FIBRE MOULDING PLANT FOR PRODUCING MOULDED PARTS FROM ENVIRONMENTALLY DEGRADABLE FIBRE MATERIAL

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a molding station (20) for molding (210), a preforming station (30) for preforming (220), a hot-pressing station (40) for final shaping (230) a formed part (10) made of environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material (11) in a fiber-forming process in a fiber-forming system (100). The fiber-forming system (100) produces the formed part (10) having the above components (20, 30, 40) by means of the method (200) performed in the fiber-forming system (100) as a fiber-forming process.

Claims

1-21. (canceled)

22. An apparatus for preforming a formed part, comprising: a horizontal reservoir having an open top, the horizontal reservoir containing a pulp, wherein the pulp is a liquid solution comprising an environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material for molding the formed part by utilizing a suction tool included in a molding station of the apparatus; and a prepressing station configured to preform the formed part by applying a prepressing pressure to reduce a proportion of the liquid solution in the formed part and to stabilize the shape of the formed part, wherein the prepressing station is a multi-tool station comprising multiple prepressing lower tools adapted to the suction tool that molds the formed part, wherein the suction tool is pressed onto a stationary prepressing lower tool, and wherein the prepressing station is arranged separately from a downstream hot-pressing station.

23. The apparatus of claim 22, further comprising a pulp preparation and replenishment unit configured to replenish the pulp in the horizontal reservoir.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the pulp preparation and replenishment unit fills the horizontal reservoir at least periodically as a function of consumption of pulp by molding the formed part.

25. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the prepressing station is arranged and configured in relation to the horizontal reservoir such that the liquid solution removed from the formed part by the prepressing station is fed back into the horizontal reservoir.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the prepressing station is arranged in a vertical orientation above the horizontal reservoir such that the liquid solution removed from the formed part by the prepressing station flows back into the reservoir from the prepressing station directly into the horizontal reservoir.

27. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the prepressing station includes a prepressing lower tool, the prepressing lower tool having a shape adapted to the formed part remaining in the suction tool, wherein the shape of the prepressing lower tool allows said formed part to be placed onto the prepressing lower tool in an arrangement between the prepressing lower tool and the suction tool where the suction tool can be pressed onto the prepressing lower tool with the prepressing pressure.

28. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the prepressing station includes a prepressing lower tool, wherein the prepressing station is configured to perform prepressing as membrane pressing, and wherein the prepressing lower tool is a flexible membrane and the prepressing pressure is applied to the membrane as gas pressure that presses onto an outer contour of the formed part.

29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the prepressing lower tool has a pressing surface facing the formed part, wherein the pressing surface has a lower surface roughness than a screen of the suction tool.

30. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the prepressing lower tool is made at least partially of an elastomer.

31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the prepressing lower tool has a cavity that is surrounded by a wall made of the elastomer as the pressing surface, wherein the prepressing station is configured to apply a gas pressure to the cavity during prepressing in order to at least support the prepressing pressure.

32. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the prepressing lower tools are arranged on a common carrier plate, the common carrier plate being configured as an interface to the prepressing station for reversible attachment to the prepressing station and/or for supplying the individual prepressing lower tools with gas pressure.

33. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the carrier plate includes a heating element that extends over a surface of the carrier plate for heating the prepressing lower tools.

34. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the molding station is connected to a pre-molding station via suitable lines such that the liquid solution and/or fiber material that has passed through a suction head of the suction tool is reintroduced into the pulp via the pre-molding station.

35. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the suction tool configured to suck in the pulp from the horizontal reservoir and form the formed part during application of a vacuum in the suction tool.

36. The apparatus of claim 22, further comprising the hot-pressing station downstream of the prepressing station, wherein the hot-pressing station is configured to exert a hot-pressing pressure on the preformed part when the preformed part is positioned between a lower tool and an upper tool of the hot-pressing station.

37. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the hot-pressing station includes: a hot-pressing lower tool adapted to a contour of the formed part for receiving the formed part; and a hot-pressing upper tool, correspondingly adapted to the formed part, for placing onto or inserting into the formed part along a closing direction of the hot-pressing station, wherein the hot-pressing lower tool and/or the hot-pressing upper tool are provided for exerting the hot-pressing pressure on the formed part when the preformed part is positioned between a lower tool and an upper tool of the hot-pressing station, wherein both the hot-pressing lower tool and the hot-pressing upper tool are multi-tools in a plurality of hot-pressing lower tools and hot-pressing upper tools arranged on respective carrier plates for the respective hot-pressing lower tools and hot-pressing upper tools.

38. A method for forming a formed part, comprising: receiving, at a prepressing station, a formed part positioned in a suction tool of a molding station, wherein the formed part is formed from a pulp located in a horizontal reservoir with an open top, the pulp being a liquid solution comprising an environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material for molding the formed part; and preforming the formed part by applying a prepressing pressure to the formed part with the formed part positioned in the suction tool, the prepressing pressure reducing a proportion of the liquid solution in the formed part and stabilizing the shape of the formed part, wherein the prepressing station is a multi-tool station comprising multiple prepressing lower tools adapted to the suction tool, wherein the suction tool is pressed onto a stationary prepressing lower tool, and wherein the prepressing station is arranged separately from a downstream hot-pressing station.

39. The method of claim 38, further comprising filling the reservoir at least periodically as a function of consumption of the pulp by forming the formed part, wherein the filling maintains a predetermined fill level of the reservoir for forming the formed part.

40. The method of claim 38, further comprising providing liquid solution removed from the formed part during application of the prepressing pressure back into the reservoir.

41. The method of claim 38, further comprising hot-pressing the formed part after preforming, wherein the hot-pressing includes: moving the preformed part to a hot-pressing station; exerting a hot-pressing pressure on the preformed part when the preformed part is positioned between a lower tool and an upper tool of the hot-pressing station, wherein a shape of the lower tool is adapted to a contour of the preformed part, the shape of the lower tool allowing the lower tool to receive the preformed part, and wherein a shape of the upper tool is adapted to the contour of the preformed part, the shape of the upper tool allowing the upper tool to be placed onto or inserted into the preformed part along a closing direction of the hot-pressing station.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0087] In addition, further features, effects and advantages of the present disclosure are explained with reference to the attached drawing and the following description. Components which at least essentially correspond in terms of their function in the individual figures are identified by the same reference signs, with the components not having to be numbered and explained in all figures.

