certain embodiments, the instructions comprise prescribing information.

Methods of Use and Uses

[0216] The present disclosure provides methods of modulating (e.g., inhibiting or increasing) the activity (e.g., aberrant activity, such as increased or decreased activity) of a kinase (e.g., JAK (e.g., JAK2)). The present disclosure provides methods of modulating (e.g., inhibiting or increasing) the activity (e.g., undesired or aberrant activity, such as increased activity (e.g., activity above normal levels) or decreased activity (e.g., activity below normal levels)), of a kinase in a subject, biological sample, or cell. The present disclosure also provides methods for the treatment of a range of diseases and conditions, such as diseases and conditions associated with undesired or aberrant activity (e.g., increased activity) or overexpression of a kinase. In certain embodiments, the diseases include proliferative diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, genetic diseases, hematological diseases, neurological diseases, painful conditions, psychiatric disorders, metabolic disorders, benign neoplasms, diseases associated with angiogenesis, inflammatory diseases, autoinflammatory diseases, autoimmune diseases, and premalignant conditions.

[0217] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of treating a disease in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject in need thereof an effective amount (e.g., therapeutically effective amount) of a compound described herein or a pharmaceutical composition described herein.

[0218] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of preventing a disease in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject in need thereof an effective amount (e.g., prophylactically effective amount) of a compound described herein or a pharmaceutical composition described herein.

[0219] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of inhibiting the activity of a kinase in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising administering to the subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound described herein or a pharmaceutical composition described herein.

[0220] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of inhibiting the activity of a kinase in a biological sample (e.g., an in vitro biological sample), the method comprising contacting the biological sample with an effective amount of a compound described herein or a pharmaceutical composition described herein.

[0221] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of inhibiting the activity of a kinase in a cell (e.g., an in vitro cell), the method comprising contacting the cell with an effective amount of a compound described herein or a pharmaceutical composition described herein.

[0222] Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, in certain embodiments the compounds described herein are able to bind (e.g., covalently modify) the kinase being inhibited. In certain embodiments, a compound described herein is able to bind (e.g., covalently modify) to the kinase. In certain embodiments, the kinase is JAK. In certain embodiments, the kinase is JAK2. In certain embodiments, the kinase is JAK3. In certain embodiments, the kinase is JAK1. In certain embodiments, the kinase is TYK2.

[0223] In certain embodiments, provided are methods of decreasing the activity of a kinase (e.g., JAK (e.g., JAK2)) in a subject, biological sample, or cell by at least about 1%, at least about 3%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90%. In certain embodiments, the activity of a kinase in a subject, biological sample, or cell is decreased by at least about 1%, at least about 3%, at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, or at least about 90%. In some embodiments, the activity of a kinase in a subject, biological sample, or cell is selectively inhibited by the method. In some embodiments, the activity of a kinase (e.g., JAK2) in a subject, biological sample, or cell is selectively decreased by a compound or pharmaceutical composition described herein.

[0224] A disease, including proliferative disease, may be associated with aberrant or undesired activity of a kinase, and/or overexpression of the kinase. Aberrant or undesired activity of a kinase may be an increased or a decreased level of activity of the kinase. Proliferative diseases are sometimes associate with abnormal levels of JAK activity, frequently through increased or decreased JAK activation. Inhibition of the activity of JAK2 would be expected to inhibit phosphorylation. In certain embodiments, JAK2 is not overexpressed, but the activity of JAK2 is increased. In certain embodiments, JAK2 is overexpressed, and the activity of JAK2 is increased. The compounds and pharmaceutical compositions described herein may inhibit the activity of JAK2 and be useful in treating and/or preventing diseases, such as diseases associated with the aberrant, increased, or undesired activity of a kinase, overactivation of the kinase, and/or overexpression of the kinase.

[0225] JAK1 has been implicated in the signaling of the common gamma chain (γc) of type I cytokine receptors, to elicit signals from the IL-2 receptor family (e.g. IL-2R, IL-7R, IL-9R and IL-15R), the IL-4 receptor family (e.g. IL-4R and IL-13R), the gp130 receptor family (e.g. IL-6R, IL-11R, LIF-R, OSM-R, cardiotrophin-1 receptor (CT-1R), ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor (CNTF-R), and neurotrophin-1 receptor (NNT-1R) and Leptin-R.

[0226] JAK2 has been implicated in signaling by members of the type II cytokine receptor family (e.g. interferon receptors), the GM-CSF receptor family (IL-3R, IL-5R and GM-CSF-R), the gp130 receptor family (e.g., IL-6R), and the single chain receptors (e.g. Epo-R, Tpo-R, GH-R, PRL-R). JAK3 has been implicated in the signaling of the common gamma chain (yc) of the type I cytokine receptor family (e.g. IL-2R, IL-4R, IL-7R, IL-9R, IL-15R, and IL-21R). TYK2 has been implicated in the signaling of IFN-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12.

[0227] Ruxolitinib, a dual JAK1 and JAK2 inhibitor, first gained FDA approval for treatment of myelofibrosis in 2011. While the phase III Controlled Myelofibrosis Study with Oral JAK Inhibitor (COMFORT-I and -II) trials showed that the medication can reduce abnormal splenomegaly and constitutional symptoms, the majority of patients did not achieve a molecular response with reduced mutant allele burden, and improvement in survival was minimal (Harrison, C. et al. N Engl J Med 366, 787-798, (2012); Koppikar, P. et al. Nature 489, 155-159, (2012); Verstovsek, S. et al. N Engl J Med 366, 799-807, (2012)). Thus, there is a significant unmet medical need in the MPN population. Ruxolitinib has essentially no activity (IC.sub.50>20 μM) against cell lines or patient-derived xenografts from patients with CRLF2-rearranged B-ALL, but it can induce remarkable remissions in the rare subset of leukemias with TEL-JAK2 fusions (Roberts, K. G. et al. N Engl J Med 371, 1005-1015, (2014)). A major advance in this field came from the Levine laboratory, which demonstrated that persistent JAK2 signaling in the presence of an ATP-competitive type I JAK2 inhibitor, such as ruxolitinib, may result from heterodimerization and trans-phosphorylation of JAK2 with JAK1 or TYK2 (Koppikar, P. et al. Nature 489, 155-159, (2012)). This helps explain the commonly observed phenomenon that activation loop phosphorylation of JAK2 increases in the presence of type I JAK2 inhibitors. In the setting of JAK2 fusions, obligate homodimerization between TEL domains prevents heterodimerization, and thus these leukemias remain sensitive to type I inhibitors. Of note, CRLF2 signaling involves heterodimerization with the IL7Rα subunit and signaling through JAK2 (bound to CRLF2) and JAK1 (bound to IL7Rα) (Pandey, A. et al. Nat Immunol 1, 59-64 (2000)). Thus, persistent trans-phosphorylation of JAK2 is likely to explain the resistance of these B-ALLs to type I JAK2 inhibitors (Wu, S. C. et al. Cancer Cell 28, 29-41, (2015)).

[0228] Type II inhibitors lock the kinase domain in a closed conformation and therefore should overcome trans-phosphorylation of JAK2 by JAK1 or TYK2. In fact, the Levine lab demonstrated that BBT594, a type II inhibitor initially developed to target BCR-ABL T315I (Andraos, R. et al. Cancer discovery 2, 512-523, (2012)), abrogated persistent JAK2 signaling in myeloid cells refractory to treatment with a type I JAK2 inhibitor (Koppikar, P. et al. Nature 489, 155-159, (2012)). BBT594 has limitations in potency and selectivity for JAK2, and its pharmacokinetic properties preclude in vivo use. Mining the Novartis database for type II kinase inhibitors and cellular screening in JAK2 V617F-mutant SET2 cells to identify compounds that inhibit JAK2 and STAT5 phosphorylation revealed arylamino-benzimidazoles, originally described as RAF kinase inhibitors (Shiels, M. S. et al., Journal of the National Cancer Institute 103, 753-762, (2011)), as a starting point for drug design. Medicinal chemistry efforts led to the development of CHZ868, the first type II JAK2 inhibitor amenable to in vivo testing in transgenic and xenograft mouse models (Wu, S. C. et al., Cancer cell 28, 29-41, (2015)).

[0229] In certain embodiments, the disease (e.g., the disease to be treated or prevented by a method described herein) is associated with the increased activity of a kinase (e.g., JAK (e.g., JAK2)). In certain embodiments, the disease is associated with overexpression of a kinase (e.g., JAK (e.g., JAK2)). In certain embodiments, the disease is a proliferative disease. In certain embodiments, the disease is cancer. In certain embodiments, the cancer is a JAK-STAT-dependent cancer.

[0230] In certain embodiments, the cancer is a hematological malignancy. In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is a leukemia. In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL). In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is lymphoma. In some embodiments, the proliferative disease is Burkitt's lymphoma. In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is a Hodgkin's lymphoma. In certain embodiments, the proliferative disease is a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In certain embodiments, the cancer is essential thrombocythemia.

[0231] In certain embodiments, the cancer is a myeloma. In certain embodiments, the cancer is multiple myeloma. In certain embodiments, the cancer is myelofibrosis, myeloproliferative neoplasm, myeloid malignancy, or polycythemia vera.

