Humidifier and respiratory assistance device

Abstract

A humidifier that can easily control temperature and humidity in an independent manner, irrespective of a flow rate of medical gas to be supplied, is provided. The humidifier is connected to a respiratory assistance device configured to regulate or assist ventilation of a user. The humidifier is configured to add moisture to gas fed from a gas source in the form of fine particles or water vapor. The humidifier includes a liquid container configured to contain liquid containing at least water, a mist-droplet generation unit configured to generate mist droplets being fine particles of the liquid, and a water retaining member configured to hold at least a part of the mist droplets.

Claims

1. A humidifier that is to be connected to a respiratory assistance device configured to regulate or assist ventilation of a user, the humidifier being configured to add moisture to a gas fed from a gas source in the form of fine particles or water vapor, the humidifier comprising: a liquid container configured to contain a liquid containing at least water; a mist-droplet generation unit configured to generate mist droplets being fine particles of the liquid; and a water retaining member configured to hold at least a part of the mist droplets; wherein a part of the gas passes through an inside of the water retaining member, and a remaining part of the gas does not pass through the inside of the water retaining member.

2. The humidifier according to claim 1, wherein one end of the water retaining member that is open on the side of the gas source is joined to an inner peripheral surface of the humidifier, and the water retaining member closes a passage through which the gas flows.

3. The humidifier according to claim 2, wherein the humidifier has the passage through which the gas flows, the passage is closed by the water retaining member, and the water retaining member partitions the passage into an upstream side that is on a side of the gas source and has the liquid container and the mist-droplet generation unit, and a downstream side that is on a side of the user.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a humidifier according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

(2) FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view of a humidifier according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

(3) FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of a modification example of the humidifier.

(4) FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a humidifier according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

(5) FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a humidifier according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

(6) FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view of a humidifier according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

(7) FIG. 5B is a cross cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 5A.

(8) FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view of a humidifier according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

(9) FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of a respiratory assistance device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention, in which a water retaining member is disposed in an inspiratory pipe of a breathing circuit.

(10) FIG. 7A is an explanatory view of a humidification member that humidifies the respiratory assistance device according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.

(11) FIG. 7B is a cross cross-sectional view of the humidification member.

(12) FIG. 7C is an explanatory view of a structure in which a humidification member formed into a coil shape is disposed in a pipe of the breathing circuit.

(13) FIG. 8 is a partly enlarged explanatory view of a respiratory assistance device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention, in which a water retaining member is disposed in a housing that supports a nasal prong configured to feed air to a user and a drain hole is provided therein.

(14) FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of a respiratory assistance device having a branch to a humidifier, according to a modification embodiment of the present invention.

(15) FIG. 10A is an explanatory view showing a configuration of a conventional respiratory assistance device.

(16) FIG. 10B is an explanatory view showing a configuration of a conventional steam humidifier.

(17) FIG. 11 is a saturated vapor pressure curve of water at 1 atmospheric pressure.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

(18) Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the attached drawings.

(19) FIGS. 1 to 9 show an example of the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, components indicated with the same reference numerals are identical components, and the fundamental configuration thereof is the same as conventional one shown in the drawings. In each of the drawings, the configuration is partly omitted for the sake of simplicity of the drawings. The size, shape, thickness, and the like of components are emphasized in an appropriate manner.

(20) FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a humidifier 10 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The humidifier 10, just as with the conventional humidifier 10 provided in the conventional respiratory assistance device (see FIG. 10A), is connected to a respiratory assistance device configured to regulate or assist ventilation in a respirator of a user, to add moisture in the form of fine particles or water vapor to a gas fed from a gas source. To be more specific, the humidifier is connected between a gas source (ventilator) 280 of a medical gas and a mask 260 (see FIG. 10 A) configured to supply the user with the medical gas. The humidifier 10 is disposed between a ventilator-side pipe 90 and a breathing circuit-side pipe 110. The humidifier 10 includes a liquid container 80 configured to contain liquid including at least water, a mist-droplet generation unit 70 configured to generate mist droplets, i.e. minute droplets of the liquid, and a water retaining member 20 configured to hold at least a part of the mist droplets. In the present embodiment, the mist-droplet generation unit 70 is caused to generate the mist droplets by ultrasonic vibration, as described later.

