DEVICE FOR SEPARATION AND/OR PRESERVATION OF A BIOFLUID AT A POINT-OF-CARE, KIT AND METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING A DISEASE

Abstract

A device for separation and/or preservation of non-cellular components from a biofluid sample includes at least one separation member to separate the non-cellular components from the sample and to retain cellular components, at least one extraction member to permit extraction of the non-cellular components from the separation member, at least one flow assay to analyze the non-cellular components extracted, and a housing in which the separation member, the extraction member and the flow assay are arranged. The housing is configured to be shifted from a first configuration to a second configuration In the first configuration, the separation member and the extraction member are fluidly coupled so that the device is configured to extract the non-cellular components In the second configuration, the separation member and the extraction member are fluidly uncoupled to prevent a preservative added to the separation member from reaching the extraction member and/or the flow assay.

Claims

1. A device for separation or preservation of non-cellular components from a biofluid sample at a point-of-care, wherein said device comprises: at least one separation member configured to separate the non-cellular components from the sample and to retain cellular components; at least one extraction member configured to permit extraction of the non-cellular components from the separation member; at least one flow assay configured to analyze the non-cellular components extracted by the extraction member; and a housing in which the separation member, the extraction member and the flow assay are arranged, the housing including a first housing part and a second housing part, wherein the separation member is configured to move with the first housing part and the extraction member is configured to move with the second housing part; wherein the housing is configured to be shifted from a first configuration to a second configuration by rotating the first housing part and the second housing part with respect to each other; wherein, in the first configuration, the separation member and the extraction member are fluidly coupled with each other so that the device is configured to extract the non-cellular components from the separation member by the extraction member; and wherein, in the second configuration, the separation member and the extraction member are fluidly uncoupled from each other to prevent a preservative added to the separation member from reaching the extraction member or the flow assay.

2. The device of claim 1, wherein the separation member comprises a separation member upper surface onto which the sample is applied and a separation member lower surface that is opposite the separation member upper surface; wherein the separation member lower surface is in contact with the extraction member when the device is provided in the first configuration; and wherein the separation member lower surface is moved away from the extraction member when the device is provided in the second configuration.

3. The device of claim 1, wherein the device comprises a mechanism for shifting the device between the first configuration and the second configuration; and wherein the mechanism configured to rotate and translate the separation member and the extraction member away from each other when the device is moved from the first configuration into the second configuration.

4. The device of claim 1, wherein the device comprises a mechanism for shifting the device between the first configuration and the second configuration; wherein the mechanism is configured such that a movement of the first housing part and the second housing part from the second configuration to the first configuration is restricted by a locking mechanism which either: can only be overcome by rotating the first and second housing parts backwards with increased force; or cannot by overcome by rotating the first and second housing parts backwards without destruction of the mechanism and/or at least one of the first and second housing parts.

5. The device of claim 3, wherein the housing comprises a first housing part and a second housing part wherein the first housing part and the second housing part are movably connected to each other via the mechanism for shifting the device between the first configuration and the second configuration; wherein the separation member is held in the first housing part; and wherein the extraction member and the flow assay are held in the second housing part.

6. The device of claim 1, wherein a first one of the first housing part and the second housing part comprises at least one protrusion, wherein the at least one protrusion engages with at least one groove provided on a second one of the first housing part and the second housing part, wherein the protrusion moves along the groove when the device is shifted from the first configuration to the second configuration; or wherein the first one of the first housing part and the second housing part comprises a plurality of protrusions that engage with a plurality of grooves provided on the second one of the first housing part and the second housing part, wherein the protrusions move along a respective one of the grooves when the device is shifted from the first configuration to the second configuration.

7. The device of claim 1, wherein the first housing part comprises a through hole; wherein the through hole is disposed above the separation member when the device is in the first configuration that the sample can be applied there through.

8. The device of claim 1, wherein a window through which the flow assay is visible is formed in a bottom of the second housing part.

9. The device of claim 1, wherein the separation member is configured to separate the non-cellular components from the sample by gravity or a capillary force from the extraction member.

10. The device of claim 1, wherein the flow assay comprises one or more of: at least one first flow assay for identifying peptides related to a disease by one or more of: nanobodies, antibodies, aptamers, and/or glycans; and/or at least one second flow assay for identifying a serological response against the disease.

11. A kit comprising the device of claim 1, and a preservative for preservation of biomolecules gathered in the separation member.

12. A method for identifying a disease, the method too) comprising: (a) a step of providing the device of claim 1 at a point-of-care; (b) a sample application step of applying the sample to the separation member at the point-of-care; (c) a separating step of separating, by the separation member, the non-cellular components from the cellular components, wherein the non-cellular components are extracted from the separation member by the extraction member; (d) a flow assay step of applying at least a portion of the non-cellular components separated by the separation members to a flow assay for identifying at least one of peptides of the disease and a serological response against the disease; (e) an analyzing step of separately analyzing i) the separated cellular components and ii) the non-cellular components by different techniques.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the method further comprises a step of adding a liquid preservative for conserving the molecular integrity of at least one of DNA, RNA, proteins and metabolites to the separation member, wherein the preservative is added after step (c).

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the analyzing step comprises a step of analyzing the cellular components retained in the separation member by a genomic technique.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein the analyzing step comprises a step of detecting viral peptides in the cellular components by mass spectrometry, immune detection or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

16. The method of claim 12, wherein the analyzing step comprises a step of detecting viral peptides in the non-cellular components by mass spectrometry.

17. The method of claim 12, wherein the sample is capillary blood and wherein the capillary blood is applied in a drop-wise manner.

18. The device of claim 1, wherein the first housing part comprises a through hole; wherein the through hole is disposed above the separation member when the device is in the second configuration so that the preservative can be applied therethrough.

19. The device of claim 10, wherein the disease is a coronavirus or an influenza virus.

20. The method of claim 14, wherein the cellular components are analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and comprise lymphocytes retained in the separation member.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0077] The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the figures below. These figures disclose embodiments of the invention for illustrational purposes only. In particular, the disclosure provided by the figures is not meant to limit the scope of protection conferred by the invention.

