Well system with attached sealant line

Abstract

A device and method for collecting sample fluids from an underground source which includes sample wells terminating in a corrugated conduit and sieve. The sampling regions for each sample well is separated by a grout or expanding seal barrier. Negative pressure is optionally applied to extract fluids from the underground matrix for sampling. The device can also be used for remediating an environmental contaminant from soil or aquifers. Upon identification of at least one environmental contaminant, a remediation composition is injected into the soil or aquifer using the sampling wells of the device. The remediation fluids can be directed to specific locations by selectively utilizing one or more sampling wells to inject the remediation fluid.

Claims

1. An environmental well system, comprising: an elongated well conduit having a first end and a second end, the well conduit further including at least one well section and at least one non-well section; the well section having a plurality of perforations disposed through an outer lateral wall of the well conduit, thereby allowing fluid within the well conduit to pass through the perforations and exit the well conduit in a lateral direction; a sealant aperture disposed through the outer lateral wall of the well conduit; and a sealant line residing within the well conduit, the sealant line having a first end and a second end with the first end being angled towards and temporarily connected to the well conduit at a location that brings the sealant line into fluidic communication with the sealant aperture, such that sealant can be forced through the sealant line, and in turn, through the sealant aperture to create a seal, external to the well conduit, in a bore hole in which the well conduit resides.

2. The well system of claim 1, wherein the connection of the sealant line to the well conduit is detachable, such that the sealant line can be removed from the well conduit after the seal has been created in the bore hole.

3. The well system of claim 1, further including a plurality of well sections longitudinally spaced about the elongated well conduit, wherein each well section is bordered by a non-well section.

4. The well system of claim 1, wherein the perforations in the well section are slots having a length extending parallel to a longitudinal axis of the well conduit.

5. The well system of claim 1, wherein the perforations are equidistantly spaced in both a longitudinal direction and a circumferential direction.

6. The well system of claim 1, further including a sealant pump in fluidic connection with the second end of the sealant line.

7. The well system of claim 1, further including a packer assembly, the packer assembly further including: a first plug, a second plug, and a separation member extending between the first and second plugs, the first and second plugs adapted to fit within the well conduit; and a well line passing through the first plug, the well line terminating at an open end between the first and second plugs.

8. The well system of claim 7, wherein the first and second plugs are inflatable and in fluidic communication with inflation tubes, such that each plug can be inserted into the well conduit and inflated to create a fluid impermeable seal.

9. The well system of claim 7, wherein the separation member has a length that is generally the same or greater than a length of the well section of the well conduit.

10. The well system of claim 1, further including each non-well section having a sealant aperture and a sealant line, that resides within the well conduit, temporarily connected to the sealant aperture.

11. An environmental well system, comprising: an elongated well conduit having a first end and a second end, the well conduit further including at least one well section; the well section having a plurality of perforations disposed through an outer lateral wall of the well conduit, thereby allowing fluid within the well conduit to pass through the perforations and exit the well conduit in a lateral direction; a sealant aperture disposed through the outer lateral wall of the well conduit in one of the non-well sections; a sealant line residing within the well conduit, the sealant line having a first end and a second end with the first end being temporarily connected to the well conduit at a location that brings the sealant line into fluidic communication with the sealant aperture, such that sealant can be forced through the sealant line, and in turn, through the sealant aperture to create a seal, external to the well conduit, in a bore hole in which the well conduit resides; and the connection of the sealant line to the well conduit being detachable, such that the sealant line can be removed from the well conduit after the seal has been created in the bore hole.

12. The well system of claim 11, further including a plurality of well sections longitudinally spaced about the elongated well conduit, wherein each well section is bordered by a non-well section.

13. The well system of claim 11, wherein the perforations in the well section are slots having a length extending parallel to a longitudinal axis of the well conduit.

14. The well system of claim 11, wherein the perforations are equidistantly spaced in both a longitudinal direction and a circumferential direction.

15. The well system of claim 11, further including a sealant pump in fluidic connection with the second end of the sealant line.

16. The well system of claim 11, further including a packer assembly, the packer assembly further including: a first plug, a second plug, and a separation member extending between the first and second plugs, the first and second plugs adapted to fit within the well conduit; and a well line passing through the first plug, the well line terminating at an open end between the first and second plugs.

17. The well system of claim 16, wherein the first and second plugs are inflatable and in fluidic communication with inflation tubes, such that each plug can be inserted into the well conduit and inflated to create a fluid impermeable seal.

18. The well system of claim 16, wherein the separation member has a length that is generally the same or greater than a length of the well section of the well conduit.

19. The well system of claim 11, further including each non-well section having a sealant aperture and a sealant line, that resides within the well conduit, temporarily connected to the sealant aperture.

