Microlayer coextrusion of electrical end products

Abstract

A method and system for extruding multiple laminated flow streams using microlayer extrusion, and in particular to creating and forming products with electrical properties that are formed from layers and particles with dimensions in the micro to nanometer range.

Claims

1. An extruded thin multi-layer polymer product comprising tens to thousands of annular polymeric layers wherein at least one of said annular polymeric layers includes electrical conductive particles wherein the electrical conductive particles in the at least one of said annular polymeric layers form an electrical conducting network among the electrical conductive particles through alignment of the electrical conductive particles at a pitch relative to the axis of extrusion.

2. The extruded thin multi-layer polymer product according to claim 1 wherein the extruded thin multi-layer polymer product is a rod.

3. The extruded thin multi-layer polymer product according to claim 1 wherein the extruded thin multi-layer polymer product is a tubular extruded thin multi-layer polymer product.

4. The extruded thin multi-layer polymer product according to claim 1 wherein the extruded thin multi-layer polymer product includes a wire.

5. The extruded thin multi-layer polymer product according to claim 1, wherein one or more of said annular polymeric layers are milli, micro or nano size, and wherein the at least one of said annular polymeric layers including electrical conductive particles includes electrical conductive particles that are nanoparticles.

6. The extruded thin multi-layer polymer product according to claim 1, wherein the at least one of said annular polymeric layers including electrical conductive particles are layered between nonconducting annular polymeric layers.

7. The extruded thin multi-layer polymer product according to claim 1, wherein the extruded thin multi-layer polymer product is resistant to Electro-Static Discharges (ESD), Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP), High Power Microwave (HPM) attacks, and Electromagnetic Interference (EMI).

8. The extruded thin multi-layer polymer product according to claim 1, wherein the extruded thin multi-layer polymer product covers a wire.

9. The extruded thin multi-layer polymer product according to claim 6, wherein the extruded thin multi-layer polymer product includes a plurality of separate electrical conducting networks.

10. The extruded thin multi-layer polymer product according to claim 9, wherein the plurality of separate electrical conducting networks are along the length of extrusion.

11. The extruded thin multi-layer polymer product according to claim 9, wherein the extruded thin multi-layer polymer product includes a plurality of separate electrical conducting networks are wrapped around the axis of extrusion.

12. The extruded thin multi-layer polymer product according to claim 1, wherein the extruded thin multi-layer polymer product is a battery.

13. The extruded thin multi-layer polymer product according to claim 1, wherein the extruded thin multi-layer polymer product is a lithium ion battery.

14. The extruded thin multi-layer polymer product according to claim 6, wherein the extruded thin multi-layer polymer product comprises nonconducting annular polymeric layers including pores adjacent to the at least one of said annular polymeric layers including electrical conductive particles.

15. The extruded thin multi-layer polymer product according to claim 1, wherein the at least one of said annular polymeric layers including electrical conductive particles is between 20 nm to 100 μm thick.

16. The extruded thin multi-layer polymer product according to claim 1, wherein the at least one of said annular polymeric layers including electrical conductive particles is between 20 to 500 nm thick.

17. The extruded thin multi-layer polymer product according to claim 1, wherein the at least one of said annular polymeric layers including electric conductive particles is between 20 to 250 nm thick.

18. The extruded thin multi-layer polymer product according to claim 1, wherein the at least one of said annular polymeric layers including electrical conductive particles is between 50 to 250 nm thick.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) In the drawings:

(2) FIG. 1 illustrates a solid rod of annular conductive microlayers.

(3) FIG. 2 illustrates a solid rod with alternating layers of annular non-conductive and conductive microlayers.

(4) FIG. 3 illustrates an elliptical version of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

(5) FIG. 4 illustrates one embodiment of an annular conductive microlayered cable that includes a hollow center.

(6) FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of micro-layer structure that includes an annular non-conductive microlayered structure around a conductive microlayered rod.

(7) FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a micro-layer that includes multiple streams of conductive layers separated by non-conductive material.

(8) FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of a micro-layer structure that includes annular repeating matrix/fiber or mats around a conductive microlayered rod.

(9) FIG. 8 illustrates a regular layered composite material structure.

(10) FIG. 9 illustrates one embodiment of a nano layered matrix.

(11) FIG. 10 illustrates one embodiment of micro-layer nano-structure that includes an annular conductive microlayered structure around a substrate.

(12) FIG. 11 illustrates a superconducting cable with superconducting tapes wound around a multistrand copper core.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(13) Interest in conductive plastics has been stimulated by the numerous opportunities afforded by the rapidly developing electronics industry, particularly for EMI shielding, in low temperature heaters, and as transducers. Although most polymers are insulators, conductive properties can be achieved by blending with conducting materials such as a metal filler. Metal-filled polymers undergo a sharp transition from an insulator to a conductor at a critical filler concentration. The sharp change is due to the formation of a network among the conducting filler particles. This network does not necessarily imply physical contact between adjacent particles; hopping or tunneling, i.e. the processes by which an electron jumps across an insulator gap, can also produce the network. Network formation is frequently treated as a percolation process.

