CYLINDER HEAD OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE

Abstract

Various aspects of the present disclosure are directed to a cylinder head for an internal combustion engine. In one example embodiment, the cylinder head includes at least one spark plug having at least one earth electrode, a precombustion chamber accommodating the at least one spark plug, and a fuel channel which leads into the precombustion chamber. The fuel channel having a flow axis at an outlet that is oriented in the direction of the at least one earth electrode. An axis of rotation of the at least one spark plug has an offset with respect to the flow axis between 0 and 15% of the greatest precombustion chamber diameter.

Claims

1. Cylinder head of an internal combustion engine comprising: at least one spark plug having at least one earth electrode configured and arranged to form an ignition spark, and a precombustion chamber component configured and arranged to accommodate the spark plug and forms a precombustion chamber, and a fuel channel which leads into the precombustion chamber and is arranged in the precombustion chamber component, wherein a flow axis (S) of the fuel channel at an outlet is oriented in the direction of the earth electrode, so that substantially the entire fuel flow (B) flows to the earth electrode, wherein the axis of rotation (D) of the spark plug has an offset (x) with respect to the axis (A) of the precombustion chamber, and the offset (x) is between 0 and 15% of the greatest precombustion chamber diameter (g).

2. The cylinder head of claim 1, wherein the offset between the axis of rotation (D) of the spark plug and the axis (A) of the precombustion chamber is between 0% and 15% of the greatest precombustion chamber diameter (g).

3. The cylinder head of claim 1, wherein a flow axis (S) of the fuel channel is curved in at least one direction.

4. The cylinder head of claim 3, wherein an axis of rotation (D) of the spark plug and the flow axis (S) of the fuel channel lie substantially in one plane (ε), and in that the flow axis (S) is curved substantially in this plane (ε).

5. The cylinder head of claim 3, wherein the curvature of the fuel channel encloses an angle (δ) between 80° and 160°.

6. The cylinder head of claim 1, wherein the flow axis (S) in the region of the outlet is arranged substantially normal to an axis (A) of the precombustion chamber, so that the incident flow of the ignition spark is substantially normal to the axis (A) of the precombustion chamber.

7. The cylinder head of claim 1, wherein the flow axis (S) in the region of the outlet is inclined substantially by an angle (β) with respect to a normal plane through the axis (A) of the precombustion chamber, so that the incident flow of the ignition spark is inclined substantially by an angle (β) with respect to the normal plane through the axis (A) of the precombustion chamber, wherein the angle (β) is between 0° and 30°.

8. The cylinder head of claim 1, wherein the outlet is arranged with the flow axis (S) at the level of the earth electrode along the axis (A) of the precombustion chamber.

9. The cylinder head of claim 1, wherein the precombustion chamber component includes a precombustion chamber shell that forms the precombustion chamber, and a sleeve around the spark plug, wherein the precombustion chamber shell and the sleeve are each formed integrally and/or are connected to one another.

10. The cylinder head of claim 1, further including a fuel valve arranged in the precombustion chamber component.

11. The cylinder head of claim 10, wherein the flow axis of the fuel channel in a region of the fuel channel adjacent to the fuel valve substantially corresponds to the axis of rotation of the fuel valve.

12. The cylinder head of claim 10, wherein the fuel valve is arranged inclined with respect to a straight line parallel to the axis (A) of the precombustion chamber.

13. The cylinder head of claim 1, wherein the offset (x) lies in the plane (e) and the earth electrode is arranged facing away from the fuel channel by the offset (x) with respect to the axis (A) of the precombustion chamber.

14. The cylinder head of claim 1, wherein an axis of rotation (D) of the spark plug has an angle (α) with respect to the axis (A) of the precombustion chamber which is between 0° and 30°.

15. The cylinder head of claim 1, wherein the fuel channel is formed by a tubular recess along the flow axis (S) within the precombustion chamber component, so that the recess of the fuel channel is surrounded radially around the flow axis (S) by material of the precombustion chamber component.

