MOBILE CRANE HAVING A GUYED TELESCOPIC BOOM

Abstract

The invention relates to a mobile crane having a telescopic boom that is luffably coupled to a superstructure and that comprises a coupling section and at least one telescopic section supported therein in a retractable and extendable manner. At least one guying support is fastened to the coupling section and is connected to the coupling section or to the superstructure via a first guying and to a connection piece at a telescopic section via a second guying. In accordance with the invention, the second guying comprises at least two guying elements coupled with one another. The second guying is thereby adjustable in length and is thus adaptable to the extension length of the telescopic boom such that at least one of the mutually coupled guying elements is directly releasably connectable to the guying support. The invention further relates to a guying system for a mobile crane in accordance with the invention, to a method of moving a mobile crane in accordance with the invention into a guyed work position, and to a method of varying the extension length of the guyed telescopic boom of a mobile crane in accordance with the invention.

Claims

1. A mobile crane (10) having a telescopic boom (16) that is luffably coupled with a superstructure (14) and comprises a coupling section (16a) and at least one telescopic section (16b) that can be retracted and extended therein, wherein at least one guying support (24) is fastened to the coupling section (16a) and is connected via a first guying (21) to the coupling section (16a) or superstructure (14) and via a second guying (22) to a connection piece at a telescopic section (16b), and the second guying (22) comprises at least two guying elements (30, 32, 34) coupled with one another, and is thereby adjustable in length, and adaptable to the extension length of the telescopic boom (16), such that at least one of the mutually coupled guying elements (30, 32) is directly releasably connectable to the guying support (24).

2. A mobile crane (10) in accordance with claim 1, wherein at least one guying element (30, 32, 34) is configured as a guy rod that preferably comprises a joint (31), that enables a folding together of the guy rod (30, 32, 34), between its two ends, in particular in the middle region.

3. A mobile crane (10) in accordance with claim 1, wherein a first guying element (3) is permanently coupled with the connection piece in crane operation .

4. A mobile crane (10) in accordance with claim 1, wherein at least two guying elements (30, 32, 34), and preferably all of them, have different lengths.

5. A mobile crane (10) in accordance with claim 1, wherein a guide rope (40) is provided that runs from the guying support (24) to the connection piece or first guying element (30) coupled to the connection piece and is in particular supported on a guide rope winch (42) at or in the guying support (42) in a manner to be wound up and down; at least one guying element (30, 32, 34) and in particular all the guying elements (30, 32, 34) are connected to the guide rope (40); and at least one guying element (32) is preferably displaceably suspended on the guide rope (40).

6. A mobile crane (10) in accordance with claim 1, wherein the guying support (24) comprises a holding device having a movable holding element (26) movable by an actuator (25) from a holding position in which the holding element (26) fixes guying elements (30, 32, 34) not used for guying in guying operation and in particular folded together at the guying support 24 into a release position in which a placement, in particular a folding together, of guying elements (30, 32, 34) not to be used for guying and a picking up, in particular a folding apart, of guying elements (30, 32, 34) to be used for guying is released and vice versa.

7. A mobile crane (10) in accordance with claim 1, wherein the guying support (24) comprises a guide and support device (28) on which guying elements (30, 32 34) not used for guying and in particular folded together are supportable and in particular fixable in guying operation.

8. A mobile crane (10) in accordance with claim 1, wherein the guying support (24) is fastened in an articulated manner to the coupling section (16a) and is preferably pivotable by means of an actuator, in particular a hydraulic tip cylinder.

9. A mobile crane (10) in accordance with claim 1, wherein the first guying (21) comprises a length variable element (50), in particular a hydraulic tensioning cylinder, by which the length of the first guying (21) is variable, with the length variable element (50) preferably being controllable on the basis of a measurement of length, pressure, and/or tension such that a defined preload is set in the first and/or second guyings (21, 22).

10. A mobile crane (10) in accordance with claim 1, wherein two guying supports (24) are fastened to the coupling section (16a) by a respective first and second guyings (21, 22), with the guying (21, 22) in particular forming a spatial Y guying.

11. A mobile crane (10) in accordance with claim 1, comprising at least one guying support (24) that can be installed at a telescopic boom (16) of the mobile crane (10), a first guying (21) for connecting the guying support (24) to a coupling section (16a) or superstructure (14) of the mobile crane (10), and a second guying (22) for connecting the guying support (24) to a connection piece at a telescopic section (16b) of the telescopic boom (16).

12. A method of moving a mobile crane (10) in accordance with claim 1 into a guyed work position, comprising the steps: providing the telescopic boom (16) in a telescoped in state and providing the guying support (24), in particular as an installation unit together with the second guying (22) connected to the guying support (24) in a transport position; installing the guying support (24) at the coupling section (16a) of the telescopic boom (16), preferably together with the second guying (22) located in the transport position; connecting the first guying (21) to the superstructure (14) or coupling section (16a) and to the guying support (24); connecting a first guying element (30) of the second guying (22) to the connection piece of the telescopic boom (16), with one of the guying elements (30, 32), preferably the first guying element (30) being releasably directly connected to the guying support (24): releasing the releasable connection between said guying element (30, 32) and the guying support (24), with the telescopic boom (16) preferably being luffed up beforehand; telescoping out the telescopic boom (16) to a desired extension length, with at least one guying element (30, 32) here moving away from a holding device of the guying support (24) and in particular folding apart in so doing; and establishing a releasable connection of a further guying element (32) to the guying support (24).

13. A method of varying the extension length of the telescopic boom (16) of a mobile crane (10) in accordance with claim 1 comprising the steps: luffing up the telescopic boom (16), with one of the guying elements (30, 32) being releasably connected to the guying support (24); releasing the releasable connection between said guying element (30, 32) and the guying support (24); telescoping out or in the telescopic boom (16) to a desired extension onto the holding device of the guying support (24); and establishing a releasable connection of a guying element (30, 32) not located in or at the holding device to the guying length, with at least one guying element (30, 32) here moving away from a holding device of the guying support (24) or at least one guying element (30, 32) moving into or on the holding device of the guying support (24).

