Rotor for an axial flux motor, a radial flux motor, and a transversal flux motor

Abstract

A rotor for an axial flux motor, a radial flux motor, or a transversal flux motor, has a rotational axis which extends along an axial direction. The rotor extends in an annular manner and has a plurality of permanent magnets along the circumferential direction, the magnetization of each magnet being oriented in the circumferential direction, wherein the permanent magnets are mutually spaced along the circumferential direction, and at least one soft magnetic composite as a first material is arranged between the permanent magnets.

Claims

1. A rotor for an axial flux motor, a radial flux motor or a transversal flux motor, the rotor comprising a rotation axis which extends in an axial direction, wherein the rotor extends in an annular manner and has in a peripheral direction a large number of permanent magnets, the magnetization of which is orientated in each case in the peripheral direction, wherein the permanent magnets are arranged spaced apart from each other in the peripheral direction, wherein a first material at least comprising a soft magnetic composite is arranged between the permanent magnets, wherein a second material comprising an iron-containing material is further arranged between the permanent magnets, and wherein the second material is a sintered iron-containing material.

2. The rotor as claimed in claim 1, wherein for the axial flux motor the first material and the second material are arranged in layers and the layers are arranged one behind the other in the axial direction.

3. The rotor as claimed in claim 1, wherein for the axial flux motor the first material and the second material have together in the axial direction an overall height, wherein the first material extends over a first height which is at least 10% of the overall height.

4. The rotor as claimed in claim 3, wherein for the axial flux motor the permanent magnets have in the axial direction an extent which corresponds to the overall height.

5. The rotor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the permanent magnets extend in a radial direction at least partially further outward than the first material.

6. The rotor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the permanent magnets extend in a radial direction at least partially further inward than the first material.

7. The rotor as claimed in claim 1, wherein for the radial flux motor and the transversal flux motor the first material is arranged in the radial direction adjacent to a stator of the radial flux motor and the transversal flux motor.

8. An electric drive in the form of an axial flux motor, a radial flux motor or a transversal flux motor, the electric drive at least comprising a stator and a rotor as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stator has a number of cores which are surrounded by coils.

9. The electric drive as claimed in claim 8, wherein the stator has a soft magnetic composite.

10. The rotor as claimed in claim 1, wherein for the radial flux motor and the transversal flux motor the first material and the second material are arranged in layers and the layers are arranged in a radial direction one behind the other.

11. The rotor as claimed in claim 1, wherein for the radial flux motor and the transversal flux motor the first material and the second material together have an overall height in a radial direction, wherein the first material extends over a first height which is at least 10% of the overall height.

12. The rotor as claimed in claim 11, wherein for the radial flux motor and the transversal flux motor the permanent magnets have in the radial direction an extent which corresponds to the overall height.

Description

(1) The invention and the technical background are explained in greater detail below with reference to the Figures. It should be noted that the invention is not intended to be limited by the embodiments set out. In particular, as long as not explicitly set out otherwise, it is also possible to extract part-aspects of the content explained in the Figures and to combine them with other components and knowledge from the present description and/or Figures. In particular, it should be noted that the Figures and in particular the size relationships set out are only schematic. The same reference numerals refer to the same objects so that where applicable explanations from other Figures can be used in addition. In the drawings:

(2) FIG. 1: is a perspective view of a first construction variant of an axial flux motor;

(3) FIG. 2: is a perspective view of the rotor of the axial flux motor according to FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3: is a side view of the rotor according to FIG. 2;

(5) FIG. 4: shows the rotor according to FIGS. 2 and 3 in a view along the rotation axis; and

(6) FIG. 5: is a graph in which eddy current losses and the torque which can be produced are illustrated in accordance with a distribution of the first material and second material;

(7) FIG. 6: is a first perspective view of a second construction variant of an axial flux motor;

(8) FIG. 7: is a second perspective view of the axial flux motor from FIG. 6;

(9) FIG. 8: shows a path of the magnetic flux in a radial flux motor and a transversal flux motor and a temporally varying magnetic field at one time;

(10) FIG. 9: is a side view of a radial flux motor from FIG. 8 along the rotation axis;

(11) FIG. 10: is a perspective view of the radial flux motor according to FIG. 9;

(12) FIG. 11: shows a cut-out of a transversal flux motor as a side view along the rotation axis;

(13) FIG. 12: is a first perspective view of the cut-out according to FIG. 11;

(14) FIG. 13: is a second perspective view of the cut-out according to FIGS. 11 and 12.

(15) FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first construction variant of an axial flux motor 2 having a rotation axis 4. The axial flux motor 2 comprises a stator 14 and a rotor 1, wherein the stator 14 has a large number of cores 15 which are surrounded by coils 16. The cores 15 are produced at least partially from the first material 8.

