Method and Device for Stabilizing Electromagnetic Radiation from an Optical Oscillator

Abstract

Stabilizing an electromagnetic radiation (1) of an optical oscillator (3), in particular of a laser (13), includes measuring a deviation (35, 37, 43) between the electromagnetic radiation (1) of the optical oscillator (3) and a reference (21, 23, 39, 41) and generating a first deviation signal (35, 37, 43), controlling a first controller (55) with the first deviation signal (35, 37, 43), setting the first deviation signal (35, 37, 43, 38) by controlling at least a first manipulated variable (5, 7, 89) of at least two manipulated variables (5, 7, 89), the first manipulated variable (5, 7, 89) being controlled by a first output signal (57) of the first controller (55) and the first manipulated variable (5, 7, 89) affecting the first electromagnetic radiation (1) of the optical oscillator (3), and generating a modulation signal (65) with a modulation unit (63), and controlling the first or a second manipulated variable (5, 7, 89) with the modulation signal (65), demodulating the first output signal (57) of the first controller (55) with the modulation signal (65) and generating a second deviation signal (71) from a fixed value (73), controlling a second controller (74) with the second deviation signal (71) and controlling one of the manipulated variables (5, 7, 89) with an output signal (75) of the second controller (74) and setting the second deviation signal (71).

Claims

1. A method for stabilizing a first electromagnetic radiation of an optical oscillator, in particular of a first laser, comprising, measuring a deviation between the first electromagnetic radiation of the optical oscillator and a reference and generating a first deviation signal, controlling a first controller the first deviation signal, setting the first deviation signal by controlling at least one first manipulated variable of at least two manipulated variables, the first manipulated variable being controlled by a first output signal of the first controller and the first manipulated variable affecting the first electromagnetic radiation of the optical oscillator, characterized by generating a modulation signal with a modulation unit, and controlling the first or a second manipulated variable with the modulation signal, demodulating the first output signal the first controller with the modulation signal and generating a second deviation signal with respect to a fixed value, controlling a second controller with the second deviation signal, controlling one of the manipulated variables with an output signal of the second controller and setting the second deviation signal.

2. The of claim 1, wherein the deviation is minimized.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising, generating a second modulation signal with the modulation unit, and controlling the other of the first and second manipulated variables with the second modulation signal, wherein in particular effects of the modulation signal and the second modulation signal on the first electromagnetic radiation are in phase opposition to each other, adjusting a phase and/or an amplitude of the modulation signal, and adjusting a phase and/or an amplitude of the second modulation signal, for providing the first electromagnetic radiation without modulation.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference comprises a radio frequency reference and a second electromagnetic radiation of a second laser, and the deviation is generated as a difference between, on the one hand, a difference of the first electromagnetic radiation and the second electromagnetic radiation, and, on the other hand, the radio frequency reference.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the deviation comprises a frequency deviation or a phase deviation.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference comprises a resonator and the deviation comprises a frequency deviation or a phase deviation between a frequency or phase of the first electromagnetic radiation and a frequency or phase of the resonator.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the resonator comprises a quality in a range between 10000 and 1000000, wherein the quality is equal to a frequency of the resonator divided by a frequency bandwidth of the resonator, and the resonator preferably comprises ULE (ultra-low expansion) spacers.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the resonator comprises an etalon, in particular a Fabry-Perot etalon.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference comprises an atomic or molecular gas and the deviation comprises a frequency deviation or a phase deviation between a frequency or phase of the first electromagnetic radiation and a frequency or phase of a resonance of the atomic or molecular gas.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the reference comprises a frequency or phase measuring instrument, in particular a wavemeter or an interferometer, and the deviation comprises a frequency deviation or a phase deviation between a frequency or phase of the first electromagnetic radiation and a frequency or phase of the frequency or phase measuring instrument.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the optical oscillator comprises the manipulated variables and comprises a semiconductor laser, in particular a diode laser, and the manipulated variables comprise a diode current of the diode laser and/or comprise the diode temperature of the diode laser.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein the optical oscillator comprises a first surface and a second surface, at least one of the first surface and the second surface being partially transparent to the first electromagnetic ,radiation wherein in particular the optical oscillator comprises an adjustable wavelength filter for selecting at least one wavelength of the first electromagnetic radiation.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the manipulated variables represent at least one piezo-actuator coupled to the first surface and/or the second surface to exert a force on the first surface and/or the second surface so as to adjust the frequency or phase of the first electromagnetic radiation.

14. The method of claim 6, wherein the manipulated variables represent at least one electro-optical modulator arranged in a beam path of the optical oscillator so as to adjust the frequency or phase of the first electromagnetic radiation.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein the manipulated variables represent the adjustable wavelength filter and are configured to adjust the adjustable wavelength filter.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the manipulated variables is external to the optical oscillator and represents an acousto-optic modulator or a frequency shifter.

17. A control device for stabilizing a first electromagnetic radiation of an optical oscillator, in particular of a first laser, comprising, a measuring device, a reference generator for generating a reference, a first controller, a second controller, wherein the measuring device is configured to measure a deviation between the first electromagnetic radiation of the optical oscillator and the reference, wherein the first controller is configured to be controlled by a first deviation signal and to set the deviation signal by controlling at least one first manipulated variable of at least two manipulated variables with a first output signal, characterized by a modulation unit designed to control the first or a second manipulated variable with a modulation signal, a demodulation unit configured to demodulate the first output signal of the first controller with the modulation signal and to generate a second deviation signal with respect to a fixed value, said second controller configured to be controlled by said second deviation signal and to control one of said manipulated variables with an output signal so as to set said second deviation signal.