[0232] In certain embodiments, the cancer is an adenocarcinoma. In certain embodiments, the cancer is a blastoma. In certain embodiments, the cancer is a carcinoma. In certain embodiments, the cancer is a sarcoma. In certain embodiments, the cancer is brain cancer. In certain embodiments, the cancer is pancreatic cancer.

[0233] In some embodiments, the disease is a benign neoplasm.

[0234] In certain embodiments, the disease is an inflammatory disease.

[0235] In some embodiments, the disease is an autoinflammatory disease. In certain embodiments, the autoimmune disease is psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, graft-versus-host disease, alopecia, alopecia universalis, or vitiligo.

[0236] In certain embodiments, the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.

[0237] In certain embodiments, the disease is causing a syndrome of wasting that comprises weight loss as a symptom.

[0238] In certain embodiments, the disease is a premalignant condition (e.g., clonal hematopoiesis).

[0239] In certain embodiments, the method described herein superior (e.g., showing improved safety and/or therapeutic effects) or comparable to existing therapy (e.g., chemotherapy).

[0240] In certain embodiments, the biological sample or cell (e.g., the biological sample or cell being contacted with a compound or pharmaceutical composition described herein) is in vitro. In certain embodiments, the biological sample or cell is in vivo. In certain embodiments, the biological sample or cell is ex vivo.

[0241] In certain embodiments, the cell is a malignant cell (e.g., cancer cell). In certain embodiments, the cell is a malignant blood cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a malignant bone marrow cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is an adenocarcinoma cell, blastoma cell, carcinoma cell, or sarcoma cell. In certain embodiments, the cell is a pre-malignant cell (e.g., pre-cancerous cell).

[0242] In certain embodiments, the method described herein further comprises administering to the subject in need thereof an additional therapy. In certain embodiments, the additional therapy is an additional pharmaceutical agent described herein. In certain embodiments, the additional therapy is a cytotoxic chemotherapy (e.g., gemcitabine, cytarabine, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, vincristine, l-asparaginase, cyclophosphamide, or etoposide). In certain embodiments, the additional therapy is an epigenetic modifier (e.g., azacitidine or romidepsin). In certain embodiments, the additional therapy is a glucocorticoid. In certain embodiments, the additional therapy is an immunotherapy (e.g., an immunotherapeutic monoclonal antibody). In some embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is etoposide, obatoclax, or navitoclax, and optionally the disease is breast cancer, e.g., triple-negative breast cancer, HER2 positive breast cancer, HER2 negative breast cancer, ER-positive breast cancer, ER-negative breast cancer, or ER/PR-positive breast cancer. In some embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is etoposide, JIB04, or cisplatin, and optionally the disease is Ewing's sarcoma. In some embodiments, the additional pharmaceutical agent is JQ1 or NVP2, and optionally the disease is leukemia, e.g., acute myelogenous leukemia, myeloblastic leukemia, promyelocytic leukemia, myelomonocytic leukemia, monocytic leukemia, monoblastic leukemia, or megakaryoblastic leukemia.

[0243] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides compounds and pharmaceutical compositions described herein for use in the treatment of a disease (e.g., a proliferative disease, such as cancer) in a subject in need thereof.

[0244] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides compounds and pharmaceutical compositions described herein for use in the prevention of a disease (e.g., a proliferative disease, such as cancer) in a subject in need thereof.

[0245] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides compounds and pharmaceutical compositions described herein for use in inhibiting the activity of a kinase in a subject in need thereof.

[0246] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides compounds and pharmaceutical compositions described herein for use in inhibiting the activity of a kinase in a biological sample (e.g., an in vivo or ex vivo biological sample).

[0247] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides compounds and pharmaceutical compositions described herein for use in inhibiting the activity of a kinase in a cell (e.g., an in vivo or ex vivo cell).

[0248] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides uses of compounds and pharmaceutical compositions described herein in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a disease in a subject in need thereof.

[0249] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides uses of compounds and pharmaceutical compositions described herein in the manufacture of a medicament for preventing a disease in a subject in need thereof.

[0250] The compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and kits described herein may synergistically augment inhibition of a kinase (e.g., JAK (e.g., JAK2)) induced by the additional pharmaceutical agent(s) in the biological sample or subject. Thus, the combination of the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, or kits with additional pharmaceutical agent(s) may be useful in treating diseases resistant to a treatment using the additional pharmaceutical agent(s) without the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, or kits described herein.

EXAMPLES

[0251] In order that the invention described herein may be more fully understood, the following examples are set forth. The synthetic and biological examples described in this application are offered to illustrate the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods provided herein and are not to be construed in any way as limiting their scope.

Example 1. Preparation of the Compounds of the Present Disclosure

[0252] Unless otherwise noted, reagents and solvents were used as received from commercial suppliers. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were obtained on Bruker AVANCE spectrometer at 400 MHz or 500 MHz for proton. Spectra are given in ppm (δ) and coupling constants, J, are reported in Hertz. The solvent peak was used as the reference peak for proton spectra. LC-MS spectra were obtained on Waters UPLC or Agilent 1100 HPLC LC-MS ion trap electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometer.

Intermediate A

[0253] ##STR00070##

4-(benzyloxy)-2-chloropyridine

[0254] To the solution of benzyl alcohol (18.5 g, 171.1 mmol) in THF (300 mL) was added NaH (13.7 g, 342.5 mmol) under 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 h, and then added 2-chloro-4-nitropyridine (27.1 g, 171.0 mmol). The resulting mixture was further stirred at 0° C. for 2 h, and then AcOH (15 mL) was added to quench the reaction. The resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (1 L×3), washed with brine (500 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate=10/1) to get 4-(benzyloxy)-2-chloropyridine (light yellow solid, 30 g, yield 80%). LCMS (m/z): 220 [M+H].sup.+.

4-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-amine

[0255] A three necked flask was charged with 4-(benzyloxy)-2-chloropyridine (15.1 g, 68.7 mmol), X-Phos (3.30 g, 6.92 mmol), Pd.sub.2(dba).sub.3 (3.15 g, 3.44 mmol) and THF (50 mL). The mixture was degassed with N2, and then added LiHMDS (138 mL, 138 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 65° C. under N.sub.2 for 6 h. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (1 L×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (500 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column (EA/MeOH=15/1) to get 3 (light yellow solid, 11.5 g, yield 84%). LCMS (m/z): 201 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0256] The mixture of 4-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-amine (18.4 g, 91.9 mmol), Ac.sub.2O (11.3 g, 110.7 mmol), Py (10.2 g, 128.9 mmol) in DCM (150 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (300 mL×4). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (200 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel (hexane/ethyl acetate=30% to 100%) to obtain N-(4-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (pale yellow solid, 26 g, yield 91%). LCMS (m/z): 243 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0257] The mixture of N-(4-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (6.0 g, 24.8 mmol), Pd/C (10%, 1.0 g) in MeOH (100 mL) was stirred at room temperature under H.sub.2 (1 atm) for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to give the title compound without further purification (light brown solid, 3.4 g, 91%). LCMS: 153 (M+H).sup.+.

Compound I-10

[0258] ##STR00071##

N-(4-(4-amino-5-nitropyrimidin-2-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0259] The mixture of 2-chloro-5-nitropyrimidin-4-amine (120 mg, 0.687 mmol), N-(4-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)acetamide (100 mg, 0.657 mmol), Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 (185 mg, 1.75 mmol) in acetone was stirred at room temperature overnight. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column (hexane/ethyl acetate=1/1) to obtain N-(4-((4-amino-5-nitropyrimidin-2-yl)oxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (white solid, 80 mg, yield 40%). LCMS (m/z): 291 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-(4,5-diaminopyrimidin-2-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0260] The mixture of N-(4-((4-amino-5-nitropyrimidin-2-yl)oxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (30 mg, 0.103 mmol), Raney Ni (10 mg) in EtOH (15 mL) was stirred at room temperature under H.sub.2 (1 atm) for 4 h. The reaction mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to give the title compound without further purification (brown solid, 26 mg, 97%). LCMS (m/z): 261 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-(8-(2,4-difluorophenylamino)-7H-purin-2-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0261] The mixture of N-(4-(4,5-diaminopyrimidin-2-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (40 mg, 0.154 mmol), 2,4-difluoro-1-isothiocyanatobenzene (35 mg, 0.204 mmol) in THF (4 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 3 h, and then EDCI (60 mg, 0.313 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was further stirred at 50° C. for 4 h. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by prep-TLC (DCM/MeOH=10/1) and prep-HPLC (C18 column, CH.sub.3CN/H.sub.2O, containing 0.05% NH.sub.4HCO.sub.3) to obtain I-10 (white solid, 2 mg, yield 3%). LCMS (m/z): 398 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) δ 10.56 (s, 1H), 8.31 (s+t, 2H), 8.24 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (s, 1H), 7.37 (td, J.sub.1=7.6 Hz, J.sub.2=2.8 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (td, J.sub.1=8.0 Hz, J.sub.2=2.8 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (dd, J.sub.1=6.0 Hz, J.sub.2=2.4 Hz, 1H), 2.06 (s, 3H).