[0078] FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a method according to an embodiment of the disclosure;

[0079] FIG. 2A schematically illustrates a separation member and an extraction member in a first configuration;

[0080] FIG. 2B schematically illustrates the separation member and the extraction member of FIG. 2A being shifted into a second configuration by moving them laterally and/or rotationally with respect to each other;

[0081] FIG. 2C schematically illustrates the separation member and the extraction member of FIG. 2A being shifted into a second configuration by moving them vertically with respect to each other;

[0082] FIG. 2D schematically illustrates a second configuration achieved by moving a liquid impervious harrier element between the separation member and the extraction member of FIG. 2A;

[0083] FIG. 3A schematically illustrates a perspective view of a device according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0084] FIG. 3B schematically illustrates a bottom view of a first housing part of the device of FIG. 3A;

[0085] FIG. 3C schematically illustrates a top view of a second housing part of the device of FIG. 3A;

[0086] FIG. 3D schematically illustrates a bottom view of the second housing part of the device of FIG. 3A;

[0087] FIG. 4A schematically illustrates a first possibility of incorporating a desiccant into the device;

[0088] FIG. 4B schematically illustrates a second possibility of incorporating the desiccant into the device;

[0089] FIG. 5A schematically illustrates a perspective view of a first housing part of a device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0090] FIG. 5B schematically illustrates a top view of the first housing part of FIG. 5A;

[0091] FIG. 5C schematically illustrates a cross section along the line B-B indicated in FIG. 5B;

[0092] FIG. 5D schematically illustrates a perspective view of a second housing part of the device according to the second embodiment;

[0093] FIG. 5E schematically illustrates a side view of the second housing part of FIG. 5D;

[0094] FIG. 5F schematically illustrates a perspective view of the second housing part of FIGS. 5D and 5E from below;

[0095] FIG. 6 shows graphs illustrating the performance of the device disclosed herein for gathering plasma, white blood cells, and white blood cell subtypes;

[0096] FIG. 7 shows a graph illustrating the levels of L1PA2 DNA in the device disclosed herein and other methods for sampling capillary blood;

[0097] FIG. 8 shows a graph illustrating the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the serum of a COVID-19 seroconverted patient.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0098] FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a method 100 for identifying a disease—for example an infection with a pathogen (e.g., a viral infection, such as Sars-CoV-2, a bacterial infection or an infection with a parasite) or a genetic mutation (e.g., a genetic mutation influencing the production of one or more proteins)—according to the present invention. The method 100 preferably employs minute amounts of a biofluid as a biological sample (e.g., 80 microliter or less), in particular minute amounts of blood or saliva, for a rapid separation of non-cellular components from a biological sample (e.g., plasma or serum from a blood sample or non-cellular components from a saliva sample) and, preferably, for providing a first analysis result via a flow assay (e.g., in 15 minutes or less). At the same time, the method 100 allows for an accurate characterization of molecular alterations occurring at different molecular levels during the course of the disease in a laboratory.

[0099] The method 100 includes a first step 110 of providing a device for separation of non-cellular components (e.g., plasma or serum from the blood sample) at a point-of-care. The device comprises a housing, at least one separation member configured to separate the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) from the sample and to retain cellular components, and at least one extraction member configured to extract the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) from the separation member. Suitable devices and some of their possible functional principles are described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 5. The sample (e.g., the blood or saliva sample) may be applied to the device as drops, for example as less than 10 drops or less than 5 drops. The blood may be capillary blood.

[0100] The method 100 further includes at least one sample application step 120 of applying the sample to the separation member at the point-of-care. After the sample is applied, a separating step 130 of separating, by the separation member, the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) from the cellular components, is performed. This is achieved by extracting non-cellular components (e.g., plasma or serum) separated by the separation member by the extraction member provided in the device. The separating step 130 is preferably performed at the point-of-care.

[0101] As further indicated in FIG. 1, a flow assay step 140 may be performed at this stage. For this purpose, a flow assay is provided in the device and at least a portion of the sample is applied thereto, preferably at least a portion of the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) separated by the separation member. The non-cellular components may flow into the flow assay from the extraction member. As such, the flow assay step 140 may be performed while the plasma or serum is still being separated and extracted in the separating step 130. After the flow assay step 140 has been completed, the result. of the flow assay may immediately be read out by the user and/or the patient.

[0102] The method may also comprise adding a buffer and/or a detergent to the flow assay in the step 140 in order to provide for a more homogeneous speed of the antibodies moving through the assay. This may be done, for example, after the separating step 130 has been completed. The buffer and/or detergent may be added as a liquid, e.g. drop-wise.

[0103] Subsequent to the separation step 130, the method 100 comprises a step 150 of adding a preservative for conserving molecular components (such as DNA and/or RNA, e.g. viral DNA and/or viral RNA, one or more proteins and/or one or more metabolites). The preservative is preferably added as a liquid in a drop-wise manner. Alternatively or additionally, the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) gathered in the extraction member and/or in the flow assay may be dried in a drying step 155, in which a desiccant is positioned adjacent the extraction member and/or of the flow assay.

[0104] After step 150 and/or step 155, the separation member and/or the extraction member are transferred horn the point-of-care to a laboratory in step 160. It is envisaged that this may be done at ambient conditions (e.g., ambient temperature and/or humidity), but this may depend on the analysis to be performed and/or the analytes to be considered. The transfer step 160 could thus be performed, depending on the circumstances, under ambient conditions. For example, molecules of interest could be detected even if the device is stored for up to 1 week or up to 2 weeks at up to 30° C., thereby avoiding the need for cooled transport.

[0105] As further illustrated in FIG. 1, the method 100 comprises an analyzing step 170 of analyzing the separated cellular components and/or the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum, or the non-cellular components of the saliva). For this, the cellular components and/or the non-cellular components may be dissolved in a solution and/or washed out from the separation member and the extraction member, respectively. The solution may be an aqueous solution. As evident from the above, the analyzing step 170 preferably is performed after the transfer step 160.

[0106] The analyzing step 170 preferably comprises a multi-level analysis in which both the cellular components and the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum, or the non-cellular components of the saliva) are analyzed by one or more analytical techniques.

[0107] In particular, the analysis step 170 preferably comprises at least one first analysis step 180 in which the cellular components are analyzed, for example by one or more genomic techniques (e.g. PCR and/or next-generation sequencing). Such PCR technique allows to identify DNA and/or RNA present in the separated cellular components (e.g., DNA and/or RNA of a virus). For example, blood cells (e.g., lymphocytes) retained in the separation member may be analyzed by genomic techniques, such as PCR. Such PCR analysis may include RT-qPCR and/or dd-PCR. Alternatively or additionally, the first analysis step 180 may comprise analyzing the cellular components retained in the separation member by a proteomics-based method, such as by mass spectrometry (e.g., liquid chromatography mass spectrometry).