[0088] In the figures:

[0089] FIG. 1: shows an embodiment of the suction head with a negative and positive form (a) before molding and (b) after molding the formed part;

[0090] FIG. 2: shows an embodiment of the pulp reservoir with pulp;

[0091] FIG. 3: shows an embodiment of the suction head according to some embodiments as a lateral section;

[0092] FIG. 4: shows an embodiment of the suction tool according to some embodiments in lateral section;

[0093] FIG. 5: shows a further embodiment of the suction tool according to some embodiments with modules (a) in plan view of the suction side and (b) in lateral section along the cutting plane A-B;

[0094] FIG. 6: shows an embodiment of the molding and preforming stations according to some embodiments;

[0095] FIG. 7: shows an embodiment of the prepressing lower tool according to some embodiments as a multi-tool (a) in perspective view of the multi-tool and (b) in lateral section of a single prepressing lower tool in the multi-tool;

[0096] FIG. 8: shows a further embodiment of the hot-pressing station according to some embodiments (a) in side view and (b) in perspective view;

[0097] FIG. 9: shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the hot-pressing lower tool and hot-pressing upper tool of the hot-pressing station from FIG. 8 during hot-pressing;

[0098] FIG. 10: shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the hot-pressing lower tool and hot-pressing upper tool of the hot-pressing station from FIG. 8 during hot-pressing;

[0099] FIG. 11: shows an embodiment of the fiber-forming system according to some embodiments; and

[0100] FIG. 12: shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the method according to some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0101] FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the suction head with negative and positive form (a) before molding and (b) after molding the formed part in a molding station 20 of a fiber-forming system 100 for molding 210 a formed part 10 from environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11. The molding station is described globally in FIG. 6, while only the suction tool 2 for sucking in, from a reservoir 6 with a pulp 1 as a liquid solution with the environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11, the environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11 for molding 210 the formed part 10 is discussed, wherein the suction tool 2 comprises a suction head 21 with a three-dimensionally shaped suction head suction side 21s, the shape of which is adapted to a contour 10i, 10a of the later formed part 10, and the formed part 10 is molded on the suction head suction side 21s by means of a vacuum in the suction tool 2. The suction head suction side 21s of the suction head 21 is formed from a porous screen 22, on whose pulp side 22p facing the pulp 1 the environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber 11 adheres due to the suction for molding 130 the formed part 10 (see formed part 10 in FIG. 2c). For this purpose, the suction tool 2 comprises a plurality of suction channels 23, which terminate on the suction-side surface 23s below the screen 22 and is distributed over the suction-side surface 23s in such a way that essentially the same suction power is made possible in all areas between the screen 22 and the suction-side surface 23s. For this purpose, the suction channels 23 can have openings in the suction-side surface 23s with diameters of less than 4 mm. The cross-sectional area of the suction channels 23 can have any suitable shape, for example, the cross-sectional area can be circular or oval. For this purpose, the suction channels 23 also have an uneven distribution on the suction-side surface 23s, wherein in the area of negative edges in the formed part 10 by 40%-60% fewer and/or in the area of positive edges 10%-30% more suction channels 23 per unit area are arranged than with plane surfaces. The suction head for molding the formed part only needs to be slightly immersed in the pulp 1, so that a closed cavity is formed in the interior 21i of the suction head. In other embodiments, the suction head 21 could also be completely immersed in the pulp 1. The liquid solution of the pulp 1 passing through the screen 22 during the molding 130 is discharged from the suction tool 2. For this purpose, the suction head 21 comprises on its end face 21p facing the pulp 1 a collecting ring 24 for receiving the liquid solution of the pulp 1 sucked through the suction head suction side 21s, which collecting ring is connected to a discharge channel 25 for the liquid solution. The suction head suction side 21s of the suction head 21 can be designed either as a negative form (left part of FIG. 1) as the suction head inside 21i or as a positive form (right part of FIG. 1) as the suction head outside 21a. In the case of a negative form, the formed part 10 (gray inner layer in the suction head 21, FIG. 1b left) which is formed toward the inside 21i of the suction head by means of the suction pressure SD is placed on the prepressing lower tool 31 with a pressing surface 31a as the outer surface of the prepressing lower tool 31 for prepressing. With a positive form, the suction head 21 is completely immersed in the pulp 1 for contacting 120 to suck up the pulp 1 with the fiber material 11. Thereafter, the formed part 10 (gray outer layer on the suction head 21, FIG. 1b right) which is formed on the outside of the suction head 21a due to the suction pressure SD is inserted for prepressing into the prepressing lower tool 31, which has a shape adapted to the positive form of the suction head 21 with a pressing surface 31 as an inner surface of the prepressing lower tool 31. The suction head 21 further comprises a gas line system 27, which supplies the vacuum provided to the suction head 21 as suction pressure SD.

[0102] FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the pulp reservoir 6 with pulp, where the environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11 is indicated as “waves”. The pulp 1 can contain less than 5%, preferably less than 2%, particularly preferably between 0.5% and 1.0% of environmentally-friendly, degradable fiber material 11 in a liquid solution, for example, an aqueous solution. Advantageously, the pulp 1 does not include any organic binder, preferably no binder at all. The environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11 can essentially consist of fibers with a fiber length of less than 5 mm. The pulp 1 is provided at a temperature of less than or equal to 80° C., preferably less than or equal to 50° C., particularly preferably at room temperature.

[0103] FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the suction head 21 according to some embodiments as a lateral section, the screen 22 having a wavy structure with wave crests 22w and wave troughs 22t along the suction-side surface 23s. The screen 22 rests with the wave crests 22w of its side 22s facing the suction-side surface 23s during suction and is thus mechanically supported in its shape by the suction-side surface 23 so that the screen 22 does not change geometrically during the molding process and therefore ensures a shape accuracy for the formed part that is subsequently formed. The screen 22 is fastened in the suction head 21 (indicated on the lower side) with a reversible fastening means 28, designed here as clamping means, to the suction head 21. Additionally or alternatively, the screen 22 could also be fastened in at least some of the suction channels 23. Furthermore, the fiber 11 is an example of the molded fiber material 11, indicating how the fiber material 11 molds on the screen 22, so that the formed part is molded as a whole as a result of the suction of the pulp.