##STR00072##

N-(4-((8-((4-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)-7H-purin-2-yl)oxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0262] I-16 is prepared by using the same procedure as for I-10. 1-Ethyl-4-(4-isothiocyanato-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)piperazine was used in the las step. LCMS: 556 (M+H).sup.+.

##STR00073##

6-bromo-N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-amine

[0263] The mixture of 6-bromo-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-amine (550 mg, 2.58 mmol), 2,4-difluoro-1-iodobenzene (745 mg, 3.10 mmol), CS.sub.2CO.sub.3 (2.53 g, 7.77 mmol), Xant-phos (300 mg, 0.518 mmol), and Pd.sub.2(dba).sub.3 (237 mg, 0.259 mmol) in dioxane (10 mL) was stirred at 95° C. for 16 h. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column (hexane/ethyl acetate=1/5) to get 6-bromo-N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-amine (brown solid, 600 mg, yield 72%). LCMS (m/z): 325 [M+H].sup.+.

6-bromo-N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-amine

[0264] To the mixture of 6-bromo-N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-amine (270 mg, 0.830 mmol), Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3 (541 mg, 1.66 mmol) in CH.sub.3CN (10 mL) was added PMBCl (195 mg, 1.25 mmol). The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column (hexane/ethyl acetate=10/1) to get 6-bromo-N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-amine (light yellow solid, 200 mg, yield 54%). LCMS (m/z): 445 [M+H].sup.+.

6-(2-aminopyridin-4-yloxy)-N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-amine

[0265] The mixture of 6-bromo-N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-amine (65 mg, 0.146 mmol), N-(4-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)acetamide (34 mg, 0.223 mmol), CuI (3 mg, 0.0158 mmol), L-proline (2 mg, 0.0174 mmol), K.sub.3PO.sub.4 (93 mg, 0.438 mmol) in DMSO (1 mL) was stirred at 140° C. for 5 h. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by prep-TLC (DCM/ethyl acetate=5/1) to get 64(2-aminopyridin-4-yl)oxy)-N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-amine (brown solid, 21 mg, yield 30%). LCMS (m/z): 475 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-(2-((2,4-difluorophenyl)(4-methoxybenzyl)amino)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0266] The mixture of 6-((2-aminopyridin-4-yl)oxy)-N-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-amine (15 mg, 0.0316 mmol), Ac.sub.2O (10 mg, 0.0980 mmol) and Pyridine (0.3 mL) in DCM (3 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated to obtain N-(44(24(2,4-difluorophenyl)(4-methoxybenzyl)amino)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a] pyridin-6-yl)oxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (light brown solid, 15 mg, yield 94%). LCMS (m/z): 517 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-(2-(2,4-difluorophenylamino)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0267] The mixture of N-(44(24(2,4-difluorophenyl)(4-methoxybenzyl)amino)-[1,2,4]triazolo [1,5-a]pyridin-6-yl)oxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (12 mg, 0.0232 mmol) and TFA (2 mL) in DCM (1 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed by flushing N2. The residue was purified by prep-TLC (DCM/MeOH—NH.sub.3=10/1) to get I-11 (off-white solid, 2 mg, 22%). LCMS (m/z): 397 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) δ 9.20 (s, 1H), 8.94 (s, 1H), 8.04-8.09 (m, 2H), 7.51-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.21-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.08-7.17 (m, 2H), 6.69 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 2.03 (s, 3H).

##STR00074##

5-fluoro-N-methyl-2-nitroaniline

[0268] The mixture of 2,4-difluoro-1-nitrobenzene (6.5 g, 40.9 mmol) and MeNH.sub.2 (EtOH solution, 10 mL) in THF (50 mL) was stirred at 0° C. to room temperature overnight. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (100 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated to obtained 5-fluoro-N-methyl-2-nitroaniline (yellow solid, 6.7 g, yield 96%). LCMS (m/z): 171 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-(3-(methylamino)-4-nitrophenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0269] The mixture of 5-fluoro-N-methyl-2-nitroaniline (1.5 g, 8.82 mmol), N-(4-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)acetamide (1.4 g, 9.20 mmol) and Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 (991 mg, 9.35 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was stirred at 90° C. overnight. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (100 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column (hexane/ethyl acetate=1/1) to obtain N-(4-(3-(methylamino)-4-nitrophenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (yellow solid, 1.5 g, yield 56%). LCMS (m/z): 303 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-(4-amino-3-(methylamino)phenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0270] The mixture of N-(4-(3-(methylamino)-4-nitrophenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (160 mg, 0.529 mmol) and Raney Ni (40 mg) in EtOH (15 mL) was stirred at room temperature under H.sub.2 (1 atm) overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to give the title compound without further purification (brown solid, 140 mg, 97%). LCMS (m/z): 273 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-(2-(2,4-difluorophenylamino)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0271] The mixture of N-(4-(4-amino-3-(methylamino)phenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (140 mg, 0.514 mmol), 2,4-difluoro-1-isothiocyanatobenzene (90 mg, 0.526 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 h, and then EDCI (200 mg, 1.04 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was further stirred at 50° C. overnight. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (C18 column, CH.sub.3CN/H.sub.2O, containing 0.05% NH.sub.4HCO.sub.3) to obtain I-1 (white solid, 83 mg, yield 40%). LCMS (m/z): 410 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) δ 10.47 (s, 1H), 8.67 (s, 1H), 8.14 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.87-7.91 (m, 1H), 7.64 (d, J=1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.31-7.36 (d+td, 2H), 7.23 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J.sub.1=8.4 Hz, J.sub.2=1.6 Hz, 1H), 6.61 (dd, J.sub.1=5.6 Hz, J.sub.2=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.68 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H).

##STR00075##

6-chloro-N-methyl-3-nitropyridin-2-amine

[0272] To the solution of 2,6-dichloro-3-nitropyridine (5.0 g, 25.9 mmol) in EtOH (30 mL) was added MeNH.sub.2 in EtOH (5 mL) at 0° C., then followed by Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 (4.1 g, 38.7 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. to room temperature overnight. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (100 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated to obtained 6-chloro-N-methyl-3-nitropyridin-2-amine (yellow solid, 4.4 g, yield 92%). LCMS (m/z): 188 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-(6-(methylamino)-5-nitropyridin-2-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0273] The mixture of 6-chloro-N-methyl-3-nitropyridin-2-amine (1.5 g, 8.00 mmol), N-(4-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)acetamide (1.3 g, 8.54 mmol) and Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 (933 mg, 8.80 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was stirred at 90° C. overnight. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column (hexane/ethyl acetate=1/1) to obtain N-(4-((6-(methylamino)-5-nitropyridin-2-yl)oxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (yellow solid, 1.4 g, yield 58%). LCMS (m/z): 304 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-(5-amino-6-(methylamino)pyridin-2-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0274] The mixture of N-(4-((6-(methylamino)-5-nitropyridin-2-yl)oxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (160 mg, 0.528 mmol) and Raney Ni (40 mg) in EtOH (15 mL) was stirred at room temperature under H.sub.2 (1 atm) overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to give the title compound without further purification (brown solid, 140 mg, 97%). LCMS (m/z): 274 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-(2-(2,4-difluorophenylamino)-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-5-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0275] The mixture of N-(4-((5-amino-6-(methylamino)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (140 mg, 0.512 mmol), 2,4-difluoro-1-isothiocyanatobenzene (90 mg, 0.526 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 h, then EDCI was added (200 mg, 1.04 mmol). The reaction mixture was further stirred at 50° C. overnight. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (C18 column, CH.sub.3CN/H.sub.2O, containing 0.05% NH.sub.4HCO.sub.3) to obtain I-12 (white solid, 81 mg, yield 39%). LCMS (m/z): 411 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) δ 10.53 (s, 1H), 8.94 (s, 1H), 8.19 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.90-7.94 (m, 1H), 7.77 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (s, 1H), 7.37 (td, J.sub.1=7.2 Hz, J.sub.2=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.73 (dd, J.sub.1=5.6 Hz, J.sub.2=2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 2.05 (s, 3H).

##STR00076##

N-(4-((2-((4-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-5-yl)oxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0276] I-15 is prepared by using the same procedure as for I-12. 1-Ethyl-4-(4-isothiocyanato-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)piperazine was used in the last step. LCMS: 569 (M+H).sup.+.

##STR00077##

N-(4-((8-((4-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)-9-methyl-9H-purin-2-yl)oxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0277] I-17 is prepared by using the same procedure as for I-12. 2,4-dichloro-5-nitropyrimidine was used in the first step. LCMS: 570 (M+H).sup.+.

##STR00078##

Methyl 4-hydroxypicolinate

[0278] A mixture of 4-hydroxypicolinic acid (3.0 g, 21.6 mmol) and HCl (0.6 ml) in dry MeOH (40 ml) was stirred at 50° C. under nitrogen for 22 h. MeOH was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was basified by addition of a solution of 10% aq. NaHCO.sub.3. The mixture was extracted with DCM (3×100 mL). The combined organic layer washed with brine (20 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated to give methyl 4-hydroxypicolinate as a beige solid. LCMS (m/z): 154 [M+H].sup.+.