18. A method for stabilizing a first electromagnetic radiation of an optical oscillator, in particular of a first laser, comprising, measuring a deviation between the first electromagnetic radiation of the optical oscillator and a reference and generating a first deviation signal, controlling a first controller with the first deviation signal, setting the first deviation signal by controlling at least one first manipulated variable of at least two manipulated variables, the first manipulated variable being controlled by a first output signal of the first controller and the first manipulated variable affecting the first electromagnetic radiation of the optical oscillator, characterized by measuring a modulation index, in particular a frequency and/or phase modulation index, of at least one of the manipulated variables and generating a second deviation signal from a deviation of the modulation index from a fixed value, controlling a second controller with the second deviation signal, controlling one of the manipulated variables with an output signal of the second controller and setting the second deviation signal or the modulation index, wherein the modulation index is a ratio of the controlling of at least one of the manipulated variables and the effect of the at least one manipulated variable on the first electromagnetic radiation.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising, generating a modulation signal with a modulation unit, and controlling the first or a second manipulated variable with the modulation signal.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising, generating a second modulation signal with the modulation unit, and controlling the other of the first and second manipulated variables with the second modulation signal, in particular wherein an effect of the modulation signal on the first electromagnetic radiation and an effect of the second modulation signal on the first electromagnetic radiation are in antiphase to each other, adjusting a phase and/or an amplitude of the modulation signal, and adjusting a phase and/or an amplitude of the second modulation signal, for providing the first electromagnetic radiation without modulation.

Description

[0105] The invention is explained below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the figures. In the figures

[0106] FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of controlling electromagnetic radiation according to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention or by means of a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention;

[0107] FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of controlling electromagnetic radiation according to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention or by means of a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention;

[0108] FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of controlling electromagnetic radiation according to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention or by means of a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention;

[0109] FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of controlling electromagnetic radiation according to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention or by means of a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention;

[0110] FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of controlling electromagnetic radiation according to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention or by means of a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention;

[0111] FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of controlling electromagnetic radiation according to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention or by means of a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention;

[0112] FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of an optical oscillator with two manipulated variables for generating and stabilizing electromagnetic radiation in accordance with a method according to the invention or by means of a device according to the invention;

[0113] FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of controlling electromagnetic radiation according to an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention or by means of an advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention;

[0114] FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of controlling electromagnetic radiation according to an alternative advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention or by means of an alternative advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention.

[0115] Corresponding components are marked with the same reference signs in the figures and the detailed figure description below. Furthermore, alternative components with a corresponding effect, such as the components of the method for stabilizing electromagnetic radiation of an optical oscillator, in particular of a laser, described above and below, or of the device for stabilizing electromagnetic radiation of an optical oscillator, in particular of a laser, are considered interchangeable with the components of the same method or device described above and below.

[0116] FIG. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of a device 1000 according to the invention for stabilizing an electromagnetic radiation 1, which may enable a preferred method according to the invention for stabilizing the electromagnetic radiation 1 of an optical oscillator 3. The optical oscillator 3 may include a first manipulated variable 5 and a second manipulated variable 7. Further, the optical oscillator 3 may include a cavity 9, wherein the cavity 9 may have a length 11. Such an optical oscillator 3 is shown separately from the device 1000 in FIG. 7 and may be used as such in the device 1000, although geometrically differently arranged optical oscillators 3 or functionally differently arranged optical oscillators 3 may also be used in the device 1000. In particular, the optical oscillator 3 may be a laser. The optical oscillator 3 may be arranged in the preferred device 1000 according to the invention to generate the electromagnetic radiation 1. Here, the optical oscillator 3 may further include a semiconductor laser 13, wherein the semiconductor laser 13 may be arranged in an inner region 15 of the cavity 9. In this regard, the semiconductor laser 13 may excite at least one mode of the cavity 9. Furthermore, a measuring device 17 may be provided, wherein the measuring device 17 may be configured to receive the electromagnetic radiation 1. The measuring device 17 may be configured in various ways, as further described below.

[0117] Preferably, the measuring device 17 may include a reference generator 19 for generating a first reference 21. The first reference 21 may be in the form of a signal, in particular a reference signal 21. The reference signal 21 may include a frequency and/or phase.

[0118] Further preferably, the measuring device 17 may be configured as an independent measuring device for the electromagnetic radiation 1, and in this configuration the measuring device 17 may be configured as described below.

[0119] If the measuring device 17 is configured as an independent measuring device, i.e. without the reference generator 19, a reference signal may also be generated internally in the measuring device 17. For this purpose, the measuring device 17 configured as an independent measuring device may include a second reference 23 as a physical component. The second reference 23 as a physical component may be a measuring instrument or a further component for analyzing, measuring or processing the electromagnetic radiation 1.

[0120] In this regard, if the measuring device 17 is implemented as a stand-alone measuring device, the measuring device 17 may include various frequency selective elements, and in particular the various frequency selective elements, either individually or in combination, may form the aforementioned second reference 23 as a physical component. Advantageously, the various frequency selective elements may include a resonator 25, further advantageously an atomic or molecular gas 27, or further advantageously a frequency or phase measuring instrument 29 of any configuration but adapted to function in the device 1000, in particular a wavemeter 31 or an interferometer 33.

[0121] In particular, the frequency stabilization described above may include the resonator 25, the atomic or molecular gas 27, or the frequency or phase measurement instrument 29, especially the wavemeter 31 or the interferometer 33.

[0122] Preferably, the measuring device 17 may be configured to generate a phase deviation signal 35 and/or a frequency deviation signal 37 by comparing the electromagnetic radiation 1, in particular a phase or frequency of the electromagnetic radiation 3, with the first reference 21 and/or the second reference 23. The second reference 23 may here include a characteristic frequency 39, such as a resonance frequency 41, e.g. of the resonator 25.

[0123] Advantageously, the phase deviation signal 35 and/or the frequency deviation signal 37 may be signals that may be proportional to a difference 43 between the electromagnetic radiation 1 and the first reference 21 or the second reference 23, in particular the difference 43 may be defined between the electromagnetic radiation 1 and the reference signal 23 or the characteristic frequency 39. Advantageously, the phase deviation signal 35 and/or the frequency deviation signal 37 may be signals that may be proportional to a difference 38, wherein the difference 38 may be defined by taking a difference between the electromagnetic radiation 1 and the first reference 21 and subtracting the difference between the electromagnetic radiation 1 and the first reference 21 from the reference 23. A signal that is proportional to the difference 38 may also be referred to as a first deviation signal 38. In one embodiment, a signal that is proportional to the difference 43 may be considered as the first deviation signal 38. The difference 38 and the difference 43 may be electromagnetic signals, each of which may include a frequency and a phase.

[0124] The reference signal 23 may include a frequency and/or phase, and the characteristic frequency 39 may also include a phase. A difference may also be obtained between the electromagnetic radiation 1 and a frequency dependent quantity 45 of the first reference 21 or the second reference 23. Since the phase deviation signal 35 and/or the frequency deviation signal 37 may include the difference 38, or in embodiments may include the difference 43, the phase deviation signal 35 and/or the frequency deviation signal 37 may be considered as the first deviation signal 38.

