Method and use of <i>Radix puerariae </i>polysaccharide in promoting lipid-lowering activity

Abstract

A preparation of a homogeneous polysaccharide from a Radix Puerariae aqueous extract is provided and the lipid-lowering activity of the polysaccharide is studied. It is proved through in vivo experiments that the homogeneous polysaccharide QL extracted from Radix Puerariae (a genuine medicinal material in Jiangxi Province) in the present disclosure has significant lipid-lowering activity, can significantly reduce a serum triglyceride content and a liver index, and can be used to develop a potential safe and effective lipid-lowering drug.

Claims

1. A method of using Radix Puerariae polysaccharide QL to promote lipid-lowering activity in a subject, comprising: preparing a therapeutically effective dosage of a Radix Puerariae polysaccharide QL; wherein, the Radix Puerariae polysaccharide QL is a homopolysaccharide composed of one monosaccharide glucose, and has a molecular weight of 10 KDa to 60 KDa, a protein content of 0.64%, no glycuronic acid, and a sugar content of 98.7%; wherein, an infrared spectrum (IR) of the Radix Puerariae polysaccharide QL shows typical polysaccharide absorption peaks comprising a hydroxyl absorption peak around 3,300 cm.sup.−1, and a glycosyl absorption peak around 957 cm.sup.−1, but shows no carbonyl absorption peak at 1,700 cm.sup.−1, the IR of the Radix Puerariae polysaccharide QL is consistent with a measured glycuronic acid content; wherein, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis confirms that the Radix Puerariae polysaccharide QL is composed of glucose, wherein most glucose units are linked through α-1,3-Glu and a small number of glucose units are linked through terminal-Glu; and wherein, an atomic force microscopy (AFM) test shows that a spatial structure of the Radix Puerariae polysaccharide QL has a spherical characteristic; administering the therapeutically effective dosage of a Radix Puerariae polysaccharide QL in vivo to the subject at a dosage between 25 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of preparing the Radix Puerariae polysaccharide QL further comprises the following steps: crushing Radix Puerariae, conducting an extraction 3 times with 90° C. water in a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20, and filtering; concentrating a resulting aqueous extract solution to a density of 1.1 to 1.2, adding absolute ethanol at a volume 2 times a volume of a concentrate, and filtering to obtain a precipitate; re-dissolving the precipitate in water, removing pigments with activated carbon, and centrifuging to obtain a supernatant; lyophilizing the supernatant to obtain a crude polysaccharide; dissolving the crude polysaccharide in distilled water under a magnetic stirring, centrifuging, and adding a resulting supernatant to a macroporous resin column HP-20 for a first separation; eluting the resulting supernatant with pure water, a 10% ethanol solution, and a 20% ethanol solution, and collecting each eluate; combining same eluates based on phenol-sulphuric acid chromogenic results and 490 nm detection results, and concentrating, dialyzing, and lyophilizing to obtain 3 secondary components; dissolving a secondary component eluted with the 10% ethanol solution in distilled water, adding a resulting solution to a 1.5 m×2.5 cm Sephacryl S-200 column for a second separation, eluting the resulting solution with distilled water; and collecting each eluate; and combining same eluates based on phenol-sulphuric acid chromogenic results and 490 nm detection results, and concentrating and lyophilizing to obtain the Radix Puerariae polysaccharide QL.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 shows a high-performance gel-permeation chromatography (HPGPC) chromatogram of QL (TSK-GEL GMPWXL gel column (300×7.6 mm); eluent: 0.1% NaCl; flow rate: 1.0 mL/min; and DAD 210 nm detection);

(2) FIG. 2 is a C-NMR spectrum of the Radix Puerariae polysaccharide QL;

(3) FIG. 3 is an H-NMR spectrum of the Radix Puerariae polysaccharide QL;

(4) FIG. 4 is a GC-MS spectrum of monosaccharide standards [rhamnose (Rha), arabinose (Ara), xylose (Xyl), mannose (Man), glucose (Glu), and galactose (Gal) in sequence];

(5) FIG. 5 is a GC-MS spectrum illustrating the monosaccharide composition of the Radix Puerariae polysaccharide (QL); and

(6) FIG. 6 is an atomic force microscopy (AFM) image of the Radix Puerariae polysaccharide (QL).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Example 1: Preparation of Radix Puerariae Polysaccharide QL