Methyl 4-((6-(methylamino)-5-nitropyridin-2-yl)oxy)picolinate

[0279] The mixture of 6-chloro-N-methyl-3-nitropyridin-2-amine (1.5 g, 8.00 mmol), methyl 4-hydroxypicolinate (1.3 g, 8.44 mmol) and Na2CO3 (933 mg, 8.80 mmol) in DMF (10 mL) was stirred at 90° C. overnight. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column (hexane/acetate=1/1) to obtain methyl 4-((6-(methylamino)-5-nitropyridin-2-yl)oxy)picolinate (yellow solid, 1.4 g, yield 46%). LCMS (m/z): 305 [M+H].sup.+.

methyl 4-((5-amino-6-(methylamino)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)picolinate

[0280] The mixture of methyl 4-((6-(methylamino)-5-nitropyridin-2-yl)oxy)picolinate (160 mg, 0.528 mmol) and Raney Ni (40 mg) in EtOH (15 mL) was stirred at room temperature under H.sub.2 (1 atm) overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to give the title compound without further purification (brown solid, 140 mg, 97%). LCMS (m/z): 275 [M+H].sup.+.

Methyl 4-((2-((2,4-difluorophenyl)amino)-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-5-yl)oxy) picolinate

[0281] The mixture of methyl 4-((5-amino-6-(methylamino) pyridin-2-yl)oxy)picolinate (140 mg, 0.512 mmol) and 2,4-difluoro-1-isothiocyanatobenzene (90 mg, 0.526 mmol) in THF (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 h, then EDCI (200 mg, 1.04 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was further stirred at 50° C. overnight. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC (C18 column, CH.sub.3CN/H.sub.2O) to obtain I-13 (white solid, 81 mg, yield 39%). LCMS (m/z): 412 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) δ 8.97 (s, 1H), 8.61 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.87-7.93 (m, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.14 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.63 (s, 3H).

4-((2-((2,4-difluorophenyl)amino)-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-5-yl)oxy)picolinic acid

[0282] To a solution of methyl 4-((2-((2,4-difluorophenyl)amino)-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridin-5-yl)oxy) picolinate (50 mg, 0.12 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was add 1 mL of 3N LiOH aqueous solution. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, and then purified by prep-HPLC (C18 column, CH.sub.3CN/H.sub.2O, containing 0.05% NH.sub.4HCO.sub.3) to obtain I-14 (white solid, 10 mg, yield 21%). LCMS (m/z): 398 [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) δ 8.98 (s, 1H), 8.63 (s, 1H), 7.90 (m, 1H), 7.80 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (s, 1H), 7.47-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.22 (m, 1H), 7.14 (m, 1H), 6.92 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 3.63 (s, 3H).

##STR00079##

1-Ethyl-4-(4-isothiocyanato-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)piperazine

[0283] The mixture of 4-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline (150 mg, 0.522 mmol), 1,1′-thiocarbonyldiimidazole (93 mg, 1.044 mmol) and imidazole (11 mg, 0.157 mmol) in anhydrous CH.sub.3CN (10 mL) was stirred at 0° C. to room temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give the crude product without further purification (light yellow oil, 170 mg, yield 99%). LCMS (m/z): 330.0 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-(2-(44(4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylamino)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0284] The mixture of N-(4-(4-amino-3-(methylamino)phenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (70 mg, 0.257 mmol) and 1-ethyl-4-(4-isothiocyanato-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)piperazine (170 mg, 0.517 mmol) in anhydrous THF (10 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 h, then EDCI (99 mg, 0.514 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 3 h. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column (DCM/MeOH=10/1), and then further purified by prep-HPLC to give I-2 (white solid, 35.15 mg, yield 24%). LCMS (m/z): 568.0 [M+H].sup.+. 284.7 1/2[M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 500 MHz): δ 10.49 (s, 1H), 9.32 (s, 1H), 8.25 (d, J=2 Hz, 1H), 8.20-8.14 (m, 2H), 7.69 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 7.46 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (d, J=2 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (dd, J.sub.1=2.2 Hz, J.sub.2=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.62 (dd, J.sub.1=2.2 Hz, J.sub.2=5.8 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.55 (s, 2H), 2.41-2.30 (m, 8H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 0.99 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

##STR00080##

1-ethyl-4-(3-isothiocyanato-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)piperazine

[0285] The mixture of 3-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)aniline (130 mg, 0.452 mmol), 1,1′-thiocarbonyldiimidazole (161 mg, 0.904 mmol) and imidazole (9 mg, 0.136 mmol) in anhydrous CH.sub.3CN (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 3 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to give the crude title compound without further purification (light yellow oil, 145 mg, yield 97%). LCMS (m/z): 330.1 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-(2-(3-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenylamino)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0286] The mixture of N-(4-(4-amino-3-(methylamino)phenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (41 mg, 0.152 mmol) and 1-ethyl-4-(3-isothiocyanato-5-(trifluoro methyl)benzyl)piperazine (50 mg, 0.152 mmol) in anhydrous THF (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 3 h, then EDCI (58 mg, 0.304 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 5 h. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column (DCM/MeOH=10/1), and then further purified by prep-HPLC to give I-3 (white solid, 1.48 mg, yield 2%). LCMS (m/z): 568.3 [M+H].sup.+. 284.7 1/2[M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6, 400 MHz): δ 10.49 (s, 1H), 9.36 (s, 1H), 8.36 (s, 1H), 8.16 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (s, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (d, J.sub.1=2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 6.88 (dd, J.sub.1=2.2 Hz, J.sub.2=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.63 (dd, J.sub.1=2.2 Hz, J.sub.2=5.8 Hz, 1H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.56 (s, 2H), 2.48-2.32 (m, 10H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 0.99 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 3H).

##STR00081##

3-chloro-2-methyl-6-nitroaniline

[0287] A mixture of 2,6-dichloro-3-nitrotoluene (10.697 g, 50 mmol, 1.0 eq) and 7 N NH.sub.3 in MeOH (700 mL, 4.9 mol, 98.0 eq) were stirred at 130° C. for 18 h in the autoclave. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was evaporated to dryness and redissolved in DCM. After filtration, the filtrate was evaporated, and the crude product was purified with flash column chromatograph (ethyl acetate/hexane=5% to 10%) to give 3-chloro-2-methyl-6-nitroaniline (3.494 g, 97% purity, 37% isolated yield) as a dark yellow solid. LCMS (m/z): 187 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-(3-amino-2-methyl-4-nitrophenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0288] To a solution of NaH (60% in oil, 876 mg, 21.56 mmol, 1.4 equiv) in 40 mL DMF was added N-(4-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)acetamide (3525 mg, 23.1 mmol, 1.5 equiv) in 60 mL DMF at 0° C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 40 min, then further stirred at room temperature for 1 h. 3-Chloro-2-methyl-6-nitroaniline (2844 mg, 15.4 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in 40 mL DMF was added dropwise and then stirred at 140° C. for 30 h. After cooling to room temperature, 250 mL saturated aqueous NaCl was added. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (250 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (100 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated to give the target compound as a yellow solid (2.048 g, 44% isolated yield). LCMS (m/z): 303.0 [M+H].sup.+, LCMS (m/z): 325.0 [M+Na]+; .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) δ=10.60 (s, 1H), 8.21 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (s, 2H), 6.69 (dd, J=5.6 Hz, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 2.05 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H).

N-(4-(3,4-diamino-2-methylphenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0289] To a mixture of N-(4-(3-amino-2-methyl-4-nitrophenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (903 mg, 3.0 mmol, 1.0 equiv), Zn (978 mg, 15.0 mmol, 5.0 equiv) and NH.sub.4C.sub.1 (801 mg, 15.0 mmol, 5.0 equiv) was added 60 mL THF, 15 mL H.sub.2O and 15 mL MeOH. The reaction mixture was stirred at 80° C. for 2 h, and then concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (MeOH/EA=0%-1%) to give the target compound (1.095 g) as an orange solid. LCMS (m/z): 273.0 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-(2-(2,4-difluorophenylamino)-4-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0290] The mixture of N-(4-(3,4-diamino-2-methylphenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (276 mg, 1.0 mmol, 1.0 equiv) and 2,4-difluoro-1-isothiocyanatobenzene (246 mg, 1.3 mmol, 1.3 equiv) in anhydrous THF (20 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 3 h under N.sub.2, and then EDCI (388 mg, 2.0 mmol, 2.0 equiv) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 4 h. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography with hexane/ethyl acetate (2:1) to give the target compound, which was further purified by prep-HPLC to give I-4 (100 mg, 25% yield). LCMS (m/z): 410 [M+H].sup.+; .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) δ=11.12 (s, 0.3H), 10.82 (s, 0.7H), 10.44 (s, 1H), 9.27 (s, 0.7H), 8.78 (s, 0.3H), 8.70-8.40 (m, 1H), 8.12 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.40-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (t, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.85-6.70 (m, 1H), 6.54 (dd, J=5.6 Hz, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 2.25-2.18 (m, 3H), 2.01

##STR00082##

N-(4-chloropyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0291] The mixture of 4-chloropyridin-2-amine (2500 mg, 19.446 mmol), acetic anhydride (2978 mg, 29.169 mmol) and pyridine (2.2 mL) in DCM (80 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 26 h. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (100 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated to give N-(4-chloropyridin-2-yl) acetamide (2.503 g, yield 75%) as a white solid. LCMS (m/z): 171.0 [M+H].sup.+.

