Rotor blade of a wind turbine, having a splitter plate

Abstract

A rotor blade of a wind turbine, wherein the rotor blade has in particular a splitter plate, which is arranged on the blunt trailing edge of the rotor blade. The splitter plate comprises: a root edge, wherein the root edge is arranged on, in particular along, the trailing edge below a transition from the suction side into the trailing edge, an end edge, wherein the end edge forms a free edge, and a surface between the root edge and the end edge, wherein the surface has at least one curved part between the root edge and the end edge, and at least one part of the surface lies in the shear layer generated by the suction side. A rotor blade of a wind turbine, wherein the rotor blade has in particular a splitter plate, which is arranged on the blunt trailing edge of the rotor blade. The splitter plate comprises: a root edge, wherein the root edge is arranged on, in particular along, the trailing edge below a transition from the suction side into the trailing edge, an end edge, wherein the end edge forms a free edge, and a surface between the root edge and the end edge, wherein the surface has at least one curved part between the root edge and the end edge, and at least one part of the surface lies in the shear layer generated by the suction side.

Claims

1. A rotor blade of a wind turbine, the rotor blade comprising: a leading edge and a blunt trailing edge; a suction side and a pressure side between the leading edge and the blunt trailing edge, wherein the suction side generates a shear layer when air flows around during operation of the wind turbine, wherein the leading edge, the blunt trailing edge, the suction side and the pressure side form a reference system in which the leading edge is arranged in front of the blunt trailing edge and the suction side is arranged above the pressure side, and wherein, in the reference system, a profile chord direction extends from the leading edge to the blunt trailing edge; and a splitter plate arranged on the blunt trailing edge of the rotor blade, wherein the splitter plate comprises: a root edge, wherein the root edge is arranged on the blunt trailing edge below a transition from the suction side into the blunt trailing edge; an end edge, wherein the end edge forms a free edge; and a plate-shaped body extending between the root edge and the end edge, wherein the plate-shaped body comprises at least one curved part between the root edge and the end edge, and at least one part of the plate-shaped body lies in the shear layer generated by the suction side.

2. The rotor blade as claimed in claim 1, wherein the curved part of the plate-shaped body lies at least partially in the shear layer.

3. The rotor blade as claimed in claim 2, wherein a curvature of the curved part that lies in the shear layer is determined based on a determination of a stress capacity of the shear layer.

4. The rotor blade as claimed in claim 2, wherein the curved part of the plate-shaped body has a clockwise curvature with respect to the profile chord direction of the rotor blade.

5. The rotor blade as claimed in claim 4, wherein the root edge is at a point on the plate-shaped body of the splitter plate at which the plate-shaped body of the splitter plate is at a maximum distance from a profile chord of the rotor blade.

6. The rotor blade as claimed in claim 4, wherein a point on the plate-shaped body of the splitter plate at which the plate-shaped body of the splitter plate is at a maximum distance from a profile chord of the rotor blade lies between the root edge and the end edge.

7. The rotor blade as claimed in claim 2, wherein the curved part of the plate-shaped body has a first part and a second part, wherein the first part and the second part have different curvatures.

8. The rotor blade as claimed in claim 7, wherein the first part has a counterclockwise curvature with respect to the profile chord direction of the rotor blade, and the second part has a clockwise curvature with respect to the profile chord direction of the rotor blade.

9. The rotor blade as claimed in claim 8, wherein the second part adjoins the first part in the profile chord direction.

10. The rotor blade as claimed in claim 7, wherein a transition between the first part and the second part has an edge.

11. The rotor blade as claimed in claim 7, wherein the second part starts, in the profile chord direction, from at least two thirds of a length of the splitter plate in the profile chord direction.

12. The rotor blade as claimed in claim 9, wherein the clockwise curvature of the second part in the profile chord direction decreases continuously.

13. The rotor blade as claimed in claim 10, wherein a point on the plate-shaped body of the splitter plate at which the plate-shaped body of the splitter plate is at a maximum distance from a profile chord of the rotor blade lies in the second part.