(7) 7.0 Kg of Radix Puerariae was crushed and then subjected to extraction 3 times with 90° C. water in a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20, and each resulting extraction solution was filtered; resulting extract solutions were combined and concentrated to a density of 1.1 to 1.2, then absolute ethanol was added at a volume 2 times a volume of a resulting concentrate, and a resulting mixture stood for about 3 h and filtered to obtain a precipitate; the precipitate was re-dissolved in water, then 0.1% activated carbon was added to remove pigments, and a resulting mixture was centrifuged to obtain a supernatant; the supernatant was concentrated to 0.5 L to 1 L, and then lyophilized to obtain 100 g to 244 g of a crude fluffy Radix Puerariae polysaccharide; 200 g of the crude polysaccharide was weighed, dissolved in distilled water under magnetic stirring, and centrifuged to obtain a supernatant; the supernatant was added to a macroporous resin column HP-20 for separation, elution was conducted with pure water, a 10% ethanol solution, and a 20% ethanol solution, and each eluate was collected; according to phenol-sulphuric acid chromogenic results and 490 nm detection results, the same eluates were combined, and then concentrated, dialyzed, and lyophilized to obtain 3 secondary components L1, L2, and L3;

(8) the L2 eluted with 10% ethanol was dissolved in distilled water, and then added to a Sephacryl S-200 column (1.5 m×2.5 cm) for separation; elution was conducted with distilled water as an eluent and at a flow rate of about 0.8 mL/min controlled by a constant flow pump, and each eluate was collected; the phenol-sulphuric acid method was used to conduct a chromogenic reaction, and the absorbance was determined at 490 nm; and then according to the detection results, the same eluates were combined, concentrated to 0.1 L to 0.5 L, and lyophilized to obtain the polysaccharide QL.

(9) Through HPGPC and differential detection, QL was proved to be a homogeneous polysaccharide (FIG. 1).

Example 2: Structure Characterization of Radix Puerariae Polysaccharide (QL)

(10) (1) Molecular Weight Determination

(11) The TSK-GEL GMPWXL gel column (300×7.6 mm) was adopted, with a mobile phase of 0.01 mol/L NaNO.sub.3, a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min, and a column temperature of 25° C. Dextran standards with a series of molecular weights were used to determine a standard curve. The Radix Puerariae polysaccharide QL had a measured molecular weight of 10 KDa to 60 KDa.

(12) (2) Determination of Total Sugar, Glycuronic Acid, and Protein Contents

(13) The total sugar content of QL was determined by phenol-sulphuric acid method, which was 98.7%.

(14) The glycuronic acid content of QL was determined by the meta-hydroxydiphenyl method, which was 0.0%.

(15) The protein content of QL was determined by the Coomassie brilliant blue (CBB) method, which was 0.64%.

(16) (3) Composition Analysis of QL

(17) QL was hydrolyzed for 6 h with 2.0 mol/L trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) at a constant temperature of 100° C.; an appropriate amount of NaBH.sub.4 was added to reduce a product obtained after complete hydrolysis, and acetylation was conducted with an acetic anhydride to prepare an alditol acetate derivative; and then the gas phase composition analysis was conducted.

(18) QL was a homopolysaccharide mainly composed of one monosaccharide glucose, also known as glucan.

(19) (4) Methylation Analysis

(20) QL was methylated, and then a methylated product was depolymerized with formic acid for 4 h, hydrolyzed with 2 mol/L TFA at 100° C. for 6 h, reduced with NaBH.sub.4, and acetylated with an acetic anhydride to produce a partially-methylated alditol acetate derivative; and then GC-MS analysis was conducted.

(21) According to the determination with reference to a standard spectrum, most units in the QL were linked through α-1,3-Glu and a small number of units were linked through terminal-Glu; and this linkage mode was also confirmed by NMR data.

Example 3: In Vivo Lipid-Lowering Experimental Method

(22) 56 male Wistar rats (8 weeks old, body weight: 200 g±20 g) were purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd. All animals were fed with a normal diet adaptively for 1 week. Subsequently, 8 rats were adopted as a blank control group (referred to as blank group (1)), which were fed with a normal diet; and the remaining 48 rats were fed with a high-fat diet (HF, 88.5% of ordinary rat feed, 1.2% of cholesterol, 0.3% of sodium cholate, and 10% of lard) for 2 months to construct hyperlipidemia models.