20. An environmental well system, comprising: an elongated well conduit having a first end and a second end, the well conduit further including a plurality of well sections, with a plurality of non-well sections; each well section having a plurality of perforations disposed through an outer lateral wall of the well conduit, thereby allowing fluid within the well conduit to pass through the perforations and exit the well conduit in a lateral direction; a plurality of sealant apertures, each sealant aperture disposed through the outer lateral wall of the well conduit proximate one of the non-well sections; a plurality of sealant lines residing within the well conduit, each sealant line having a first end and a second end with the first end being temporarily connected to the well conduit at a location that brings the sealant line into fluidic communication with one of the sealant apertures, such that sealant can be forced through the sealant line, and in turn, through the sealant aperture without discharging sealant into the well conduit thereby creating a seal, external to the well conduit, in a bore hole in which the well conduit resides; and the connections of the sealant lines to the well conduit being detachable, such that the sealant lines can be removed from the well conduit after the seals have been created in the bore hole.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) For a fuller understanding of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.

(2) FIG. 1 is an isometric view of the sampling system, showing the sample well bundle within the installation sleeve.

(3) FIG. 2 is an isometric view of the injection system showing a section of the components of the sample well bundle with tacking prior to being loaded into the installation sleeve.

(4) FIG. 3 is a cross section view of the HDD drill set-up, showing the and bore hole.

(5) FIG. 4 is an isometric view of the corrugated sampling mesh system.

(6) FIG. 5 is a transverse cross section injection system, showing the corrugated sampling mesh, and sample well.

(7) FIG. 6 is an illustration of the initial assessment of a test site, prior to installation of the injection system.

(8) FIG. 7 is an illustration of the baseline assessment of the test site shown in FIG. 6, showing initial assessment from the injection system.

(9) FIG. 8 is an illustration of the final assessment of the test site shown in FIG. 6, showing the final assessment from the injection system.

(10) FIG. 9 is an illustration of a prior assessment on a test site shown, showing Volatile Organic Aromatic (VOA) compounds, which is determined as the sum of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes. Bolded numbers indicate levels of VOAs in parts per billion (i.e. mg/L) in the groundwater samples collected.

(11) FIG. 10 is an illustration of the final assessment of the test site shown in FIG. 9, showing the final assessment from the injection system.

(12) FIG. 11 is an elevation view of an embodiment of the present invention.

(13) FIG. 12 is a close-up view of the section in FIG. 11 identified by circular callout 23.

(14) FIG. 13 is a close-up view of the section in FIG. 11 identified by circular callout 21.

(15) FIG. 14 is an elevation view of an embodiment of the present invention with the internal grout lines removed and grout cured within the bore hole.

(16) FIG. 15 is an elevation view of an embodiment of the present invention with one packer assembly secured within the well conduit.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

(17) The disclosed device is a sampling system used in environmental well applications. Advantageously, the system can be used for both extraction of fluid and injection of fluids. For example, sampling systems have applications in extraction and testing of groundwater or vapor that may be contaminated. In some instances, the sampling system can also be used for remediation, such as extraction of the contaminant, or injection of chemicals, elements or remedial materials that aide in environmental restoration.

(18) As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “a biological material” includes a mixture of two or more materials and the like.

(19) As used herein, “about” means approximately and is understood to refer to a numerical value or range of ±15% of the numerical. Moreover, all numerical ranges herein should be understood to include all integer, whole or fractions, within the range.

(20) As used herein “matrix” means a material containing an environmental contaminant.

(21) Examples of substrates include soil, clay, bedrock, and water sources, such as ponds and lakes.

(22) As used herein “corrugation” or “corrugated” refers to a structure having wavy or ridged surface.

(23) As used herein “chemical remediator” is any compound that reacts with and degrades a contaminant, such as a hydrocarbon. Chemical remediators can include oxidizing chemicals or reducing chemicals.

(24) As used herein “oxidizing chemical” means a chemical that possesses the capacity to undergo a reaction in which electrons are obtained from another material identified as an environmental contaminant.

(25) As used herein “reducing chemical” means a chemical that possesses the capacity to undergo a reaction in which electrons are lost to another material identified as an environmental contaminant.

(26) As used herein “biological remediator” is any microbe having a natural or genetically engineered ability to degrade, metabolize, or otherwise remediate an environmental contaminant a contaminant, such as a hydrocarbon.

(27) As used herein the terms “microorganism” and “microbe” refer to tiny organisms. Most microorganisms and microbes are unicellular, although some multicellular organisms are microscopic, while some unicellular protists and bacteria (e.g., T. namibiensis) called are visible to the naked eye. Microorganisms and microbes include, but are not limited to, bacteria, fungi, archaea and protists, microscopic plants, and animals (e.g., plankton, the planarian, the amoeba) and the like.

(28) Contaminant remediation requires identification of a contaminated matrix, i.e. location of the contaminant, and degradation or removal of the contaminant. However, as most remediators are not without side effects, it is preferable to have focused contaminant treatment, directed to the contaminant. However, previous systems indiscriminately undergo treatment—whether through indirect injection of remediator or generalized removal of contaminated fluids—resulting in chemicals or biologicals in uncontaminated soil, and higher-than-required amounts of chemicals or biologicals applied to the environmental matrix. As such, a remediation composition delivery system is provided that allows for directed injection of a chemical or biological agent into the soil and/or groundwater to treat contamination. Advantageously, the system can also be used for detection of subsurface contaminants.