[0104] FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the suction tool 2 according to some embodiments in a lateral section. In this case, the suction tool 2 is a multi-tool with a plurality of suction heads 21. These suction heads are arranged on the suction side in a two-dimensional arrangement with four rows of 5 suction heads each. In other embodiments, multi-tools 2 can also have different numbers of rows and columns of suction heads 21. The suction tool 2 here comprises a base plate 26 with suction heads 21 mounted thereon and a gas line system 27 in the base plate 26. The base plate 26 is not to be understood here as a thin plate, but refers to the rear structure of the suction tool 2, which serves to connect the movement unit 4 and the suction heads 21. The gas line system 27 distributes the vacuum provided by a vacuum pump 5 as suction pressure SD to the suction heads 21 for sucking in the fiber material 11. The gas line system 27 here also comprises a compressed gas line 27d for applying compressed air to the suction heads 21 in order, for example, to release or eject the molded or preformed formed parts 11 from the suction heads 21. The gas line system 27 for the vacuum (suction pressure) for molding the formed parts 11 comprises one or more main gas lines 27h and secondary gas lines 27n, wherein the main gas lines 27h are provided for generating a pre-vacuum and the secondary gas lines 27n are provided as a supplement to the main gas lines 27h for achieving the suction pressure SD after contacting the suction tool 21 with the pulp 1. The main gas lines preferably have a large cross section, while the secondary gas lines have a smaller cross section. One or more valves 27v (here two valves 27v in the main gas line 27h) are arranged in the gas line system 27 to switch off the suction pressure SD at the suction heads 21 as soon as the suction tool has left the pulp 1 and/or to at least switch the secondary gas lines to the main lines as soon as the suction tool 2 is immersed in the pulp 1. The multi-tool 2 is connected to the robotic arm 4a via the interface 4s, comprising all media supply connections for the suction tool 2 with the movement unit 4. Movement unit 4 and suction tool 2 are configured to eject the formed parts 10 from the suction heads 21 of the suction tool 2 by means of compressed air provided by the compressed gas line 27d and distributed to the individual suction heads 21 via the base plate 26.

[0105] FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the suction tool 2 according to some embodiments with modules 29 (a) in a plan view of the suction side and (b) in a lateral section along the cutting plane A-B. The individual shapes of the suction heads 21 in the suction tool 2 as a multi-tool can differ at least in part, with the same shapes of the suction heads 21 being arranged adjacently in the suction tool 2 in respective separate modules 29. For example, in a first module 29 there are four suction heads for the production of larger cups, in a second module 29 six suction heads for the production of smaller cups, in a third module 29 two suction heads for the production of smaller bowls and in a fourth module 29 one suction head for the production of a larger bowl.

[0106] FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of the molding and preforming stations 20, 30 according to some embodiments, with the molding station 20 being part of the preforming station 30 here. The molding station 20 comprises the suction tool 2 (designed here as a multi-tool) for sucking in the environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11 for molding 210 the formed part 10 out of a reservoir 6 with a pulp 1 as a liquid solution with the environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11 (further details on the suction head see FIGS. 1-5) and a movement unit 4, on which the suction tool 2 is mounted, and which is provided at least for placing or for partially immersing the suction tool 2 on or in the pulp 1. The preforming station 30 comprises the reservoir 6 with the pulp 1 as a liquid solution with the environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11 for molding the formed part 10 in the suction tool 2, arranged as a horizontal reservoir 6 that is open at the top, and a prepressing station 3 (designed here as a multi-tool) for preforming 220 of the formed part 10 already molded by means of the molding station 20 with a prepressing pressure VD for reducing a proportion of the liquid solution in the formed part 10 and for stabilizing the shape of the formed part 10. Furthermore, the preforming station 30 comprises a pulp preparation and replenishment unit 35 for replenishing the pulp 1 for the reservoir 6. For example, in the preparation and replenishment unit 35, the pulp is premixed from a solvent and a fiber material 11, finally mixed to form the production pulp 1, fed into the reservoir and/or reused from returns from the suction tool 2 and/or the prepress station 3, wherein, in this case, the proportion of the fiber material 11 has to be reset to the desired proportion so that the production pump does not thin out the fiber material 11 during the ongoing process. For this purpose, the pulp preparation and replenishment unit 35 comprises one or more containers (two shown here) for solvent and mixed pulp as well as a depot for the fiber material 11. The pulp preparation and replenishment unit 35 fills the reservoir 6 at least periodically, preferably continuously, as a function of the consumption of pulp by the molding of the formed part 10, in order to achieve a required fill level of the reservoir 6 and the desired proportion of fiber material 11 in the pulp 1 for molding. The prepressing station 3 can be arranged relative to the reservoir 6 and configured in such a way that the liquid solution removed from the formed part by the prepressing is fed back into the reservoir 6. For this purpose, the prepressing station 3 can be arranged in a vertical alignment above the reservoir 6 so that the liquid solution removed from the formed part by the prepressing flows back into the reservoir 6 from the prepressing station 3 directly into reservoir 6. In addition, the molding station 20 can be connected to the preforming station 30 via suitable lines (not shown here) in such a way that the liquid solution and/or fiber material 11 that has passed through the suction head 21 via the preforming station 30 is fed back into the pulp 1 by means of the pulp preparation and replenishment unit 35. The movement unit 4 here comprises a robotic arm 4a that can move freely in space and on which the suction tool 2 is mounted. The robotic arm 4a is connected to the suction tool 2 with a suitable interface 4s comprising all media supply connections for the suction tool 2. Depending on the application and the process, the movement unit 4 can be provided to completely immerse the suction heads 21 into the pulp 1 for contacting 120. The movement unit 4 is provided for transferring the formed parts 10 in the suction tool 2 to the prepressing station 3 of the preforming station 30 and to the hot-pressing station 40 and to eject them for the hot-pressing process at the latter. The movement unit 4 and the suction tool 2 are configured to leave the formed parts 10 in the suction tool 2 in the prepressing station 3. The prepressing is thus performed with a prepressing lower tool 31 and the suction tool 2 as the prepressing upper tool. In this case, the prepressing pressure can be exerted on the formed parts between the prepressing lower tool 31 and the suction tool 2, for example, by means of a hydraulically operated piston rod or by means of the robotic arm. The prepressing can be performed at a temperature of the prepressing station 3 of less than 80° C., preferably less than 50° C., particularly preferably at room temperature, wherein the prepressing pressure VD is between 0.2 N/mm.sup.2 and 0.3 N/mm.sup.2, preferably between 0.23 N/mm.sup.2 and 0.27 N/mm.sup.2. In an alternative embodiment, the prepressing (preforming) can also be performed with a membrane 32 as a prepressing lower tool 31 as a membrane press (not shown here). The suction tool 2 would then be inserted into the correspondingly shaped prepressing lower tool 31 with a positive form as the suction head suction side 21s. For membrane pressing 150, the membrane 32 would be configured as a flexible membrane. The prepressing pressure VD would be applied as gas pressure to the membrane 32 which is then pressed onto the outer contour of the formed part 10. As a result, pressure can also be exerted on surfaces of the formed part 10 that cannot be applied in this way by means of hydraulic pressing, since the gas pressure applies the membrane to all surfaces with the same pressure, independent of direction. The movement unit 4 and the suction tool 2 are also designed to eject the formed parts 10 in the hot-pressing station from the suction tool 2 for the subsequent hot-pressing. This can be done, for example, by means of compressed air, which ejects the formed parts 10 from the suction heads 21 of the suction tool 2.