14. The rotor blade as claimed in claim 1, wherein the curved part of the plate-shaped body begins at the root edge.

15. The rotor blade as claimed in claim 1, wherein the splitter plate has a straight part, and the straight part adjoins the curved part, and ends with the end edge, in the profile chord direction.

16. The rotor blade as claimed in claim 15, wherein the straight part lies at least partially in the shear layer.

17. The rotor blade as claimed in claim 1, wherein the blunt trailing edge of the rotor blade has a trailing edge thickness, and a length of the splitter plate between the root edge and the end edge in the profile chord direction is 0.75 to 1.5 times the trailing edge thickness.

18. The rotor blade as claimed in claim 1, wherein the end edge of the splitter plate lies in the shear layer and is at a greater distance from the profile chord of the rotor blade than the root edge.

19. The rotor blade as claimed in claim 1, wherein the splitter plate is arranged on the blunt trailing edge of the rotor blade such that the root edge is at a distance from the profile chord of the rotor blade.

20. The rotor blade as claimed in claim 19, wherein the distance from the profile chord is set such that a part of the splitter plate lies in the shear layer.

21. The rotor blade as claimed in claim 1, wherein the splitter plate is arranged on the blunt trailing edge of the rotor blade by a hinge.

22. A wind turbine comprising a rotor, and a rotor blade as claimed in claim 1 coupled to the rotor.

23. A splitter plate for use on a rotor blade of a wind turbine, the splitter plate comprising: a root edge, wherein the root edge is configured for arrangement on a trailing edge of the rotor blade; an end edge, wherein the end edge forms a free edge; and a plate-shaped body between the root edge and the end edge, wherein the plate-shaped body has at least one curved part between the root edge and the end edge, and at least one part of the plate-shaped body is suitable for lying located in a shear layer generated by a suction side of the rotor blade while the wind turbine is in operation, wherein the splitter plate is configured to be secured to a blunt trailing edge of the rotor blade of the wind turbine.

24. A method for optimizing a rotor blade of a wind turbine, the method comprising: determining a flow pattern of the rotor blade, wherein the determination comprises a determination of a location of a shear layer that is generated by a suction side of the rotor blade while the wind turbine is in operation; and determining a distance of a root edge of a splitter plate from a profile chord of the rotor blade, and a curvature of the splitter plate, such that at least one part of the splitter plate lies in the shear layer; and securing the splitter plate to a blunt trailing edge of the rotor blade, wherein the splitter plate comprises: the root edge, wherein the root edge is arranged on the trailing edge of the rotor blade below a transition from the suction side into the trailing edge; an end edge, wherein the end edge forms a free edge; and a plate-shaped body extending between the root edge and the end edge, wherein the plate-shaped body comprises the curvature.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The present invention will now be discussed in more detail below by way of example on the basis of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying figures.

(2) FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a wind turbine having a rotor blade according to the invention.

(3) FIG. 2 schematically shows a profile section of a rotor blade with a splitter plate.

(4) FIGS. 3 to 5 schematically show different embodiments of a splitter plate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(5) FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a wind turbine according to the invention. The wind turbine 100 has a tower 102 and a nacelle 104 on the tower 102. An aerodynamic rotor 106 having three rotor blades 108 according to the invention and having a spinner 110 is provided on the nacelle 104. During the operation of the wind turbine, the aerodynamic rotor 106 is set in rotational motion by the wind and thereby also rotates an electrodynamic rotor or runner of a generator, which is coupled directly or indirectly to the aerodynamic rotor 106. The electric generator is arranged in the nacelle 104 and generates electrical energy. The pitch angles of the rotor blades 108 can be changed by pitch motors at the rotor blade roots of the respective rotor blades 108.