(16) FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the rotor 1 of the axial flux motor 2 according to FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a side view of the rotor 1 according to FIG. 2. FIG. 4 shows the rotor 1 according to FIGS. 2 and 3 in a view along the rotation axis 4. FIGS. 2 to 4 are described together below.

(17) The rotor 1 has a rotation axis 4 which extends in an axial direction 3, wherein the rotor 1 extends in an annular manner and has in a peripheral direction 5 a large number of first permanent magnets 6 (having a first magnetization) and second permanent magnets 7 (having a second magnetization which is different from the first magnetization). The permanent magnets 6, 7 are differently magnetized alternately in the peripheral direction 5. The magnetization of the permanent magnets 6, 7 is in each case orientated in a peripheral direction 5, that is to say, the direction of the flux lines 17 (when leaving or entering the permanent magnets) is orientated in the peripheral direction 5. The permanent magnets 6, 7 are arranged spaced apart from each other in the peripheral direction 5, wherein a soft magnetic composite is arranged between the permanent magnets 6, 7 as a first material 8.

(18) An iron-containing material is further arranged between the permanent magnets 6, 7 as a second material 9. The first material 8 and the second material 9 are arranged in layers and in this instance in the axial direction 3 one behind the other. In the axial direction 3, the first material 8 and then the other material 9 are arranged.

(19) The first material 8 and the second material 9 together have in the axial direction 3 an overall height 10, wherein the first material 8 extends over a first height 11, which is approximately 50% of the overall height 10.

(20) The permanent magnets 6, 7 have in the axial direction 3 an extent 12 which corresponds to the overall height 10.

(21) The permanent magnets 6, 7 extend in a radial direction 13 both further outward and further inward than the first material 8.

(22) FIG. 5 shows a graph which illustrates eddy current losses 18 [Watt] (vertical axis) and the torque 19 which can be produced [mNm] (Milli-Newton meter) (vertical axis) in accordance with a distribution of the first material and second material (ratio 20 of the first height 11 to overall height 10 [%]; horizontal axis).

(23) The first line 21 shows the path of the eddy current losses 18 in accordance with the ratio 20. The second curve 22 shows the path of the torque 19 which can be achieved in accordance with the ratio 20.

(24) FIG. 6 is a first perspective view of a second construction variant of an axial flux motor 2. FIG. 7 is a second perspective view of the axial flux motor 2. Reference may be made to the explanations relating to FIGS. 1 to 4.

(25) In the axial flux motor 2, the rotor 1 and stator 14 are arranged one behind the other in the axial direction 3. In this instance, differently magnetized permanent magnets 6, 7 are arranged in the peripheral direction 5 alternately on the rotor 1. The magnetic field lines of an axial flux motor 2 extend substantially parallel with the rotation axis 4 in an axial direction 3, the magnetic field is thus orientated substantially parallel with the rotation axis 4.

(26) FIG. 8 shows a path of the magnetic flux or the magnetic field lines 25 in a radial flux motor 23 and a transversal flux motor 24 and a temporally varying magnetic field at a time. The stator 14 is illustrated without coils 16, wherein the changing polarity of the time-variable magnetic field for a time is illustrated by the +/−symbol. The rotor 1 has a rotation axis 4 which extends in an axial direction 3, wherein the rotor 1 extends in an annular manner and has in a peripheral direction 5 a large number of first permanent magnets 6 (with a first magnetization) and second permanent magnets 7 (with a second magnetization which differs from the first magnetization). The permanent magnets 6, 7 are differently magnetized alternately in the peripheral direction 5. The magnetization of the permanent magnets 6, 7 is orientated in each case in the peripheral direction 5, that is to say, the direction of the flux lines 17 (when leaving or entering the permanent magnets) is orientated in the peripheral direction 5. The permanent magnets 6, 7 are arranged spaced apart from each other in the peripheral direction 5, wherein a soft magnetic composite is arranged between the permanent magnets 6, 7 in the radial direction 13 externally as a first material 8 and a second material 9 is arranged in the radial direction 13 internally.

(27) FIG. 9 is a side view of a radial flux motor 23 along the rotation axis 4. FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the radial flux motor 23 according to FIG. 9. FIGS. 9 and 10 are described together below. Reference may be made to the statements relating to FIG. 8.