14. A method in accordance with claim 12, wherein the guying support (24) is pivoted forwardly in the direction of the connection piece to release the releasable connection and rearwardly in the direction of the superstructure (14) to establish the releasable connection, with the guying support (24) preferably being pressed rearwardly after the establishing of the releasable connection such that a defined preload is set in the second guying (22).

15. A method in accordance with claim 12, wherein the first guying (21) comprises a length variable element (50), in particular a hydraulic tensioning cylinder, by which the length of the first guying (21) is variable, with the length variable element (50) preferably being controllable on the basis of a measurement of length, pressure, and/or tension such that a defined preload is set in the first and/or second guyings (21, 22), and the guying support (24) is pivoted to the front or rear by actuation of the length variable element (50), with the length variable element (50) preferably being controlled such that a defined preload is set in the first guying and/or second guying (20, 21).

16. A mobile crane (10) in accordance with claim 2, wherein a first guying element (3) is permanently coupled with the connection piece in crane operation and is configured as a guy rope piece with a fixed length or as a guy rod.

17. A mobile crane (10) in accordance with claim 16, wherein at least two guying elements (30, 32, 34), and preferably all of them, have different lengths.

18. A mobile crane (10) in accordance with claim 3, wherein at least two guying elements (30, 32, 34), and preferably all of them, have different lengths.

19. A mobile crane (10) in accordance with claim 2, wherein at least two guying elements (30, 32, 34), and preferably all of them, have different lengths.

20. A mobile crane (10) in accordance with claim 17, wherein a guide rope (40) is provided that runs from the guying support (24) to the connection piece or first guying element (30) coupled to the connection piece and is in particular supported on a guide rope winch (42) at or in the guying support (42) in a manner to be wound up and down; at least one guying element (30, 32, 34) and in particular all the guying elements (30, 32, 34) are connected to the guide rope (40); and at least one guying element (32) is preferably displaceably suspended on the guide rope (40).

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0065] Further features, details, and advantages of the invention result from the embodiments explained in the following with reference to the Figures. There are shown:

[0066] FIG. 1: a mobile crane known from the prior art with Y guying in a side view;

[0067] FIG. 2: an embodiment of the mobile crane in accordance with the invention in a superposed side view of two extension positions of the telescopic boom;

[0068] FIG. 3: a schematic side view of the guyed telescopic boom;

[0069] FIG. 4: different positions and extension lengths of the telescopic boom and of the guying support with different lengths of the second guying in a superposed, schematic side view;

[0070] FIG. 5: a schematic side sectional view through the guying support;

[0071] FIGS. 6 - 7: perspective views of the holding device of the guying support with a closed and an open holding element, with some parts being hidden;

[0072] FIG. 8: a side view of the holding element with guying elements supported in the holding device;

[0073] FIG. 9 a perspective view of the holding element with guying elements supported in the holding device;

[0074] FIG. 10 a further perspective view of the holding element with guying elements supported in the holding device, with some parts being hidden;

[0075] FIG. 11 a side sectional view of the holding element with guying elements supported in the holding device, with some parts being hidden;

[0076] FIG. 12: a perspective view of the center joint of a guying element in the folded together state;

[0077] FIG. 13: a schematic plan view of the last guying element; and

[0078] FIG. 14: a plan view of the boom head of the telescopic boom with an adapter piece installed thereon, with the right half of the drawing showing the telescopic boom in the telescoped out state and the left half showing the telescopic boom in the telescoped in state.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0079] An example of a mobile crane 10′ known from the prior art is shown in a side view in FIG. 1. The mobile crane 10′ comprises a travelable undercarriage 12, a superstructure 14 rotatably supported thereon about a vertical axis, and a telescopic boom 16 coupled luffably about a horizontal axis with the superstructure 14. Said telescopic boom 16 comprises a coupling section 16a supported at the superstructure 14 in an articulated manner and a plurality of telescopic sections 16b that can be telescoped in and out therein. The telescopic boom 16 is luffable up and down by means of one or more hydraulic luffing rams 15.

[0080] The telescopic boom 16 is guyed by means of a spatial Y guying that comprises two guying supports 24′ projecting from the telescopic boom 16 and spread open in V shape. Only one of the guying supports 24′ can be seen in FIG. 1 due to the perspective. In the following, for reasons of simplicity, reference is made to only one of the two guying supports 24′, with the following statements naturally also applying to the other guying support 24′ and to the corresponding guying strand. A first guying 21′ comprises a plurality of guy rods and connects the guying support 24′ to a boom base of the coupling section 16a. The guying support 24′ is connected to a connection piece at the boom head 17 via a length variable second guying 22′. In the example shown, a hoist rope having a hook block fastened thereto for lifting a load is fastened via the boom head 17.

[0081] The second guying 22′ comprises a guy rope that is supported on a guying winch 23′ arranged at or in the guying support 24′ in a manner able to be reeled up and down. The guying support 24′ can be erected by means of a hydraulic tip cylinder from a transport position or a placement position contacting the boom 16. If the telescopic boom 16 is extended, the guying winch 23′ correspondingly reels off guy rope length. Conversely on the telescoping in.

[0082] With such a mobile crane 10′, the installation of the guying can take place as follows: The guy rods of the first guying 21′ are first connected to the boom base, then the guying support 24′ is erected with the aid of the tip cylinder, and the guy rope of the second guying 22′ is fastened to the boom head 17. The tip cylinder is also always under pressure during the crane work and presses the guying support 34′ toward the guy rods of the first guying 21′. Once the telescopic boom 16 has been telescoped out to its desired length, it is preloaded via the guying winch 23′. This can take place via a specific force via the guying winch 23′ (force controlled) or over a certain length of the guy rope (length controlled). This as a rule takes place via an angle of rotation measurement of the guying winch 23′.

[0083] To avoid the initially named disadvantages of such a rope based guying, in the mobile crane 10 in accordance with the invention the guy rope of the second guying 22′ is replaced with guying elements that are coupled with one another and that remain connected to one another during the entire guyed crane operation, i.e. during guying operation. The length of the second guying 22 can be varied in accordance with the invention in that, in dependence on the desired length, one of the mutually coupled guying elements is releasably connectable to the guying support 24.