[0108] The analysis step preferably comprises at least one second analysis step 190 in which the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) extracted by the extraction member is analyzed. Such analysis preferably comprises at least one proteomics-based method, such as mass spectrometry (e.g., liquid chromatography mass spectrometry). Such analysis may provide a multi-omic profile. Alternatively or additionally, one or more genomic techniques (e.g. PCR, in particular RT-qPCR and/or dd-PCR, and/or next-generation sequencing) may be performed on the extracted non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum). For example, viral RNA and/or DNA may be detected in the plasma or serum, such as RNA of Sars-CoV-2.

[0109] The cellular components and/or the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) may also be analyzed by one or more immunofluorescence methods (e.g Luminex technology), for example in order to detect a cytokine storm.

[0110] Alternatively or additionally, the device or parts thereof (e.g., the extraction member and/or the separation member) could be used as a biobank for conserving the cellular components and/or the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) for later analysis.

[0111] FIG. 2A schematically illustrates a separation member 50 and an extraction member 60 of a device 1 according to the invention (the other components of which are described in more detail hereinafter with reference to FIGS. 3A to 3D and FIG. 5) in a first configuration A. In this first configuration A the separation member 50 is fluidly connected with the extraction member 60 such that liquid (in particular, liquid comprising the non-cellular components, such as the serum or plasma) can flow from the separation member 50 to the extraction member 60. As shown in FIG. 2A, this is, preferably, achieved by contacting a first, lower surface 52 of the separation member 50 with a first, upper surface 61 of the extraction member 60. In this manner a sample 2 (e.g., blood or saliva) applied to a second, upper surface 51 of the separation member 50 may be filtered in the separation member 50 by gravity and/or capillary forces exerted by the extraction member 60. The non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) provided at the lower surface 52 of the separation member 50 are then extracted by and at least partially gathered in the extraction member 60.

[0112] As further illustrated by dashed lines in FIG. 2A, the extraction member 60 may be fluidly coupled to a flow assay 70 (in FIG. 2A, a lateral flow assay is illustrated in an exemplary manner. The flow assay receives at least a portion of the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) gathered in the extraction member 60. A flow assay test is then performed on said portion of the non-cellular components for identifying at least one pathogen or other disease, in particular for identifying one or more of nanobodies, and/or antibodies and/or aptamers and/or glycans. For example, the flow assay may identify a serological response against the pathogen (e.g., against a virus), in particular IgA and/or IgM and/or IgG antibodies.

[0113] The flow assay 70 may be formed as a unitary structure with the extraction member 60. In particular, the extraction member 60 may form a sample receiving section of the flow assay 70. The flow assay 70 may include a conjugate pad (not shown; e.g., from a cellulose based material) that is provided below the extraction member 60.

[0114] FIGS. 2B and 2C schematically illustrate a second configuration B of the device wherein the separation member 50 and the extraction member 60 are fluidly uncoupled from each other such that no liquid can flow from the separation member 50 to the extraction member 60. In FIG. 2B, this is achieved by moving the separation member 50 away from the extraction member 60 in a lateral direction (e.g., by a lateral movement and/or a rotation of the members 50, 60 with respect to each other). In FIG. 2C, this is achieved by moving the separation member 50 away from the extraction member 60 in the vertical direction. In the second configuration B, the lower surface 52 of the separation member 50 and the upper surface 61 of the extraction member 60 do not touch each other anymore.

[0115] As discussed above, providing the device in such second configuration B is advantageous for applying a preservative 4 for preserving the cellular components gathered in the separation member 50. Moreover, a detergent 6 and/or a buffer 8 may be applied to the extraction member 60 and/or to the flow assay 70.

[0116] FIG. 2D shows an alternative manner of severing the fluid connection between the separation member 50 and the extraction member 60. As schematically shown in FIG. 2D, a liquid impervious barrier element 90 may be arranged between the separation member 50 and the extraction member 60 (in particular, between the lower surface 52 of the separation member 50 and the upper surface 61 of the extraction member 60) in order to interrupt the liquid connection and avoid liquid from passing from one member to the other. As the skilled person will appreciate, such barrier element 90 could be employed instead of or in combination with the relative movement of the members 50, 60 described above.

[0117] FIGS. 3A to 3D show different views of a device 1 according to a first exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The device comprises a housing 10 with a first housing part 20 and a second housing part 30.

[0118] As shown in FIG. 3A, the first housing part 20 comprises a sample introduction portion 25 comprising a first through hole 28 through which the sample 2 may be introduced into the device 1. This may be capillary blood dripping from, e.g., a finger, saliva, sputum, urine, or another biofluid. The sample 2 drips onto the first, upper surface 51 of the separation member 50 when applied through the hole 28, in particular when the device 1 is provided in the first configuration A (see FIG. 2A). The sample introduction portion may further include an air hole 29, which also terminates at the separation member 50 and improves evacuation of air when the sample 2 is introduced through the hole 28.

[0119] The through hole 28 may also be arranged such that drops of preservative 4 can be applied therethrough when the device 1 is in the second configuration B (see FIGS. 2B to 2D).

[0120] As further shown in FIG. 3A, the device 1 may also comprise a lid 41 The lid 40 may be arranged to be closed and cover, in particular, the sample introduction portion 25. The lid 40 may comprise a first protrusion 48 configured to protrude into the through hole 28 when the lid 40 is closed. Moreover, the lid 40 may comprise a second protrusion 49 configured to protrude into the air hole 29 when the lid 40 is closed. The lid 40 may be connected by a hinge to the first housing part 20.

[0121] FIG. 3B schematically illustrates a bottom view of the first housing part 20. As can been seen in FIG. 3B, the first housing part 20 comprises a separation member holder 21 that may be formed as a rim and/or a cavity in which the separation member 50 is received. In this manner, the separation member 50 is held in and moved with the first housing part 20.

[0122] The separation member 50 may be adhesively adhered to the holder 21, in particular along an outer periphery of said separation member 50. This may prevent excess sample volume (e.g., blood or saliva) from the sample 2 from flowing around the separation member 50 and contaminating the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) in the extraction member 60.

[0123] FIG. 3C schematically illustrates a top view of the second housing part 30. As can been seen in FIG. 3C, the second housing part 30 comprises an extraction member holder 31 that may be formed as a rim and/or a cavity in which the extraction member 60 is received. In this manner, the extraction member 60 is held in and moved with the second housing part 30. As further shown in FIG. 3C, also the flow assay 70 may be received in the second housing part 30. Preferably, the extraction member holder 31 is configured such that the extraction member can be removed therefrom without destroying it (e.g., for washing out the non-cellular components, such as the plasma or serum, in the laboratory).