[0125] In a preferred embodiment, the measuring device may include a first input 47, a second input 49 and a first output 51. Here, the electromagnetic radiation 1 may be coupled into the first input 47, the reference signal 21 may be coupled into the second input 49, and the phase deviation signal 35 and/or the frequency deviation signal 37 may be output at the first output 51.

[0126] The phase deviation signal 35 and/or the frequency deviation signal 37 may be coupled into a third input 53 of a first controller 55. Depending on the form of the phase deviation signal 35 and/or the frequency deviation signal 37, the first controller 55 may generate at least one output signal 57 to control a control loop 59. Here, the output signal 57 may drive or control the manipulated variable 5, wherein the manipulated variable 5 may act on the optical oscillator 3 and thus act on the electromagnetic radiation 1, for adjusting the electromagnetic radiation 1. In particular, the controller 55 may generate the output signal 57 to control a further controller when the difference 43 indicates that the electromagnetic radiation 1 deviates from the reference 21, in particular the reference signal 21, or when the difference 43 indicates that the electromagnetic radiation 1 deviates from the reference 23, in particular the characteristic frequency 39. In an advantageous embodiment, the controller 55 may generate the output signal 57 to control a further controller when the difference 38 indicates that the difference between the electromagnetic radiation 1 and the first reference 21 deviates from the reference 23.

[0127] The electromagnetic radiation 1 need not exactly match a reference, but a deviation from a constant offset value of the electromagnetic radiation 1 with respect to the reference may also be considered. The controller 55 may generate at least the output signal 57 when the difference 43 indicates that the electromagnetic radiation 1 deviates from the reference 23, in particular from the characteristic frequency 39, or deviates from the reference 21. In one embodiment, the controller 55 may generate at least the output signal 57 when the difference 38 indicates that the difference between the electromagnetic radiation 1 and the first reference 21 deviates from the reference 23. In particular, this may be the case if the difference 43 indicates that the electromagnetic radiation 1 does not deviate from the reference 21, in particular does not deviate from the reference signal 21, or if the difference 43 indicates that the electromagnetic radiation 1 does not deviate from the reference 23, in particular does not deviate from the characteristic frequency 39. The output signal 57 may include a finite value, in particular include a finite amplitude, but the output signal 57 may also be zero. The output signal 57 may be an electromagnetic signal or may include a constant current or a constant voltage, wherein the constant current may also be 0 amperes or the constant voltage may also be 0 volts. The output signal 57 may be coupled into a demodulation unit 61. Further, a modulation unit 63 may be provided to generate a modulation signal 65. The modulation signal 65 may be provided to the demodulation unit 61 to generate, at a second output 69, a second signal 71 indicating a deviation from a fixed value 73. The second deviation signal 71 may be provided to a second controller 74, wherein the second controller 74 may generate an output signal 75 and the output signal 75 may control the second manipulated variable 7 together with the modulation signal 65. In particular, the second manipulated variable 7 may act on the optical oscillator 3 and may thus act on the electromagnetic radiation 1, for adjusting the electromagnetic radiation 1. In particular, the two manipulated variables 5 and 7 may act together on the optical oscillator 3 and may thus act on the electromagnetic radiation 1, for adjusting the electromagnetic radiation 1. Here, the manipulated variable 5 may include a reaction time, which may be different from the reaction time of the manipulated variable 7. Here, the reaction time may be a time that elapses between the controlling of a manipulated variable and the effect of the manipulated variable on the optical oscillator 3. The response time of the manipulated variable 5 may be longer than the response time of the manipulated variable 7. In one embodiment, the response time of the manipulated variable 7 may also be longer than the response time of the manipulated variable 5. In this case, for stabilizing the first electromagnetic radiation 1, the second deviation signal 71 may be regulated.

[0128] In one embodiment, which follows the general inventive idea described in its entirety herein, a ratio 77 obtained from controlling manipulated variables 5, 7, may be measured by a measuring device 79. A second deviation signal 81 may be generated from a deviation of the ratio 77 from a fixed value 83. The second deviation signal 81 may be coupled into the second controller 74 so that the second controller 74 may generate the output signal 75. The output signal 75, together with the modulation signal 65, may control the second manipulated variable 7. To stabilize the first electromagnetic radiation 1, the second deviation signal 71 may be adjusted or the ratio 77 may be adjusted.

[0129] The manipulated variables 5 and/or 7 may be arranged in the cavity 9, but may alternatively be arranged outside the cavity 9, as shown in FIG. 6. FIG. 6 shows a further preferred embodiment, which is formed by the device 5000. Here, the manipulated variable 5 may be arranged outside the cavity 9. A control section, i.e. the entire controller or parts of the controller, of the device 5000 may be configured as described above or below.

[0130] The manipulated variables or control elements 5 and/or 7 may include different components to act on the optical oscillator 3, e.g. a current 84 that may be provided to operate the semiconductor laser 13, a temperature controller 85 that may be arranged at the optical oscillator 3 or at least one actuator 87 that may be configured to deform the optical oscillator 3 mechanically, in particular to deform it slightly.

[0131] The actuator 87 may be configured to adjust an optical path length of the optical oscillator 3. The actuator 87 may be configured as an electro-optic modulator, wherein a voltage applied to the electro-optic modulator may be configured to act on the electro-optic modulator to adjust the optical path length of the optical oscillator 3.

[0132] FIG. 2 shows another preferred embodiment represented by the device 1500. The embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is based on the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, wherein the modulation signal 65 is coupled into the manipulated variable 7 and a second modulation signal 66 is coupled into the manipulated variable 5. The modulation signals 65 and 66 are characterized by signal characteristics in phase opposition to each other. An amplitude of the modulation signal 65 and an amplitude of the modulation signal 66 may be adjusted to set a target state of the electromagnetic radiation 1. In the target state, the electromagnetic radiation may be free of modulation. A phase of the modulation signal 65 and a phase of the modulation signal 66 may be adjusted to adjust a target state of the electromagnetic radiation 1. In the target state, the electromagnetic radiation may be free of modulation.