(6) FIG. 2 schematically shows a profile section through a rotor blade of the wind turbine 100. Here, the rotor blade 201 has a leading edge 202 and a trailing edge 203. For this profile, the trailing edge 203 is in the form of a blunt trailing edge 203 with a specific trailing edge thickness. Here, the blunt trailing edge 203 extends outward preferably from a starting point of the rotor blade 201 at the rotor, wherein, from a particular length of the rotor blade 201, the blunt trailing edge 203 transitions into a converging trailing edge. The rotor blade 201 furthermore has a suction side 204 and a pressure side 205. The profile chord 206 defines a profile chord direction from the leading edge 202 to the trailing edge 203, wherein, in the drawing, the profile chord direction corresponds to the direction of the X-axis. A shear flow is generated on the suction side 204 of the rotor blade 201, wherein it is assumed that the air flows around the rotor blade 201 in the profile chord direction, that is to say the X direction. Here, the shear flow continues beyond the transition from the suction side 204 to the trailing edge 203, that is to say, in this embodiment, beyond the trailing edge 203.

(7) The profile of the rotor blade 201 shown here is purely schematic, and the rotor blade 201 may have any desired advantageous profile, as long as the profile shows, at least in parts, a blunt trailing edge.

(8) The rotor blade 201 furthermore has a splitter plate 207, wherein an enlarged detail 208 of parts of the rotor blade 201, in particular the trailing edge 203, and the splitter plate 207 is considered more closely in FIGS. 3 to 5.

(9) FIG. 3 shows a first embodiment of a preferred splitter plate, wherein the same reference signs denote identical features. The splitter plate 301 shown in FIG. 3 has a root edge 302 and an end edge 303. The surface of the splitter plate 301 has a positive curvature in the profile chord direction, that is to say the X direction, between the root edge 302 and the end edge 303. The point 304 indicates firstly the point of the splitter plate 301 at which the surface of the splitter plate 301 assumes a maximum distance from the profile chord 206 of the rotor blade 201, and secondly the point at which the shear flow generated by the suction side 204 attaches to the splitter plate 301. In this embodiment, the root edge 302 of the splitter plate 301 is arranged below the transition from the suction side 204 to the trailing edge 203, but above the profile chord 206. The root edge 302 thus has a distance 305 from the root edge 302 to the profile chord 206. When the splitter plate 301 is arranged on the rotor blade 201, said distance 305 may be selected such that the splitter plate 301 optimally adjoins the shear layer from the point 304. Also, it is possible for the distance 308 between the root edge 302 and the point 304 at the maximum distance of the surface of the splitter plate 301 from the profile chord 206 to likewise be selected such that the rear part of the splitter plate 301 fits optimally into the shear flow. The length 306 of the splitter plate 301 between the root edge 302 and the end edge 303 along the profile chord direction is in turn dependent on the trailing edge thickness 307.

(10) FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the splitter plate. In this embodiment too, the splitter plate 401 has a root edge 402 below the transition from the suction side 204 to the trailing edge 203, and has an end edge 403. As in the preceding embodiment, the point 404 defines the maximum distance of the surface of the splitter plate 401 from the profile chord 206 of the rotor blade 201 and describes the point at which the shear layer attaches to the splitter plate 401. By contrast to the preceding embodiment of the splitter plate 401, the splitter plate 401 has negative curvature in the profile chord direction, that is to say the X direction, in a first part, which directly adjoins the root edge 402, and has positive curvature in the profile chord direction in a second part, which extends to the end edge 403. As in the preceding embodiment, the distance 405 between the root edge 402 and the profile chord 206 is determined according to the course of the shear flow after the transition from the suction side 204 into the trailing edge 203 and is set such that that part of the splitter plate 401 which has positive curvature at least partially adjoins the shear flow. The distance 408 between the root edge 402 and the point 404 is also determined accordingly. In this embodiment too, the length 406 of the splitter plate 401 is determined via the trailing edge thickness 407 of the rotor blade 201.