[0107] FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the prepressing lower tool according to some embodiments as a multi-tool with a plurality of prepressing lower tools 31 adapted to the suction tool 2 (a) in a perspective view of the multi-tool and (b) in a lateral section of an individual prepressing lower tool in the multi-tool. The prepressing lower tool 31 is adapted here to a negative form of the suction heads 21 so that the formed part 11 can be placed onto the prepressing lower tool 31 in such a way that it is arranged between the prepressing lower tool 31 and the suction tool 2 so that the suction tool 2 can be pressed onto the prepressing lower tool 31 with the prepressing pressure VD. In this case, the prepressing lower tool 31 has a pressing surface 31a facing the formed part 10, which has a lower surface roughness than the screen 22 of the suction tool 2. The prepressing lower tool 31 can be made of metal, for example, or at least partially of an elastomer, preferably silicone. In the embodiments shown here, the prepressing lower tool 31 is made in part from an elastomer, in this case silicone. The prepressing lower tool 31 has a cavity 33 which is surrounded by a wall 34 made of the elastomer as a pressing surface 31a, wherein the prepressing station 3 is configured to apply gas pressure GD to the cavity 33 during prepressing in order to generate the prepressing pressure VD on the formed part 10 and suction tool 2 or at least to support the prepressing pressure exerted by the suction tool 2 with the gas pressure GD directed in the opposite direction (see FIG. 7b). In the multi-tool, the individual prepressing lower tools 31 are arranged on a common carrier plate 35, which is equipped as an interface to the prepressing station 3 for reversible attachment to the prepressing station and/or for supplying the individual prepressing lower tools 31 with gas pressure. Here, the carrier plate 35 also has a heating element 36 which extends over the surface of the carrier plate 35 in order to enable the prepressing lower tools 31 to be heated.

[0108] FIG. 8 shows a further embodiment of the hot-pressing station 40 according to some embodiments (a) in side view and (b) in perspective view comprising a hot-pressing lower tool 41 adapted to a contour 10i of the formed part 10 for receiving the formed part 10 and a hot-pressing upper tool 42, correspondingly adapted to the formed part 10, for placing onto or inserting into the formed part 10 along a closing direction SR of the hot-pressing station 40, wherein the hot-pressing lower tool 41 and the hot-pressing upper tool 42 apply a hot-pressing pressure HD to formed part 10 arranged between the hot-pressing lower tool 41 and the hot-pressing upper tool 42 during hot-pressing. In the case of a negative form of a suction tool 2, the hot-pressing lower tool 41 also has a negative form (as shown here) and is thus provided as an inner tool 40i in the hot-pressing station 40, while the hot-pressing upper tool 42 is placed on it as an outer tool 40a for hot-pressing. In the case of a positive form of the suction tool 2 (not shown here), the hot-pressing lower tool 41 would also have a positive form and would be provided as an outer tool 40a, while the hot-pressing upper tool 42 would be inserted in the hot-pressing lower tool 41 as an inner tool 40i for hot-pressing. The hot-pressing lower tool 41 and the hot-pressing upper tool 42 are designed here as complementary multi-tools with a plurality of hot-pressing lower tools 41 and hot-pressing upper tools 42 arranged on respective carrier plates 45 for the respective hot-pressing lower tools 41 and hot-pressing upper tools 42. The carrier plates 45 are laterally movably mounted in the hot-pressing station 40 (see FIG. 8b) to enable the respective hot-pressing lower tools 41 and hot-pressing upper tools 42 to be changed as multi-tools outside of a process space of the hot-pressing station 40. The carrier plate 45 of the hot-pressing upper tools 42 of the multi-tool is provided with gas lines in order to, depending on the process step, apply a vacuum in the respective hot-pressing upper tools 42 to hold the formed parts 10 in and/or an overpressure to eject the final-shaped formed parts 10 from the hot-pressing upper tools 42. The hot-pressing upper tool 42 can then be used to eject the final-shaped formed parts 10 for further transport, for example, onto a conveyor belt 95 connected to the hot-pressing station. For this purpose, the carrier plate 45 can be moved from the hot-pressing position into an ejection position. Furthermore, expansion means 47 for compensating for thermal expansion effects are arranged between the carrier plate 45 and a holder 46 for the carrier plate 45. Thermally insulating material 44 can be arranged between the carrier plate 45 and the holder 46, see, for example, FIG. 9.