[0133] In FIG. 3 a further preferred embodiment is shown, which is obtained by the device 2000. In contrast to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the device 2000 is configured to couple the output signal 75 into the manipulated variable 5 for controlling the manipulated variable 5 and to couple the output signal 57 into the manipulated variable 7 for controlling the manipulated variable 7.

[0134] The output signal 75 may be coupled either into the manipulated variable 5 or into the manipulated variable 7 and the output signal 57 may be coupled into the respective other manipulated variable 5 or 7. It may also be the case that the output signal 75 and the output signal 57 are coupled into the manipulated variable 5 or it may be the case that the output signal 75 and the output signal 57 are coupled into the manipulated variable 7. The modulation signal 65 may be coupled into the manipulated variable 5 or into the manipulated variable 7. In this case, the manipulated variable 5 may have a response time that is longer than the response time of the manipulated variable 7. In one embodiment, however, the response time of the manipulated variable 7 may also be longer than the response time of the manipulated variable 5. The controller 55 may generate at least one output signal 57 that may be provided for the aforementioned control activity. In one embodiment, the controller may include at least two outputs for generating an output signal 57 and an output signal 58 that may be provided for the aforementioned control activity. The output signal 58 may be coupled into the manipulated variable 5 for controlling the manipulated variable 5, and the output signal 57 may be coupled into the manipulated variable 7 for controlling the manipulated variable 7. In one embodiment, the output signal 58 may be coupled into the manipulated variable 7 for controlling the manipulated variable 7, and the output signal 57 may be coupled into the manipulated variable 5 for controlling the manipulated variable 5.

[0135] In an embodiment, in which the manipulated variable 5 has a response time that is longer than the response time of the manipulated variable 7, and the output signal 58 is coupled into the manipulated variable 5 for controlling the manipulated variable 5 and the output signal 57 is coupled into the manipulated variable 7 for controlling the manipulated variable 7, the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 58 that has a greater amplitude than the output signal 57, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 58 that has a smaller frequency bandwidth than the output signal 57 than the output signal 57, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 58 that has a smaller frequency bandwidth than the output signal 57, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 58 that has a slower temporal change in amplitude and/or frequency and/or phase than the output signal 57.

[0136] In an embodiment, in which the manipulated variable 5 has a response time that is shorter than the response time of the manipulated variable 7, and the output signal 58 is coupled into the manipulated variable 5 for controlling the manipulated variable 5 and the output signal 57 is coupled into the manipulated variable 7 for controlling the manipulated variable 7, the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 58 that has a smaller amplitude than the output signal 57, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 58 that has a larger frequency bandwidth than the output signal 57, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 58 that has a faster temporal change in amplitude and/or frequency and/or phase than the output signal 57.

[0137] In an embodiment, in which the manipulated variable 5 has a response time that is longer than the response time of the manipulated variable 7, and the output signal 57 is coupled into the manipulated variable 5 for controlling the manipulated variable 5 and the output signal 58 is coupled into the manipulated variable 7 for controlling the manipulated variable 7, the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 57 that has a greater amplitude than the output signal 58, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 57 that has a smaller frequency bandwidth than the output signal 58, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 57 that has a slower temporal change in amplitude and/or frequency and/or phase than the output signal 58.

[0138] In an embodiment, in which the manipulated variable 5 has a response time that is shorter than the response time of the manipulated variable 7, and the output signal 57 is coupled into the manipulated variable 5 for controlling the manipulated variable 5 and the output signal 58 is coupled into the manipulated variable 7 for controlling the manipulated variable 7, the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 57 that has a smaller amplitude than the output signal 58, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 57 that has a larger frequency bandwidth than the output signal 58, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 57 that has a faster temporal change in amplitude and/or frequency and/or phase than the output signal 58.

[0139] The control sequences or components of the device 1000 already described above may also be provided in the device 2000. A control section, i.e., the entire controller or parts of the controller, of the device 2000 may be as described above or below.

[0140] In FIG. 4, a further preferred embodiment is shown, which is obtained by the device 3000. Here, a manipulated variable, e.g. the manipulated variable 7, may be controlled with the output signal 58. Furthermore, another manipulated variable, e.g. the manipulated variable 5, may be controlled with the second deviation signal 71 or 81, as well as with the output signal 57. The output signal 75 may be coupled either into the manipulated variable 5 or into the manipulated variable 7 and the output signal 57 may be coupled into the respective other manipulated variable 5 or 7. The control sequences or components of other embodiments already described above, in particular of the device 1000, may also be provided in the device 3000. A control section, i.e. the entire controller or parts of the controller, of the device 3000 may be as described above or below.

[0141] The output signal 58 is coupled into the demodulation unit 61. The modulation signal 65 generated by the modulation unit 63 is provided to the demodulation unit 61 to generate the second deviation signal 71 indicating a deviation from the fixed value 73 at the second output 69.

[0142] The output signal 58 is configured to control another control element, e.g. the manipulated variable 7, with a larger dynamic range in order to keep the output signal 57 in the center of its dynamic range.

[0143] The controller 55 may generate at least the output signal 57, which may be provided for the aforementioned control activity. In one embodiment, the controller may include at least two outputs for generating the output signal 57 and the output signal 58, which may be provided for the aforementioned control activity. In one embodiment, the output signal 58 may be coupled into the manipulated variable 5 for controlling the manipulated variable 5 and the output signal 57 may be coupled into the manipulated variable 7 for controlling the manipulated variable 7. In one embodiment, the output signal 58 may be coupled into the manipulated variable 7 for controlling the manipulated variable 7 and the output signal 57 may be coupled into the manipulated variable 5 for controlling the manipulated variable 5.

[0144] In an embodiment, in which the manipulated variable 5 has a response time that is longer than the response time of the manipulated variable 7, and the output signal 58 is coupled into the manipulated variable 5 for controlling the manipulated variable 5 and the output signal 57 is coupled into the manipulated variable 7 for controlling the manipulated variable 7, the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 58 that has a greater amplitude than the output signal 57, in particular the controller 55 may be controlled to generate an output signal 58 that has a smaller frequency bandwidth than the output signal 57, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 58 that has a smaller frequency bandwidth than the output signal 57, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 58 that has a slower temporal change in amplitude and/or frequency and/or phase than the output signal 57.