(23) The rats were sampled every half month to determine the plasma total triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) levels. 2 months later, all rats were anesthetized with isoflurane, and then blood samples were collected from the orbital vein using capillary tubes. The blood samples were centrifuged (4° C., 4,000 r×min.sup.−1, and 15 min) to obtain plasma samples, a kit (purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., China) was used to make a standard curve, and a chromogenic reaction was conducted according to specified steps to determine the plasma TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels, thereby determining whether hyperlipidemia models were successfully constructed.

(24) After hyperlipidemia models were successfully constructed, the hyperlipidemia models were randomly divided into 5 groups: (2) model group; high-cholesterol diet; (3) high-dosage group: high-cholesterol diet+high-dosage intragastric Radix Puerariae administration (100 mg/kg); (4) medium-dosage group: high-cholesterol diet+medium-dosage intragastric Radix Puerariae administration (50 mg/kg); (5) low-dosage group: high-cholesterol diet+low-dosage intragastric Radix Puerariae administration (25 mg/kg); and (6) positive drug group: high cholesterol diet+simvastatin administration (8 mg/kg). The rats were intragastrically administered for half a month. The night before the experiment, the rats were fasted; and on the day of the experiment, the rats were weighed and resulting body weights were recorded. The rats were anesthetized with isoflurane, then blood was collected from the orbit and placed in a heparin sodium centrifuge tube, and blood samples were centrifuged (4° C., 4,000 r×min.sup.−1, and 15 min) to obtain plasma samples. A kit (purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd., China) was used to make a standard curve, and the plasma TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C levels were determined according to specified steps. The rats were sacrificed through cervical dislocation, and then a liver tissue was collected and weighed. A liver index was calculated according to the following formula: liver index=liver weight (g)/rat weight (g).

(25) Results showed that the high-cholesterol diet molding succeeded; the liver index of the model group was significantly increased, which was significantly different from that of other groups (P<0.05); the TC, TG, and LDL-C in the high-dosage, medium-dosage, and low-dosage Radix Puerariae polysaccharide groups showed significant differences from that of the model group, but there was no significant difference in terms of HDL-C; and there was no significant dosage-effect relationship among the high-dosage, medium-dosage, and low-dosage Radix Puerariae polysaccharide groups (100 mg, 50 mg, and 25 mg). Results showed that the Radix Puerariae polysaccharide can significantly reduce the plasma TC, TG, and LDL-C levels in hyperlipidemia rats, and the Radix Puerariae polysaccharide can significantly reduce the liver index in hyperlipidemia rats. Therefore, the Radix Puerariae polysaccharide QL can significantly reduce the TC, TG, and LDL-C contents and liver index in rat plasma, and can be developed into a lipid-lowering drug.

(26) Data analysis: In this experiment, the SPSS11.5 version was used to analyze data (3 repetitions), and analysis of variance (ANOVA) and intergroup Duncan multiple comparison were adopted.

(27) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Changes of TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, and liver index in high-cholesterol hyperlipidemia rats of each treatment group TC TG LDL-C HDL-C Group Liver index (μmol/L) (mg/mL) (mmol/L) (mmol/L) (1) Blank group 0.025 ± 0.002 b 0.16 ± 0.04 b 1.02 ± 0.28 b 0.57 ± 0.13 b 3.24 ± 0.67 a (2) Model group 0.037 ± 0.002 a 0.38 ± 0.12 a 1.53 ± 0.45 a 0.78 ± 0.10 a 2.66 ± 0.21 b (3) High-dosage 0.029 ± 0.002 b 0.12 ± 0.04 b 0.94 ± 0.29 b 0.57 ± 0.12 b 2.83 ± 0.52 b Radix Puerariae polysaccharide group (4) Medium-dosage 0.028 ± 0.002 b 0.14 ± 0.03 b 1.06 ± 0.30 b 0.48 ± 0.04 b 2.57 ± 0.63 b Radix Puerariae polysaccharide group (5) Low-dosage 0.028 ± 0.004 b 0.13 ± 0.03 b 0.96 ± 0.36 b 0.52 ± 0.05 b 2.72 ± 0.59 b Radix Puerariae polysaccharide group (6) High-fat feed + 0.027 ± 0.003 b 0.13 ± 0.04 b 0.87 ± 0.27 c 0.51 ± 0.09 b 2.89 ± 0.44 b Simvastatin Notes: Intergroup Duncan multiple comparison (pairwise comparison) is used, and different letters indicate significant difference P < 0.05.