(28) In a radial flux motor 23, the rotor 1 and stator 14 are arranged one behind the other in a radial direction 13 (that is to say, in this instance the rotor 1 internally and stator 14). In this instance, differently magnetized permanent magnets 6, 7 are arranged in the peripheral direction 5 alternately on the rotor 1. The magnetic field lines 25 of a radial flux motor 23 extend substantially transversely relative to the rotation axis 4 in a radial direction 13, the magnetic field is thus orientated substantially transversely with respect to the rotation axis 4.

(29) For the radial flux motor 23, the first material 8 and the second material 9 are arranged in layers and in this instance in a radial direction 13 one behind the other. Starting internally and moving outwardly in the radial direction 13, first the second material 9 and then the first material 8 are arranged in this case.

(30) In the arrangement of the rotor 1 on the stator 14, in order to form an electric machine the first material 8 is arranged in the direction toward the stator 14.

(31) For the radial flux motor 23, the first material 8 is arranged in the radial direction 13 adjacent to the stator 14 of the radial flux motor 23. The second material 9 is arranged with spacing from the stator 14. The first material 8 is arranged between the second material 9 and the stator 14.

(32) For the radial flux motor 23, the first material 8 and the second material 9 have together in the radial direction 13 an overall height 10, wherein the first material 8 extends over a first height 11.

(33) FIG. 11 shows a cut-out of a transversal flux motor 24 as a side view about the rotation axis 4. FIG. 12 shows the cut-out according to FIG. 11 as a first perspective view. FIG. 13 shows the cut-out according to FIGS. 11 and 12 as a second perspective view. FIGS. 11 to 13 are described together below.

(34) Transversal flux motors 24 generally comprise a stator 14 and a rotor 1. The rotor 1 and stator 14 are arranged one behind the other in a radial direction 13 (that is to say, in this instance the rotor 1 internally and stator 14 externally). In this instance, differently magnetized permanent magnets 6, 7 are arranged alternately in the peripheral direction 5 on the rotor 1. The magnetic field lines 25 of a transversal flux motor 24 extend substantially parallel with the rotation axis 4 in an axial direction 3, the magnetic field is thus orientated substantially parallel with the rotation axis 4. The magnetic flux also extends in this instance three-dimensionally in the radial direction 13 and in the peripheral direction 5.

(35) For a claw-pole stator 14, two claw-pole stators 14 are arranged beside each other in the axial direction 3, wherein they contact each other via the end faces 25 (end faces 25 indicated in FIG. 12) or are already constructed in one piece (see FIG. 13). Each claw-pole stator 14 has a large number of poles 27, 28 which extend from a base face 29 in the axial direction 3. The first pole 27 of the first claw-pole stator 14 and second poles 28 of the second claw-pole stator 14 are arranged alternately in the peripheral direction 5 and in each case adjacent to each other and so as to overlap each other in the axial direction 3, but spaced apart from each other. The poles 27, 28 are arranged on the inner peripheral face 30. The claw-pole stators 14 contact each other via the end faces 25 on the outer peripheral face 31 (see FIG. 12 or are constructed in one piece, see FIG. 13). A coil 16 is arranged so as to extend in the peripheral direction 5 between the claw-pole stators 14 in the intermediate space of the claw-pole stators 14 in the axial direction 3 between the end faces 25 and in the radial direction 13 between the mutually contacting end faces 25 and the poles 27, 28.

(36) For the transversal flux motor 24, the first material 8 and the second material 9 are arranged in layers and in this instance in a radial direction 13 one behind the other. In this instance, therefore, starting from the inner side and moving in the radial direction 13 externally, first the second material 9 and then the first material 8 are arranged.

(37) When the rotor 1 is arranged on the stator 14, in order to form an electric machine the first material 8 is arranged in the direction toward the stator 14.

(38) For the transversal flux motor 24, the first material 8 is arranged in the radial direction 13 adjacent to the stator 14 of the transversal flux motor 24. The second material 9 is arranged with spacing from the stator 14. The first material 8 is arranged between the second material 9 and the stator 14.

(39) For the transversal flux motor 24, the first material 8 and the second material 9 have together in the radial direction 13 an overall height 10, wherein the first material 8 extends over a first height 11.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

(40) 1 Rotor 2 Axial flux motor 3 Axial direction 4 Rotation axis 5 Peripheral direction 6 First permanent magnet 7 Second permanent magnet 8 First material 9 Second material 10 Overall height 11 First height 12 Extent 13 Radial direction 14 Stator 15 Core 16 Coil 17 Direction of the flux lines 18 Eddy current loss [Watt] 19 Torque [mNm] 20 Ratio of first height/overall height [%] 21 First line 22 Second line 23 Radial flux motor 24 Transversal flux motor 25 Magnetic field line 26 End face 27 First pole 28 Second pole 29 Base face 30 Inner peripheral face 31 Outer peripheral face