[0145] In an embodiment, in which the manipulated variable 5 has a response time that is shorter than the response time of the manipulated variable 7, and the output signal 58 is coupled into the manipulated variable 5 for controlling the manipulated variable 5 and the output signal 57 is coupled into the manipulated variable 7 for controlling the manipulated variable 7, the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 58 that has a smaller amplitude than the output signal 57, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 58 that has a larger frequency bandwidth than the output signal 57, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 58 that has a faster temporal change in amplitude and/or frequency and/or phase than the output signal 57.

[0146] In an embodiment, in which the manipulated variable 5 has a response time that is longer than the response time of the manipulated variable 7, and the output signal 57 is coupled into the manipulated variable 5 for controlling the manipulated variable 5 and the output signal 58 is coupled into the manipulated variable 7 for controlling the manipulated variable 7, the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 57 that has a greater amplitude than the output signal 58, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 57 that has a smaller frequency bandwidth than the output signal 58, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 57 that has a smaller frequency bandwidth than the output signal 58, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 57 that has a slower temporal change in amplitude and/or frequency and/or phase than the output signal 58.

[0147] In an embodiment, in which the manipulated variable 5 has a response time that is shorter than the response time of the manipulated variable 7, and the output signal 57 is coupled into the manipulated variable 5 for controlling the manipulated variable 5 and the output signal 58 is coupled into the manipulated variable 7 for controlling the manipulated variable 7, the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 57 that has a smaller amplitude than the output signal 58, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 57 that has a larger frequency bandwidth than the output signal 58, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 57 that has a faster temporal change in amplitude and/or frequency and/or phase than the output signal 58.

[0148] FIG. 5 shows another preferred embodiment implemented by the device 4000. Here, a third manipulated variable 89 may be provided such that the device 4000 includes three manipulated variables 5, 7, 89. The control sequences or components of other embodiments already described above, in particular of the device 1000, may also be provided in the device 4000. A control section, i.e. the entire controller or parts of the controller, of the device 4000 may be as described above or below. The modulation signal 65 may be coupled into the third manipulated variable 89, and the output signal 75 may be coupled into the manipulated variable 7. The output signal 57 may be coupled into the manipulated variable 5 or 89. The output signal 58 may be coupled into the manipulated variable 5 or 89. In particular, the three manipulated variables 5, 7, 89 may affect together the optical oscillator 3 and may thus have an effect on the electromagnetic radiation 1, for adjusting the electromagnetic radiation 1. However, the three manipulated variables 5, 7, 89 may also affect, individually or in combination of two manipulated variables, on the optical oscillator 3 and may thus have an effect on the electromagnetic radiation 1, for adjusting the electromagnetic radiation 1.

[0149] The controller 55 may generate at least one output signal 57, which may be provided for the aforementioned control activity. In one embodiment, the controller may include at least two outputs for generating an output signal 57 and an output signal 58 that may be provided for the aforementioned control activity. The output signal 58 may be coupled into the manipulated variable 5 for controlling the manipulated variable 5, and the output signal 57 may be coupled into the manipulated variable 89 for controlling the manipulated variable 89. In one embodiment, the output signal 58 may be coupled into the manipulated variable 89 for controlling the manipulated variable 89, and the output signal 57 may be coupled into the manipulated variable 5 for controlling the manipulated variable 5.

[0150] In an embodiment, in which the manipulated variable 5 has a response time that is longer than the response time of the manipulated variable 89, and the output signal 58 is coupled into the manipulated variable 5 for controlling the manipulated variable 5 and the output signal 57 is coupled into the manipulated variable 89 for controlling the manipulated variable 89, the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 58 that has a greater amplitude than the output signal 57, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 58 that has a smaller frequency bandwidth than the output signal 57, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 58 that has a smaller frequency bandwidth than the output signal 57, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 58 that has a slower temporal change in amplitude and/or frequency and/or phase than the output signal 57.

[0151] In an embodiment, in which the manipulated variable 5 has a response time that is shorter than the response time of the manipulated variable 89, and the output signal 58 is coupled into the manipulated variable 5 for controlling the manipulated variable 5 and the output signal 57 is coupled into the manipulated variable 89 for controlling the manipulated variable 89, the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 58 that has a smaller amplitude than the output signal 57, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 58 that has a larger frequency bandwidth than the output signal 57, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 58 that has a faster temporal change in amplitude and/or frequency and/or phase than the output signal 57.

[0152] In an embodiment, in which the manipulated variable 5 has a response time that is longer than the response time of the manipulated variable 89, and the output signal 57 is coupled into the manipulated variable 5 for controlling the manipulated variable 5 and the output signal 58 is coupled into the manipulated variable 89 for controlling the manipulated variable 89, the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 57 that has a greater amplitude than the output signal 58, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 57 that has a smaller frequency bandwidth than the output signal 58, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 57 that has a smaller frequency bandwidth than the output signal 58, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 57 that has a slower temporal change in amplitude and/or frequency and/or phase than the output signal 58.

[0153] In an embodiment, in which the manipulated variable 5 has a response time that is shorter than the response time of the manipulated variable 89, and the output signal 57 is coupled into the manipulated variable 5 for controlling the manipulated variable 5 and the output signal 58 is coupled into the manipulated variable 89 for controlling the manipulated variable 89, the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 57 that has a smaller amplitude than the output signal 58, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 57 that has a larger frequency bandwidth than the output signal 58, in particular the controller 55 may be configured to generate an output signal 57 that has a faster temporal change in amplitude and/or frequency and/or phase than the output signal 58.

[0154] FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the optical oscillator 3, wherein the optical oscillator 3 may include the first manipulated variable 5 as well as the second manipulated variable 7, but may also include further manipulated variables, such as the third manipulated variable 89 already described above (not shown in FIG. 7). Furthermore, the optical oscillator 3 may be enclosed by the cavity 9, wherein the cavity 9 may have a length 11. Here, each component of the optical oscillator 3 may be used independently of the other components of the optical oscillator 3, in combination with the optical oscillator 3. However, more than one of the components may also be used together with the optical oscillator 3. Further components of the optical oscillator 3 shown in FIG. 7 will now be described in connection with the device 6000 shown in FIG. 8. The components of the optical oscillator 3 shown in FIG. 7 may be used in any optical oscillator 3 of the embodiments described herein, particularly in optical oscillators 3 of the embodiments shown in FIG. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 9.