(14) Geometric constraints imposed by layer multiplying may produce very strong shear stresses which, in turn, facilitate particle orientation in the plane of the extruded layers.

(15) In another embodiment, micro-layer products such as those mentioned herein that do not use a substrate can be taken from pellet form to a finished product in a single extrusion operation. This advantageously drastically reduces production costs. This is especially true for semiconductor applications.

(16) Examples of products that can be manufactured as micro-layer products, as generally described herein, using a nano-layer device for example, can include, but are not limited to, conductive composite nano-materials that provide a resistance to Electro-Static Discharges (ESD) such as lightning strikes or Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP), High Power Microwave (HPM) attacks, as well as management of natural and man-made Electromagnetic Interference (EMI).

(17) An additional advantage of micro-layer products incorporating aspects of the disclosed embodiments is that the reduction of metal can reduce weight. An electrically conducting product creating using nanolayers can reduce the amount of metal required to maintain the desired degree of electrical continuity. This is advantageous when creating products that benefit from lighter weight materials.

(18) Other examples of various products that can be produced using the nanoflow device of the disclosed embodiments are illustrated and described below.

(19) FIG. 1 illustrates a solid rod of annular conductive microlayers, while FIG. 2 illustrates a solid rod with alternating layers of annular non-conductive and conductive microlayers.

(20) FIG. 3 illustrates an elliptical version of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. In alternate embodiments, the rod structure could also be in the form of a square, a special profile or other suitable geometric shape. The extruded material may also have a corrugated shape. Spiral and helical shapes are also possible.

(21) FIG. 4 illustrates one embodiment of an annular conductive microlayered cable that includes a hollow center.

(22) A typical wire may be covered with one or more layers of a non conductive insulator and have a solid core, similar to that shown in FIG. 1. In the example of FIG. 4, the wire is an annular conductive micro-layered tube and it is covered with non-conductive layers. Applications of such a wire include, but are not limited to, heating a fluid, a superconductor (with a gas or fluid passing thru the core or hollow center), replacement for a conventional wire, and making a parison for a blow molded product.

(23) FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of micro-layer structure that includes an annular non-conductive microlayered structure around a conductive microlayered rod.

(24) A typical wire will be covered with one or more layers of a non conductive insulator such as that shown in FIG. 1. In the example of FIG. 5, the wire is a conductive microlayered rod and it is covered with non-conductive microlayers. Applications for the structure shown in FIG. 5 can include, but are not limited to superconductors and replacement of a conventional wire.

(25) FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a micro-layer that includes multiple streams of conductive layers separated by non-conductive material. Each stream can serve as its own conductive pathway which would be analagous to eight separate wires. Other embodiments could include any number and arrangements of separated layers.

(26) FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of a micro-layer structure that includes annular repeating matrix/fiber or mats around a conductive microlayered rod. The matrix can also be extruded.

(27) FIG. 8 illustrates a regular layered composite material structure.

(28) FIG. 9 illustrates one embodiment of a nano layered matrix

(29) As is shown in FIG. 8, normally a composite material structure is made with multiple layers of weaved fibers embedded in a polymer matrix. The matrix is applied onto a layer of woven fiber and another ply of fiber is added on. The process is repeated until the desired number of plys is reached. However, as is shown in FIG. 9, rather than simply coating the fibers in the matrix, the polymer matrix can be extruded onto the carbon fiber weave with internal nano layer matrix between two layers of pure polymer matrix. The pure matrix layers may not be necessary if there aren't large additives or if the additives do not negatively impact adhesion between the matrix and the fibers. These nano layers may allow the use of metallic flakes as an additive to create a conductive layer. There is the potential to mix and match other additives to create other barrier properties as well. This can be done in the same nanolayers or separate nanolayers.

(30) Applications of the structure shown in FIG. 9, can include, but are not limited to hollow or solid structural components for conducting electricity and/or heating a fluid or superconductor (with a gas or fluid passing thru the core).

(31) FIG. 10 illustrates one embodiment of micro-layer nano-structure that includes an annular conductive microlayered structure around a substrate. Applications of the structure can include, but are not limited to superconductor applications.

(32) Alternatively, the structure can include an annular non-conductive microlayered structure around a substrate. Applications of such a structure can include an insulator.

(33) In one embodiment, the aspects of the present disclosure relate to extruding superconducting tapes that are wound around a multistrand copper core of a superconducting cable, such as that shown in FIG. 11. The superconducting tapes can be manufactured using the nanoflow device of the disclosed embodiments, which greatly simplifies the manufacturing process. United States Patent Publication 2010/0197505 describes certain tape extrusions but has limited utility due to the very elaborate manufacturing process (see page 4). The aspects of the disclosed embodiments provide for producing far greater amount of tapes, over a thousand, for example in a much simpler process.