16. Internal combustion engine having a cylinder head according to claim 1.

17. Method for manufacturing a cylinder head according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder head is at least partially manufactured by 3D printing.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the cutting of the spark plug thread for the spark plug in the precombustion chamber component is carried out in such a way that an earth electrode is arranged in a defined position with respect to the fuel channel after the screwing-in process.

19. The cylinder head of claim 1, wherein the internal combustion engine is formed as a gas engine.

20. The cylinder head of claim 2, wherein the offset between the axis of rotation (D) of the spark plug and the axis (A) of the precombustion chamber is between 0% and 10% of the greatest precombustion chamber diameter (g).

21. The cylinder head of claim 2, wherein the offset between the axis of rotation (D) of the spark plug and the axis (A) of the precombustion chamber is between 0% and 8% of the greatest precombustion chamber diameter (g).

22. The cylinder head of claim 2, wherein the offset between the axis of rotation (D) of the spark plug and the axis (A) of the precombustion chamber is less than 7% of the greatest precombustion chamber diameter (g).

23. The cylinder head of claim 12, wherein the inclination corresponds to an angle (γ) between −10° and +35°.

Description

[0030] The invention is explained in further detail in the figures with reference to non-limiting exemplary embodiments, wherein:

[0031] FIG. 1 shows a detail of a cylinder head according to the invention in section in a first embodiment;

[0032] FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of the detail in FIG. 1;

[0033] FIG. 3 shows an alternative enlarged view from FIG. 1;

[0034] FIG. 4 shows a detail of a cylinder head according to the invention in section in a second embodiment; and

[0035] FIG. 5 shows a precombustion chamber component with a spark plug and a fuel valve of a cylinder head according to the invention in the first embodiment and the schematic indication of a third embodiment.

[0036] FIG. 1 shows a detail of a liquid-cooled cylinder head 1 in a first embodiment. Here, the cylinder head 1 is part of an internal combustion engine operated as a gas Otto engine. The detail shows a precombustion chamber component 2 in more detail. In the embodiment shown, the precombustion chamber component 2 has a sleeve 3 and a precombustion chamber shell 4 connected to the sleeve 3. Here, the precombustion chamber shell 4 has an external thread and the sleeve 3 has an internal thread. The precombustion chamber shell 4 is screwed to the sleeve 3. A seal is provided between the precombustion chamber shell 4 and the sleeve 3.

[0037] The precombustion chamber shell 4 encloses a large part of a precombustion chamber 5, which is flow-connected to a combustion chamber 7 via overflow openings 6. The combustion chamber 7 adjoins the cylinder head 1 with, among other things, the precombustion chamber component 2 and is substantially closed off by it in the direction of the precombustion chamber 5.

[0038] A spark plug 8 and a gas valve 9 are arranged inside the sleeve 3. The spark plug 8 extends with an earth electrode 10 into the precombustion chamber 5. An area in which ignition sparks are formed by the spark plug 8 is provided with reference sign 11.

[0039] In the first embodiment, the spark plug 8 is aligned with its axis of rotation D parallel to an axis A of the precombustion chamber 5. In the first embodiment shown, the axis of rotation D and the axis A are offset. This axis of rotation D and the axis A are identical in an alternative embodiment.

[0040] The fuel valve 9 is arranged along an axis V which corresponds to the axis of rotation of the fuel valve 9. This axis V is aligned at an angle to the axis A of the precombustion chamber.

[0041] According to the invention, the fuel valve 9 is connected to the precombustion chamber 5 via a fuel channel 12. The fuel channel 12 extends along a flow axis S. The flow axis S corresponds in its direction to the flow vector of the undisturbed flow inside the fuel channel 12.

[0042] The fuel channel 12 has an outlet 13 into the precombustion chamber 5. At least at the outlet 13, the fuel channel 12 is oriented in the direction of the ignition spark 11 and the earth electrode 10. The fuel therefore flows in the direction of the ignition spark 11, as is to be indicated by the arrow B.