[0155] In FIG. 8, there is shown an advantageous device 6000 according to the invention for stabilizing electromagnetic radiation 1 from the optical oscillator 3, which may enable an advantageous method according to the invention for stabilizing electromagnetic radiation 1 from the optical oscillator 3. The optical oscillator 3 shown in FIG. 8 is shown in a simplified embodiment, with the detailed embodiment of the optical oscillator 3 being shown in FIG. 7. However, the term detailed is not to be interpreted so as to mean that the optical oscillator shown in FIG. 7 could not be expanded to include additional components, such as additional manipulated variables. The advantageous device 6000 includes additional components, and the components may also be provided in the devices 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, as well as 5000, and may be combined with the devices 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, as well as 5000 in a modular fashion. For example, the semiconductor laser 13 may include additional components and/or one or more filters may be provided in the cavity 9. This will now be described in further detail below.

[0156] Here, the optical oscillator 3 may in particular be a laser. The optical oscillator 3 may be arranged in the device 6000 according to the invention to generate the electromagnetic radiation 1. Here, the optical oscillator 3 may further include the semiconductor laser 13, wherein the semiconductor laser 13 may include a first surface 91 and a second surface 93, and the semiconductor laser 13 may be arranged within the cavity 9. Adjacent to the first surface 91 of the semiconductor laser 13, an adjustable wavelength filter 95 may further be disposed, wherein the wavelength filter may also be disposed within the cavity 9.

[0157] The adjustable wavelength filter 95 may be a volume holographic Bragg grating (VHBG), wherein the adjustable wavelength filter 95 may be configured to select at least one wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation 1. A selection of the at least one wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation 1 may be achieved by tilting the wavelength filter 95 with respect to a propagation direction of the electromagnetic radiation 1. In one embodiment, selecting the at least one wavelength of electromagnetic radiation 1 may be achieved by controlling the temperature of the wavelength filter 95. In this regard, an expansion or a contraction of the wavelength filter 95 may be achieved by heating or cooling the wavelength filter 95, thereby creating a transmission or reflection property for an electromagnetic radiation 1 of a selected wavelength or a selected wavelength continuum, wherein the electromagnetic radiation of a selected wavelength or a selected wavelength continuum may at least partially penetrate the wavelength filter 95 or is at least partially reflected by the wavelength filter 95. In an advantageous embodiment, a wavelength filter 95 may be tilted with respect to a propagation direction of the electromagnetic radiation 1 in order to create a particularly advantageous alternative to achieve a selection of the at least one wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation 1. A temperature of the wavelength filter 95 may be controlled.

[0158] Alternatively, the adjustable wavelength filter 95 may be configured as a frequency selective grating, wherein selection of the at least one wavelength of electromagnetic radiation 1 may be achieved by a tilted frequency selective grating that is tilted with respect to the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic radiation 1.

[0159] In an alternative embodiment, the adjustable wavelength filter 95 may be implemented as a dielectric filter, wherein selecting the at least one wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation 1 may be achieved by an optical path length of the dielectric filter in a longitudinal direction with respect to the propagation direction of the electromagnetic radiation 1, wherein further selecting the at least one wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation 1 may be achieved by a dielectric filter tilted with respect to a propagation direction of the electromagnetic radiation 1. The optical path length of the dielectric filter may be obtained by means of tilting or by changing the temperature of the dielectric filter. In particular, however, the optical path length of the dielectric filter may also be changed by changing a temperature of the dielectric filter, which may cause the dielectric filter to expand or contract, and thus the optical path length of the dielectric filter may be changed in a longitudinal direction with respect to the propagation direction of the electromagnetic radiation 1. In particular, not only the optical path length of the dielectric filter may be changed by varying the temperature, but also optical path lengths of the aforementioned adjustable wavelength filters.

[0160] An actuator 97 may be disposed adjacent to the adjustable wavelength filter 95, and the actuator 97 may also be disposed in the cavity 9. In particular, the cavity 9 or the optical oscillator 3 may be bounded by a first surface 99 and a second surface 101. Here, the first surface 99 of the cavity 9 and/or the second surface 101 of the cavity 9 may be coupled to the actuator 97, wherein in the advantageous embodiment of FIG. 8, only the first surface 99 of the cavity 9 is coupled to the actuator 97.

[0161] Furthermore, the first manipulated variable 5 may be an electric current, in particular a change of an electric current, wherein the semiconductor laser 13 may be electronically pumped by this electric current. A change in the absolute value of the electric current, which may be provided to pump the semiconductor laser 13, may lead to a shortening or a lengthening of the at least one wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation 1. However, the manipulated variable 5 may also be understood as an externally adjustable current source, in particular a driver, wherein the manipulated variable 5 may be coupled to the semiconductor laser 13. In particular, the actuator 97 may be based on a piezoelectric effect, wherein the piezoelectric effect may be activated by a voltage applied to the actuator 97 from the outside. In this case, therefore, the manipulated variable 7 may be a voltage source, for example a voltage power supply, configured to apply a voltage to the actuator 97. However, the actuator 97 may also be an electro-optical modulator. In this case, the electro-optical modulator may be an optical device based on an electro-optical effect, wherein the electro-optical effect may enable, by a signal applied from outside to the electro-optical modulator, to act on an amplitude or a phase of the electromagnetic radiation 1. In this embodiment, the manipulated variable 7 would be represented by the signalling element for controlling the electro-optical modulator.

[0162] Furthermore, a comparison unit 103 may be provided in the device 6000 according to the invention, wherein the comparison unit 103 may further include a wavelength converter 105 and a wavelength comparator 107. The comparison unit 103 may typically include a first input 105 for coupling the electromagnetic radiation 1 into the comparison unit 103. Further, the comparison unit 103 may include a second input 107 to couple an electromagnetic radiation 109 from a first reference source 111 into the comparison unit 103. Further, the comparison unit 103 may include a third input 113 to couple in an electromagnetic radiation 115 of a second reference source 117. Finally, the comparison unit 103 may include a first output 119, from which the phase deviation signal 35 and/or the frequency deviation signal 37 may be coupled out. Here, the phase deviation signal 35 may be generated by the phase detector already described above. Furthermore, the frequency deviation signal 37 may be generated by the analog mixer already described above.