Example 1

(29) Sampling system 1 comprises a plurality of sampling wells 10, designated 10A and 10B, with each sampling well terminating in a sampling mesh 15, such as sampling mesh 15A on a first end of sampling well 10A, sampling mesh 15B on a first end of sampling well 10B, and sampling mesh 15C on a first end of sampling well 10C. The sampling mesh covers a first end of the sampling well, designed to collect material from a matrix for sampling, and is formed of a corrugated and slotted sampling system, as described in U.S. application Ser. No. 15/066,811. Briefly, a corrugated conduit with a sampling channel formed from the removal of corrugation ribs is inserted over the sampling end of a sample well tube. The corrugated conduit is capped, and covered in a sieve. A grout spacer is disposed between sampling mesh 15A and sampling mesh 15B, preventing bleed over of analytes between the two sampling regions.

(30) In an embodiment, sampling system 1 comprises a large number of sampling wells, designated 10A through 10F in FIG. 1. While the disclosure is made with respect to numerous sampling wells with the same diameter, it is contemplated that the inventive system can use sampling wells having differing diameters. Advantageously, an embodiment of the present system can accommodate 11 sampling wells having a 0.5-inch OD with a 1.25-inch sieve, in a 4-inch borehole.

Example 2

(31) Sampling system 1 was prepared by inserting a sampling mesh 15, formed of tubular mesh or corrugated filter as described in Example 1 with a 1.25-inch outer dimeter, on a first end of a high density polypropylene tubing having a 0.5-inch OD and ⅜-inch ID. The tubes form a channel for sampling wells 10. This process was repeated with tubing of various lengths, such as each tube differing by 10 feet. The plurality of tubes were aligned with the second end of each tube aligned with the other tubes, as seen in FIG. 2. The longest tube was designated the anchor sampling well 12. The remaining tubes were tacked to anchor sampling well 12 at sample well tacking 16, forming a sampling well bundle. Methods of tacking the sampling wells to the anchor sampling well would be evident to one of skill in the art upon review of this disclosure. Non-limiting examples include adhesive tape, a pull line, pull ties, mill tape, liquid adhesives, screws, binding straps, or rope/twine.

(32) At least one grout line 20 (e.g., 20A-20C) was assembled into the sampling well bundle, running opposite the sampling wells, thereby limiting the space required for the sample well bundle. Nonlimiting examples of grout lines are 0.5-inch or ⅜-inch tubing. This orientation minimizes the bore hole size, keeps the drilling process small and efficient, and allows for improved drill control and enhanced bend radius when drilling. This also enables well designs and site locations that would not be available using sample well bundles having the sample wells and grout lines running in the same direction.

(33) First grout line 20A was oriented such that a first end terminates along the tubing for the anchor sampling well 12. Where sample well tubing is provided in 10 foot sections, the grout line terminates about 4 feet beyond sampling mesh 15, i.e. the grout line and sample well overlap by about 4 feet.

(34) Where a third sample well is included in the sample well bundle, a second grout line is assembled into the sampling well bundle. Second grout line 20B is oriented such that a first end terminates along the tubing for second sample well 10B. As described above, second grout line 20B is disposed along the tubing for second sample well 10B, such that second grout line 20B overlaps second sample well 10B. Additional grout lines can be included, based on the formula G=W−1, where G is the number of grout lines and W is the number of wells. In each instance, the grout line will overlap with the tubing of a sample well and terminate between the sample mesh of one sample well and another sample well.

(35) After the grout lines were oriented into the sample well bundle, the grout lines were tacked to anchor sample well 12 at grout line tacking 17. Grout line tacking 17 was disposed along the tubing of anchor well 12 adjacent to sample mesh 12A, as seen in FIG. 2. The grout lines were tacked to the anchor line using materials that would be evident to one of skill in the art upon review of this disclosure. Non-limiting examples include duct tape, screws, binding straps, and pull ties.

(36) The sample well bundle was loaded into sleeve 2, which comprises a high density polypropylene conduit. For smaller sample well bundles, sleeve 2 has a 2.95-inch internal diameter and 3.5-inch outer diameter. However, for larger sample well bundles, sleeve 2 has an outer diameter of 4.5-inches or 5.56-inches, and has a standard dimension ratio (SDR) of about 13.5. The sample well bundle was anchored to a first end of sleeve 2. Non-limiting examples of devices that anchor the sample well bundle include a pull line (mill tape or rope/twine) tied to an anchor point on the sleeve or drill pull. A drill pull swivel was mounted to a second end of sleeve 2.

(37) In some embodiments, the sample well bundle, loaded into sleeve 2, was spooled and placed on the back of a trailer. This increases the speed of installation as it eliminates the need to build and assemble the sample well bundle at the site. Moreover, installation cannot be performed in some sites for various reasons, such as lack of space to assemble the bundle. Therefore, these embodiments enable well designs and site locations that would not be otherwise available for testing. The designs utilized herein are advantageous as no other well screen systems are capable of spooling, as regular well screens break, or are too stiff to spool.