[0084] FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the mobile crane 10 in accordance with the invention in a side view with here two different extension lengths of the telescopic boom 16 being graphically superposed on one another. The same reference numerals as in FIG. 1 designate the same components here so that a repeat description will be dispensed with. Components that differ from the prior art in accordance with FIG. 1 are marked by the same number, but without an apostrophe.

[0085] In the embodiment discussed in the following, all the guying elements of the second guying 22 are formed by guy rods 30, 32, 34 coupled with one another.

[0086] A schematic side view of the guyed telescopic boom 16 in accordance with such an embodiment is shown in FIG. 3. The guying support 24 can be recognized that extends to the rear almost perpendicular from the telescoped out telescopic boom 16. The guying support 24 is connected to the boom base via a first guying 21. The second guying 22 comprises a plurality of guy rods 30, 32, 34 (five in the embodiment shown here) that are connected to one another via joint connections 33. A first guy rod 30 is directly coupled with the connection piece, not shown in any more detail here, at the tip of the innermost telescopic section. A last guy rod 34 is coupled (via the joint 35) directly and permanently with the guying support 24. In guying operation, said connections of the first and last guy rods 30, 34 remain present, i.e. they are not decoupled from the connection piece and from the guying support 24. Three further guy rods 32 are located between the first and last guy rods 30, 34.

[0087] In the specific embodiment shown here, all the guy rods 30, 32, 34 have different lengths. Furthermore, the three further guy rods 32 and the last guy rod 34 are each provided with a center joint 31 that is substantially arranged centrally between the two ends of every guy rod 32, 34. Said guy rods 32, 34 thereby each comprise a first partial rod 32a, 34a and a second partial rod 32b, 34b that can be folded onto one another by pushing together the connection joints 33 located at the ends. In other words, all the guy rods 32, 34 except for the first guy rod 30 can be folded together or are foldable. This is indicated graphically in the last guy rod 34 in FIG. 3.

[0088] It would be conceivable in principle that one or more guy rods 30, 32, 34 have more than one center joint 31 and can therefore be folded multiple times. Differing from the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the first guy rod 30 could additionally also be foldable together via a center joint. Such an embodiment will be described further below.

[0089] Since a plurality of the guy rods 32, 34 can be folded via a center joint 31, the length of the second guying 22 can be varied without having to separate the guy rods 30, 32, 34 from one another or having to dismantle them. Those guy rods 32, 34 that are not used for the guying at a certain extension length are folded together and locked at the guying support 24, as will be explained in detail further below.

[0090] Since now a discrete number of guying elements 30, 32, 34 having defined lengths is used for the second guying instead of a continuously adjustable guy rope, a continuous covering of guyable boom extension lengths has to be achieved in a different manner.

[0091] A telescopic boom 16 is in principle operable at many different extension lengths. However, a guying is only sensible from a specific extension length onward. FIG. 4 schematically shows all the sensible lengths of the telescopic boom 16 and the associated lengths of the guy rods 30, 32, 34 of the second guying 22 in a side view, with a plurality of boom and guying support settings being shown simultaneously or superposed. The three different positions of the guying support 24 with a steep telescopic boom 16 and the corresponding positions of the first guying 21 are shown by dashed, continuous, and chain dotted arrows or lines. The associated positions of the boom head 17 at the different guying lengths for every position of the guying support 24 are indicated by correspondingly designed arrows starting from the reference numerals 17.

[0092] It must be noted here that the three discrete angular positions of the guying support 24 shown in FIG. 4 are, contrary to this schematic image, as a rule not constant or identical for the different telescopic boom lengths or guying lengths, but that every telescopic boom length as a rule requires a minimally different angular position of the guying support 24. By way of example, with reference to the rearmost angular position of the guying support 24 in FIG. 4 (dashed arrow 24), this means that the guying support 24 in particular actually adopts three slightly different angles that are, however, not taken into account or drawn in FIG. 4, for the three guying configurations belonging to this angular position.

[0093] To keep the number of guy rods 30, 32, 34 as small as possible for all the extension lengths of the telescopic boom 16, a single configuration of guy rods 30, 32, 34 (i.e.a specific total length of the second guying 22) can be used in each case for two extension lengths of the telescopic boom 16. For this purpose, the guying support 24 is inclined to the front in the direction of the boom head 17 or to the rear in the direction of the superstructure 14. This is done via the tip cylinder of the guying support 24. Two extension positions of the telescopic boom 16 are indicated by way of example in FIG. 4 by the arrows d that can be achieved using the same guy rod configuration, but a differently inclined guying support 24.

[0094] At a specific position of the guying support 24, exactly one specific extension length of the telescopic boom 16 is therefore associated with each guy rod configuration (i.e. with each defined number and sequence of guy rods 30, 32, 34). A further parameter that can be set variably or continuously is thus required to be able to guy a continuous range of telescopic boom extension lengths. Said parameter provides the guying support 24 via its angular position that can be set continuously via the tip cylinder at least within a specific angular range. An individual angle of inclination of the guying support 24 and a defined number or sequence of guy rods 30, 32, 34 are therefore associated with every extension position of the telescopic boom 16.

[0095] As can be recognized in FIG. 4, the first guy rod 30 is connected to the telescopic boom 16 in every extension position. Depending on the desired guying length, either the first guy rod 30 itself (in particular with a guying of the telescopic boom 16 that is luffed down and completely or almost completely telescoped in, as shown at the bottom right in FIG. 4)) or one of the further guy rods 32 is directly connected to the guying support 24. The maximum guying length is reached when none of the further guy rods 32 are releasably connected to the guying support 24, but the connection is rather between the guying support 24 and the second guying via the permanent joint 35 of the last guy rod 34.

[0096] To achieve a specific length of the second guying 22 between the two extreme positions (shortest guying length: the first guy rod 30 is directly connected to the guying support 24; longest guying length: none of the guy rods 30, 32 are connected to the guying support 24), each of the further guy rods 32 can be directly reversibly connected to the guying support 24. This is done by means of a holding device that is provided at the guying support 24 and that will be described further below.