[0163] An input 121 may be configured to receive the phase deviation signal 35 and/or the frequency deviation signal 37, wherein the input 121 may forward the phase deviation signal 35 and/or the frequency deviation signal 37 to a first controller 123 and/or to a second controller 125. Further, a control unit 127 may be provided to control the first controller 123 and/or the second controller 125. Further, a first superposition unit 129 may be configured to receive an output signal 131 from the second controller 125.

[0164] Furthermore, the first superposition unit 129 may be configured to couple the output signal 131 of the second controller 125 into the second manipulated variable 7. Thus, in particular, the actuator 97 may be configured to be controlled by the second controller 125 by receiving the output signal 131 of the second controller 125 from the manipulated variable 7, with the manipulated variable 7 in turn controlling the actuator 97. A second superposition unit 133 may be configured to receive an output signal 135 of the first controller 123. Here, the first manipulated variable 5 may be configured to receive the output signal 135 of the first controller 123 via the first superposition unit 133. Thus, the semiconductor laser 13 may be controlled by the output signal 135 of the first controller 123 in that the output signal 135 of the first controller 123 controls the manipulated variable 5 via the first superposition unit 133, wherein the manipulated variable 5 may control the semiconductor laser 13.

[0165] Further, a demodulation unit 137 may be provided, which may be further configured to receive the output signal 135 of the first controller 123. Further, a modulation unit 139 may be provided, which may be configured to generate a modulation 141, wherein the modulation 141 may be a time varying signal. In particular, the first superposition unit 129 may be configured to receive the modulation 141. Advantageously, the first superposition unit 129 may be configured to generate a superposition 143, wherein the superposition 143 may be generated by the first superposition unit 129 from the modulation 141 and the output signal 131 of the second controller 125. In particular, the second manipulated variable 7 is configured to receive the superposition 143. In particular, therefore, the actuator 97 may be controlled by the second manipulated variable 7 through the superposition 143.

[0166] Further, the demodulation unit 137 may be configured to receive the modulation 141 from the modulation unit 139. Here, the demodulation unit 137 may generate a demodulation signal 145 from a fixed value 146. Further, the device 6000 may include a third controller 147, which may be configured to be controlled by the demodulation signal 145. Further, the third controller 147 may be configured to generate an output signal 149. Finally, the second superposition unit 133 may be configured to receive the output signal 149 from the third controller 147. In particular, the second superposition unit 133 may be configured to generate a second superposition 151, wherein the second superposition 151 may be a superposition of the output signal 149 of the third controller 147 and the output signal 135 of the first controller 123.

[0167] In particular, the first manipulated variable 5 may be configured to be controlled by the second superposition 151. The semiconductor laser 13 may thus be controlled by the second superposition 151 via the manipulated variable 5.

[0168] Advantageously, a temperature element 153 may be provided in the device 6000 according to the invention, wherein the temperature element 153 may be coupled to the cavity 9, in particular the temperature element 153 may be coupled to an outer wall of the cavity 9. In this way, the cavity 9 may be heated to achieve a change in the length 11 of the cavity 9 by means of a thermal expansion. By this, the at least one wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation 1 may be adjusted. In particular, by heating the cavity 9 by the temperature element 153 towards a temperature of the cavity 9, which may be above a room temperature, a temperature stabilization of the cavity 9 may be achieved and thus a temperature stabilization of the optical oscillator 3 may be achieved. The temperature element 153 may also include a Peltier element, wherein it would be feasible to cool the cavity 7 to achieve a change in the length 11 of the cavity 9 by means of thermal contraction. The temperature element 153 may represent another manipulated variable/control element and may be controlled by the controller 123 or 125, although this is not explicitly shown in FIG. 8 or 9. The adjustable wavelength filter 95 may represent another manipulated variable and may be controlled by the controller 123 or 125, although this is not explicitly shown in FIG. 8 or 9.

[0169] In this case, in order to stabilize the first electromagnetic radiation 1, the demodulation signal 145 may be controlled. The demodulation signal 145 may be a deviation signal from the fixed value 146.

[0170] FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment of the device according to the invention for stabilizing electromagnetic radiation 1 from the optical oscillator 3. This embodiment is implemented by the device 7000 shown. To arrive at the advantageous embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the advantageous device 6000 according to the invention of FIG. 8 may be modified, wherein a modification of the advantageous device 6000 according to the invention of FIG. 8 may include the device 6000 of FIG. 8 without the second controller 123 and without the output signal 131 and may further include a diode driver 155, wherein the diode driver 155 may be configured to generate an output signal 157, wherein the output signal 157 may include a voltage and/or a current, wherein advantageously the output signal 157 of the diode driver 155 may include a voltage pulse and/or a current pulse, and wherein the modification may further include the superposition unit 129, wherein the superposition unit 129 may be configured to superpose the modulation 141 with the output signal 149 of the third controller 147, to generate at least a first superposition 143, rather than the second superposition unit 133 being adapted to superpose the output signal 135 of the first controller 123 with the output signal 149 of the third controller 147 to generate the second superposition 151, wherein the modification may further include the second superposition unit 133, wherein the second superposition unit 133 may be configured to superpose the output signal 157 of the diode driver 155 with the output signal 135 of the first controller 123 to generate the second superposition 151 for controlling the at least one first manipulated variable 5 of the optical oscillator 3.

[0171] Thus, the device 6000 according to the invention for stabilizing the electromagnetic radiation 1 of the optical oscillator 3, in particular of the laser, shown in FIG. 8 and described above may be used to perform the advantageous method according to the invention for stabilizing the electromagnetic radiation 1 of the optical oscillator 3, in particular of the laser.

[0172] In particular, the aforementioned method may include generating the electromagnetic radiation 1 with the semiconductor laser 13, wherein first the electromagnetic radiation 1 may be excited in the cavity 9 and the at least one wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation 1 may be selected by means of the adjustable wavelength filter 95 arranged in the cavity 9. Further, the electromagnetic radiation 1 may be coupled out of the first surface 99 that is partially transparent to the electromagnetic radiation 1 for generating the phase deviation signal 35 and/or the frequency deviation signal 37.