(38) A 6-inch drill tip (bit) was used for the sampling system installation, though other drill tip sizes have been used, such as 4-inch to 8-inch bits, and are encompassed in the disclosure. The HDD drill was placed at an entry point, A, and advanced from the entry point at an applicable angle depending on space and layout considerations. Typical installations use an entry angle of 20% to 30%. As the drill rod was advanced and as it approaches a target depth, B, the angle was removed slowly until the rod and drill tip were at 0%, i.e. horizontal or parallel to the matrix surface. A drilling fluid (bentonite, mud or other environmentally safe fluid) was used to perform steerable mud rotary auger techniques and ensure the bore stays open and cuttings were removed from the bore hole. Drill mud was collected at the surface using a vacuum truck or other vacuum equipment, as is known in the art. The drill was advanced at about 0%, or at 0%, until the borehole length was achieved. The drill was then angled, such as 20%, to advance the drill back to the matrix surface, at exit point C, as seen in FIG. 3.

(39) The drill pull swivel was attached to a horizontal direction drill (HDD) bit. The HDD reaming head was placed at exit point C, and advanced back through the borehole drilling backward, i.e. the hole was back reamed, using a mud to lubricate sleeve 2. During the back reaming, sleeve 2, containing the sample well bundle, was moved into the borehole. At the surface, the HDD drill was disconnected from sleeve 2. Mud break fluid was added to the sleeve, such as, Hydrogen Peroxide, Chlorine, Thinzlt® (Wyo-Ben, Inc., Billings, Mo.), Aquaclear® PFD (Halliburton Co., Houston, Tex.). Typical products are formed of a lubricant and acidic solution, bentonite, with or without additives like potassium formate, and mixes of cellulose, clay and/or silica with additives. Optional lubricants include polyalphaolefins, polybutenes, and polyolesters having a viscosity of about 20-400 centistokes, such as polyolesters including neopentyl glycols, trimethylolpropanes, pentaerythritols and dipentaerythritols, and non-toxic petroleum-based lubricants, like white mineral, paraffinic and MVI naphthenic oils having the aforementioned viscosity range. Additives can include bonding agents, such as an acrylic, silicone, urethane, hydrocarbon, epoxy, and/or lacquer resins. The additives can also include non-toxic solid fillers, such as, for example, calcium carbonate, tricalcium phosphate, cerium fluoride, graphite, mica or talc. The composition may further include conventionally used rust, corrosion and/or oxidation inhibitor. Other examples of compositions of mud break fluid are disclosed in Oldiges, et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,286,393); Allison (U.S. Pat. No. 4,618,433); Art (U.S. Pat. No. 3,557,876); Harmon (U.S. Pat. No. 4,659,486); and Patel, et al. (U.S. Pat. No. 5,424,284).

(40) The sample well bundle was anchored and sleeve 2 attached to a reel and spool trailer or other removal device. Sleeve 2 was removed from the borehole. The matrix surrounding the sample well bundle was allowed to settle. The well system (well segments) was developed by using suction pumps or a vacuum truck to remove drill mud and allow the formation to equalize around the well materials. Each tube for the sample well was attached to a manifold or directly to the pump, and then activated, thereby removing mud and water from the matrix surrounding the sample well. Well development usually requires at least 3 hours, which varies with matrix lithology. For example, in a fine sand soil, collapse occurs within 30 minutes, as evidenced by the fact that the devices can no longer be shifted, whereas clay soils require 3 hours or more. In some instances, the wells were reoriented within 5 to 10 minutes of insertion into the matrix to ensure the final placement was exact.

(41) Grout or sealant was inserted into grout line 20 and injected into the matrix. The grout can be bentonite, environmentally safe foams, Portland cement, expanding polyurethane foam, or a combination thereof. An example of environmentally safe foam is AlchemyPolymers AP Soil 600 (Alchemy-Spetec, Tucker, Ga.). The grout was inserted using a positive pump, such as chambered diaphragm pump, or other positive displacement system. Non-limiting examples include Delavan 2200 or FB2 pumps. The grout fills voids in the matrix, and optionally fills about ⅕ of the well space, forming a seal between the sampling regions of the sample wells. As an example, a grout or sealant source was fixed of a second end of first grout line 20A, located on entry point A and the grout or sealant pressurized to force the grout or sealant out of the first end of first grout line 20A, isolating sampling mesh 15A from sampling mesh 15B. Where more than two sample wells were provided, the grout or sealant source was fixed to a second end of second grout line 20B, and the grout or sealant injected into second grout line 20B as before. The process was repeated for any additional grout lines. Optionally, after grouting or sealing the system, the grout lines were cut and Portland cement, i.e., sealant 37, was placed on the bore hole head side and bore hole exit side of the hole.