(21) The mist-droplet generation unit 70 has an ultrasonic generation unit configured to generate the mist droplets by adding vibration to the liquid. In other words, in the humidifier according to the first embodiment, the mist-droplet generation unit 70 is an ultrasonic mist-droplet generation unit configured to use so-called cavitation effect that generates air bubbles on a liquid surface by a vibration energy from an ultrasonic oscillator. The mist-droplet generation unit 70 includes a case 55, an ultrasonic oscillator 60, and an ultrasonic transfer material 50. The ultrasonic transfer material 50 is, for example, water. The water that is the ultrasonic transfer material 50 held in the case 55, as well as water 40 that is brought into contact with the case 55 through a case 25, has a high specific heat, and hence has high resistant to increase in temperature. Therefore, the water is suitable for long time use on the whole of the humidifier 10. The mist-droplet generation unit 70 and the liquid container 80 are tightly attached to each other through an ultrasonic transferable material, such as a nonvolatile oil, at a boundary 85 therebetween.

(22) The ultrasonic oscillator 60 is controlled by a controller 130 (not illustrated). The controller 130 includes a CPU, a RAM, a ROM, and the like to perform entire control of the humidifier 10. The CPU is a so-called central processing unit that performs various functions by execution of various types of programs. The RAM is used as an operation area and a memory area of the CPU. The ROM stores an operating system and the programs executed by the CPU. The controller 130 preferably has the functions of monitoring a thermometer 100, a thermometer (not illustrated) in the vicinity of the mask 260 (see FIG. 10A) that the user wears, a flowmeter (not illustrated) for the fed gas, and the like, and performing feedback control (PID control) of a heater and the like of a droplet heating unit 30, to perform adjustment at a predetermined temperature and humidity. When the amount of the water 40 contained in the liquid container 80 becomes a predetermined level or less, a warning is preferably issued.

(23) A mist-droplet generation amount by the mist-droplet generation unit 70 is controlled by the controller 130. For example, when an alternating current voltage to be applied to the ultrasonic oscillator 60 has an increased amplitude, the vibration of the ultrasonic oscillator 60 has an increased amplitude, and therefore the mist-droplet generation amount is increased. The liquid container 80 may be preferably taken out of the case 25. The mist-droplet generation unit 70 may also be preferably taken out of the liquid container 80.

(24) The humidifier 10 has a passage configured to allow the fed gas to pass therethrough. The passage is closed by the water retaining member 20. The water retaining member 20 partitions the passage into an upstream side that is on the side of the gas source (ventilator) 280 and has the liquid container 80 and the mist-droplet generation unit 70, and a downstream side that is on the side of the user.

(25) To be more specific, the water retaining member 20 has gas permeability, and has a tubular structure that is closed at one end on the side of the user, and is open at the other end on the side of the gas source (ventilator) 280. The gas penetrates the inside of the water retaining member 20 through an opening 19, passes through the water retaining member 20, and is released into the breathing circuit-side pipe 110. The opening 19 of the tube of the water retaining member 20 is joined to an inner peripheral surface of the case 25 at its end part, so as to close the passage.

(26) To reduce the resistance of the gas passing through the water retaining member 20, a gas flow area is preferably increased. Therefore, a spacer is preferably provided between the tubular water retaining member 20 and the inner peripheral surface of the case 25, to secure a gap therebetween. Instead of providing the spacer, the diameter of the tube of the water retaining member 20 may be made sufficiently smaller than the internal diameter of the case 25, to secure a gap therebetween. The water retaining member 20 is preferably made of a water absorptive nonwoven fabric, and is preferably an exchangeable member. The material of the nonwoven fabric of the water retaining member 20 is, for example, polypropylene to which a surface-active agent treatment, a fluoride gas treatment, a sulfonation treatment, an acrylic acid graft treatment, a plasma discharge treatment, or the like is preferably applied to impart hydrophilicity thereto.