4-(methylamino)-3-nitrophenol

[0292] The mixture of 4-(methylamino)-3-nitrophenol (4.5 g, 28.644 mmol), CH.sub.3NH.sub.2 (13 mL) in NMP (30 mL) was stirred at 50° C. for 20 h. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (100 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column to give 4-(methylamino)-3-nitrophenol (2.6 g, yield 54%). LCMS (m/z): 169.1 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-(4-(methylamino)-3-nitrophenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0293] The mixture of 4-(methylamino)-3-nitrophenol (740 mg, 4.400 mmol), N-(4-chloropyridin -2-yl)acetamide (500 mg, 2.931 mmol) and K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (1216 mg, 8.793 mmol) in DMF (15 mL) was stirred at 130° C. for 48 h in a sealed tube. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (100 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (50 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column (hexane/ethyl acetate=1:1) to give the target compound (220 mg, yield 12.4%). LCMS (m/z): 303.0 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-(3-amino-4-(methylamino)phenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0294] The mixture of N-(4-(4-(methylamino)-3-nitrophenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (220 mg, 0.728 mmol) and Raney Ni (100 mg) in EtOH (10 mL) was purged with H2 for five times, and then stirred at room temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by prep-TLC to give the desire compound (42 mg, yield 46.6%). LCMS (m/z): 273.0 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-(2-(4-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylamino)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0295] The mixture of 1-ethyl-4-(4-isothiocyanato-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)piperazine (67 mg, 0.202 mmol) and N-(4-(3-amino-4-(methylamino)phenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (55 mg, 0.202 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 3 h, and then EDCI (116 mg, 0.606 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 30 h. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by prep-TLC and prep-HPLC to give I-7 (9.79 mg, yield 9%). LCMS (m/z): 568, [M+H].sup.+, 284.7, [1/2M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) δ 10.46 (s, 1H), 9.39 (s, 1H), 8.34 (s, 1H), 8.15 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (s, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=2 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=2 Hz, 2H), 6.90 (dd, J.sub.1=2.4 Hz, J.sub.2=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.63 (dd, J.sub.1=2.4 Hz, J.sub.2=5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.54 (s, 2H), 2.41-2.29 (m, 10H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 0.97 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

##STR00083##

N-(4-(2-(2,4-difluorophenylamino)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0296] The mixture of N-(4-(3-amino-4-(methylamino)phenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (130 mg, 0.452 mmol) and 2,4-difluoro-1-isothiocyanatobenzene (161 mg, 0.904 mmol), 1H-imidazole (9 mg, 0.136 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 3 h, then EDCI (113 mg, 0.588 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 30 h. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by prep-TLC and prep-HPLC to give I-8 (17.90 mg, yield 15%) as white solid. LCMS (m/z): 410.02, [M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) δ 10.45 (s, 1H), 8.74 (s, 1H), 8.13 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.94-7.88 (m, 1H), 7.60 (d, J=2 Hz, 1H), 7.39-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.13-7.8 (m, 2H), 6.84 (dd, J.sub.1=2.4 Hz, J.sub.2=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (dd, J.sub.1=2.6 Hz, J.sub.2=5.8 Hz, 1H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H).

##STR00084##

N-(4-(2-(3-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenylamino)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0297] The mixture of 1-ethyl-4-(3-isothiocyanato-5-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)piperazine (67 mg, 0.202 mmol) and N-(4-(3-amino-4-(methylamino)phenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (55 mg, 0.202 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 h, then EDCI (116 mg, 0.606 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 30 h. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by prep-TLC and prep-HPLC to give I-9 (9.74 mg, yield 9%). LCMS (m/z): 568, [M+H].sup.+, 284.7, [½M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) δ 10.46 (s, 1H), 9.34 (s, 1H), 8.24 (s, 1H), 8.19 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.15 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J=2 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (dd, J.sub.1=1.8 Hz, J.sub.2=8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.62 (dd, J.sub.1=2.4 Hz, J.sub.2=5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 3.54 (s, 2H), 2.40-2.31 (m, 10H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 0.98 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

##STR00085##

N-(4-(2-(4-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylamino)-4-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0298] The mixture of 1-ethyl-4-(4-isothiocyanato-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)piperazine (67 mg, 0.202 mmol) and N-(4-(3,4-diamino-2-methylphenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (55 mg, 0.202 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 2 h, then EDCI (116 mg, 0.606 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by prep-TLC and prep-HPLC to give I-5 (15.8 mg, yield 14%). LCMS (m/z): 568.0.

##STR00086##

3-chloro-N, 2-dimethyl-6-nitroaniline

[0299] The mixture of 1,3-dichloro-2-methyl-4-nitrobenzene (10000 mg, 48.537 mmol) and CH.sub.3NH.sub.2 (27% in EtOH solution, 10 mL) in NMP (80 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 16 h in seal tube. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (500 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (200 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column (hexane:ethyl acetate=5:1) to give 3-chloro-N, 2-dimethyl-6-nitroaniline (5.4 g, yield 55.6%) as an orange solid. LCMS (m/z): 201.1 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-(2-methyl-3-(methylamino)-4-nitrophenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0300] The mixture of 3-chloro-N, 2-dimethyl-6-nitroaniline (1520 mg, 7.6 mmol), N-(4-hydroxy pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (1155 mg, 7.6 mmol) and K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (2098 mg, 15.2 mmol) in NMP (30 mL) was stirred at 130° C. for 16 h in a sealed tube. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (100 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by silica gel column (DCM:MeOH=20:1) to give the target compound (287 mg, yield 11.9%). LCMS (m/z): 317.2 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-(4-amino-2-methyl-3-(methylamino)phenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0301] The mixture of N-(4-(2-methyl-3-(methylamino)-4-nitrophenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (287 mg, 0.908 mmol) and Raney Ni (100 mg) in EtOH (10 mL) was purged with H2 for five times, and then stirred at room temperature for 4 h. The reaction mixture was filtered. The filtrate was concentrated and purified by prep-TLC to give the desire compound (210 mg, yield 81%). LCMS (m/z): 287.2 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-(2-(4-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylamino)-1,7-dimethyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide

[0302] The mixture of 1-ethyl-4-(4-isothiocyanato-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)piperazine (95 mg, 0.289 mmol) and N-(4-(4-amino-2-methyl-3-(methylamino)phenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)acetamide (83 mg, 0.289 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was stirred at room for 1 h, then EDCI (111 mg, 0.578 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 30 h. The resulting mixture was diluted with water, and then extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL×3). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (20 mL×2), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated. The residue was purified by prep-TLC (DCM:MeOH=10:1), then prep-HPLC to give the target compound (21.54 mg, yield 13%) as white solid. LCMS (m/z): 582, [M+H].sup.+. 291.7 [½ M+H].sup.+. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) δ 10.47 (s, 1H), 9.24 (s, 1H), 8.18 (d, J=2 Hz, 1H), 8.12 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 2H), 7.65 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.29 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (dd, J.sub.1=2.4 Hz, J.sub.2=5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 3.55 (s, 2H), 2.51-2.32 (m, 12H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.00 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

##STR00087##

N-(4-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxamide

[0303] To a mixture of 4-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-amine (500 mg, 2.5 mmol) in DCM (20 mL) was added pyridine (395 mg, 5 mmol), and then the solution of tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carbonyl chloride (370 mg, 2.5 mmol) in DCM (3 mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt overnight and concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified via column chromatography on silica gel (MeOH/DCM, 2.2%) to afford the product (600 mg, yield 77%) as a white solid. LCMS (m/z): 313.2 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxamide

[0304] The mixture of N-(4-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxamide (600 mg, 1.92 mmol) and Pd/C (10%, 300 mg) in MeOH (50 mL) was stirred at rt under hydrogen (1 atm) for 2 hours. The mixture was filtered and concentrated to leave crude product (380 mg, yield 90%) as a colorless gum. LCMS (m/z): 223.1 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-(3-(methylamino)-4-nitrophenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxamide

[0305] The mixture of N-(4-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxamide (222 mg, 1.0 mmol), 5-fluoro-N-methyl-2-nitroaniline (204 mg, 1.2 mmol) and K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (276 mg, 2 mmol) in NMP (5 mL) was stirred at 90° C. for 3 hours. The mixture was filtered and purified by column chromatography on silica gel (ethyl acetate) to afford the product (160 mg, yield 43%) as brown solid. LCMS (m/z): 373.2 [M+H].sup.+.

N-(4-(4-amino-3-(methylamino)phenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxamide

[0306] The mixture of N-(4-(3-(methylamino)-4-nitrophenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxamide (80 mg, 0.22 mmol) and Pd/C (10%, 80 mg) in MeOH (20 mL) was stirred at room temperature under hydrogen (1 atm) for 2 hours. The mixture was filtered and concentrated to leave crude product (70 mg, yield 91%) as a colorless gum. LCMS (m/z): 343.2 [M+H]+.