Example 3

(42) Sampling mesh 15 was optionally formed of corrugated conduit 30, which comprises a plurality of corrugated ridges formed of trough 34 and peak 35 disposed perpendicular to the axis of corrugated conduit 30, as seen in FIG. 4. The corrugated conduit was formed of low density polyethylene (LDPE) tubing. Sample well 10 ran parallel to the axis of corrugated conduit 30, and terminates in the interior of corrugated conduit 30. Sampling channel 36 was formed from partial removal of the corrugated conduit, i.e. external rib 32b, while retaining the remainder of the corrugated conduit, i.e. internal rib 32a. As an example, a circular saw can be used to remove external rib 32b while retaining internal rib 32a, and allow the conduit's internal rib to collect liquids in the ground for matrix sampling or leak the fluid uniformly over the body length for remediation. The remaining portions of the external rib after formation of sampling channel 36 provide channels that allow fluid to travel around the body of sampling mesh 15 and into the interior of corrugated conduit 30 for collection by sample well 10.

(43) Sieve 38 was the outermost portion of sampling mesh 15 and encases corrugated conduit 30. The sieve is a geotextile sock, formed of polyester or stainless steel. The ends of sieve 38 were fixed to sample well 10 on a first end by sieve fastener 39. Sieve fastener 39 may be any fastener known in the art for fixing to tubular structures. Examples of fasteners include tie wraps for the sieve at the lower-most section and steel, plastic, or metal bands or tie wraps around the sieve and tubing at the upper-most section. Sieve 38 was fixed to the corrugated conduit on one end, and an end cap or a fused material on a second end. For example, the sieve material, such as the geotextile sock, is optionally fused on the second end. Where the sieve material is fused on the second end, the sieve has a general appearance of a “tube sock”. The sieve is connected to the sample well.

(44) The sampling end of the sample well tubing was disposed in interior 32 of corrugated conduit 30. The rib of corrugated conduit 30 provides a pocket between corrugated conduit 30 and sieve 38, allowing the fluid to flow around the body exterior of corrugated conduit, while the soil was supported by sieve 38, as seen in FIG. 5.

Example 4

(45) In matrices having strong lithography, i.e. the matrix will not immediately collapse a bore hole, the sampling system was installed without back reaming. In this embodiment, the matrix analysis indicates that the bore hole can withstand the lateral pressure long enough to enable removal of sleeve 2.

(46) Sampling system 1 was prepared by attaching sampling mesh 15 to sampling well 10, as provided in Example 2. This process was repeated with tubing of various sizes. The plurality of tubes for the sample wells were aligned and tacked to the anchor sampling well at sample well tacking 16, forming a sampling well bundle, as provided in Example 2.

(47) At least one grout line 20 was assembled into the sampling well bundle, running opposite the sampling wells, thereby limiting the space required for the sample well bundle, as provided in Example 2. First grout line 20A was oriented such that a first end terminates along the tubing for the anchor sampling well 12. Where a third sample well is included in the sample well bundle, a second grout line is assembled into the sampling well bundle, which were oriented as described in the previous examples. After the grout lines were oriented into the sample well bundle, the grout lines were tacked to the anchor sample well at grout line tacking 17. Grout line tacking 17 is disposed along the tubing of anchor well 12 adjacent to sample mesh 12A, as seen in FIG. 2.

(48) The sample well bundle was loaded into sleeve 2, and the sample well bundle anchored to a first end of sleeve 2, as provided in previous examples. A drill pull swivel was mounted to a second end of sleeve 2. The sample well bundle was optionally spooled and placed on the back of a trailer.

(49) The drill pull swivel was attached to a horizontal direction drill (HDD) bit. The HDD drill bit was placed at exit point C, and advanced through the borehole using a mud to lubricate sleeve 2, as provided for the initial HDD drilling in Example 2. During the drilling, sleeve 2, containing the sample well bundle, was moved into the borehole, i.e. the bore hole was not back reamed. At the surface, the HDD drill was disconnected from sleeve 2. The sleeve was filled with mud break fluid. The sample well bundle was anchored and sleeve 2 attached to a reel and spool trailer or other removal device. Sleeve 2 was removed from the borehole. The matrix surrounding the sample well bundle was allowed to settle. The well system (well segments) was developed by using suction pumps or a vacuum truck to remove drill mud and allow the formation to equalize around the well materials. Each tube for the sample well was attached to a manifold or pump and mud and water removed from the matrix surrounding the wells. Well development usually requires at least 3 hours, which varies with matrix lithology.

(50) Grout or sealant was inserted into grout line 20 and injected into the matrix, as provided in Example 2. As an example, a grout or sealant source was fixed of a second end of first grout line 20A, located on entry point A and the grout or sealant pressurized to force the grout or sealant out of the first end of first grout line 20A, isolating sampling mesh 15A from sampling mesh 15B. The process was repeated for any additional grout lines. Optionally, after grouting or sealing the system, the grout lines are cut and bentonite, i.e., sealant 37 is placed on the bore hole head side and bore hole exit side of the hole.