(27) The water retaining member 20 is disposed in the case 25. The droplet heating unit 30, which heats at least one of droplets, i.e., the mist droplets and moisture held in the water retaining member and vaporizes the mist droplets or the moisture into water vapor, is disposed inside the water retaining member 20 on the side of the liquid container 80. The droplet heating unit 30 is a resistance heater made of, for example, a nichrome wire or the like, and is connected to a power supply (not illustrated). The controller 130 controls electric power on the basis of the temperature detected by the thermometer 100 and the like, to control temperature and humidity. The water retaining member 20 blocks the mist droplets, while allowing gas containing the water vapor to pass therethrough.

(28) Next, the operation of the above-described embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 1.

(29) A dry medical gas is supplied from the ventilator-side pipe 90 to the humidifier 10. The role of the humidifier 10 is to add moisture to the medical gas, and humidification is performed by the following two methods.

(30) (1) The droplet heating unit 30 vaporizes mist droplets being generated in a surface of the liquid container 80 into water vapor. An ultrasonic vibration energy generated by the ultrasonic oscillator 60 is transmitted to a water surface of the liquid container 80. By weakening surface tension at a part of the water surface, the minute mist droplets are generated. Since the mist droplets are minute droplets having a large surface area relative to its volume, the mist droplets are easily vaporized. When the mist droplets reach the vicinity of the droplet heating unit 30 where the temperature is high and the saturated vapor pressure is large, the mist droplets are more easily vaporized. As a result, the water vapor generated by the vaporization humidifies the dry medical gas.

(31) (2) Mist droplets being generated in the surface of the liquid container 80 reach the water retaining member 20, and adhere to the water retaining member 20. Since the water retaining member 20 has a water absorbing property, moisture adhering to the water retaining member is held as water in a liquid form. When the gas fed from the ventilator-side pipe 90 passes in the vicinity of the water retaining member 20, the vapor pressure of the gas is further increased by the moisture held by the water retaining member 20, and therefore the gas is humidified.

(32) As described above, in the humidifier 10 according to the first embodiment, the water vapor for humidification is generated with a lower energy than general vaporization by boiling. Since a large amount of water vapor can be generated without boiling the stored water 40, the humidifier 10 has the beneficial effect of controlling the humidity independently of the temperature, without excessively increasing the temperature of the medical gas. Since the water retaining member 20 filters the fed gas, the water retaining member 20 has the effect of playing a role as a bacteria filter, as well as a humidifier.

(33) FIG. 2A is a cross-sectional view of a humidifier 10 according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In the humidifier 10, water 40 is stored in a case 25. A water retaining member 20 partitions a droplet heating unit 30 and the water 40 from a breathing circuit-side pipe 110. The water retaining member 20 is made of a nonwoven fabric. The water retaining member 20 is in a plane shape, and is joined to an inner side surface of the case 25 at its end. The water retaining member 20 entirely covers the liquid 40. A gas fed from a ventilator-side pipe 90 necessarily passes through the water retaining member 20. The ventilator-side pipe 90 is disposed inside the water retaining member 20, in other words, so as to feed the gas to the side of the liquid 40. A mist-droplet generation unit 70 of the humidifier 10 is a steam-type mist-droplet generation unit having a liquid heating unit configured to heat the liquid to vaporize the water 40 contained in the liquid. As in the case of the aforementioned first embodiment, the droplet heating unit 30 configured to heat at least one of mist droplets and moisture held by the water retaining member to vaporize the mist droplets or moisture into water vapor is disposed inside the water retaining member 20, in other words, on the side of the water 40. The droplet heating unit 30 is a resistance heater made of, for example, a nichrome wire or the like, and is controlled by the controller 130 at a predetermined temperature. As with the conventional humidifier 10, the present second embodiment adopts a method in which the water 40 is vaporized by heating to increase vapor pressure. Since humidification can be performed while the water stored in the liquid container is sterilized, the humidifier is easily kept in a good hygiene state, and the fed gas is filtered by the water retaining member 20. In other words, the water retaining member 20 has the effect of playing a role as a bacteria filter, as well as a humidifier.