N-(4-(4-(3-(4-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)thioureido)-3-(methylamino)phenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxamide

[0307] To a solution of N-(4-(4-amino-3-(methylamino)phenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxamide (70 mg, 0.2 mmol) in dry THF (30 mL) was added 1-ethyl-4-(4-isothiocyanato-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)piperazine (135 mg, 0.4 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt under nitrogen overnight. The reaction mixture was used directly in the next step without any workup.

N-(4-(2-(4-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylamino)-3-methyl-3H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxamide

[0308] To the reaction mixture from last step was added EDCI (92 mg, 0.48 mmol). The mixture was purged with nitrogen and stirred at 50° C. for 7 hours. The mixture was concentrated, and the residue was diluted with ethyl acetate (90 mL). The organic layer was washed with brine (60 mL×3), dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The resulting residue was then purified by column chromatography on silica gel (dilute with MeOH/DCM, 8%) to afford crude product (82 mg) as a light yellow solid, which was re-purified by preparative HPLC to afford I-18 (36 mg, 28%) as a light yellow solid. LCMS (m/z): 638.4 [M+H].sup.+; .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) δ (ppm): 10.45 (s, 1H), 9.31 (s, 1H), 8.24-8.16 (m, 3H), 7.67-7.64 (m, 2H), 7.43 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (s, 1H), 6.86 (dd, J1=8.4 Hz, J2=2 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (dd, J1=5.6 Hz, J2=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.87-3.83 (m, 2H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 3.55 (s, 2H), 3.25-3.24 (m, 2H), 2.69-2.66 (m, 1H), 2.40-2.28 (m, 10H), 1.64-1.53 (m, 4H), 0.98 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H). .sup.19F NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) δ (ppm): −57.78.

##STR00088##

Tert-butyl 4-((4-((2-((4-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)oxy)pyridin-2-yl)carbamoyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (053-1)

[0309] Intermediate 053-1 is prepared by using the same procedure as for I-18. tert-butyl 4-(chloro carbonyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate was used in the first step. LCMS (m/z): 737.4 [M+H]+.

N-(4-(2-(4-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylamino)-3-methyl-3H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamide

[0310] To a solution of 053-1 (120 mg, 0.163 mmol) in DCM (2 mL) was added TFA (2 mL). The mixture was stirred at rt for 3 hours and concentrated to leave crude product (0.9 g, crude) as a brown-black oil, which was used directly in the next step. LCMS (m/z): 637.4 [M+H]+.

N-(4-(2-(4-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenylamino)-3-methyl-3H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl)-1-methylpiperidine-4-carboxamide

[0311] The mixture of N-(4-(2-(4-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl) phenylamino)-3-methyl-3H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl)piperidine-4-carboxamide (0.9 g, crude, 0.16 mmol) and (CH.sub.2O). (48 mg, 1.6 mmol) in MeOH (5 mL) was stirred at rt for 10 minutes, and then NaBH.sub.3CN (50 mg, 0.8 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at rt overnight and concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to afford compound I-19 (26 mg) as a white solid. LCMS (m/z): 651.1 [M+H]+, 326.2 [M/2+H]+; .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) δ (ppm): 10.44 (s, 1H), 9.33 (s, 1H), 8.25-8.14 (m, 3H), 7.68-7.64 (m, 2H), 7.43 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (s, 1H), 6.86 (dd, J1=8.4 Hz, J2=2 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (dd, J1=5.6 Hz, J2=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.55 (s, 2H), 2.76-2.73 (m, 2H), 2.40-2.28 (m, 11H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 1.81-1.50 (m, 6H), 0.98 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H). .sup.19F NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) δ (ppm): −57.82.

##STR00089##

6-(2-aminopyridin-4-yloxy)-N-(4-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl) phenyl)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amine

[0312] To a solution of I-2 (300 mg, 0.53 mmol) in MeOH (20 ml) was added NaOH (85 mg, 2.11 mmol). The mixture was heated at reflux for 4 hours and concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to afford compound I-20 (150 mg, yield 54%) as a white solid. LCMS (m/z): 526.3 [M+H]+. .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) δ (ppm): 9.30 (s, 1H), 8.20-8.14 (m, 2H), 7.77 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 6.81 (dd, J1=8.4 Hz, J2=2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.14 (dd, J1=6.0 Hz, J2=2.0 Hz, 1H), 5.85 (s, 2H), 5.77 (s, 1H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 3.54 (s, 2H), 2.40-2.28 (m, 10H), 0.98 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H). .sup.19F NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) δ (ppm): −57.76.

N-(4-(3-(methylamino)-4-nitrophenoxy)pyridin-2-yl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-carboxamide

[0313] To a mixture of compound I-20 (120 mg, 0.23 mmol) in dry THF (50 mL) was added dropwise acryloyl chloride (51.4 mg, 0.57 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1 hour. The reactant was converted to the 055-1. The resulting mixture was used into the next step directly. LCMS (m/z): 580.1 [M+H].sup.+.

3-(dimethylamino)-N-(4-(2-(4-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl) phenylamino)-3-methyl-3H-benzo[d]imidazol-5-yloxy)pyridin-2-yl)propanamide

[0314] To the above solution of 055-1 in THF (50 mL) was added dimethylamine solution (1 M in THF) (2.3 mL, 2.3 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt overnight and concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was purified by preparative HPLC to obtain compound I-21 (10 mg, yield 7%) as a white solid. LCMS (m/z): 625.4 (M+H), 313.2 [M/2+H].sup.+; .sup.1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) δ (ppm) 10.66 (s, 1H), 9.30 (s, 1H), 8.25-8.14 (m, 3H), 7.68-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.44 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 6.85 (dd, J1=8.4 Hz, J2=2 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (dd, J1=5.6 Hz, J2=2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 3.55 (s, 2H), 2.49-2.28 (m, 14H), 2.13 (s, 6H), 0.98 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H). .sup.19F NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) δ (ppm): −57.80.

##STR00090##

5-((6-(benzyloxy)pyridin-3-yl)oxy)-N-methyl-2-nitroaniline

[0315] 5-chloro-N-methyl-2-nitroaniline (466 mg, 2.5 mmol), 6-(benzyloxy)pyridin-3-ol (654 mg, 3.3 mmol), CuI (95 mg, 0.5 mmol), N1,N2-di([1,1′-biphenyl]-2-yl)oxalamide (196 mg, 0.5 mmol) and K.sub.3PO.sub.4 (1061 mg, 5 mmol) were placed in a 20 mL vial and DMSO (3 mL) was added. The mixture was stirred in a 100˜110° C. oil bath under nitrogen protection for 13 h. The mixture was poured into water and extracted with EA. The organic phase was separated and dried over anhydrous Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and concentrated to afford residue, which was purified via silica gel flash chromatography (21% EA in hexane). Desired product (580 mg) was obtained as yellow solid.

5-(4-amino-3-(methylamino)phenoxy)pyridin-2-ol

[0316] 5-((6-(benzyloxy)pyridin-3-yl)oxy)-N-methyl-2-nitroaniline (580 mg) and Pd/C (100 mg) were placed in a 40 mL vial and MeOH (10 mL) and EA (10 mL) were added. A hydrogen balloon was equipped. After evacuation and refill for three times, the mixture was stirred at rt overnight. The Pd/C was removed through filtration and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford desired product (374 mg) as dark brown solid.

5-((2-((4-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-6-yl)oxy)pyridin-2(1H)-one

[0317] 4-((4-ethylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)aniline (144 mg, 0.5 mmol) was dissolved in DCM (2.3 mL) and cooled in ice-water bath. Di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)methanethione (98 mg, 0.55 mmol) was added. The solution was stirred and warmed to rt for 2 h. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford residue, to which 5-(4-amino-3-(methylamino) phenoxy) pyridin-2-ol (127 mg, 0.55 mmol) was added and the mixture was dissolved in MeCN (2.5 mL) and DMF (1.0 mL). Then EDCI (115 mg, 0.6 mmol) and DIPEA (0.1 mL, 0.6 mmol) were added and the solution was stirred at 60° C. for 6 h. After purification via preparative HPLC, I-22 was obtained as pale yellow solid (18 mg). .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) δ 11.59 (s, 1H), 8.16 (s, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.89 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.51-7.40 (m, 3H), 7.40-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.28 (s, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 7.00 (dd, J=8.7, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (br s, 2H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.72-3.51 (m, 2H), 3.51-2.84 (m, 8H), 1.25 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H).

##STR00091##

[0318] I-23 is prepared by using the same procedure as for I-22except that 3,4-difluoroaniline was used in the last step. .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d.sub.6) δ 10.45 (s, 1H), 7.75-7.65 (m, 1H), 7.60-7.50 (m, 1H), 7.42-7.22 (m, 5H), 6.96-6.88 (m, 1H), 6.44 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H).