[0097] To be able to vary the erection angle of the guying support 24 (i.e. the angle of inclination relative to the telescopic boom 16), the length of the first guying 21 has to likewise be corresponding varied. For this purpose, the first guying 21 has a length variable element 50 that is designed in the embodiment described here as a hydraulic tensioning cylinder. The tensioning cylinder 50 compensates the length compensation on the varying of the inclination of the guying support 24. The guy rods of the first guying 21 can moreover subsequently be set to the required preload force by the tensioning cylinder 50. The tensioning cylinder 50 can here be indirectly or directly attached to the guying support 24 or to the boom base 24, with it also being conceivable to arrange the tensioning cylinder at any other desired point of the first guying 21, for example centrally.

[0098] The tip angle of the guying support 24 is not variable as desired. An angle is optimum that allows the guying 21, 22 to project far from the telescopic boom 16 to generate an optimum guying effect.

[0099] It must be noted that a guying of the telescopic boom 16 below a specific extension length is not sensible since the telescopic boom already has a sufficient base stiffness. A telescopic boom having a maximum extension length of 60 m can be named by way of example at which a guying may be sensible from an extension length onward of approximately 26 m. It is here naturally only a specific example for the purpose of illustration and said values vary in dependence on the specific telescopic boom.

[0100] The guying system in accordance with the invention can be simply expanded. If a specific telescopic boom 16 is to be extended and guyed over its maximum extension length, the first guy rod 30 can be simply dismantled and the innermost telescopic section 16b can be dismantled and replaced with a packet of a plurality of telescopic sections. To increase the maximum guying length, further guy rods 32 can be installed (or, alternatively, corresponding additional rods 32 are stored in a store or in the holding device described further below). They can in turn have individually adapted lengths so that all the guy rods 30, 32, 34 are of different lengths.

[0101] It is, however, also conceivable, independently of the specific embodiment, that only some of the guy rods 30, 32, 34 differ in length or that all the guy rods 30, 32, 34 have identical lengths.

[0102] The foldable guy rods 32, 34 are in particular designed such as is shown in a plan view in FIG. 13, i.e. the two partial rods 32a, 34a and 32b, 34b comprise two metal sheets that extend in parallel with one another and are coupled with one another by a pivot bolt 36, equally at the connection joints 33 at the two ends. The first partial rod 32a, 34a is narrower than the second partial rod 32b, 34b and can be at least partially received in the latter (this allows the folding together up to and into an almost parallel folding position). Conversely, the first partial rod 32a, 34b could naturally be wider than the second partial rod 32b, 34b.

[0103] It will now be explained with reference to a specific embodiment in the following how the individual guy rods 30, 32, 34 are connected to one another and are guided and how a specific guying length of the second guying 22 can be achieved by a connection as required of one of the guy rods 30, 32 to the guying support 24.

[0104] As already mentioned, every further guy rod 32 and also the last guy rod 34 has a joint 31 in the middle region (it does not necessarily have to be exactly the middle between the two outer ends or joints 33 - the two partial rods 32a, b and 34a, b can by all means have different lengths) so that each of these guy rods 32, 34, can be folded once.

[0105] In addition, a thin pilot rope or guide rope 40 runs from the base of the first guy rod 30 (in the region of its connection joint 33 that is spaced apart from the connection point at the telescopic section 16) to the guying support 24 and there over one or more deflection pulleys 44 onto a guide rope winch 42 in or at the guying support 24. A specific embodiment having such a single deflection pulley 44 in the region of the jib of the guying support 24 is shown in Figure, with a section through the guying support 24 along its longitudinal axis being able to be seen.

[0106] The guide rope 40 is rotatably connected to the base of the first guy rod 30, and indeed such that the fastening of the guide rope 40 can rotate freely about an axis that is in parallel with the axes of rotation of the connection joints 33 between the guy rods 30, 32, 34. FIG. 9 shows a detail of the base of the first guy rod 30, with it being able to be recognized that in the embodiment shown here the guide rope 40 is fastened in a bearing bolt 46 that can rotate in parallel with the axis of the connection joint 33. The guide rope 40 is secured or connected to the bearing bolt 46 against a release therefrom via a closure sleeve 48.

[0107] All the guide rods 30, 32, 34 are suspended on the guide rope 40. The first guy rod 30 is suspended at its base and the last guy rod 34 is suspended at the guide rope 40 at its end or joint 33 disposed opposite the permanent connection joint 35 at the guy rod 24. The further guy rods 32 arranged therebetween are displaceably suspended at the guide rope 40 at its two ends or connection joints 33 (cf. also FIG. 3).

[0108] The guide rope 40 has only one guiding effect on the guy rods 30, 32, 34 on the telescoping in or out of the telescopic boom 16. The guide rope winch 42 consequently in particular always has to be acted on by a maximum reeling up force. On the telescoping of the telescopic boom 16 via the telescopic cylinder (not shown), the guide rope 40 is drawn off from the guide rope winch 42. This can preferably take place against the force of the guide winch acting in the direction of reeling up.

[0109] Alternatively, the guide rope winch 42 can also be reeled off at a defined force or speed synchronously with the extension procedure of the telescopic boom 16. For this purpose, a corresponding control and/or regulation unit can be provided that controls or regulates the guide rope winch 42 accordingly. It is important in this respect that the guide rope 40 is tensioned and acted on by a specific preload force at all times.

[0110] The mechanism is indicated in FIG. 5 by which the guy rods 32, 34 not used for the guying can be supported and held at the guying support 24. For this purpose, a pivotably supported, latch shaped holding element 26 is located at the tip of the guying support 24 and has a hook element 27 at its end facing the first guying element 30. The pivot axis of the holding element 26 extends in parallel with the axes of rotation of the joints 33 of the guy rods 30, 32, 34 and is located in the region of the deflection pulley 44 for the guide rope 40. The connection joints 33 each comprise a catch bolt or pivot bolt 36 about which the connected guy rods 30, 32, 34 rotate freely against one another. The hook element 27 is open and configured in the direction of the pivot axis of the holding element 26 such that it can grip the pivot bolts 36 of the connection joints 33 of the guy rods 30, 32, 34 that project laterally by a specific length from the connection joints 33 for this purpose.