(34) The droplet heating unit 30 may be integrally formed with the water retaining member 20, or may be provided outside the water retaining member 20, in other words, on the side of an inspiratory pipe or on the side of the case. The positional relationship between the water retaining member 20 and the droplet heating unit 30 is the same as those in the other embodiments and modification embodiments. The droplet heating unit 30 may be disposed inside or outside the water retaining member 20, and the water retaining member 20 and the droplet heating unit 30 may be integrated with each other.

(35) FIG. 2B shows a humidifier 10 according to a modification embodiment of the second embodiment of the present invention. In the present modification embodiment, a liquid heating unit constituting the mist-droplet generation unit 70 is a heating unit 120 that is integrated with the droplet heating unit 30 configured to heat at least one of the mist droplets and moisture held by the water retaining member to vaporize the mist droplets or moisture. In other words, a part of the heating unit 120 is exposed upward from a liquid surface, to heat at least one of the mist droplets and the moisture held in the water retaining member to vaporize the mist droplets or moisture. The heating unit 120 is, for example, a resistance heater, and is controlled by a controller 130 at a predetermined temperature. Since the mist-droplet generation unit 70 and the droplet heating unit 30 are integrated, the present embodiment has the beneficial effect of facilitating temperature control. The vapor pressure of the gas fed from the ventilator-side pipe 90 is increased with the water vapor vaporized by the heating unit 120. The gas is filtered by the water retaining member 20, and is fed to the breathing circuit-side pipe 110.

(36) FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a humidifier 10 according to a third embodiment of the present invention. A mist-droplet generation unit 70 of the humidifier 10 has the same configuration as a mesh-type spraying unit, which is a unit configured to realize a nebulizer (a device configured to generate minute mists containing pharmaceutical drugs for an aerosol inhalation therapy or a nebulization therapy). The mist-droplet generation unit 70 includes a vibration generation device 160 and a mesh 180 having many minute pores. A gap between an oscillator 150 of the vibration generation device 160 and the mesh 180 is filled with water 170. By causing the vibration generation device 160 to vibrate, mist droplets are generated. The advantages of this configuration are small size and good controllability. Therefore, the humidifier 10 can be made extremely compact as a whole, and accordingly, the respiratory assistance device 1 has good transportability. There is also an advantage that the mist droplets can be generated from a small amount of water. The mist droplets generated by the mesh-type mist-droplet generation unit 70 are heated by the droplet heating unit 30, and are vaporized into water vapor to humidify a gas fed from the ventilator-side pipe 90.

(37) FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a humidifier 10 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. A mist-droplet generation unit 70 of the humidifier 10 has the same configuration as a spraying unit of a so-called compressor-type or jet-type nebulizer. When compressed air fed from a compressor-side pipe 195 is ejected at high speed from a nozzle 210, ambient pressure is reduced using the Venturi effect, and water 40 is sucked up from a water inlet pipe 200. The sucked water 40 lively bumps against a baffle 190 to generate mist droplets. The humidifier having the jet-type mist-droplet generation unit 70 using the compressed air offers the advantages of ease in structure, ease in maintenance, ease in keeping in a good hygiene state. The mist droplets generated by the mist-droplet generation unit 70 are heated by the droplet heating unit 30, and are vaporized into water vapor to humidify a gas fed from the ventilator-side pipe 90.

(38) FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a humidifier 10 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, no droplet heating unit 30 is present. The humidifier 10 includes a case 25, a mist-droplet generation unit 70, a liquid container 80, and a water retaining member 20. FIG. 5A shows an example in which the mist-droplet generation unit 70 has the ultrasonic generation unit configured to generate mist droplets by applying vibration to liquid. However, the mist-droplet generation unit 70 may have a liquid heating unit configured to heat the liquid to vaporize water contained in liquid 40, to generate mist droplets, may have a mesh-type mist-droplet generation unit, or may have a jet-type mist-droplet generation unit.