[0124] FIGS. 3B and 3C further illustrate a mechanism 23 for shifting the device 1 between the first configuration A (as schematically illustrated in FIG. 2A), in which the separation member 50 is contacted with the extraction member 60, and the second configuration B (see, e.g., FIG. 2B), in which the separation member 50 and the extraction member 60 are moved away from each other, such that a contact is avoided. In the embodiment of the device 1 shown in FIGS. 3A to 3D, this is achieved by rotating the first housing part 20 (in which the separation member 50 is being held) with respect to the second housing part 60 (in which the extraction member 60 is being held). In this manner, the separation member 50 is moved from a first position in which it is arranged above and contacted with the extraction member 60 to a second position in which the separation member 50 is not located above and not contacted with the extraction member 60 anymore.

[0125] Such mechanism 23 allowing for the rotation of the first and second housing parts 20, 30 with respect to each other is provided in the embodiment of FIGS. 3A to 3D by a plurality of protrusions 24 located on an inner peripheral surface of the first housing part 20 that engage with a plurality of grooves 34 provided along an outer peripheral surface of the second housing part 30. Each of the grooves 34 comprises at least one segment extending peripherally around the second housing part 30. Each protrusion 34 is thus able to move in the respective groove 34 along this segment, thereby allowing the user to rotate the first housing part 20 with respect to the second housing part 30.

[0126] Since the separation member 50 and/or the extraction member 60 are eccentric with respect to an axis of rotation around which the first and second housing parts 20, 30 are rotated with respect to each other, the mechanism 23 is configured to rotate the separation member 50 and the extraction member 60 away from each other in a horizontal plane.

[0127] As the person skilled in the art will appreciate, an alternative bayonet connection could be used, e.g. with one or more grooves provided on the first housing part 20 and one or more respective projections provided on the second housing part 30. Moreover, the housing parts 20, 30 could also be connected and moved with respect to each other also via alternative mechanisms, such as a threaded connection (not shown).

[0128] Preferably, the mechanism 23 is configured such that a movement of the first and second housing parts 20, 30 from the second configuration B to the first configuration A is restricted, e.g. by a locking mechanism which can only be overcome by rotating the parts 20, 30 with increased force or cannot by overcome without destruction by rotating the parts 20, 30 backwards. This may prevent a user from moving the device back into the first configuration by mistake.

[0129] As further shown in FIG. 3C, the flow assay 70 may provide one or more test lines (which appear when a respective analyte is detected) and at least one control line 73 (which indicates that the flow analysis has been performed), as known in the art. For example, a first test line 71 and a second test line 72 may be provided in addition to the control line 73. In order to analyze various analytes with a single device, the device may also include a first flow assay 70a and a second flow assay 70b, wherein each of these flow assays 70a, 70b is fluidly coupled to the extraction member 60 at least when the device is in the first configuration A and/or in the second configuration B.

[0130] FIG. 3D schematically illustrates a bottom view of the second housing part 30. A window 35 is provided in the bottom or base 33 of said second housing part 30. This window 35 allows the user and/or the patient of the device 1 to see the result of the flow assay 70 without having to disassemble the device (which could lead to a contamination of the separation member 50 and/or of the extraction member 60). The window may be provided, for example, by making the respective portion of the base 33 of the second housing part 30 transparent. Preferably, the window 35 is provided by one or more openings in the base 33, which may be helpful for drying the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum), as discussed hereinbelow.

[0131] As schematically shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the device 1 may include at least one desiccant 80. The desiccant 80 preferably is brought into close proximity to the extraction member 60 and/or the flow assay 70, in particular after the non-cellular components have been extracted (step 130 in FIG. 1) and/or after the flow assay has been performed (step 140 in FIG. 1). In this manner, the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) may be dried in an efficient manner, without having to dry the entire air in the device 1 and/or having to make the housing 10 air-tight.

[0132] One possibility, which is schematically illustrated in FIG. 4A, is to arrange the desiccant 80 below the extraction member 60 and/or below the flow assay 70. This may be achieved, for example, by covering at least part of the window 35 in the base 33 (if provided as one or more openings) with the desiccant 80. The desiccant 80 may be attached to a bottom surface of the base 33 for this purpose, e.g. via an adhesive. This manner of providing the desiccant is particularly simple when the device includes a window 35 in the base 33, e.g. for reading out the result of the flow assay 70, and/or when a fibrous material (e.g. a cellulose-based material) is used as the extraction member 60 and/or the for the flow assay 70. Such arrangement is also particularly advantageous when the separation member 50 and the extraction member 60 are moved away from each other in the vertical direction (see FIG. 2C).

[0133] Another possibility, which is schematically illustrated in FIG. 4B, is to arrange the desiccant 80 above the extraction member. This may be achieved by arranging the desiccant 80 in the first housing part 20 at a position that is located above the extraction member 60 when the device 1 is shifted into the second configuration B (or if desired, when a third configuration that is distinct from the first configuration is reached). In particular, the desiccant 80 may be held in the first housing part 20 for this purpose, e.g. in a cavity and/or by a rim provided in the first housing part 20. Such configuration is believed to be particularly advantageous when the device 1 is shifted from the first configuration A to the second configuration B by rotating the first and second housing part 20, 30 with respect to each other (see the embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 3A to 3D).

[0134] FIGS. 5A to 5F schematically illustrate a device according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. In this embodiment, the device is configured to be shifted between a first configuration and a second configuration by moving the separation member and the extraction member away from each other along an axis A.

[0135] In FIGS. 5A to 5C, a first housing part 20 of the device is shown. As illustrated therein, the first housing part 20 comprises a sample introduction portion 25 with at least one first through hole 28 for introducing the sample. Optionally, a second through hole 29 may be provided, e.g. for evacuating air.

[0136] As best shown in the cross section according to FIG. 5C, the first housing part 20 comprises a holder 21 for receiving the separation member not shown). The holder 21 may form a cavity in which the separation member is received. The first through hole 28 may be open at the separation member and/or to the cavity of the holder 21. When provided, also the second through hole 29 may be open at the separation member and/or to the cavity of the holder 21.

[0137] FIGS. 5D to 5F show a second housing part 30. The second housing part 30 comprises a holder 31 for an extraction member and/or a flow assay (not shown). The flow assay in this case may be, in particular, a vertical flow assay arranged below the extraction member. However, also a lateral flow assay could be employed if desired.