[0109] FIG. 9 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the hot-pressing lower tool 41 and hot-pressing upper tool 42 of the hot-pressing station 40 from FIG. 8 during hot-pressing. The respective hot-pressing sides 41a, 42a of the hot-pressing lower tool 41 and the hot-pressing upper tool 42 facing the formed part 10 are heated by means of electric heating cartridges 43. The heating cartridges 43 in the hot-pressing lower tool 41 and hot-pressing upper tool 42 are configured and arranged in such a way that the hot-pressing sides 41a, 42a can be heated to temperatures greater than 150° C., preferably between 180° C. and 250° C. The heating cartridges 43 can be controlled in such a way that the temperatures of the hot-pressing lower tool 41 and the hot-pressing upper tool 42 differ, wherein the hot-pressing upper tool 42 can have a higher temperature than the hot-pressing lower tool 41; the temperatures preferably differ by at least 25° C., preferably not more than 60° C., more preferably around 50° C. For this purpose, the heating cartridges 43 are arranged close to the contour of the formed part 10 in the respective hot-pressing upper tools 42 and hot-pressing lower tools 41, and the respective hot-pressing upper tools 42 and hot-pressing lower tools 41 are made of metal. Here, a heating cartridge 43 is arranged centrally in the inner tool 40i parallel to the closing direction SR with a first heating output, while in the outer tool six heating cartridges 43 with second heating outputs are arranged concentrically around the closing direction SR parallel to the hot-pressing side 41a, 42a of the inner tool 40i, wherein the first heating output is greater than the second heating output. Furthermore, here the hot-pressing upper tools 42 comprise a covering 44 made of a thermally insulating material on the sides facing away from the formed part 10.

[0110] FIG. 10 shows a schematic representation of a further embodiment of the hot-pressing lower tool 41 and hot-pressing upper tool 42 of the hot-pressing station 40 from FIG. 8 during hot-pressing. After prepressing has taken place, the prepressed formed part 10 is transferred to the hot-pressing station 40 by means of the suction tool 2, wherein the formed part 10 is removed from the suction tool 2 for subsequent hot-pressing. The hot-pressing station 40 comprises a hot-pressing lower tool 41 with a hot-pressing side 41a adapted to a contour of the formed part 10 and a hot-pressing upper tool 42, wherein the formed part 10 is placed from the suction tool 2 onto the hot-pressing lower tool 41 (here with a negative form. With a positive form, it would be inserted into the hot-pressing lower tool). During hot-pressing, the hot-pressing upper tool 42 is then pressed onto the hot-pressing lower tool 41 with the formed part 10 arranged in between. The hot-pressing lower tool 41 may be made of metal. The hot-pressing lower tool 41 also comprises channels 41k to its hot-pressing side 41a, with which the liquid solution can be at least partially removed from the formed part 10 during hot-pressing. These channels 41k can have a diameter of less than or equal to 1.0 mm, at least on the hot-pressing side. In this case, the channels can have any suitable geometry as a cross-sectional area. For example, the channels 41k have a round or elliptical cross section. The hot-pressing upper tool 42 is adapted to the contour of the formed part 10 at least with the side 42i facing the formed part; the hot-pressing upper tool 42 is preferably also made of metal. Different temperatures can be used for the hot-pressing lower tool 41 and the hot-pressing upper tool 42 during hot-pressing; preferably, the hot-pressing upper tool 42 has a higher temperature than the hot-pressing lower tool 41, the temperatures differing by at least 25° C., preferably not more than 60° C., particularly preferably by 50° C. The hot-pressing can be performed at a temperature greater than 150° C., preferably between 180° C. and 250° C. The hot-pressing 140 is performed at the hot-pressing pressure HD that is higher than the prepressing pressure VD. The hot-pressing pressure HD can be between 0.5 N/mm.sup.2 and 1.5 N/mm.sup.2, preferably between 0.8 N/mm.sup.2 and 1.2 N/mm.sup.2, wherein said pressure preferably is applied for a pressing time of less than 20 s, preferably for more than 8 s, more preferably between 10 and 14 s, even more preferably 12 s.

[0111] FIG. 11 shows an embodiment of the fiber-forming system 100 according to some embodiments for producing formed parts 10 from environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11, comprising a reservoir 6 for providing a pulp 1 as a liquid solution with environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11 as part of the preforming station 30. In a molding station 20, a movement unit 4 immerses a suction tool 2 attached to it, which has a suction head 21 with a three-dimensionally shaped suction head suction side 21s, the shape of which is adapted to a contour of the later formed part 10, into the pulp 1. The pulp is provided by a pulp processing and replenishment unit 35 and is continuously renewed and replenished during operation. The movement unit 4 is designed here as a robot with a robotic arm 4a that can move freely in space. A robot 4 can carry out precise and reproducible movements in a confined space and is therefore particularly suitable for guiding the suction tool 2 between the pulp reservoir 6 and the prepressing station 3 of the preforming station 30. The suction tool 2 is connected to the robotic arm 4a via an interface 4s. Such an interface 4s enables a quick change of the suction tool 2, if necessary. The suction tool 2 is configured to mold the formed part 10 by sucking the environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11 onto the suction head suction side 21s by means of suction pressure SD (vacuum) in the suction tool 2. The prepressing station 3 is provided for prepressing the molded formed part 10 with a prepressing pressure VD to reduce a proportion of the liquid solution in the formed part 10 and to stabilize its shape. The hot-pressing station 40, shown here with the hot-pressing lower tool 41 extended to take over the preformed formed parts 10 from the suction tool 2, is provided with a hot-pressing pressure HD for hot-pressing 150 the prepressed formed part 10 and thus for the final shaping of the formed part 10 and for further reducing the proportion of the liquid solution provided in the formed part 10. The ejection unit 70 then ejects the final-shaped formed part 10. To control the process performed, the fiber-forming system 100 comprises a control unit 50 which is suitably connected to the other components 20, 30, 35, 40, 60, 70, 80, 90 of the fiber-forming system 100 in order to control these components, including a cutting unit 80 and/or a stacking unit 90 and/or a conveyor belt 95. In particular, the fiber-forming system 100 can additionally comprise a coating unit 60 for applying one or more functional coatings to the formed part 10.