(39) The humidifier 10 has a passage configured to allow fed gas to pass therethrough. The passage is closed by the water retaining member 20. The water retaining member 20 partitions the passage into an upstream side that is on the side of a gas source (ventilator) 280 and has the liquid container 80 and the mist-droplet generation unit 70, and a downstream side that is on the side of a user. To be more specific, an end part of the water retaining member 20 is joined to the case 25 so as to close the passage. The water retaining member 20 blocks the mist droplets, while allowing a gas containing water vapor to pass therethrough.

(40) FIG. 5B shows a modification embodiment of the water retaining member 20 shown in FIG. 5A. FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 5A, i.e. sectioned in a virtual plane represented by alternate short and long dashed lines. In the present modification embodiment, a plurality of holes through which gas containing mist droplets can pass are formed in the water retaining member 20. When a user inspires a gas having a relative humidity of 100% at a low temperature and a low absolute humidity value, the gas absorbs moisture in a respiratory tract, while being humidified in the respiratory tract. This may cause fixation of secretion and the like in a wide area extending to a peripheral respiratory tract. However, since the mist droplets are liquid fine particles that are irrelevant to vapor pressure, the gas containing the mist droplets contains a large amount of moisture, as a result. Therefore, the present modification embodiment has an advantage that there is no possibility of drying up the inside of the respiratory tract. The present modification embodiment offers the above beneficial effect, owing to the plurality of holes through which the gas containing the mist droplets can pass.

(41) FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional view of a humidifier according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, a plurality of water retaining members 20 is provided, and each of the water retaining members 20 partially closes a passage. To be more specific, the water retaining members 20 are configured to have a shape protruding perpendicularly from a case 25 to a passage, for example, in a staggered manner, such that a gas containing mist droplets does not flow without any obstacle. According to this shape, the mist droplets collide against the water retaining members 20, and are held in the water retaining members 20. A gas containing water vapor is fed to a user with less resistance.

(42) FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of a humidifier 10 according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. Components of the humidifier 10 are the same as those of the aforementioned first embodiment. The humidifier 10 includes a liquid container 80 that is disposed between the ventilator-side pipe 90 and the breathing circuit-side pipe 110 and contains liquid including at least water, a mist-droplet generation unit 70 configured to generate mist droplets, i.e. minute droplets of the liquid, and a water retaining member 20 configured to hold at least a part of the mist droplets.

(43) The inspiratory pipe 250 is connected to a pipe 26 through a connector 23, and the pipe 26 is connected to a housing 28. A gas is fed into nasal cavities of a user P through a nasal prong 29 supported by the housing 28.

(44) Inside the housing 28, a water retaining member 24 is provided as a droplet absorbing unit. When condensation occurs in the vicinity of the nasal prong 29, droplets may enter a respiratory tract together with the fed medical gas. Since bacteria tend to occur in liquid water, the entry of the droplets into the respiratory tract may cause pneumonia. Disposing the water retaining member 24 in the vicinity of the nasal prong 29 has the significant effect of preventing the droplets from entering the respiratory tract, by absorbing the condensed droplets.

(45) Note that the water retaining member 20 is preferably divided into at least two members, which are disposed separately. The water retaining member 20 on the side of the humidifier 10 is always supplied with mist droplets, and is in a wet state, in principle. On the contrary, the water retaining member 24 disposed in the vicinity of the nasal prong 29 aims at absorbing droplets, and is preferably dry. Therefore, by dividing the water retaining member 20 into at least two members, i.e. into the water retaining member 20 and the water retaining member 24, as shown in FIG. 6, the water retaining members can play different roles as a water retaining member for humidification and a water retaining member for absorption.