[0138] FIGS. 5C and 5D to 5F further show a mechanism 23 by which the first housing part 20 and the second housing part 30 are connected to each other when the device is assembled. The mechanism is configured for moving the first housing part 20 away from the second housing part 30 along the axis A, which in the exemplary embodiment is the vertical direction.

[0139] As most clearly visible in FIGS. 5C and 5E, such movement may be provided having one or more protrusion 24 on, e.g., the first housing part 20, that engage with one or more grooves 34 on, e.g., the second housing part 30 (or vice versa). The one or more protrusions 24 may be formed, e.g., along an inner peripheral surface of the second housing part 30, whereas the grooves 34 may be formed along an outer peripheral surface of the second housing part 30 (or vice versa).

[0140] In order to provide for a movement of the first housing part 20 with respect to the second housing part 30 along the axis A, the one or more grooves 34 may comprise at least one segment 34a extending in a direction having a directional component along the axis A (e.g., a vertical directional component) as well as a directional component perpendicular to and/or circumferentially around the axis A (e.g., a horizontal directional component). In other words, the portion 34a may extend obliquely to the axis A and/or obliquely to the vertical direction.

[0141] When the first housing part 20 is rotated with respect to the second housing part 30, the one or more protrusions 24 move along the portion 34a of the groove (e.g. from a first position 34b to a second position 34c), thereby moving the first housing part 20 away from the second housing part 30 along the axis A. In the example shown, the first housing part 20 will be moved upwards. Thereby, the separation member in the holder 21 is moved away from the extraction member in the holder 31.

[0142] The first position 34b may define the first configuration of the device whereas the second position 34c may define the second configuration of the device. The device may be configured to provide a tactile and/or audible feedback indicating to the user that the first configuration and/or the second configuration has been obtained. For example, the one or more grooves 34 may be configured to lock in place the respective protrusion 24 at the first position 34b and/or at the second position 34c, thereby providing a tactile and/or audible feedback. As shown in FIG. 5E, this may be achieved by providing a recess 36 at the first position 34b and/or at the second position 34c.

[0143] More generally speaking, the first housing part 20 may be rotatable with respect to the second housing part 30, wherein the rotation causes the first housing part 20 to move relative to the second housing part 30 along the axis A (or vice versa), thereby moving the separation member away from the extraction member.

[0144] As further shown in FIGS. 5D to 5F, the second housing part 30 may comprise a window 35 provided in a bottom or base 33 thereof. As indicated above, this window 35 may allow the user and/or the patient of the device to see the result of the flow assay 70 without having to disassemble the device.

[0145] Such window may be provided, for example, by making the respective portion of the base 33 of the second housing part 30 transparent. Preferably, the window 35 is provided by one or more openings in the base 33. Such one or more openings are preferably provided below the extraction member and/or below the holder 31.

[0146] FIG. 6 illustrates the performance of the device disclosed herein (as shown in FIGS. 5). In FIG. 6A, the amount of plasma gathered in the extraction member within 3-5 minutes in relation to the amount of blood introduced into the device is shown. FIG. 6B shows the amount of white blood cells (WBC) that were isolated and preserved in the separation member during the gathering of plasma. In FIG. 6C, the isolated and preserved WBC have been characterized by subtypes. As shown, the distribution of subtypes corresponded closely with the distribution in whole blood.

[0147] FIG. 7 shows levels of L1PA2 DNA obtained for the device according to the present disclosure (FIGS. 5) when compared to different capillary blood sampling solutions. The analysis was performed immediately after separation, 2 days after separation, and 5 days after separation.

[0148] L1PA2 is used as a marker for genomic DNA (gDNA) contamination in cell-free DNA profiling from serum samples as its expression is significantly bigger in blood cells (cf. Zhao et al., Performance comparison of blood collection tubes as liquid biopsy storage system for minimizing cfDNA contamination from genomic DNA, Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, 33(2), https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.22670). In this regard, FIG. 7 shows the Cp (RT-PCR) values obtained after extraction of DNA from the devices referred to on the X axis. The extraction member of the device disclosed herein was shown to have similarly low values of L1PA2 as the ones obtained after centrifugation of liquid capillary blood using Labonovum sampling tubes (obtained from Labnovum, Limmen, Netherlands). However, when the whole blood was stored in the Labonovum tubes 2 or 5 days at room temperature (22° C.) before centrifugation, gDNA contamination in the serum was observed. When using Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) and VAMS and a Whatman™ 903™ protein saver card, gDNA contamination occurred from the beginning. This is believed to be attributed to the drying and leakage of L1PA2 into serum. This hypothesis seems to be confirmed by a similar contamination observed in its the separation member of the inventive device, which gathers the cellular components of blood.

[0149] FIG. 8 shows a graph illustrating the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in the serum of a COVID-19 seroconverted patient by the device according to the present disclosure (see FIGS. 5). The serum was preserved in the extraction member of the is sampling device for 1 day at +22° C. The luminescence was measured in an ELISA plate covered by 7 different antigens of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. As shown in the graph, the serum from a non-infected patient shows a residual signal, while the serum of the COVID-19 infected patient shows a very strong reaction to 5 different antigens.

[0150] As also indicated above, using such one or more openings, may be advantageous (regardless of whether a flow assay is provided or not) for drying the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) gathered in the extraction member. In particular, a desiccant could be applied to the device by covering the one or more openings and/or by inserting the desiccant into said one or more openings. This is schematically illustrated in FIG. 5E where the second housing part 20 is shown standing on and/or adhered to a desiccant 80 such that the opening in the base 33 is covered. A desiccant sheet is shown in this context. However, the desiccant could also be provided in another manner (e.g., as a pellet inserted into the opening or as a granulate on which the device stands, e.g. when inserted into a corresponding transport box). While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such illustration and description are to be considered illustrative or exemplary and non-restrictive; the invention is thus not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art and practicing the claimed invention, from a study of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims. In particular, features described in the context of particular embodiments could be omitted. Moreover, features disclosed for different embodiments could be combined in a single embodiment. In the claims, the word “comprising” does not exclude other elements or steps, and the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude a plurality and may mean “at least one”.