(11) FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the splitter plate according to the embodiment in FIG. 4, wherein the splitter plate 501 again has a root edge 502, an end edge 503 and a point 504 which indicates the maximum distance of the splitter plate 501 from the profile chord 206. In this embodiment, the rotor blade 201 shows a trailing edge profile which differs from the trailing edge profile of the preceding figures. In this embodiment, the trailing edge 509 is rounded and has no sharp edges in the transition between the suction side 204 and the trailing edge 509. In such an embodiment too, a distance 505 may be defined between the profile chord 206 and the root edge 502, and set such that the rear part of the splitter plate 501 lies within the shear layer which is generated by the suction side 204. As in the preceding embodiments, the distance 508 between the root edge 502 and the point 504 is also determined in this embodiment. Furthermore, it is also possible in this case for a trailing edge thickness 507 to be defined, with the length 506 of the splitter plate 501 being determined in a manner dependent thereon. The trailing edge thickness 507 may be defined here for example such that the points of the rotor blade profile at which the rotor blade profile departs from the reference profile contour in favor of the radii of the trailing edge are determined. The distance of these two points from one another may then be defined as the trailing edge thickness 507.

(12) In a further embodiment, the rotor blade has a Gurney flap, with the splitter plate being arranged on the Gurney flap. In this embodiment, the blunt trailing edge is defined by the Gurney flap, wherein the rotor blade itself does not need to have a blunt trailing edge.

(13) In a further embodiment, the splitter plate may be combined with a suction-side extension. With such a combination, the splitter plate may be used to prevent the formation of a Kármán street behind the suction-side extension. In this embodiment, the improvement of the lift can be realized completely or partially by the suction-side extension. Here, an end edge of the suction-side extension and the end edge of the splitter plate may coincide.

(14) The shown exemplary embodiments for a splitter plate are not exhaustive. In this regard, in a further embodiment, the splitter plate could have clockwise curvature in the profile chord direction from the root edge to the end edge. Furthermore, the splitter plate, starting at the root edge, may firstly have clockwise curvature in the profile chord direction and then, for example from the point of the maximum distance of the splitter plate from the profile chord, transition into a straight line. Here, the positive curvature in the profile chord direction could decrease continuously from the point of the maximum distance from the profile chord until the splitter plate becomes straight. Furthermore, from the root point, the splitter plate could be straight from the root point and then have clockwise curvature. In a further embodiment, the splitter plate could also have counterclockwise curvature from the root point, then have an edge and, after the edge, have clockwise curvature in the profile chord direction.

(15) In a preferred embodiment, the length of the splitter plate is 0.75-1.5 times the trailing edge thickness, wherein the splitter plate may also be of shorter form, for example owing to the course of the shear layer.

(16) For achieving an aerodynamic effect of the splitter plate, it is particularly advantageous for clockwise curvature in the profile chord direction to begin at the latest from two thirds of the length of the splitter plate, as measured from the root edge to the end edge. If the splitter plate has a change of curvature, for example a change of curvature from counterclockwise curvature to clockwise curvature, it is advantageous for the change of curvature to take place between 0% and 80% of the length of the splitter plate, as measured from the root edge to the end edge.

(17) The distance between the root edge and the point with the maximum distance from the profile chord, this distance also being referred to as bump height, can be determined by the course of the shear flow in the optimum angle-of-attack range of the rotor blade. Furthermore, the shear flow and thus also the bump height can depend on additional components, such as for example Gurney flaps, which are attached to the rotor blade. Here, it is possible to determine the course of the shear flow experimentally, for example by wind tunnel measurements, or by means of 2D or 3D computer simulations. Accordingly, it is also possible to determine an optimum position of the bump height and of the distance between the root edge and the profile chord such that the curved surface of the splitter plate lies in the shear layer. Although all of the embodiments shown above show a root edge which is arranged above the profile chord, it is also possible for the root edge to be arranged below the profile chord. Furthermore, the end edge of the splitter plate may lie both above and below the root edge.