[0111] Via an actuator that is configured in the embodiment shown here as a hydraulic cylinder 26 that is coupled with the end of the holding element 26 spaced apart from the hook element 27, the holding element 26 can be pivoted to and fro between a release position in which the holding element 26 is outwardly pivoted away from the guide rope 44 (cf. FIG. 5) so that the pivot bolts 36 cannot come into contact with the hook element 27 and a holding position in which the holding element 26 is pivoted in the direction of the guide rope 40 and the pivot bolt 36 and the latter can be gripped by the hook element.

[0112] FIGS. 6 and 7 show the upper end of the guy rod 24 with the holding element 26 and some folded together guy rods 32, 34 in a perspective view, with the holding element 26 being located in the holding position in FIG. 6 and in the release position in FIG. 7.

[0113] Only half the holding element 26 is shown here and actually comprises two parallel metal sheets each having a hook element 27 to be able to grip the pivot bolts 36 of the connection joints 33 at both sides. The guide rope 40 runs between these two metal sheets of the holding element 26 and can be easily recognized in FIGS. 6 and 7.

[0114] As can be recognized in FIGS. 8 and 9, the pivot bolts 36 are shaped such that they cannot slip laterally out of the hook elements 27. For this purpose, the pivot bolts 36 in this embodiment have an increased radius or mushroom shaped closure regions at both ends so that the hook elements 24 grip the region of the pivot bolt 36 between the respective guy rod 30, 32, 34 and the closure region. The pivot bolts 36 can naturally also be designed in any other manner to prevent a slipping out of the holding element 26.

[0115] The holding element 26 or the hook elements 27 are shaped such that they securely hold the gripped pivot bolt 36 in the direction of tension of the second guying 22 in the holding position. Since each of the pivot bolts 36 is shaped in this manner at the connection joints 33 between the guy rods 30, 32, 34, the holding element 26 can grip each of these pivot bolts 36 and each of these joints 33 can therefore be directly connected to the guying support 24 via the holding element 26. FIG. 8 shows a situation in which a connection joint 33 is located between two further guy rods 32 in the vicinity of the holding elements 27 while in FIG. 9 the pivot bolt 36 of the connection joint 33 is arranged between the first guy rod 30 and the adjacent further guy rod 32 adjacent to the hook elements 27. The latter situation in which the free connection joint 33 of the first guy rod 30 is held by the holding element 26, can be present, for example, when the boom 16 completely telescoped in is only guyed by means of the first guy rod 30 (cf. FIG. 4, bottom right).

[0116] Those guy rods 32, 34 that are not used for the guying 22 are supported at the guying support 24 or in the holding device in the folded together state. In this respect, the partial rods 32a, 32b, 34a, 34b of the stored guy rods 32, 34 are more or less in parallel with one another and in parallel with the guying support 24, as can be recognized, for example, in FIGS. 5 and 11. The placed down or stored guy rods 32, 34 are in particular not in parallel with the guying direction. The forces of the guying are conducted into the guying support 24 via the connection between the hook elements 27 and the gripped pivot bolt 36 and further via the holding element 26. The holding element 26 and its pivot axis have to be adapted accordingly for the forces occurring in guying operation.

[0117] The guying support 24 comprises a guide and support device 28 that can be recognized in FIGS. 5, 9, 10, and 11 to guide the guy rods 30, 32, 34 in a controlled manner on the folding together or taking up and to provide defined positions for the support of the guy rods 32, 34 stored in the holding device and for the gripping of the pivot bolts 36 by the holding element 26. The guide and support device 28 comprises two curved holding rails that extend from the region of the pivot axis of the holding element 26 of the guying support 24 substantially in a straight line away from the side of the guying support 24 facing the boom head 17 and, after a distance that substantially corresponds to the length of the holding element 26 (i.e. approximately in the region in which the hook elements 27 are in the holding position), describe an arc and again run to the guying support 24.

[0118] The two hoop shaped curved holding rails of the guide and support device 28 extend in parallel with one another and have a lateral distance from one another that makes it possible that the pivot bolts 36 can be placed thereon without slipping down. The closure regions of the pivot bolts 36 are in particular just laterally outside the holding rails so that the pivot bolts 36 cannot slip laterally from the holding rails.

[0119] The holding rails of the guide and support device 28 can only serve the placement and guidance of the pivot bolts 36 of the connection joints 33 of the guy rods 30, 32, 34, as is shown, for example in FIG. 11. Alternatively, the lower part of the holding rails can extend so far downwardly that the pivot bolts 37 of the center joints 31 (see FIG. 12 for a more detailed view of a specific embodiment) are also guided by the holding rails. Finally, a further embodiment is also indicated in FIG. 5 in which two pairs of holding rails are provided: an upper pair for supporting and guiding the pivot bolts 36 of the connection joints 33 (as shown in FIG. 11) and a lower pair for guiding the pivot bolts 37 of the center joints 31.

[0120] Due to the special shape of the holding rails of the guide and support device 28, the guy rods 32, 34 are correctly guided telescoping in on the folding together and are held or supported in a defined position. It is additionally ensured that the last guy rod 34 and the further guy rods 32, and additionally also the first guy rod 30 during transport, cannot fall off to the side.

[0121] FIGS. 10 and 11 show the holding device in a perspective view (FIG. 10) and in a side sectional view (FIG. 11), with all the connection joints 33 being placed on the holding rails of the guide and support device 28 and the holding element 26 being in the holding position. The first guy rod 30 faces to the right in parallel with the other folded together guy rods 32, 34 (cf. FIG. 11). The boom 16 is thus not guyed in this configuration, but the guying support 24 is rather shown together with the guy rods 30, 32, 34 of the second guying 22 in a transport position. The holding element 26 prevents the guy rods 30, 32, 34 from slipping from the holding rails. The guide rope 40 is completely wound up onto the guide rope winch 42.

[0122] This packet of guying support 24 among folded together guy rods 30, 32, 34 of the second guying preferably represents an installation unit that can be installed together at the coupling section 16a of the telescopic boom 16.