[0112] FIG. 12 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of the method 200 according to some embodiments for the production of formed parts 10 from environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11 by means of a fiber-forming process in a fiber-forming system according to some embodiments comprising subsequent steps of molding 210 the formed part in a molding station 20 according to some embodiments from a reservoir 6 with a pulp 1 as a liquid solution with the environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material 11; preforming 220 the formed part 10 in a preforming station 30 according to some embodiments; final shaping 230 the preformed part 10 in a hot-pressing station 40 according to some embodiments; and ejecting 240 the final-shaped formed part 10 from the fiber-forming system 100 according to some embodiments.

[0113] The following numbered clauses set out various non-limiting embodiments disclosed herein:

Set A

[0114] A1. A molding station (20) for a fiber-forming system (100) for molding (210) a formed part (10) made from environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material (11) in a fiber-forming process comprising: [0115] a suction tool (2) for sucking in the environmentally-friendly degradable fiber material (11) for molding (210) the formed part (10) from a reservoir (6) with a pulp (1) as a liquid solution with the environmentally-friendly degradable fiber material (11), wherein the suction tool (2) comprises a suction head (21) with a three-dimensionally shaped suction head suction side (21s), the shape of which is adapted to a contour of the later formed part (10), and the formed part (10) on the suction head suction side (21s) is formed by means of a vacuum in the suction tool (2); and [0116] a movement unit (4), on which the suction tool (2) is mounted, which is provided at least for placing or for partially immersing the suction tool (2) on or in the pulp (1).
A2. The molding station (20) according to any previous clause within set A, wherein the suction head suction side (21s) of the suction head (21) is formed by a porous screen (22) on a suction side surface (23s) of the suction head (21), wherein on the pulp side (22p) facing the pulp (1) of the screen (22), the environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber (11) adheres due to the suction.
A3. The molding station (20) according to any previous clause within set A, wherein the screen (22) has a wavy structure with wave crests (22w) and wave troughs (22t) along the suction-side surface (23s), wherein the screen (22) rests at least during suction with the wave crests (22w) of its side (22s) facing the suction-side surface (23s) on the suction-side surface (23s).
A4. The molding station (20) according to any previous clause within set A, wherein the suction tool (2) comprises a plurality of suction channels (23) which terminate on the suction-side surface (23 s) below the screen (22) and are distributed over the suction-side surface (23 s) in such a way that a substantially equal suction power is achieved in all areas between the screen (22) and the suction-side surface (23 s).
A5. The molding station (20) according to any previous clause within set A, wherein the suction channels (23) have openings in the suction-side surface (23s) with diameters of less than 4 mm.
A6. The molding station (20) according to any previous clause within set A, wherein the suction channels (23) have an uneven distribution on the suction-side surface (23 s), wherein in the area of negative edges in the formed part (10) 40%-60% fewer and/or in the area of positive edges 10%-30% more suction channels (23) are arranged per unit area than with plane surfaces.
A7. The molding station (20) according to any previous clause within set A, wherein the screen (22) is fastened in the suction head (21) only with reversible fastening means (28), possibly clamping means.
A8. The molding station (20) according to any previous clause within set A, wherein the screen (22) is fastened in at least some of the suction channels (23).
A9. The molding station (20) according to any previous clause within set A, wherein the suction head (21), on its end face (21p) facing the pulp (1), comprises a collecting ring (24) for receiving the liquid solution of the pulp (1) sucked through the suction head suction side (21s), which collecting ring is connected to a discharge channel (25) for the liquid solution.
A10. The molding station (20) according to any previous clause within set A, wherein the suction head suction side (21s) of the suction head (21) is designed either as a negative form, the suction head inside (21i), or as a positive form, the suction head outside (21a).
A11. The molding station (20) according to any previous clause within set A, wherein the suction tool (2) is a multi-tool with a plurality of suction heads (21).
A12. The molding station (20) according to any previous clause within set A, wherein the shapes of the suction heads (21) in the suction tool (2) can differ at least in part, possibly the same shapes of the suction heads (21) are arranged adjacent in the suction tool (2) in separate modules (29).
A13. The molding station (20) according to any previous clause within set A, wherein the suction tool (2) comprises a base plate (26) with suction heads (21) mounted thereon and a gas line system (27) in the base plate (26), which gas line system at least distributes the vacuum provided by a vacuum pump (5) to the suction heads (21) as the suction pressure (SD) for sucking in the fiber material (11); the gas line system (27) possibly also comprises compressed gas lines (27d) for applying compressed air on the suction heads (21).
A14. The molding station (20) according to any previous clause within set A, wherein the gas line system (27) for the suction pressure (SD) comprises main gas lines (27h) and secondary gas lines (27n), wherein the main gas lines (27h) are provided for generating a pre-vacuum and the secondary gas lines (27n) are provided as a supplement to the main gas lines (27h) for achieving the suction pressure (SD) after the suction tool (21) contacts the pulp (1).
A15. The molding station (20) according to any previous clause within set A, wherein one or more valves (27v) are suitably arranged in the gas line system (27) to switch off at least a suction pressure (SD) at the suction heads (21) as soon as the suction tool has left the pulp (1), and/or to at least switch on the secondary gas lines to the main lines as soon as the suction tool (2) is immersed in the pulp (1).
A16. The molding station (20) according to any previous clause within set A, wherein the movement unit (4) comprises a robotic arm (4a) which can move freely in space and on which the suction tool (2) is mounted.
A17. The molding station (20) according to any previous clause within set A, wherein the robotic arm (4a) is connected to the suction tool (2) with a suitable interface (4s) comprising all media supply connections for the suction tool (2).
A18. The molding station (20) according to any previous clause within set A, wherein the movement unit (4) is provided for completely immersing the suction head or heads (21) into the pulp (1) for contact (120).
A19. The molding station (20) according to any previous clause within set A, wherein the movement unit (4) is provided for transferring the formed parts (10) in the suction tool (2) to the prepressing station (3) of a preforming station (30) and/or to the hot-pressing station (40).
A20. The molding station (20) according to any previous clause within set A, wherein the movement unit (4) and the suction tool (2) are configured for leaving the formed parts (10) in the prepressing station (3) for prepressing in the suction tool (2) after the transfer to the preforming station (30).
A21. The molding station (20) according to any previous clause within set A, wherein the movement unit (4) and the suction tool (2) are configured for ejecting the formed parts (10) from the suction tool (2) in the hot-pressing station for the subsequent hot-pressing.
A22. The molding station (20) according to any previous clause within set A, wherein the movement unit (4) and the suction tool (2) are configured to eject the formed parts (10) from the suction heads (21) of the suction tool (2) by means of compressed air.