[0173] For this purpose, the electromagnetic radiation 1 may first be coupled into the comparison unit 103, wherein further the electromagnetic radiation 109 of the first reference source 111 may also be coupled into the comparison unit 103 for generating at least one frequency difference between at least one frequency of the electromagnetic radiation 1 and at least one frequency of the electromagnetic radiation 109 of the first reference source 111. The generation of the at least one frequency difference between the at least one frequency of the electromagnetic radiation 1 and the at least one frequency of the electromagnetic radiation 109 of the first reference source 111 may advantageously be enabled by the wavelength converter 105, wherein the wavelength converter 105 may in particular be an analog mixer. For generating the frequency deviation signal 37, the wavelength comparator 107 may be used, wherein when generating the frequency deviation signal 37 by the wavelength comparator 107, the wavelength comparator 107 may also be an analog mixer. For this purpose, the wavelength comparator or the analog mixer 107 may generate a further frequency difference between, on the one hand, the frequency difference between the at least one frequency of the electromagnetic radiation 1 and the at least one frequency of the electromagnetic radiation 109 of the first reference source 111 and, on the other hand, the at least one frequency of the electromagnetic radiation 115 of the second reference source 117. Finally, the aforementioned further frequency difference between, on the one hand, the frequency difference between the at least one frequency of the electromagnetic radiation 1 and the at least one frequency of the electromagnetic radiation 109 of the first reference source 111 and, on the other hand, the at least one frequency of the electromagnetic radiation 115 of the second reference source 117 may represent the frequency deviation signal 37. The phase deviation signal 35 may be generated essentially in the same way as the frequency deviation signal 37, but now the wavelength comparator 107 may be the digital phase detector already described above.

[0174] If the controllers 123 and 125 are now controlled by the phase deviation signal 35 and/or the frequency deviation signal 37, the controller 123 may generate the output signal 135 and/or the controller 125 may generate the output signal 131, for obtaining the superposition 151 and/or the superposition 143, wherein further the superposition 143 and/or the superposition 151 may be generated by a functionality of the above described device 6000, 7000 for stabilizing the electromagnetic radiation 1. The superposition 143 may control the manipulated variable 7 whereas the superposition 151 may control the manipulated variable 5. Hereby, it may be feasible to adjust the actuator 97 and/or the semiconductor laser 13 either individually or simultaneously, since the manipulated variable 5 may be connected to the semiconductor laser 13 and/or the manipulated variable 7 may be connected to the actuator 97.

[0175] Advantageously, a control unit 127 may further be provided for controlling a ratio between controlling the second manipulated variable 7 and controlling the first manipulated variable 5. In particular, the control unit 127 may control the first controller 123 and/or the second controller 125. For this purpose, the control unit 127 may include a feedback loop, wherein the feedback loop of the control unit 127 may be configured to minimize the phase deviation signal 35 and/or the frequency deviation signal 37 or to control it to at least a fixed value of the phase deviation signal 35 and/or to control it to at least a fixed value of the frequency deviation signal 37. To this end, the phase deviation signal 35 and/or the frequency deviation signal 37 may be measured by the control unit 127. Further, the control unit 127 may control the first controller 123 and/or the second controller 125, for minimizing the phase deviation signal 35 and/or the frequency deviation signal 37 or for controlling the phase deviation signal 35 and/or the frequency deviation signal 37 to a fixed value.

[0176] Furthermore, the further embodiment of the device 7000 according to the invention for stabilizing the electromagnetic radiation 1 of the optical oscillator 3, in particular the laser, shown in FIG. 9 and described above may be used to carry out an embodiment according to the invention of a method for stabilizing the electromagnetic radiation 1 of the optical oscillator 3, in particular the laser.

[0177] In this regard, the method according to the invention that may be performed by using the device 6000 shown in FIG. 8 may be modified so as to arrive at the method that may be performed by using the embodiment of the device 7000 shown in FIG. 9. Here, a modification of the method according to the invention may include deactivating the second controller 125, for turning off the output signal 131, and providing a diode driver 155, and superimposing the modulation 141 on the output signal 149 of the third controller 147, for generating the first superposition 143, instead of superimposing the output signal 149 of the third controller 147 on the output signal 135 of the first controller 123, for generating the second superposition 151, wherein further an output signal 157 of the diode driver 155 may be superimposed with the output signal 135 of the first controller 123, for generating the second superimposition 151, for controlling the at least one first manipulated variable 5 of the optical oscillator 3, wherein the output signal 157 of the diode driver 155 may include a voltage and/or a current, advantageously the output signal 157 of the diode driver 155 may include a voltage pulse and/or a current pulse.

[0178] However, the process steps already described above are otherwise also applicable to the further embodiment of the device 7000 shown in FIG. 9.

[0179] In both the device 6000 shown in FIG. 8 and the embodiment of the device 7000 shown in FIG. 9, at least the actuator 97 may be provided for increasing a dynamic range of the control in that at least the actuator 97 may be provided for realizing a large frequency and/or phase deviation.

[0180] The devices shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 may include components, particularly electronic components, that include analog circuit components, although the components may also include digital circuit components. Similarly, the components may include both analog and digital circuit components. Similarly, analog circuit components may be substituted for digital circuit components, or conversely, digital circuit components may be substituted for analog circuit components. On the one hand, this may enable suppression of noise in the aforementioned control activity to enable a reliable control activity with the device. Thus, in addition to the wavelength comparator 107, which may be implemented as a digital phase detector, the wavelength converter 105 may also be implemented as a digital mixer instead of an analog mixer. The wavelength comparator 107 as well as the wavelength converter 105 may thus be implemented as fully digital circuits and may be implemented, for example, by means of logic on a single chip, e.g., on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) chip. Thus, except for the manipulated variables 5 as well as 7 and the optical oscillator 3, the aforementioned control regime may be realized by means of an FPGA chip. However, a logic on the FPGA chip may provide output signals to control or regulate the manipulated variables 5 as well as 7. However, the manipulated variables 5 as well as 7, may also be provided in such a way that they may also be provided by means of the logic on the FPGA chip. The FPGA chip may further include circuitry, wherein the circuitry may provide optical interfaces so that electromagnetic radiation 107 from the first reference source 111 may be coupled into the FPGA chip and also electromagnetic radiation 1 from the optical oscillator 3 may be coupled into the FPGA chip. For example, the second reference source 117 may be a voltage controlled oscillator. The aforementioned control regime is not limited to a semiconductor laser, but to any oscillator that includes a controllable output signal or that provides another controllable signal to be stabilized.