Example 5

(51) A contamination site in south Florida, currently in use and containing buildings required contamination detection and analysis. A common issue for contamination detection and analysis is the existence of a building or structure impeding access to contaminated soil. In many instances, the building or structure lies above the source of contamination, where soil sampling is most advantageous. Data gaps typically cause significant problems in contamination sampling, leading to prolonged remediation and higher costs. Even though assessment is well recognized, and high resolution site characterization (HRSC) has made great advances in more complete more accurate assessments, this problem has not been addressed by known sampling, detection, and analysis methodology.

(52) The south Florida site contained an active i.e. in-use, 80 foot wide building with an assortment of equipment and small hallways, as seen in FIG. 6. Silty sand and sandy clays typical of Florida reside in the top 15 ft. The lithology transitions to a clay confining layer at 15 to 17 ft below land surface (bls). Sampling systems would lead to a very costly and disruptive interior assessment, preventing use of HRSC or other traditional sampling systems. Initial assessment of the contamination suggested a high contamination concentration at the southwest portion of the building, of around 4800 ppb. The present invention was installed at the site, including one vertical bore well installed inside the building (MW-17) and four horizontal bore wells outside the building, seen in FIG. 7.

(53) Horizontal bore holes were formed using horizontal directional drilling (HDD), and a plurality of sample wells 10 were installed into a bore hole. This allowed for the bore hole to be drilled from outside the structure, but precisely located under the building, which was required to obtain accurate data on the site contamination. Concurrently, the use of multiple sampling wells in a single bore hole permits minimal-impact on the environmental matrix, while also permitting testing at multiple locations under the structure to accurately and precisely determine sources of contamination.

(54) Where multiple sampling locations are required that are spread throughout the site, such as seen in FIG. 7, more than one bore hole can be used. The horizontal spacing can be adjusted as required for the site, which would be within the skill of one in the art. For example, wells can be installed 10 ft on center to allow increased precision similar to HRSC data collection, at 25 ft on center, or farther, as required. The wells were installed directly on top of the clay confining layer at the site, and are designated by the dot-hyphen lines (-⋅⋅-) shown in FIG. 8. It was known that the solvents sank down to this layer and the most concentrated sample results would be collected from this depth (approximately 15 ft bls). Five monitoring wells, screened from 5-15, characterize the plume, MW-17, MW-28, MW-13, MW32I, and MW-18, as seen in FIG. 8. These wells were developed and sampled after the development water cleared and in situ parameters stabilized. Initial assessment using the injection devices showed a concentration at the southwest corner at 3500 ppb. The multi-channel well installation of the invention allowed the sampling to provide a clearer location for the contaminant source and a more accurate representation of the plume. This permitted for formation of a directed, specific remediation plan to move forward. The provided data has the clarity and spacing similar to HRSC tools. Unlike most HRSC tools, these wells can be resampled again and again. This allows for re-monitoring of the site conditions, instead of having to recomplete a HRSC event.

(55) Sampling indicated that the most impacted well, MW-1700, had a concentration of HVOCs of 4,800 ppb, as seen in FIG. 8. Analysis of the collected data showed the highest levels of HVOCs were focused in a zone under the building, presumably indicating a source of the contaminant, and also provided a reliable estimate of contaminant mass present. Further, the data showed a clear indication of the iso-contours of the contaminant plume.

(56) Advantageously, the bore holes provide numerous utilities to the site operator. The sampling performed after installation provided a detailed description of the contaminant, as described above, and allowed for a directed, specific remediation plan. For example, after review of the data, it was decided to place screens for future treatment, and the locations for the screens determined. Chemical oxidant treatment (ChemOx) was elected for remediation due to the rapidity of contaminant removal. The screens allow for ChemOx treatment at a precise depth, as well as to target specific locales for treatment. However, where quick remediation is not required, treatment can be via bio-remediation or extraction of the groundwater. The sampling wells can be used for injection of chemical, biological, or other remediator, i.e. injection, using the same device, thus the device is multipurpose. Advantageously, this decreases installation time, costs, and impact on the substrate, such as soil, since the device need be installed only once.

(57) In instances such as this site, not all the wells have to be used for treatment; some can be reserved for sampling only. The installation occurs congruent to the lithology and plume shape. It allows better treatment and less overall drilling. Only one vault is needed per well group minimizing unsightly well pads. Further, installation and use of the inventive device significantly reduced costs.

Example 6

(58) A convenience store and fuel station was tested for contamination using traditional sampling wells, as seen in FIG. 9. Sampling showed Volatile Organics Aromatics (VOAs) reached a maximum of 3200 parts per billion (micrograms per liter) immediately adjacent to the pumping island in the groundwater samples. A second sampling well identified groundwater containing 80 ppb of VOAs. All other sampling wells reported negligible amounts of VOAs.

(59) The operator of the test site requested subsequent testing of the site. The inventive system was installed for additional assessment and treatment. The sampling wells were installed as described in Examples 2-4. Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) equipment was installed on unoccupied land adjacent to the test site, which remained in use during installation for both the store and fuel station. Two boreholes were drilled, seen in FIG. 10 as dot-hyphen lines (-⋅⋅-), and six sampling wells installed as described in Example 1. The use of the six wells permitted development of iso-contours, and facilitated pin-pointing the contamination impact more precisely. The well systems were installed in one day, under the canopy in previously difficult, poorly accessible, locations.