(34) In another embodiment, the shape of the tapes can be extruded in a substantially straight form. In alternate embodiments, the extruded shape of the tapes can be twisted, such as when using the rotary head of U.S. Pat. No. 6,447,279, or twist the tapes such as United States Patent Publications 2010/0197505 and US2005/0181954. In United States Patent Publication No. 2010/0197505 (page 2, paragraphs 0021 and 0024) there is mention of reducing tape widths to change the effect of hysteretic losses. The die device, including milli, micro, or nanoflow die devices, referred to herein can be configured to create a large number of arrayed melt streams or “tapes”, reducing the “tapes” width.

(35) In accordance with aspects of the disclosed embodiments, the coating of the central “cable” could all be done in a single extrusion process.

(36) The current state of the art has limitations in flexibility because the array of rigid metal tapes restrict movement. There is also potential for those tapes to permanently kink when bent.

(37) The aspects of the disclosed embodiments include the manufacturing (extrusion) process for making such a product with conductive microlayers

(38) In another embodiment, layers can be extruded between the superconductor “tapes” to minimize AC losses or the tapes can be extruded to make direct (electrical) contact with each other.

(39) The central core can be made of a conductive metal or other material.

(40) Another embodiment of alternating conductive and non-conductive layers is a capacitor where the conductive layers will hold a charge and the non conductive layers will serve as a separator/dielectric.

(41) Other applications can include, but are not limited to conducting polymers for use in lithium ion batteries and nanocellulose products, such as electronic and medical products. In a lithium ion battery, the main parts includes a Positive Electrode (Cathode), a Negative Electrode (Anode), a separator and a Liquid Electrolyte (typical Li battery) or Solid polymer composite electrolyte (Li-Ion Polymer Battery).

(42) The anode in Li-Ion polymer Battery is typically made from graphite. Silicon can store 10× more lithium ions than graphite, but swells more than 3× its volume when fully charged, which breaks electrical contacts. Silicon nano-powder in a conductive polymer binder or a polymer binder with carbon black for conductivity is used to decrease swelling. Swelling of silicon is still problematic in that repeated swelling and shrinking of the silicon particles push away the carbon black particles.

(43) The use of conductive polymers would allow the anode material to be extruded. Polymers such as polyaniline (PAN) or preferably the polymer mentioned in <http://www.onlinetes.com/tes0312-lithium-ion-battery-anodes.aspx> could be used. In one embodiment, the outer cathode layer, with an extruded inner hollow or solid anode layer can be formed using a conductive polymer. The electrodes can be separated by an extruded layered separator, referred to as a battery separator, described below. The cathode could be extruded as an outer layer or deposited through other means, such as CVD or PVD, for example.

(44) The battery separator is a porous sheet placed between the positive and negative electrodes in a battery. Its function is to prevent physical contact of the positive and negative electrodes while allowing free ionic transport between them. In a Li-Ion Polymer Battery the separator can serve as both the electrolyte and separator between the electrodes.

(45) Synthetic polymers including polyolefins, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyvinyl chloride, nylon, poly(ethylene terephthalate), etc. have been used as this layer. Aspects of these polymers are referred to in an article Zhang, Sheng Shui (2008, Jul. 22). BatterySeparator. SciTopics. Retrieved Jun. 7, 2012, from http://www.scitopics.com/Battery_Separator.html.

(46) The passage of ions though the polymer separator is allowed due to pores in the material. These can be produced either through a wet or dry process, as they are commonly referred. The wet process allows the separator layer to be extruded and the pores produced after extrusion through extraction, while in the dry process the polymer separator is stretched after extrusion to form micropores. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer_separators#Synthesis>. The separator would include a plasticizer during extrusion which would then be driven off to from the micropores.

(47) The use of multilayered separators allows unique properties. A shutoff layer can be used to prevent excess temperature accumulation. The pores in this layer will close up when the layer reaches the shutoff temperature, preventing the flow of ions. An example of a co-extruded multi-layered battery separator is illustrated in US Patent Pub. No. 20080118827, the aspects of which are incorporated herein by reference.

(48) In one embodiment, the extruded anode layer described in paragraph 0040 and the layered separator described above can be extruded onto a metal cathode wire or filament in accordance with the aspects of the disclosed embodiments. Both the outer cathode layer and extruded anode layer described above, can be bundled together to form a long flexible battery.

(49) Other properties that could be improved with a nano-layered battery separator are high temperature stability, more control over shutdown temperature, increased puncture resistance

(50) The aspects of the disclosed embodiments are generally directed to producing multi-layer products using the nano-flow device described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/336,825. The aspects of the disclosed embodiments advantageously can produce electrically conductive nanolayered products in a much simpler manner, as well as microlayered products including nano-sized particles that have increase strength and are lightweight. Aspects of applicable materials and polymers that can be used in the nano-flow device have been generally described above.