Example 2. In Vitro Kinase Selectivity Profiling of the Compounds of the Present Disclosure

[0319]

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 In vitro kinase selectivity profiling by a commercial KINOMEscan ® assay from DiscoverX (Eurofins). Ambit KINOMEscan of compound I-2 at 1 μM Kinase (percent control %) DDR2 0 KIT 0 KIT(A829P) 0 KIT(V559D) 0 PDGFRB 0 RET 0 ABL1(H396P)-nonphosphorylated 0.05 DDR1 0.05 CDC2L1 0.1 CDC2L2 0.1 CSF1R 0.1 KIT(L576P) 0.2 TAOK2 0.25 ABL1-nonphosphorylated 0.3 FLT4 0.5

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1A In vitro kinase selectivity profiling by a commercial KINOMEscan ® assay from DiscoverX (Eurofins) for compounds I-2 and I-6 at 1 μM (percent control %). Kinase I-2 I-6 AAK1 100 96 ABL1(E255K)- 30 33 phosphorylated ABL1(F317I)- 37 7.4 nonphosphorylated ABL1(F317I)- 82 34 phosphorylated ABL1(F317L)- 9 3.2 nonphosphorylated ABL1(F317L)- 43 44 phosphorylated ABL1(H396P)- 0.05 1.1 nonphosphorylated ABL1(H396P)- 45 30 phosphorylated ABL1(M351T)- 37 27 phosphorylated ABL1(Q252H)- 0 1.9 nonphosphorylated ABL1(Q252H)- 36 24 phosphorylated ABL1(T315I)- 46 32 nonphosphorylated ABL1(T315I)- 62 87 phosphorylated ABL1(Y253F)- 44 5.5 phosphorylated ABL1- 0.3 0.05 nonphosphorylated ABL1-phosphorylated 23 11 ABL2 32 5.3 ACVR1 99 100 ACVR1B 100 94 ACVR2A 100 100 ACVR2B 97 100 ACVRL1 85 93 ADCK3 85 100 ADCK4 84 78 AKT1 94 89 AKT2 100 100 AKT3 99 100 ALK 76 90 ALK(C1156Y) 96 92 ALK(L1196M) 78 51 AMPK-alpha1 93 95 AMPK-alpha2 100 92 ANKK1 100 100 ARK5 100 100 ASK1 77 97 ASK2 97 89 AURKA 69 98 AURKB 49 81 AURKC 19 70 AXL 86 61 BIKE 88 96 BLK 49 17 BMPR1A 100 98 BMPR1B 84 89 BMPR2 100 100 BMX 100 91 BRAF 3.9 9.2 BRAF(V600E) 0.8 1.8 BRK 100 89 BRSK1 100 100 BRSK2 100 74 BTK 78 88 BUB 1 100 100 CAMK1 83 93 CAMK1B 50 43 CAMK1D 85 100 CAMK1G 100 99 CAMK2A 79 100 CAMK2B 92 94 CAMK2D 100 85 CAMK2G 100 100 CAMK4 98 100 CAMKK1 100 100 CAMKK2 100 99 CASK 78 87 CDC2L1 0.1 0 CDC2L2 0.1 0.2 CDC2L5 59 3.8 CDK11 1.5 1.6 CDK2 100 86 CDK3 100 74 CDK4 94 92 CDK4-cyclinD1 85 83 CDK4-cyclinD3 72 95 CDK5 97 90 CDK7 45 15 CDK8 17 10 CDK9 100 96 CDKL1 84 87 CDKL2 1.9 0.5 CDKL3 7.6 0.4 CDKL5 96 92 CHEK1 100 100 CHEK2 96 90 CIT 90 79 CLK1 87 94 CLK2 64 91 CLK3 94 95 CLK4 100 81 CSF1R 0.1 0.35 CSF1R-autoinhibited 52 68 CSK 63 87 CSNK1A1 72 100 CSNK1A1L 86 100 CSNK1D 100 100 CSNK1E 90 66 CSNK1G1 100 100 CSNK1G2 100 100 CSNK1G3 89 94 CSNK2A1 66 91 CSNK2A2 82 100 CTK 83 90 DAPK1 87 99 DAPK2 79 99 DAPK3 76 99 DCAMKL1 91 69 DCAMKL2 89 100 DCAMKL3 85 95 DDR1 0.05 0 DDR2 0 0 DLK 100 100 DMPK 94 100 DMPK2 89 83 DRAK1 100 99 DRAK2 100 85 DYRK1A 92 100 DYRK1B 71 50 DYRK2 83 97 EGFR 79 100 EGFR 91 89 (E746-A750del) EGFR(G719C) 97 94 EGFR(G719S) 96 100 EGFR 66 100 (L747-E749del, A750P) EGFR 80 94 (L747-S752del, P753S) EGFR 98 100 (L747-T751del, Sins) EGFR(L858R) 83 97 EGFR 100 100 (L858R, T790M) EGFR(L861Q) 98 100 EGFR 100 94 (S752-I759del) EGFR(T790M) 96 83 EIF2AK1 75 29 EPHA1 100 46 EPHA2 100 68 EPHA3 52 68 EPHA4 100 91 EPHA5 98 98 EPHA6 100 96 EPHA7 93 99 EPHA8 43 2.5 EPHB1 94 95 EPHB2 81 100 EPHB3 96 100 EPHB4 100 90 EPHB6 72 95 ERBB2 95 100 ERBB3 62 89 ERBB4 84 94 ERK1 100 100 ERK2 95 100 ERK3 94 94 ERK4 100 90 ERK5 89 88 ERK8 79 75 ERN1 91 97 FAK 98 94 FER 91 100 FES 100 82 FGFR1 86 75 FGFR2 100 82 FGFR3 97 97 FGFR3(G697C) 98 66 FGFR4 100 100 FGR 100 51 FLT1 6.3 4.2 FLT3 15 1 FLT3(D835H) 47 24 FLT3(D835V) 51 40 FLT3(D835Y) 70 56 FLT3(ITD) 24 11 FLT3(ITD, D835V) 100 61 FLT3(ITD, F691L) 34 46 FLT3(K663Q) 16 9.3 FLT3(N841I) 11 14 FLT3(R834Q) 100 57 FLT3-autoinhibited 100 66 FLT4 0.5 0.7 FRK 45 11 FYN 80 49 GAK 100 98 GCN2 28 44 (Kin.Dom.2, S808G) GRK1 82 85 GRK2 100 91 GRK3 100 79 GRK4 99 81 GRK7 88 95 GSK3A 85 93 GSK3B 76 100 HASPIN 100 93 HCK 89 34 HIPK1 56 81 HIPK2 100 86 HIPK3 85 76 HIPK4 100 100 HPK1 69 56 HUNK 65 91 ICK 100 82 IGF1R 59 34 IKK-alpha 100 75 IKK-beta 98 72 IKK-epsilon 91 92 INSR 20 12 INSRR 5.3 5.8 IRAK1 79 38 IRAK3 91 91 IRAK4 81 98 ITK 97 98 JAK1 30 40 (JH1domain-catalytic) JAK1 97 82 (JH2domain-pseudokinase) JAK2 16 29 (JH1domain-catalytic) JAK3 84 72 (JH1domain-catalytic) JNK1 79 90 JNK2 85 66 JNK3 100 77 KIT 0 0.55 KIT(A829P) 0 0 KIT(D816H) 22 44 KIT(D816V) 56 50 KIT(L576P) 0.2 0 KIT(V559D) 0 0.15 KIT 1.2 1.5 (V559D, T670I) KIT 7.4 19 (V559D, V654A) KIT-autoinhibited 76 82 LATS1 42 95 LATS2 100 100 LCK 18 1.6 LIMK1 100 65 LIMK2 100 88 LKB1 40 91 LOK 21 0.45 LRRK2 100 86 LRRK2(G20195) 100 69 LTK 61 22 LYN 44 12 LZK 100 75 MAK 78 86 MAP3K1 77 86 MAP3K15 88 60 MAP3K2 21 0.6 MAP3K3 16 0.95 MAP3K4 100 60 MAP4K2 100 68 MAP4K3 71 74 MAP4K4 100 93 MAP4K5 89 88 MAPKAPK2 78 100 MAPKAPK5 99 83 MARK1 98 92 MARK2 100 100 MARK3 87 86 MARK4 98 83 MAST1 74 100 MEK1 94 87 MEK2 77 100 MEK3 57 87 MEK4 97 91 MEK5 59 34 MEK6 88 71 MELK 83 93 MERTK 32 59 MET 43 40 MET(M1250T) 63 33 MET(Y1235D) 71 44 MINK 92 59 MKK7 80 94 MKNK1 95 80 MKNK2 82 66 MLCK 100 97 MLK1 100 100 MLK2 100 95 MLK3 100 95 MRCKA 100 98 MRCKB 100 100 MST1 93 100 MST1R 80 83 MST2 81 58 MST3 94 90 MST4 89 100 MTOR 100 100 MUSK 100 72 MYLK 59 91 MYLK2 100 92 MYLK4 100 96 MYO3A 96 99 MYO3B 87 89 NDR1 90 100 NDR2 62 97 NEK1 84 79 NEK10 100 79 NEK11 100 61 NEK2 97 91 NEK3 77 92 NEK4 56 56 NEK5 38 6.7 NEK6 93 99 NEK7 88 95 NEK9 87 68 NIK 100 100 NIM1 97 93 NLK 84 40 OSR1 100 87 p38-alpha 92 44 p38-beta 100 94 p38-delta 77 73 p38-gamma 58 62 PAK1 88 77 PAK2 97 98 PAK3 54 77 PAK4 94 97 PAK6 93 90 PAK7 86 16 PCTK1 84 68 PCTK2 91 35 PCTK3 78 76 PDGFRA 3.8 4.2 PDGFRB 0 0.05 PDPK1 94 93 PFCDPK1 77 65 (P.falciparum) PFPK5 100 91 (P.falciparum) PFTAIRE2 75 100 PFTK1 94 61 PHKG1 94 91 PHKG2 85 100 PIK3C2B 85 97 PIK3C2G 80 86 PIK3CA 90 91 PIK3CA(C420R) 100 99 PIK3CA(E542K) 100 100 PIK3CA(E545A) 100 100 PIK3CA(E545K) 80 97 PIK3CA(H1047L) 73 85 PIK3CA(H1047Y) 62 86 PIK3CA(I800L) 75 98 PIK3CA(M1043I) 78 100 PIK3CA(Q546K) 100 75 PIK3CB 100 96 PIK3CD 72 88 PIK3CG 100 95 PIK4CB 99 73 PIKFYVE 80 93 PIM1 100 98 PIM2 91 92 PIM3 93 86 PIP5K1A 99 100 PIP5K1C 81 85 PIP5K2B 57 98 PIP5K2C 96 93 PKAC-alpha 65 57 PKAC-beta 94 86 PKMYT1 91 90 PKN1 57 100 PKN2 100 93 PKNB 80 82 (M.tuberculosis) PLK1 100 71 PLK2 94 71 PLK3 81 93 PLK4 92 100 PRKCD 92 89 PRKCE 100 92 PRKCH 100 87 PRKCI 95 71 PRKCQ 67 97 PRKD1 99 95 PRKD2 92 100 PRKD3 84 92 PRKG1 100 98 PRKG2 92 93 PRKR 39 64 PRKX 100 100 PRP4 100 100 PYK2 33 8.8 QSK 60 85 RAF1 14 16 RET 0 0.1 RET(M918T) 0.8 0.15 RET(V804L) 15 7.8 RET(V804M) 9.9 4.5 RIOK1 100 100 RIOK2 51 96 RIOK3 22 100 RIPK1 88 96 RIPK2 94 82 RIPK4 86 97 RIPK5 69 61 ROCK1 100 83 ROCK2 100 90 ROS1 73 43 RPS6KA4 100 93 (Kin.Dom.1-terminal) RPS6KA4 88 89 (Kin.Dom.2-terminal) RPS6KA5 96 74 (Kin.Dom.1-terminal) RPS6KA5 90 100 (Kin.Dom.2-C-terminal) RSK1 100 99 (Kin.Dom.1-N-terminal) RSK1 93 100 (Kin.Dom.2-C-terminal) RSK2 95 83 (Kin.Dom.1-N-terminal) RSK2 98 99 (Kin.Dom.2-C-terminal) RSK3 70 100 (Kin.Dom.1-N-terminal) RSK3 82 95 (Kin.Dom.2- C-terminal) RSK4 100 93 (Kin.Dom.1-N-terminal) RSK4 86 97 (Kin.Dom.2-C-terminal) S6K1 82 84 SBK1 84 89 SGK 85 96 SgK110 86 100 SGK2 89 85 SGK3 93 100 SIK 95 98 SIK2 100 97 SLK 81 55 SNARK 100 100 SNRK 100 81 SRC 61 32 SRMS 67 38 SRPK1 50 83 SRPK2 92 75 SRPK3 100 87 STK16 59 82 STK33 76 66 STK35 100 100 STK36 79 92 STK39 62 93 SYK 85 92 TAK1 28 10 TAOK1 77 46 TAOK2 0.25 0 TAOK3 41 13 TBK1 73 100 TEC 78 100 TESK1 67 62 TGFBR1 100 95 TGFBR2 90 81 TIE1 11 4 TIE2 81 36 TLK1 87 93 TLK2 98 97 TNIK 53 75 TNK1 76 82 TNK2 94 100 TNNI3K 23 51 TRKA 31 3.5 TRKB 36 1.4 TRKC 44 3.4 TRPM6 79 84 TSSK1B 100 100 TSSK3 86 100 TTK 75 96 TXK 100 84 TYK2 23 36 (JH1domain-catalytic) TYK2 100 76 (JH2domain-pseudokinase) TYRO3 100 100 ULK1 100 56 ULK2 91 100 ULK3 92 79 VEGFR2 0.85 1.7 VPS34 87 100 VRK2 54 100 WEE1 95 100 WEE2 100 100 WNK1 100 100 WNK2 98 66 WNK3 100 100 WNK4 93 82 YANK1 100 93 YANK2 100 91 YANK3 100 89 YES 82 84 YSK1 94 65 YSK4 51 67 ZAK 25 5.6 ZAP70 100 99