Set B

[0117] B1. A preforming station (30) for a fiber-forming system (100) for preforming (220) a formed part of environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material (11) in a fiber-forming process comprising [0118] a reservoir (6) with a pulp (1) as a liquid solution with the environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material (11) for molding the formed part (10), possibly arranged as a horizontal reservoir (6) that is open at the top; and [0119] a prepressing station (3) for preforming (220) the formed part (10) molded by means of a molding station (20) according to one of the preceding clauses by means of a suction tool (2) with a prepressing pressure (VD) to reduce a proportion of the liquid solution in the formed part (10) and to stabilize the shape of the formed part (10).
B2. The preforming station (30) according to any previous clause within set B, wherein the preforming station (30) further comprises a pulp preparation and replenishment unit (35) for replenishing the pulp (1) for the reservoir (6).
B3. The preforming station (30) according to any previous clause within set B, wherein the pulp preparation and replenishment unit (35) fills the reservoir (6) at least periodically, possibly continuously, as a function of the consumption of pulp by molding the formed part (10), in order to ensure a required fill level of the reservoir (6) for molding.
B4. The preforming station (30) according to any previous clause within set B, wherein the prepressing station (3) is arranged and configured in relation to the reservoir (6) in such a way that the liquid solution removed from the formed part by the prepressing is fed back into the reservoir (6).
B5. The preforming station (30) according to any previous clause within set B, wherein the prepressing station (3) is arranged in a vertical orientation above the reservoir (6), so that the liquid solution removed from the formed part by the prepressing flows back into the reservoir (6) from the prepressing station (3) directly into the reservoir (6).
B6. The preforming station (30) according to any previous clause within set B, wherein the prepressing station (3) comprises a prepressing lower tool (31), the shape of which is adapted to the formed part (10) remaining in the suction tool (2) in such a way that said formed part can be placed onto the prepressing lower tool in such a way that it is arranged between prepressing lower tool (31) and suction tool (2) so that the suction tool (2) can be pressed onto the prepressing lower tool (31) with the prepressing pressure (VD), or that the prepressing (140) is performed as membrane pressing, wherein the prepressing lower tool (31) is designed as a flexible membrane and the prepressing pressure (VD) is applied to the membrane as gas pressure, which then presses onto the outer contour (10a) of the formed part (10).
B7. The preforming station (30) according to any previous clause within set B, wherein the prepressing lower tool (31) has a pressing surface (31a) facing the formed part (10), which pressing surface has a lower surface roughness than the screen (22) of the suction tool (2).
B8. The preforming station (30) according to any previous clause within set B, wherein the prepressing lower tool (31) is made of metal or at least partially of an elastomer, possibly silicone.
B9. The preforming station (30) according to any previous clause within set B, wherein the prepressing lower tool (31) has a cavity (33) which is surrounded by a wall (34) made of the elastomer as a pressing surface (31a), wherein the prepressing station (3) is configured for applying a gas pressure (GD) to the cavity (33) during prepressing in order to generate or at least support the prepressing pressure (VD).
B10. The preforming station (30) according to any previous clause within set B, wherein the prepressing station (3) is designed as a multi-tool with a plurality of prepressing lower tools (31) adapted to the suction tool (2) as a multi-tool.
B11. The preforming station (30) according to any previous clause within set B, wherein the prepressing lower tools (31) are arranged on a common carrier plate (35), which is configured as an interface to the prepressing station (3) for reversible attachment to the prepressing station and/or for supplying the individual prepressing lower tools (31) with gas pressure.
B12. The preforming station (30) according to any previous clause within set B, wherein the carrier plate (35) additionally comprises a heating element (36), possibly a heating element (36) extending over the surface of the carrier plate (35), for heating the prepressing lower tools.
B13. The preforming station (30) according to any previous clause within set B, wherein the molding station (20) is part of the preforming station (30).
B14. The preforming station (30) according to any previous clause within set B, wherein the molding station (20) is connected to the pre-molding station (30) via suitable lines in such a way that the liquid solution and/or fiber material (11) that has passed through the suction head (21) is reintroduced into the pulp (1) via the pre-molding station (30).