[0151] The invention relates, in particular, to the following aspects:

[0152] 1. A device (1) for separation and/or preservation of non-cellular components from a biofluid sample (2) (e.g., for separation of plasma or serum from a blood sample or for separation of non-cellular components from a saliva sample) at a point-of-care, wherein said device (1) comprises: [0153] a housing (10); [0154] at least one separation member (50) configured to separate the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) from the sample (2) and to retain cellular components; and [0155] at least one extraction member (60) configured to extract the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) from the separation member (50); [0156] wherein the device preferably comprises at least one flow assay (70).

[0157] 2. The device according to aspect 1, wherein the device (1) is configured to be shifted from a first configuration (A) to a second configuration (B).

[0158] 3. The device according to aspect 2, wherein, in the first configuration (A), the device (1) is configured for receiving the sample (2), in particular the blood or saliva sample, and/or extracting the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) from the separation member (50) by the extraction member (60).

[0159] 4. The device according to any of the two preceding aspects, wherein the separation member (50) and the extraction member (60) are fluidly coupled to each other in the first configuration (A).

[0160] 5. The device according to any of the three preceding aspects, wherein, in the second configuration (B), the device (1) is configured for receiving a preservative preferably a liquid preservative, and avoiding said preservative from reaching the extraction member (60) and/or the flow assay (70).

[0161] 6. The device according to any of the four preceding aspects, wherein the separation member (50) and the extraction member (60) are fluidly uncoupled from each other in the second configuration (B).

[0162] 7. The device according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the separation member (50) comprises a separation member upper surface (51) onto which the sample (2), in particular the blood or saliva sample, is applied.

[0163] 8. The device according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the separation member (50) comprises a separation member lower surface (52) which is in contact with the extraction member (60) when the device (1) is provided in the first configuration (A).

[0164] 9. The device according to the preceding aspect, wherein the separation member lower surface (52) is in contact with an extraction member upper surface (61) when the device (1) is provided in the first configuration (A).

[0165] 10. The device according to any of the two preceding aspects, wherein the separation member lower surface (52) is moved away from and/or not in contact with the extraction member (60) when the device (1) is provided in the second configuration (B).

[0166] 11. The device according to any of the three preceding aspects, wherein the separation member lower surface (52) is moved away from and/or not in contact with the extraction member upper surface (61) when the device (1) is provided in the second configuration (B).

[0167] 12. The device according to any of aspects 2 to 11, wherein the device (1) comprises a mechanism (23) for shifting the device (1) between the first configuration (A) and the second configuration (B).

[0168] 13. The device according to the preceding aspect, wherein the mechanism (23) is configured to rotate and/or translate the separation member (50) and the extraction member (60) away from each other when the device (1) is shifted from the first configuration (A) to the second configuration (B).

[0169] 14. The device according to the preceding aspect, wherein the mechanism (23) is configured to rotate the separation member (50) and the extraction member (60) away from each other in a horizontal plane.

[0170] 15. The device according to any of the two preceding aspects, wherein a first housing part (20) rotates with respect to a second housing part (30) around an axis of rotation and wherein the separation member (50) and/or the extraction member (60) are eccentric with respect to said axis of rotation.

[0171] 16. The device according to any of the three preceding aspects, wherein the mechanism (23) is configured to translate the separation member (50) and the extraction member (60) away from each other in the vertical direction when the device (1) is shifted from the first configuration (A) to the second configuration (B).

[0172] 17. The device according to any of the five preceding aspects, wherein the mechanism (23) is configured as a bayonet mount and/or wherein the mechanism (23) hinders the device (1) from being shifted back to the first configuration (A) once the second configuration (B) is reached.

[0173] 18. The device (1) according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the housing (10) comprises a first housing part (20) and a second housing part (30).

[0174] 19. The device (1) according to the preceding aspect, wherein the first housing part (20) and the second housing part (30) are movably connected to each via the mechanism (23) for shifting the device (1).

[0175] 20. The device (1) according to any of the two preceding aspects, wherein the device (1) is moved between the first configuration (A) and the second configuration (B) by rotating and/or translating the first housing part (20) and the second housing part (30) with respect to each other.

[0176] 21. The device (1) according to any of the three preceding aspects, wherein the a first one of the first housing part (20) and the second housing part (30) comprises at least one protrusion (24), wherein the at least one protrusion (24) engages with at least one groove (34) provided on a second one of the first housing part (20) and the second housing part (30), wherein the protrusion (24) moves along the groove (34) when the device (1) is shifted from the first configuration (A) to the second configuration (B).

[0177] 22. The device (1) according to the preceding aspect, wherein the groove has an L or J shape.

[0178] 23. The device (1) according to any of the two preceding aspects, wherein the first one of the first housing part (20) and the second housing part (30) comprises a plurality of protrusions (24) that engage with a plurality of grooves (34) provided on the second one of the first housing part (20) and the second housing part (30), wherein the protrusions (24) move along a respective one of the grooves (34) when the device (1) is shifted from the first configuration (A) to the second configuration (B).

[0179] 24. The device (1) according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the first housing part (20) comprises a sample introduction portion (25) through which the sample (2), in particular the blood or saliva sample, is applied onto the separation member (50).

[0180] 25. The device (1) according to the preceding aspect, wherein the sample introduction portion (25) comprises a through hole (28).

[0181] 26. The device (1) according to the preceding aspect, wherein the sample (2), in particular the blood or saliva sample, can be applied through the through hole (28) onto the separation member (50) when the device (1) is in the first configuration (A).

[0182] 27. The device (1) according to any of the two preceding aspects, wherein the through hole (28) is disposed above the separation member (50) when the device (1) is in the first configuration (A).

[0183] 28. The device (1) according to any of the four preceding aspects, wherein a preservative (4) can be applied through the sample introduction portion (25), preferably through the through hole (28), onto the separation member (50) when the device (1) is in the second configuration (B).

[0184] 29. The device (1) according to the preceding aspect, wherein the through hole (28) is disposed above the separation member (50) when the device (1) is in the first configuration (B).

[0185] 30. The device (1) according to any of the six preceding aspects, wherein the sample introduction portion (25) comprises an air hole (29).

[0186] 31. The device (1) according to any of aspects 18 to 30, wherein the separation member (50) is fixed and/or held in the first housing part (20).

[0187] 32. The device (1) according to the preceding aspect, wherein the first housing part (20) comprises a separation member holder (21),

[0188] 33. The device according to any of aspects 18 to 30, wherein the extraction member (60) and/or the flow assay (70) is fixed and/or held in the second housing part (30).

[0189] 34. The device (1) according to the preceding aspect, wherein the second housing part (30) comprises an extraction member holder (31) for fixating the position of the extraction member (60).