(46) A major feature of the present embodiment is that the water retaining member 20 extends to the inside of the inspiratory pipe 250. Specifically, the water retaining member 20 is provided inside the inspiratory pipe of the breathing circuit provided to the respiratory assistance device 1 along a longitudinal direction, and the length of the water retaining member 20 is 50 cm or more. For sufficient humidification, irrespective of a gas flow rate, the length of the water retaining member 20 is preferably 50 cm or more, and more preferably 1 m or more. According to this configuration, the water retaining member 20 has an extremely wide surface area, thus having the extremely significant effect of facilitating vaporization of moisture held in the water retaining member 20. If the water retaining member 20 containing moisture is present along an inner wall of the inspiratory pipe 250, when the inspiratory pipe 250 of the breathing circuit is heated with an anti-condensation heater attached thereto, the majority of the heat is used for evaporating the moisture from the water retaining member 20, thus having the beneficial effect of preventing an increase in temperature of the inspiratory pipe 250.

(47) The water retaining member 20 has gas permeability, and has a tubular structure that is closed at one end on the side of the user P, i.e. a water retaining member end part 22, and is open at the other end on the side of the gas source (ventilator) 280. The gas penetrates the inside of the water retaining member 20 through an opening 19, passes through the water retaining member, and is released into the inspiratory pipe 250. In the present embodiment, the droplet heating unit 30, configured to heat the mist droplets and the moisture held in the water retaining member 20 to vaporize them into water vapor, is provided inside the water retaining member 20. The droplet heating unit 30 is controlled by a controller 130 (not illustrated) at a predetermined temperature. The droplet heating unit 30 is a resistance heater made of, for example, a nichrome wire or the like. The droplet heating unit 30 controls temperature and humidity using the controller 130 on the basis of the temperature detected by a thermometer (not illustrated) and the like provided in the inspiratory pipe 250. As shown in FIG. 8, when the water retaining member 20 is made of a soft material, providing the droplet heating unit 30 in an inscribed manner in the water retaining member 20 facilitates keeping the shape of the water retaining member 20. In other words, a space is maintained inside the water retaining member 20, thus having the effect of keeping a sufficient surface area for evaporation.

(48) When the water retaining member 20 has a net-shaped structure such as mesh, the diameters of mesh pores are preferably smaller than the diameters of mist droplets.

(49) As a modification embodiment, the droplet heating unit 30 may be provided in a circumscribed manner on the water retaining member 20, or the droplet heating unit 30 may be embedded in fibers constituting the water retaining member 20. In addition to providing the droplet heating unit 30 in the vicinity of the water retaining member 20, the droplet heating unit 30 may be provided in an inscribed or circumscribed manner in or on the inspiratory pipe 250 itself of the breathing circuit provided in a respiratory assistance device. When the gas is fed at a low flow rate, in particular, an anti-condensation heating unit 270 of the inspiratory pipe 250 that doubles as a droplet heating unit 30, without providing the droplet heating unit 30 in the vicinity of the water retaining member 20, produces a sufficient humidification effect.

(50) FIG. 7A is an explanatory view of a humidification member 45 that extends to the inside of the inspiratory pipe 250 in the respiratory assistance device according to the seventh embodiment. The droplet heating unit 30 in FIG. 6 is a coil heater, but the droplet heating unit 30 in FIG. 7A is a linear resistance heater. The humidification member 45 includes the droplet heating unit 30 and a water retaining member 20. The water retaining member 20 is made of woven fibers 35. The shape of the water retaining member 20 is stabilized by a core 37. The core 37 may be made of the same material as the fibers 35, or may be made of thicker fibers than the fibers 35 constituting the water retaining member 20. The fibers preferably have an affinity for water, but may be hydrophobic. Droplets are caught inside the fibers 35 or between the fibers 35. The fibers are preferably soft and easily deformable by fingers even in a woven state. The caught moisture is heated by the droplet heating unit 30 to become water vapor, and is supplied to the user P through the medical gas.

(51) FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view of the humidification member 45 taken along a virtual plane S perpendicular to the droplet heating unit 30 (see FIG. 7A). The water retaining member 20 made of woven fibers 35 is provided with plate-shaped parts 38 and a pipe-shaped part 39 configured to cover the droplet heating unit 30. The width W of the humidification member 45 is preferably 5 mm or more. The provision of the plate-shaped parts 38 has the effect of increasing the area of members that easily contain droplets. As a matter of course, the water retaining member 20 may be made only of the pipe-shaped part 39 configured to cover the droplet heating unit 30, in effect.