(60) The inventive system sampling showed three locations on the site having VOAs at above 1000 ppb levels, as seen in FIG. 10. Maximum levels were found to be 7740 ppb along the east side of the fuel station. An area around the highest-contaminated area possessed VOAs of 3200 ppb. The sampling wells also identified an area under the fueling station with VOA levels of 1150 ppb. Two additional sites identified VOA levels above 100 ppb, one on the northern portion of the fuel station with VOA levels of 308 ppb and a second location to the east of the fueling station with VOAs of 184 ppb. The most impacted area is identified to the east of MW-5 and under the canopy. Concentrations are twice as contaminated as previously identified. The data from the sampling wells is being used to develop of plan to surgically target the impact with remedial compositions. The remedial compositions will be injected into the site using the sampling wells.

Example 7

(61) Referring now to FIGS. 11-15, an embodiment of the well system includes a well conduit having multiple partitionable well segments contained therein. Existing prior well systems having multiple well segments all residing within a continuous well conduit were incapable of easily partitioning each segment on both the internal and external surfaces of the well conduit. An embodiment of the present invention overcomes this issue through (1) the use of at least one internally-residing (residing within the well conduit) sealant/grout line adapted to externally discharge (discharge outside of the well conduit) sealant/grout and (2) at least one internal packer system or other sealer for partitioning the internal lumen of the conduit. As previously explained, the term “grout” refers to a, preferably expanding, sealant type material. Nonlimiting examples of grout or expanding sealant are Portland cement, expanding gel sealants, bentonite, expanding, preferably environmentally friendly, foams, or a combination thereof.

(62) Well conduit 40 is preferably made of a rigid or semi-rigid material to ensure that it can maintain its structural integrity when being forced into a horizontal bore hole. The level of rigidity must be sufficient such that the conduit having one or more well sections 41 that are perforated or slotted will not structurally fail during insertion. In addition, well conduit 40 preferably includes a non-corrugated outer surface for enhanced rigidity.

(63) As depicted most clearly in FIGS. 11 and 14, an embodiment of well conduit 40 includes several slotted well sections 41 and several non-slotted, non-well sections 43. Well sections 41 are those having a plurality of relatively closely spaced slots 24 allowing fluid within the conduit to be discharged to the external media surrounding the conduit and vice versa. Non-well sections 43 are those sections existing between the slotted sections. In an embodiment, each section is 10 feet in length, however, the dimensions can be determined or adjusted based on the preferred coverage areas for a specific site.

(64) As depicted most clearly in FIGS. 11 and 13, slots 24 allow for the dissemination of fluids through the outer, lateral wall of well conduit 40. Slots 24 are preferably equidistantly spaced from each other and preferably equidistantly arranged about the circumference of well conduit 40 to ensure that fluid can pass evenly through the lateral wall of well conduit 40 in both the longitudinal and circumferential directions within a slotted section. In an embodiment, each slot is roughly 1.5 inches in length and the slots are longitudinally spaced 4.5 inches from each other. Depending on the lithology of the site and the fluid passing through the slots, the size and spacing of the slots may be adjusted.

(65) In an embodiment, each slots 24 is a relatively thin, elongated shape. The length of each slot extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of well conduit 40. Slots 24 are oriented in this manner to reduce the amount of conduit material that is eliminated by the slots in a circumferential direction. The lateral, circumferential surface of the conduit is thus stronger and more rigid than if the elongated slots were oriented such that their respective lengths extended in a circumferential direction.

(66) In an embodiment, slots 24 have a circular shape, rather than a slot shape. However, these circular-shaped apertures must be properly spaced about the circumference of the well conduit to ensure that the well conduit can be inserted into a horizontal bore hole without structurally failing due to a weakened outer wall.

(67) As most clearly shown in FIGS. 11-12, at least one non-well section of conduit 40 includes a sealant aperture 26 extending through the outer, lateral wall of conduit 40. In an embodiment, elbow joint 28 is temporarily mated to the internal surface of conduit 40 with first end 28A of elbow joint 28 opening to sealant aperture 26. Second end 28B of elbow joint 28 is fluidly coupled to grout line (also referred to as “sealant line”) 20, which is connected to a sealant pump that is not depicted. The sealant pump pushes sealant, such as grout, through sealant line 20, as depicted by arrows 27. The sealant in turn passes through elbow joint 28 and sealant aperture 26. The internally-residing sealant line 20 and elbow joint 28 ensure that the sealant line remains intact and undamaged when conduit 40 is inserted into the bore hole.

(68) As depicted best in FIGS. 14 and 15, sealant 37 fills sections of bore hole 44 around conduit 40 to partition bore hole 44. The external seals created by sealant 37 allows a single conduit to create multiple separated well sites within a single bore hole. Thus, each site can be treated independent from the other sites.