[0043] The fuel valve 9 is a distance a away from the precombustion chamber 5. This distance a is the distance of the delivery point of fuel from the fuel valve 9 into the fuel channel 12, the inlet of the fuel channel, from the outlet 13 of the fuel channel 12 into the precombustion chamber 5.

[0044] In the embodiments shown, the greatest precombustion chamber diameter g is found at the transition to spark plug 8. In these embodiments, the greatest precombustion chamber diameter g is slightly larger than the diameter of spark plug 8. In alternative embodiments, these diameters can be the same.

[0045] This arrangement is shown slightly enlarged in FIG. 2. This shows that the axis of rotation D and the axis A of the precombustion chamber 5 have a slight offset x from each other. Thereby, the spark plug 8 is further away from the fuel valve 9 due to the offset x. In the embodiment shown, the axis V of the fuel valve 9 and the axis of rotation D of the spark plug 8 lie in a plane E, which also forms the section plane for the section of FIGS. 1 to 5. Therefore, the image plane is marked with the reference sign for the plane E. The offset x in FIG. 2 is smaller than 10% of the greatest precombustion chamber diameter g.

[0046] The fuel channel 12 has a curvature 12a between an inlet with which the fuel channel 12 adjoins the gas valve 9 and the outlet 13. In this case, the flow axis S is curved in the plane E. In alternative embodiments, more complex shapes for the fuel channel 12 are also possible.

[0047] For clarity purposes, not all components in FIG. 2 have been labeled. The missing reference signs can be taken from FIG. 1.

[0048] FIG. 3 shows a section of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, in which the spark plug 8 with the earth electrode 10, as well as the ignition spark 11, are clearly visible.

[0049] Gas is discharged into the fuel channel 12 through the fuel valve 9. The fuel channel 12 deflects the fuel flow B substantially along the flow axis S and at the outlet 13 the flow B is directed towards the earth electrode 10. The ignition spark 11 is created between the earth electrode 10 and the main part of the spark plug 8. The gas, the fuel, is ignited immediately by the flow B in the direction of the ignition spark B.

[0050] In this case, the outlet 13 of the fuel channel 12 is arranged with the flow axis S at the level of the ignition spark 11 and the flow B of the fuel is discharged approximately along an unmarked normal plane of the axis A of the precombustion chamber 5 in the direction of the ignition spark 11.

[0051] The curvature 12a thereby deflects the flow axis S by an angle δ.

[0052] FIG. 4 shows a detail analogous to FIG. 3 of a second version of the cylinder head 1 according to the invention. In the following, only the differences to the first embodiment are explained. Identical reference signs indicate components with the same functions.

[0053] In contrast to the first embodiment, in the second embodiment the outlet 13 is not arranged at the same height along the axis A of the precombustion chamber 5. In this case, the flow axis S at the outlet 13 is assigned closer to the spark plug 8 compared to the first embodiment.

[0054] The flow axis S is inclined by an angle R in the area of the outlet 8. In this case, the flow of fuel B is also inclined by the angle R and directed toward the ignition spark 11.

[0055] FIG. 5 shows an alternative axis of rotation d of the spark plug 8 for a third embodiment. This axis of rotation d has an inclination a to the axis A of the precombustion chamber.

[0056] In addition, an angle γ is drawn in this figure, which the axis V of the fuel valve 9 has to a straight line, which is parallel to the axis A of the precombustion chamber. The fuel valve 9 is inclined by the angle γ with respect to this straight line.

[0057] The cylinder head 1 is liquid-cooled. From FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, cooling chambers can be seen which are adjacent to the precombustion chamber component 2. This protects the spark plug 8, the precombustion chamber component 2 and the surroundings of these components of the cylinder head 2 from thermal damage and allows heat to be dissipated.