[0190] 35. The device (1) according to any of aspects 18 to 34, [0191] wherein the first housing part (20) and/or the second housing part (30) is transparent; and/or [0192] wherein the first housing part (20) and/or the second housing part (30) comprises at least one window (35), preferably a window (35) through which the flow assay (70) is visible.

[0193] 36. The device (1) according to the preceding aspect, wherein the at least one window (35) is formed in a bottom of the second housing part (30).

[0194] 37. The device (1) according to any of the two preceding aspects, wherein the at least one window (35) is formed as a cut-out, a mesh, or from a transparent material.

[0195] 38. The device (1) according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the device (1) further comprises a desiccant (e.g., a desiccant pellet or a desiccant sheet).

[0196] 39. The device (1) according to the preceding aspect, wherein the desiccant is configured to be inserted into the window (35) and/or to cover the window (35), preferably wherein the desiccant is configured to be attached (e.g., glued) to the bottom of the second housing part (30).

[0197] 40. The device (1) according to any of the two preceding aspects, wherein the desiccant is configured to dry the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) in the extraction member, preferably wherein the desiccant is configured to dry the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) in the extraction member through the flow assay.

[0198] 41. The device (1) according to any of aspects 18 to 40, wherein the housing (10) comprises a lid (40).

[0199] 42. The device (1) according to the preceding aspect, wherein the lid (40) comprises a first protrusion (48) configured to extend into the through hole (28) and/or a second protrusion (49) configured to extend into the air evacuation hole (29), preferably wherein the first and/or the second protrusion extends from a surface of the lid (40) facing towards the first housing part (20).

[0200] 43. The device (1) according to any of aspects 18 to 43, wherein the first housing part (20) and/or the second housing part (30) is a polymeric component, preferably wherein the first housing part (20) and/or the second housing part (30) is injection molded.

[0201] 44. The device (1) according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the separation member (50) is a filter.

[0202] 45. The device (1) according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the separation member (50) is configured to separate the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) from the sample (2), in particular the blood or saliva sample, in less than 15 minutes, less than 10 minutes, or less than 5 minutes.

[0203] 46. The device (1) according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the separation member (50) is configured to separate the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) from the sample (2), in particular the blood or saliva sample, by gravity and/or capillary action.

[0204] 47. The device (1) according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the separation member (50) is configured to separate the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) from the sample (2), in particular the blood or saliva sample, without application of pressure and/or suction and/or a centrifugal force.

[0205] 48. The device (1) according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the extraction member (60) is configured to extract non-cellular components (e.g. plasma or serum) from the separation member (60) through capillary action.

[0206] 49. The device (1) according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the extraction member (60) comprises fibrous material (e.g., a cellulose-based material) and/or a non-fibrous micro-structured material.

[0207] 50. The device (1) according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the extraction member (60) comprises nitrocellulose.

[0208] 51. The device (1) according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the extraction member (60) is fluidly coupled to and/or forms a sample receiving section of the flow assay (70), preferably wherein the extraction member (60) and the flow assay (70) are formed as a unitary structure.

[0209] 52. The device (1) according to any o he preceding aspects, wherein the flow assay (70) is a lateral or vertical flow assay.

[0210] 53. The device (1) according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the flow assay (70) is an immunoassay.

[0211] 54. The device (1) according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the flow assay (70) is configured to identify an infection by a virus, a bacteria, a parasite, or a fungus.

[0212] 55. The device (1) according to the preceding aspect, wherein the virus is a coronavirus or an influenza virus.

[0213] 56. The device (1) according to any of the two preceding aspects, wherein the virus is Sars-CoV-1, Sars-CoV-2 or MERS.

[0214] 57. The device (1) according to any of the three preceding aspects, wherein the flow assay (70) comprises a flow assay (70a) for identifying peptides of the virus.

[0215] 58. The device (1) of the preceding aspect, wherein the flow assay (70a) identifies the peptides by one or more of nanobodies, and/or antibodies and/or aptamers and/or glycans.

[0216] 59. The device according to any of the five preceding aspects, wherein the flow assay (70) comprises a flow (70b) assay for identifying a serological response against the virus, in particular for identifying IgA and/or IgM and/or IgG antibodies against the virus.

[0217] 60. The device (1) according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the flow assay (70) provides at least one visual response.

[0218] 61. The device (1) of the preceding aspect, wherein the flow assay (70) provides at least one test line (71, 72) and at least one control line (73).

[0219] 62. The device (1) of the preceding aspect, wherein at least one flow assay (70a, 70b) provides a first test line (71), a second test line (72) and a control line (73), preferably wherein at least one flow assay (70a, 70b) provides a first test line (71), a second test line (72), a third test line, and a control line (73).

[0220] 63. The device (1) according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the flow assay (70) comprises a cellulose-based material.

[0221] 64. The device (1) according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the flow assay (70) comprises nitrocellulose.

[0222] 65. The device (1) according to any of he preceding aspects, wherein the device (1) comprises conjugates of an antibody, nanobody, aptamer, glycan or antigen with a detection label, preferably wherein the detection label is colored material (e.g., Au) or bioluminescent.

[0223] 66. The device (1) according to the preceding aspect, wherein the conjugates are provided on a conjugated pad, wherein the conjugated pad preferably is a cellulose material provided below the extraction member.

[0224] 67. A kit comprising the device (1) according to any of aspects 1 to 66 and a preservative (4) for preservation of molecular components (e.g. RNA, DNA, proteins and/or metabolites) contained in the separation member (50).

[0225] 68. The kit according to the preceding aspect, wherein the preservative (4) is a liquid.

[0226] 69. The kit according to any of the two preceding aspects, wherein the preservative (4) comprises phenol and/or guanidine.

[0227] 70. The kit according to the preceding aspect, wherein the preservative (4) comprises TRIzol and/or detergents (e.g. SDS).

[0228] 71. The kit according to any of the two preceding aspects, wherein the kit further to comprises a detergent (6) and/or a buffer (8), wherein the detergent (6) and/or the buffer (8) are liquid.

[0229] 72. A method (100) for identifying a disease, the method (100) comprising: [0230] (a) a step (110) of providing a device for separation and/or preservation of non-cellular components from a biofluid sample (2) (e.g., for separation of plasma or serum from a blood sample, or for separation of non-cellular components from a saliva sample) at a point-of-care, wherein said device (1) comprises a housing (10), at least one separation member (50) configured to separate the non-cellular components (e.g., plasma or serum) from the sample (2) and to retain cellular components, and at least one extraction member (60) configured to extract the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) from the separation member (50); [0231] (b) a sample application step (120) of applying the sample (2), preferably the blood or saliva sample, to the separation member (50) at the point-of-care; [0232] (c) a separating step (130) of separating, by the separation member (50), the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) from the cellular components, wherein the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) are extracted from the separation member (50) by the extraction member (60); [0233] (d) an analyzing step (170) of analyzing the separated cellular components and/or the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum).