Set C

[0120] C1. A hot-pressing station (40) for a fiber-forming system (100) for final shaping (230) a formed part made of environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material (11) in a fiber-forming process, comprising a hot-pressing lower tool (41) adapted to a contour (10i) of the formed part (10) for receiving of the formed part (10) and a hot-pressing upper tool (42), correspondingly adapted to the formed part (10), for placing onto or inserting into the formed part (10) along a closing direction (SR) of the hot-pressing station (40), wherein the hot-pressing lower tool (41) and/or the hot-pressing upper tool (42) are provided for exerting a hot-pressing pressure (HD) on the formed part (10) arranged between the hot-pressing lower tool (41) and the hot-pressing upper tool (42) during hot-pressing.
C2. The hot-pressing station (40) according to any previous clause within set C, wherein in the case of a negative form of a suction tool (2), the hot-pressing lower tool (41) also has a negative form and is provided as an inner tool (40i), while the hot-pressing upper tool (42) is placed on said inner tool as an outer tool (40a) for hot-pressing, and in the case of a positive form of the suction tool (2), the hot-pressing lower tool (41) also has a positive form and is provided as an outer tool (40a), while the hot-pressing upper tool (42) is inserted into the hot-pressing lower tool (41) as an inner tool (40i) for hot-pressing.
C3. The hot-pressing station (40) according to any previous clause within set C, wherein respective hot-pressing sides (41a, 42a) of the hot-pressing lower tool (41) and of the hot-pressing upper tool (42) facing the formed part (10) are heated by means of electric heating cartridges (43).
C4. The hot-pressing station (40) according to any previous clause within set C, wherein the heating cartridges (43) in the hot-pressing lower tool (41) and hot-pressing upper tool (42) are configured and arranged in such a way that the hot-pressing sides (41a, 42a) are heated to temperatures greater than 150° C., possibly between 180° C. and 250° C.
C5. The hot-pressing station (40) according to any previous clause within set C, wherein the heating cartridges (43) are controlled in such a way that the temperatures of the hot-pressing lower tool (41) and the hot-pressing upper tool (42) differ.
C6. The hot-pressing station (40) according to any previous clause within set C, wherein the hot-pressing upper tool (42) has a higher temperature than the hot-pressing lower tool (41), possibly the temperatures differ by at least 25° C., possibly not more than 60° C., particularly possibly by 50° C.
C7. The hot-pressing station (40) according to any previous clause within set C, wherein the heating cartridges (43) are arranged close to the contour of the formed part (10) in the respective hot-pressing upper tools (42) and hot-pressing lower tools (41), possibly the respective hot-pressing upper tools (42) and hot-pressing lower tools (41) made of metal.
C8. The hot-pressing station (40) according to any previous clause within set C, wherein that at least one heating cartridge (43) with a first heating output is arranged in the inner tool (40i), while a plurality of heating cartridges (43) with second heating outputs is arranged in the outer tool around the hot-pressing side (41a, 42a) of the outer tool (40a); possibly the first heating output is greater than the second heating output.
C9. The hot-pressing station (40) according to any previous clause within set C, wherein in the case of a single heating cartridge (43) in the inner tool (40i), said heating cartridge is arranged centrally in the inner tool (40i) parallel to the closing direction (SR), and/or in the case of several heating cartridges (43) in the inner tool (40i), said heating cartridges are arranged concentrically around the closing direction (SR) parallel to the hot-pressing side (41a, 42a) of the inner tool (40i).
C10. The hot-pressing station (40) according to any previous clause within set C, wherein in the outer tool (40a) a plurality of heating cartridges (43) is arranged concentrically around the closing direction (SR) parallel to the hot-pressing side (41a, 42a) of the outer tool (40a).
C11. The hot-pressing station (40) according to any previous clause within set C, wherein the hot-pressing lower tools (41) and/or the hot-pressing upper tools (42) comprise a covering (44) made of a thermally insulating material on the sides facing away from the formed part (10).
C12. The hot-pressing station (40) according to any previous clause within set C, wherein the hot-pressing lower tool (41) comprises a plurality of channels (41k) to its hot-pressing side (41a), with which the liquid solution can be at least partially discharged from the formed part (10) during hot-pressing.
C13. The hot-pressing station (40) according to any previous clause within set C, wherein the channels (41k) have a diameter of less than or equal to 1.0 mm, at least on the hot-pressing side (41a).
C14. The hot-pressing station (40) according to any previous clause within set C, wherein both the hot-pressing lower tool (41) and the hot-pressing upper tool (42) as a multi-tool with a plurality of hot-pressing lower tools (41) and hot-pressing upper tools (42) are arranged on respective carrier plates (45) for the respective hot-pressing lower tools (41) and hot-pressing upper tools (42).
C15. The hot-pressing station (40) according to any previous clause within set C, wherein the carrier plates (45) in the hot-pressing station (40) are laterally movably mounted to enable the respective hot-pressing lower tools (41) and hot-pressing upper tools (42) to be changed as multi-tools outside of a process space of the hot-pressing station (40).
C16. The hot-pressing station (40) according to any previous clause within set C, wherein the carrier plate (45) of the hot-pressing upper tools (42) of the multi-tool is provided with gas lines in order to, depending on the process step, apply a vacuum in the respective hot-pressing upper tools (42) for holding the formed parts (10) in and/or an overpressure for ejecting the final-shaped formed parts (10) from the hot-pressing upper tools (42).
C17. The hot-pressing station (40) according to any previous clause within set C, wherein expansion means (47) are arranged between the carrier plate (45) and a holder (46) for the carrier plate.
C18. The hot-pressing station (40) according to any previous clause within set C, wherein thermally insulating material (44) is arranged between the carrier plate (45) and the holder (46).

Set D

[0121] D1. A fiber-forming system (100) comprising at least one molding station (20) according to any previous clause within set A, a preforming station (30) according to any previous clause within set B, and a hot-pressing station (40) according to any previous clause within set C for producing a formed part (10) from environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material (11) by means of a fiber-forming process performed in the fiber-forming system (100).
D2. The fiber-forming system (100) according to any previous clause within set D, wherein the fiber-forming system (100) comprises a control unit (50) for controlling at least the molding station (20), the preforming station (30) and the hot-pressing station (40) and their sub-components (2, 3, 4, 5, 6).
D3. The fiber-forming system (100) according to any previous clause within set D, wherein the fiber-forming system (20) additionally comprises a coating unit (60) for applying one or more functional coatings to the formed part (10).
D4. The fiber-forming system (100) according to any previous clause within set D, wherein the fiber-forming system (100) further comprises an ejection unit (70) for ejecting the final-shaped formed part (10), possibly the forming system also comprises at least a cutting unit (80) and/or a stacking unit (90) and/or a conveyor belt (95) for the formed parts (10).
D5. A method (200) for producing formed parts (10) from environmentally-friendly-degradable fiber material (11) by means of a fiber-forming process in a fiber-forming system (100) according to any previous clause within set D, comprising the following steps: [0122] molding (210) the formed part in a molding station (20) according to any previous clause within set A from a reservoir (6) with a pulp (1) as a liquid solution with the environmentally-friendly degradable fiber material (11); [0123] preforming (220) the molded formed part (10) in a preforming station (30) according to any previous clause within set B; [0124] final shaping (230) of the preformed formed part (10) in a hot-pressing station (40) according to any previous clause within set C; and [0125] ejecting (240) the final-shaped formed part (10) from the fiber-forming system (100).

[0126] At this point it should be explicitly pointed out that features of the solutions described above or in the claims and/or figures can also be combined if necessary in order to be able to implement or achieve the features, effects and advantages explained in a cumulative manner.

[0127] It goes without saying that the exemplary embodiment explained above is merely a first embodiment of the present disclosure. In this respect, the design of disclosed embodiments is not limited to this exemplary embodiment.