Example 3. JAK2 Z-Lyte Biochemical Assay of the Compounds of the Present Disclosure

[0320] The JAK2 Z-Lyte biochemical assay was performed according to manufacturer's instructions (Life Technologies).

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Biochemical IC.sub.50 by a commercial JAK2 Z-Lyte assay from Invitrogen. JAK2 Compound Z-lyte IC50 No. Compound Formula (nM) I-1  [00092] 3,080 I-2  [00093]  794 I-3  [00094]  957 I-4  [00095]  449 I-5  [00096] 1,050 I-6  [00097]  980 I-7  [00098] 8,530 I-8  [00099]   92.5 I-9  [00100] 2,140 I-10 [00101] >10,000 I-11 [00102] >10,000 I-12 [00103] >10,000 I-13 [00104] >10000 I-14 [00105] >10000 I-15 [00106] 1340 I-16 [00107] >10000 I-17 [00108]   I-18 [00109] 6000 I-19 [00110] 8030 I-20 [00111] 1950 I-21 [00112] 4930 I-22 [00113] >10000 I-23 [00114] >10000

Example 4. Western-Blot Assay of the Compounds of the Present Disclosure

[0321] Cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of JAK2 inhibitor for 4 hours. Cell pellets were lysed with Cell Lysis Buffer (Cell Signaling Technology) and then immunoblotting was performed with pJAK2 (#3771), pSTAT5 (#4322), c-Myc (#9402), JAK2 (#3230), STAT5 (#9363 or 94205), and β-actin (#4967 or 12620) antibodies from Cell Signaling Technology. Exemplary results are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

Example 5. Cellular Assay of the Compounds of the Present Disclosure

[0322] Ba/F3 cells were plated at a density of 0.1×10.sup.6/mL followed by the addition of JAK2 inhibitor or vehicle (DMSO) control. After 48 hrs (Ba/F3 cells), 25 μL of a 1:2 dilution of CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay (Promega) was added to each well and plates were read by the 2104 EnVision Multilabel Reader (PerkinElmer). Exemplary results are shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5.

EQUIVALENTS AND SCOPE

[0323] In the claims articles such as “a,” “an,” and “the” may mean one or more than one unless indicated to the contrary or otherwise evident from the context. Claims or descriptions that include “or” between one or more members of a group are considered satisfied if one, more than one, or all of the group members are present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process unless indicated to the contrary or otherwise evident from the context. The present disclosure includes embodiments in which exactly one member of the group is present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process. The present disclosure includes embodiments in which more than one, or all of the group members are present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process.

[0324] Furthermore, the present disclosure encompasses all variations, combinations, and permutations in which one or more limitations, elements, clauses, and descriptive terms from one or more of the listed claims is introduced into another claim. For example, any claim that is dependent on another claim can be modified to include one or more limitations found in any other claim that is dependent on the same base claim. Where elements are presented as lists, e.g., in Markush group format, each subgroup of the elements is also disclosed, and any element(s) can be removed from the group. It should it be understood that, in general, where the present disclosure, or aspects of the present disclosure, is/are referred to as comprising particular elements and/or features, certain embodiments of the present disclosure or aspects of the present disclosure consist, or consist essentially of, such elements and/or features. For purposes of simplicity, those embodiments have not been specifically set forth in haec verba herein. It is also noted that the terms “comprising” and “containing” are intended to be open and permits the inclusion of additional elements or steps. Where ranges are given, endpoints are included. Furthermore, unless otherwise indicated or otherwise evident from the context and understanding of one of ordinary skill in the art, values that are expressed as ranges can assume any specific value or sub-range within the stated ranges in different embodiments of the present disclosure, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit of the range, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0325] This application refers to various issued patents, published patent applications, journal articles, and other publications, all of which are incorporated herein by reference. If there is a conflict between any of the incorporated references and the instant specification, the specification shall control. In addition, any particular embodiment of the present invention that falls within the prior art may be explicitly excluded from any one or more of the claims. Because such embodiments are deemed to be known to one of ordinary skill in the art, they may be excluded even if the exclusion is not set forth explicitly herein. Any particular embodiment of the present disclosure can be excluded from any claim, for any reason, whether or not related to the existence of prior art.

[0326] Those skilled in the art will recognize or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation many equivalents to the specific embodiments described herein. The scope of the present embodiments described herein is not intended to be limited to the above Description, but rather is as set forth in the appended claims. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various changes and modifications to this description may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, as defined in the following claims.