[0234] 73. The method (100) according to aspect 72, wherein the disease is an infection, in particular wherein the infection is a viral infection, a bacterial infection or an infection with a parasite, or wherein the disease is a genetic mutation, in particular a genetic mutation influencing the production of one or more proteins.

[0235] 74. The method (100) according to the preceding aspect, wherein the infection is Sars-CoV-2.

[0236] 75. The method (100) according to aspect 72, 73 or 74, wherein the sample (2), in particular the blood or saliva sample, has a volume of less than 150 microliters, less than 100 microliters, or less than 80 microliters.

[0237] 76. The method (100) according to any of aspects 72 to 75, wherein the separating step (130) is performed at the point-of-care.

[0238] 77. The method (100) according to any of aspects 72 to 76, wherein the separating, step is performed in less than 30 minutes, preferably in less than 20 min, more preferably in less than 15 min.

[0239] 78. The method (100) according to any of aspects 72 to 77, wherein the analyzing step (170) comprises a step of analyzing, the cellular components and/or the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) by genomic technologies (e.g. polymerase chain reaction, PCR) in order to identify viral DNA and/or RNA.

[0240] 79. The method (100) according to the preceding aspect, wherein blood cells (e.g. lymphocytes) retained in the separation member (50) are analyzed by genomic technologies (e.g. PCR), in particular in order to identify viral DNA or RNA in these blood cells (e.g. in the lymphocytes).

[0241] 80. The method (100) according to any of the two preceding aspects, wherein the PCR is Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR).

[0242] 81. The method (100) according to aspect 77 or 79, wherein the PCR is Droplet Digital PCR (dd-PCR).

[0243] 82. The method (100) according to any of aspects 72 to 81, wherein the analyzing step (170) comprises a step of analyzing the cellular components and/or the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) by a proteomics-based method.

[0244] 83. The method (100) according to any of aspects 72 to 82, wherein the analyzing step (170) comprises a step of analyzing the cellular components and/or the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) by mass spectrometry, in particular the detection of viral peptides by mass spectrometry.

[0245] 84. The method (100) according to the preceding aspect, wherein the analyzing step (170) comprises analyzing the cellular components and/or the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, in particular the detection of viral peptides by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry.

[0246] 85. The method (100) according to any of aspects 72 to 84, wherein the analyzing step (170) comprises detecting a cytokine storm by immunofluorescence methods (e.g Luminex technology).

[0247] 86. The method (100) according to any of aspects 72 to 85, wherein the analyzing step (170) comprises separately analyzing (i) the cellular components, preferably via a first technique (e.g., PCR), and (ii) the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum), preferably by a second technique that is different from said first technique (e.g., mass spectrometry or a different type of PCR).

[0248] 87. The method (100) according to any of aspects 72 to 86, wherein the method (100) further comprises a flow assay step (140) of applying at least a portion of the sample (2), in particular at least a portion of the blood or saliva sample, to a flow assay (70), preferably to a flow assay (70) of the device (1).

[0249] 88. The method (100) according to the preceding aspect, wherein the portion of the sample (2), in particular the portion of the blood or saliva sample, is at least a portion of the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) extracted by the extraction member (60).

[0250] 89. The method (100) according to any of the two preceding aspects, wherein the flow assay step (140) comprises applying a buffer (6) and/or a detergent (8) to the separation member (50) and/or to the extraction member (60) and/or to the flow assay (70).

[0251] 90. The method (100) according to any of the three preceding aspects, wherein the flow assay step (140) is at least partially performed (or fully performed) while the non-cellular components (e.g., the plasma or serum) are being separated in the separation step.

[0252] 91. The method (100) according to any of aspects 72 to 90, wherein the method (100) further comprises a step (150) of adding a preservative (4) for conserving DNA and/or RNA to the separation member (50).

[0253] 92. The method (100) according to the preceding aspect, wherein the preservative (4) is added after step (c) and before step (d).

[0254] 93. The method (100) according to any of the two the preceding aspects, wherein the preservative (4) is a liquid preservative.

[0255] 94. The method (100) according to the preceding aspect, wherein the preservative (4) is added drop-wise.

[0256] 95. The method (100) according to any of aspects 72 to 94, wherein the method (100) comprises a further step (160), after step (c) and before step (d) of transferring the device (1) and/or the separation member (50) and/or the extraction member (60) to a laboratory.

[0257] 96. The method (100) according to the preceding aspect, wherein the device (1) and/or the separation member (50) and/or the extraction member (60) are transferred to the laboratory after adding the preservative (4).

[0258] 97. The device (1) according to any of aspects 1 to 66 or the method according to any one of aspects 72 to 96, wherein the sample (2), in particular the blood or saliva sample, has a volume of 300 μl or less, 150 μl or less, 100 μl or less, or 80 μl or less.

[0259] 98. The device (1) according to any of aspects 1 to 66 or 97, or the method according to any one of aspects 72 to 96 or 97, wherein the sample (2), in particular the blood or saliva sample, is applied as drops, preferably less than 10 drops, more preferably less than 5 drops.

[0260] 99. The device (1) according to any of aspects 1 to 66 or 97 or 98, or the method according to any one of aspects 72 to 96 or 97 or 98, wherein the sample (2) is whole blood, urine or feces (in particular, buffered feces).

[0261] 100. The device (1) according to any of aspects 1 to 66 or 97, 98 or 99, or the method according to any one of aspects 72 to 96 or 97, 98 or 99, wherein the sample (2) is capillary blood.

[0262] 101. The device (1) according to any of aspects 1 to 66 or 97 to 100, or the method according to any one of aspects 72 to 96 or 97 to 100, wherein a volume of separated non-cellular components (e.g., a volume of plasma or serum) is 100 μL or less, preferably 50 μL or less.

[0263] 102. The method according to any one of aspects 72 to 96 or 97 to 101, wherein the device (1) is a device according to any of aspects 1 to 63.

[0264] 103. The method according to any one of aspects 72 to 96 or 97 to 102, wherein the device (1) is provided in a kit according to any of aspects 67 to 71.