[0123] The holding device during guying operation is shown in FIG. 6, with the last guy rod 34 and two further guy rods 32 being fixed folded together in the holding device and the pivot bolt 36 of the connection joint 33 being gripped by the holding element 26 between the second and third further guy rods 32 (counted starting from the last guy rod 34).

[0124] If now a different telescopic boom length is desired, the holding element 26 is raised via the hydraulic cylinder 25 into the release position (see FIG. 7). The tensioning cylinder 50 has to relax the system beforehand in that it extends and inclines the guying support 24 to the front. The hook elements 27 thereby move away from the previously gripped pivot bolt 36 so that now the holding element 26 can be raised or pivoted. The telescopic boom 16 can now be extended, for example, whereby the next folded together guy rod 32 is unfolded or pulled out (see FIG. 7 in which it can be recognized how the partial rods 32a, 32b of the first folded together guy rod 32 fold apart and have a greater angle to one another than in FIG. 6).

[0125] Subsequently, after reaching the desired telescopic boom length, the holding element 26 is again lowered into the holding position via the hydraulic cylinder 25 and automatically grips the next pivot bolt 36. For this purpose, the telescopic boom 16 has to stop in a position in which the pivot bolt 36 would not yet abut the hook elements 27 since otherwise the hook elements 27 could not engage around the pivot bolt 36 or abut the pivot bolt on the pivoting into the final holding position. The hook elements 27 therefore initially have a certain distance (along the guide rope 40) from the pivot bolt 36 to be gripped in the holding position on the lowering of the hook element 26 . The system is subsequently again preloaded via the tensioning cylinder, i.e. the guying support 24 is inclined to the rear by retracting the tensioning cylinder 50, whereby the second guying 22 is tensioned and the pivot bolt 36 is pressed from internal toward the hook elements.

[0126] On a length change of the telescopic boom 16, it is necessary that the telescopic boom 16 is in a position that is as steep as possible so that the guy rods 30, 32, 34 cannot slide way to the front on the guide rope 40 and the guy rods 30, 32, 34 fold reliably in the region of the guide and support device 28 (= storage region) on the telescoping in (see e.g. FIG. 5).

[0127] The holding element 26 has to have such a length that it can still reliably catch exactly the associated pivot bolt 36 in the steepest position of the telescopic boom 16 extended into a defined work position. This applies to every usable length of the telescopic boom 16.

[0128] It must be noted that the outwardly folded guy rods 30, 32, 34 do not extend exactly in parallel with the guide rope 40 due to gravity and due to the additionally center joint 31 in each guy rod segment (that is are not folded out completely linearly) and the pivot bolt 36 to be caught is thus pulled slightly upward by this effect.

[0129] In the present case the angle between the guying support 24 and the guide rope 40 is called the tensioning angle.

[0130] The center joints 31 of the guy rods 32, 34 preferably have a certain displaceability with respect to one another since otherwise the respective upper connection joint 33 (that is the upper connection joint 33 facing the first guy rod 30 in the folded out state) would press the guide rope 40 to the outside. This is avoided by an elongate hole 38 in the region of the center joint 31, as is shown in FIG. 12. This may also be necessary for the connection joint 33 to the first guy rod 30. The elongate hole 38 in the joint 31 makes it possible for the guide rope 40 to hold the connection joints 33 between two adjacent guy rods 30, 32, 34 in the region of the desired guide line. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the elongate hole 48 has not been drawn in.

[0131] The force with which the guy rods 32, 34 would want to press the guide rope 40 outwardly due to this effect effects a displacement of the pivot bolts 37 of the center joints 31 in the respective elongate hole 38 until they abut its upper abutment (cf. the position of the pivot bolt 37 in FIG. 12). Since this procedure also occurs on the placement or folding together of the guy rods 32, 34, the pivot bolts 37 are already disposed at the correct point in the elongate hole 38 on the placing down.

[0132] This will be explained again with reference to the example shown in FIG. 7. The pivot bolt 36 of the connection joint 33 between the last guy rod 34 and the following further guy rod 32 is disposed further away from the free end of the guying support 24 than the pivot bolt 36 of the permanent connection joint 35 of the last guy rod 34 at the guying support 24 in the stored or folded together state. This movement or alignment is permitted by the corresponding elongate hole 38 at the center joint 31 of the last guy rod 34. The same applies to the other folded guy rods 32. It is thereby in particular possible that an imaginary line through the pivot bolts 36 of all the guy rods 32, 34 placed in the guide and support device 28 extends at a tensioning angle < 90° to the longitudinal axis of the guying support 24.

[0133] The different partial rods 32a, 32b, 34a, 34b of the foldable guy rods 32, 34 can have different lengths. This can assist a flawless function and avoid an unwanted erection of the guy rods 32, 34 in interaction with said elongate hole 38.

[0134] The shape of the holding rails of the guide and support device 28 is preferably selected such that the pivot bolts 36 are guided in a specific position. This position is in particular used on the transport of the Y guying device.

[0135] The holding rails are also in particular shaped such that they release the pivot bolts 36 when the shortest length of the telescopic boom 16 has to be guyed. In other words, in such a situation when the tensioning angle is particularly small, the pivot bolt 36 of the connection joint 33 of the first guy rod 30 should not press onto the holding rails through the guying. Neither the preload force nor the guying force should be led off via the holding rails. The holding rails are therefore already downwardly chamfered in that region in which the pivot bolt 36 of the connection joint 33 of the first guy rod 30 comes to lie (cf. FIG. 9) so that the pivot bolt 36 itself does not press onto the holding rails at the tensioning angle present in this situation.

[0136] Since the guide rods 30, 32, 34 or their connection regions with the guide rope 40 should not lie on one another in the region of the guide rope 40 (risk of abrasion and catching in different guying conditions, see FIG. 4), spacer elements 60 can be present between the suspension points of the guy rods 30, 32, 34 at the guide rope 40 (see FIG. 10). The spacer elements 60 are pivotably supported about the pivot bolts 36 of the connection joints 33 and are arranged between the bolt bosses of the partial rods 32a, 32b, 34a, 34b. Every pivot bolt 36 of a connection joint 33 is provided with such a spacer element 60.