(52) FIG. 7C is an explanatory view of a structure in which a humidification member formed into a coil shape is disposed in a hose 250 of the breathing circuit. FIG. 7C shows only a part of the hose 250. The humidification member 45 is disposed inside the hose 250 in a state of being wound into a coil shape. The humidification member 45 is preferably inscribed in the hose 250. According to this configuration, the water retaining member 20 can absorb water droplets adhering to an internal wall of the hose 250, and the water droplets can be made into water vapor by being heated by the droplet heating unit 30.

(53) When the water retaining member 20 has the shape of FIG. 7A, a shield member, such as the water retaining member 20 shown in FIG. 5A, that allows gas to pass therethrough while catching droplets, is preferably disposed inside or in the vicinity of the humidifier 10 in such a manner as to block a flow path so that droplets contained in the fed medical gas do not directly reach the lungs of the user P. The water retaining member 20 may be made of a nonwoven fabric. In this case, the water retaining member 20 preferably covers the droplet heating unit 30 in a tubular manner.

(54) FIG. 8 is a partly enlarged explanatory view of a respiratory assistance device according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention. A nasal prong 29 is inserted into nasal cavities of a user P, and a medical gas is fed from a pipe 26 to the user P through a housing 28 configured to support the nasal prong 29. The housing 28 configured to support the nasal prong 29 has a drain hole 31. The drain hole 31 is preferably provided in the housing 28 at a position near the user P, such that, when the user P lies down, accumulated droplets easily drain.

(55) Although a water retaining member 24 (not illustrated) is disposed inside the housing 28, droplets beyond absorption drain out of the housing 28 through the drain hole 31. When pipe attachment holes 32 are provided on both sides of the housing 28 to connect a pipe 26 therethrough and the pipe attachment hole 32 is clogged with a plug, it is conceivable to provide a drain hole 31 in the plug itself. The pipe attachment hole 32 may double as the drain hole 31.

(56) Embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the embodiments described above, but can be variously modified, as a matter of course, without departing from the scope of the present invention. As a modification example of each of the embodiments, it is conceivable to apply the following embodiment.

(57) In the above-described embodiments, the entire gas humidified with the water vapor generated in the liquid container 80 is fed into the breathing circuit-side pipe 110, after being filtered with the water retaining member 20. However, a part of the fed gas may pass through the inside of the water retaining member 20, while the remaining part of the gas may not pass through the inside of the water retaining member 20. For example, as shown in FIG. 9 as a modification example of the present invention, a part of a gas fed from the ventilator-side pipe 90 may be branched upstream of the humidifier 10, and may be merged with humidified gas downstream of the humidifier 10 at a breathing circuit on the side of a user. The modification embodiment has the effect of reducing a resistance load of breathing.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

(58) 1 respiratory assistance device 10 humidifier 20 water retaining member 22 water retaining member end part 23 connector 24 water retaining member 25 case 26 pipe 28 housing 29 nasal prong 30 droplet heating unit 31 drain hole 32 pipe attachment hole 35 fiber 37 core wire 38 plate-shaped part 39 pipe-shaped part 40 water 45 humidification member 50 ultrasonic transfer material 55 case 60 ultrasonic oscillator 70 mist-droplet generation unit 80 liquid container 85 boundary 90 ventilator-side pipe 100 thermometer 110 breathing circuit-side pipe 120 heating unit 130 controller 140 water feeding pipe 150 oscillator 160 vibration generation device 170 water 180 mesh 190 baffle 195 compressor-side pipe 200 water inlet pipe 210 nozzle 220 humidification chamber 230 expiratory pipe 240 thermometer 250 inspiratory pipe (hose) 260 mask 270 anti-condensation heating unit 280 gas source (ventilator) 290 heater S virtual plane