(69) Referring back to FIG. 12, the interconnection between elbow 28 and conduit 40 is designed to be temporary such that each elbow 28 and sealant line 20 can be completely removed from the internal lumen of conduit 40 when sealant 37 has been injected into bore hole 44. The temporary attachment may be accomplished through circumferential perforations 45 between second end 28B of elbow 28 and conduit 40. Alternatively, the connection can be temporary through any other methods known to a person of ordinary skill in the art, including but not limited to a purposefully weakened of the structural connection between the elbow and conduit, an adhesive particularly susceptible to shear forces, or any mechanism adapted to sever the connection in response to an operator pulling the sealant line with a force in excess of a predetermined threshold. Regardless of the technique, elbow 28 is adapted to breakaway from conduit 40 in response to a tension force, exceeding a predetermined threshold, being applied to sealant line 20.

(70) Once sealant 37 has been injected into bore hole 44 and the various elbows 28 and sealant lines 20 have been removed from the internal lumen of conduit 40 (see FIG. 14), the conduit is ready to receive one or more packer assemblies to internally separate well sections of well conduit 40. A single packer assembly is depicted in FIG. 15. In an embodiment, conduit 40 may need to be reamed to remove any sealant that may have entered the lumen of conduit 40 prior to inserting the packer assembly.

(71) The packer assembly includes first plug 46 longitudinally spaced from second plug 48 via a, preferably rigid, separation member 49. Separation member 49 has a length generally equal to the length of the well section that the packer assembly is intended to partition. In an embodiment, each plug 46, 48 is preferably inflatable via inflation tubes 50. Thus, each plug can be deflated to allow for easier insertion and translation of the packer assembly within conduit 40. Once plugs 46, 48 are bordering a well section, they can be inflated via inflation tubes 50 to create a fluid tight seal. The combination of external sealant 37 and internal plugs 46, 48 create a completely partitioned well site within a single bore hole using a single conduit.

(72) At least one of plugs 46, 48 includes well line passageway 52 through which well line 54 passes to bring the open distal aperture 56 of well line 54 into the partitioned well site. Well line passageway 52 is preferably adapted to create a fluid impermeably seal when well line 54 resides within passageway 52.

(73) In an embodiment, the plugs are configured to inflate when an inflation trigger is actuated. The plugs are prefilled with compressed gas, which is released upon actuation of the inflation trigger. Actuation can be achieved via a radio controller, or other wireless communications systems, or via a mechanical method, such as a cord connected to the trigger that extends out of the well and can be manipulated by a user. An embodiment of the plugs is also configured to be compressed in shape and can be released into a larger non-compressed shape via actuation of a trigger, which may be wirelessly or mechanically controlled similar to the embodiment previously described. Embodiments also include alternative plug designs that are tapered or conical in shape, such that the plugs can be moved in a first direction, but resist movement in a second direction thereby allowing the plugs to be temporarily secured in place.

(74) In an embodiment, there are a plurality of packer systems that may be inserted into conduit 40 at the same time using passageways 52 or alternative passageways, not depicted, that receive additional independent well lines and inflation tubes. Alternatively, a single packer system can be used for a conduit having multiple well sections. The single packer system can be moved to border different well sections of conduit 40 to treat these different sites with different fluids.

(75) In an embodiment, more than one permanent packer assembly is used to separate well sections of the conduit. In this embodiment, multiple independent well lines are secured within the conduit such that the distal open apertures of each well line reside within a well section. After the external sealant has been inserted into the bore hole, the sealant lines can be pulled out of the conduit with the exception of the most distal sealant line. The connection between the most distal sealant line and the conduit is broken and then the most distal sealant line can be moved proximally throughout the conduit with sealant being discharged at precise times. Knowing the dimensions of the conduit and the separation distance between well sections, the most distal sealant line can be pulled out of the conduit at measured intervals to insert sealant into the conduit at the non-well sections. With the plurality of well lines still in place and the sealant having created a plurality of independent well sites through both the internal lumen of the conduit and the bore hole, different fluid can be inserted into the different well sites through the independent well lines. The single conduit of the present invention in a single bore hole is able to establish multiple independent well sites.

(76) In the preceding specification, all documents, acts, or information disclosed do not constitute an admission that the document, act, or information of any combination thereof was publicly available, known to the public, part of the general knowledge in the art, or was known to be relevant to solve any problem at the time of priority.

(77) The disclosures of all publications cited above are expressly incorporated herein by reference, each in its entirety, to the same extent as if each were incorporated by reference individually.

(78) While there has been described and illustrated specific embodiments it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variations and modifications are possible without deviating from the broad spirit and principle of the present invention. It is also to be understood that the following claims are intended to cover all of the generic and specific features of the invention herein described, and all statements of the scope of the invention which, as a matter of language, might be said to fall therebetween.

GLOSSARY OF CLAIM TERMS

(79) Connected: refers to an indirect or direct connection. Sealant Line: is a tubular body adapted to deliver sealant. Sealant: is a substance that creates a generally fluid impermeable seal.