[0137] The spacer elements 60 on the one hand comprise a first spacer 63 that faces (viewed from the last guy rod 34) in the direction of the following connection joint 33 of the following guy rod 32, 30 and a mechanical abutment for the following spacer element 60. In the stored state, the spacer elements 60 abut one another via said abutments of the first spacer 62 (cf. FIG. 10) so that the pivot bolts 36 adopt a defined distance from one another along the guide rope 40. The first spacers 62 can naturally also face in the direction of the preceding connection joint 33 or in both directions and can have corresponding abutments.

[0138] The spacer elements 60 further each comprise a second spacer 64 that comprises the connection points with the guide rope 40 and provides that the respective pivot bolt 36 always has a defined distance from the guide rope 40. The connection points of the second spacers 64 with the guide rope 40 can have slide points and/or rollers that facilitate a displacement of the spacer elements 60 along the guide rope 40 or minimize wear.

[0139] The guy rods 30, 32, 34 or parts thereof can be produced from steel and/or from CRP.

[0140] A specific example of a method of installing the guying in accordance with the invention at a telescopic boom 16 or of establishing the working ability of a mobile crane 10 will now be discussed in the following. For reasons of simplicity, the following example only relates to a single guying strand of a double-strand Y guying, with a guying having only one single guying support 24 naturally also being possible.

[0141] A separate transport of the total Y guying device with the second guying 22 (guying support 24, tip cylinder, first guy rod 30, further guy rods 32, last guy rod 34, guide rope 40, and guide rope winch 42) and of the first guying 21 (guy rods and tensioning cylinder 50) first takes place. In the transport sate, all of the guy rods 30, 32, 34 are secured in their positions in the holding device at the guying support 24. The pivot bolt 36 of the connection joint 33 between the first guy rod 30 and the further guy rod 32 connected thereto is positioned between the holding rails of the guide and support device 28 and the holding element 26 and against its hook elements 27 in the storage region. The first guide rod 30 is connected at its free end (to which it would be connected to the connection piece in guying operation) to the base of the guying support 24 (not shown). The guy rods 30, 32, 34 can be held in position in the region of their pivot bolts 36 by a part of the holding rails.

[0142] This system is placed as a unit by suitable means onto the substantially horizontally aligned and fully telescoped in boom 16. The guying supports 24, the tip cylinder, and the guy rods of the first guying 21 are bolted to the coupling section 16a of the telescopic boom 16 or the tip cylinder and the tensioning cylinder 50 are hydraulically connected to a hydraulic system of the mobile crane 10.

[0143] The guying support 24 is subsequently erected via the tip cylinder (a plurality of tip cylinders can also be provided per guying support 24). The tip cylinder sets the guying support 24 to the frontmost position (i.e. it is inclined as far as possible to the front). The guying support 24 is subsequently adjusted by the tensioning cylinder 50 (the pressurized tip cylinder is thereby overpressured against the pump pressure) such that the first guy rod 30 can be comfortably pulled to the boom head 17 by hand and can be bolted there.

[0144] The telescopic boom 16 is now luffed up into a steep or steepest position. The tensioning cylinder 50 extends completely so that the guying support 24 is pressed into the frontmost position via the tip cylinder. In this respect, the previously gripped pivot bolt 36 is moved out of the direct region of the hook elements 27. The holding element 26 is pivoted into the release position via the hydraulic cylinder 25.

[0145] The telescopic boom 16 subsequently telescopes to its target position and the guy rods 32, 34 are taken along via the first guy rod 30. After reaching the desired boom length, the holding element 26 is again lowered into the holding position via the hydraulic cylinder 25. The hydraulic cylinder 25 is also continuously supplied with pressure after the lowering of the holding element 26 so that it can compensate the different angles (between the holding element 26 and the guying support 24) at all telescopic lengths. The counterforce is generated by the guide rope 40 continuously tensioned by means of the guide rope winch 42 and subsequently, in the guyed state, by the force in the second guying that arises due to the load.

[0146] The system is subsequently preloaded via the tensioning cylinder 50 so that the pivot bolt 36 decisive for the respective telescopic length is reliably seated in the hook elements 27 and the desired preload force is adopted in the system. To achieve the desired and reproducible preload force, this can be implemented by a pressure measurement in the tensioning cylinder 50 or a length measurement device at the tensioning cylinder 50 (= distance based guying). The mobile crane 10 is now ready for use (guying operation).

[0147] The removal takes place in reverse order.

[0148] The telescopic boom 16 is first luffed up into a steep or steepest position to carry out a telescopic length change in guyed operation. The tensioning cylinder 50 extends completely so that the guying support 24 is pressed into the frontmost position against the pressure of the tip cylinder. In this respect, the hook elements 27 or the previously gripped pivot bolts become free. The holding element 26 is raised into the release position via the hydraulic cylinder 25 and the telescopic boom 16 telescopes in or out to its new target. In this respect, the guy rods 32, 34 are either removed from the storage region of the holding device and the holding rails via the first guy rod 30 and in so doing are folded apart or placed down there and folded together in so doing. The holding element 26 is subsequently again lowered into the holding position via the hydraulic cylinder 25 and the guying system is again brought to a defined preload via the tensioning cylinder 50, with the pivot bolt 36 now to be gripped being drawn toward the hook elements 27. The mobile crane 10 is now again ready for use.

[0149] The guide rope is a key idea of the invention. It has a very much smaller diameter than the previously used guy ropes. In the work state, it could not alone take up the forces of the guying that occur that are known from the prior art. This in particular also applies because the guide rope 40 is taken up on the guide rope winch 42. The latter preferably always reels up the guide rope 40 with a defined force. At the guying force that occurs in crane operation, the guide rope winch 42 should release the guide rope 40 and simply reel it off due to the high force. The guide rope 40 furthermore serves only the assembly, that is the telescoping to the desired length of the telescopic boom 16. The guy rods 32, 34, and optionally also 30, are “threaded” on the guide rope 40 for this purpose.

[0150] The first guy rod 30 can optionally also be designed as a rope element. A universal joint at the connection piece of the telescopic section 16 is thereby not necessary at the laterally outwardly pivoted position of the guying support 24. A rope element can here imitate the required degrees of freedom of a universal joint and the axes of the connection joints 33 of the guy rods are still aligned in parallel. The first guying element 30 can here be designed as a rope element without having the initially mentioned disadvantages of a complete guy rope since it is not reeled up onto a winch.

[0151] It would also be conceivable in an alternative embodiment to configure the first guying element 30 as a guy rod foldable together over at least one center joint 31, to guide the guide rope 40 from the guying support 24 into the region of the connection piece (in particular at the boom head 17), to deflect it there via one or more deflection pulleys, and subsequently to guide it back to the first guy rod 30, where the guide rope 40 is finally fastened. In this case, the connection point between the guide rope 40 and the first guy rod 30 would ideally be at the other end of the first guy rod 30 at the connection piece side.

[0152] The previously observed telescopic boom 16 can be the telescopic main boom, with the second guying 22 being connected to a connection piece, for example at a telescopic head 17 or a projection of a telescopic section 17 (that does not necessarily have to be the innermost telescopic section 16b). Such telescopic booms can however, also be equipped with a telescopic boom extension, for example a fixed jib or a luffing fly jib. The latter can be connected to the innermost telescopic section 16b, to the boom head 17 for example, via a special adapter piece. In this case, the first guying element 30 of the second guying 22, in particular in the form of a rope piece 30, can be connected to the adapter piece via an eccentric frame. The eccentric frame can be set up in accordance with the teaching of DE 10 2016 009 301 A1 to which reference is explicitly made here.

[0153] Such an embodiment is shown in FIG. 14 in a schematic plan view of the jib of the main boom 16 at which an adapter piece 70 having two lateral eccentric frames 71 is attached. The drawing is divided into two, with the left side showing the jib of the completely telescoped in main boom 16 with a loose guying 22 and the right side showing the jib of the innermost telescopic section 16b of the telescoped out main boom 16 with the guying 22 under tension (applied by the tensioning cylinder 50) in the state capable of work.

[0154] The first guying element 30 is formed as a rope piece 30 that is coupled with the eccentric frame 72. A twist or a swivel can be necessary for the connection to avoid constraints in the connection joints 33 of the guy rods 32, 34.

[0155] The eccentric frame 72 in the embodiment shown here is attached in the region of the boom head 17 and can be part of a telescopic boom extension or of an adapter piece 70.

[0156] FIG. 13 shows a schematic plan view of the last guying element 34. The pivot bolt 36 of the connection joint 33 with the following further guy rod 32 (the latter not being shown) is located at the top left. If the guying supports 24 of the Y guying are not spread out completely in a V shape, but are rather aligned approximately in parallel with one another (cf. FIG. 14, left side), the fixed coupling points 35 of the two last guy rods 34 of the two guying strands have a smaller distance from one another than in the spread out state. In contrast, the distance between the connection points of the first guying elements 30 at the eccentric frames 72 is large in this position. An angle β hereby results between the luffing plane of the telescopic boom 16 and the longitudinal axis of the last guy rod 34 (cf. FIG. 13). In accordance with this angle β, the weight force a is divided into a force component c in parallel with the longitudinal axis of the last guy rod 34 and into a force component b perpendicular thereto. The force component b may not become too large so that a proper folding and placement of the guy rods 32, 34 in the storage region or on the holding rails can take place.

[0157] The guide rope 40 is in particular always under tension that is caused by the permanently upward reeling guide rope winch 42. The work tension in the first guying element 30 and in the guy rods 32, 34 applied in a working manner by the tensioning cylinder 50 is so large that the guide rope 40 can be guided over a deflection pulley 80 without relevant effects (cf. FIG. 14). The deflection pulley 80 replaces the bearing bolt 46 for connecting the guide rope 40 to the first guying element 30 on a use of the eccentric frame 72. The fixed point of the guide rope 40 is here transposed to a connection point disposed closer to the longitudinal axis of the telescopic boom 16.

[0158] The tensioning cylinder 50 takes the work tension from the first guying element 30 and the guy rods 32, 34 to telescope the telescopic sections 16b in. Substantially its own weight force a and the force applied by the guide rope 40 are active. After the pivoting together of the two guying supports 24 (cf. FIG. 14, left side), the weight force a causes the deflecting force b (cf. FIG. 13). The force b would disrupt the folding process and the placing of the guy rods 32, 34 in the storage region. The force b can now counteract the tension in the guide rope 40 due to the deflection about the deflection pulley 80 and can provide a good, controlled placement. The location of the connection point of the guide rope 40 at the adapter piece 70 is selected suitably such that the outwardly acting weight force of the first guying element 30 and of the guy rods 32, 34 can be taken up.

[0159] Optionally, one or more of the further guying elements 32 cannot only comprise a center joint 31 together with a pivot bolt 37, but, for example, two such joints 31 (or also more than two). The length of such a guying element 32 can hereby be further shortened and adapted to the respective boom combination. The topmost further guy rod 32 could in particular be designed with at least two such joints 31 and can thereby be able to be further shortened in length.

[0160] The solution shown in FIG. 14 that the first guying element 30 is formed as a rope piece 30 can generally be used with any embodiment (not only on a use of an adapter piece 70 or eccentric frame 72) and optionally replace a twist in the connection to the connection piece that may be necessary with a purely rod solution.

TABLE-US-00001 REFERENCE NUMERAL LIST 10 mobile crane 10′ mobile crane (prior art) 12 undercarriage 14 superstructure 15 luffing ram 16 telescopic boom 16a coupling section 16b telescopic section 17 boom head 21 first guying 21′ first guying (prior art) 22 second guying 22′ second guying (prior art) 23′ guying winch (prior art) 24 guying support 24′ guying support (prior art) 25 actuator 26 holding element 27 hook element 38 guide and support device 30 first guying element 31 center joint 32 further guying element 33 connection joint 34 last guying element 35 joint 36 pivot bolt 37 pivot bolt 38 elongate hole 40 guide rope 42 guide rope winch 44 deflection pulley 46 bearing bolt 48 closure sleeve 50 length variable element (tensioning cylinder) 60 spacer element 62 first spacer 64 second spacer 70 adapter piece 72 eccentric frame 80 deflection pulley