Abstract
An Air-Water-Food-Fabric-Space-Utility sanitizer (all in one) comprises a detachable blower chamber, a detachable UVC lamp holder, a detachable UVC lamp chamber, a detachable water chamber and a detachable lid. Said invention transforms to an air purifier, a chamber-style sanitizer, or a stand-style sanitizer when one or more chambers are detached. Germicidal lamps surround a target such as air, water, food (meats, plants), fabric (masks, towels), space, utility and soil to kill pests, parasites, insects and pathogenic spores. Said invention also develops seed germination. Water converts gas (MVOC) to liquid and arrests airborne contaminants. A blower drives them to water to enable the use of optimal dosage of UVC light. By either UVC-irradiating water or oxidizing water, pathogens are destroyed in the water chamber. Filters activate spore dispersal when disposed by burning. By not using potentially hazardous waste or an air outlet, pathogenic spores cannot reproduce or return to the environment.
Claims
1. An Air-Water-Food-Fabric-Space-Utility sanitizer comprising: (a) a detachable blower chamber, containing a blower, to which a power cord is attached; (b) a detachable UVC lamp holder to which a power cord and a ballast are attached; (c) a plurality of UVC lamps; (d) a detachable UVC lamp chamber; (e) a detachable water chamber; and (f) a detachable disk-shaped lid; and wherein the Air-Water-Food-Fabric-Space-Utility sanitizer is configured to be transformable into differing sanitizer configurations when said detachable UVC lamp holder, detachable UVC lamp chamber, detachable water chamber, and/or detachable disk-shaped lid are used together and/or detached from each other without requiring a filter or an air outlet by using either UVC-irradiated water or oxidized water as a filter or as a pathogen killer.
2. The Air-Water-Food-Fabric-Space-Utility sanitizer of claim 1, wherein said detachable blower chamber, said detachable lamp holder, said detachable UVC lamp chamber, and said detachable water chamber are cylindrically shaped; and coaxially aligned with an inlet airflow.
3. The Air-Water-Food-Fabric-Space-Utility sanitizer of claim 1, wherein said detachable blower chamber and said detachable lamp holder are vertically aligned with said detachable UVC lamp chamber wherein UVC lamps surround a target to sanitize.
4. The Air-Water-Food-Fabric-Space-Utility sanitizer of claim 1, wherein said detachable lid covers both said detachable water chamber and said detachable UVC lamp chamber when said invention serves as a chamber-style sanitizer.
5. The detachable UVC lamp holder of claim 1, further comprising: (a) a cylindrically shaped stainless steel housing; (b) a cylindrically shaped stainless steel lid through which four male connectors of said blower chamber of claim 1 pass; (c) four female connectors; (d) a slot on the bottom to vertically dock onto said UVC lamp chamber of claim 1; (e) twelve sockets mounted thereto; and (f) a power cord connected to a motor-mounting rod and said ballast of claim 1 to serve as a stand-style sanitizer when said UVC lamps of claim 1 are mounted thereto.
6. The detachable UVC lamp chamber of claim 1; wherein the UVC lamp chamber has the following characteristics (a) composed of UV transmittable quartz glass; (b) coaxially aligned with said water chamber of claim 1; (c) vertically aligned with said blower chamber and said UVC lamp holder of claim 1; (d) having two stainless steel handles outwardly mounted to the external wall thereof; (e) a slot for docking of said UVC lamp holder; (f) supporting said UVC lamp holder and said blower chamber of claim 1; (g) containing said water chamber when purifying air, water, or soil; (h) housing UVC lamps of claim 1 after said UVC lamp holder to which UVC lamps are mounted, docks vertically thereto; (i) being a container as a chamber-style sanitizer; and (j) being a container for killed insects after flying or floating insects are drawn thereto.
7. The detachable water chamber of claim 1, wherein the detachable water chamber has the following characteristics (a) composed of UVC transmittable quartz glass; (b) coaxially aligned with said UVC lamp chamber of claim 1; (c) vertically aligned with said blower chamber and said UVC lamp holder of claim 1; (d) having two stainless steel handles inwardly mounted to the interior wall thereof; (e) being a container for oxidized or irradiated water to destroy airborne contaminants; (f) being a container for water to convert harmful gas to liquid; (g) being a container for water to arrest particles; (h) being a container for drinking water to purify; and (i) being a container for infected soil to destroy soil contaminants.
8. The detachable blower chamber of claim 1, further comprising: (a) an inlet grille composed of stainless steel; (b) four male connectors on the bottom of said inlet grille to connect with said blower chamber; (c) four female connectors on the top of said blower chamber to connect with said inlet grille; (d) four male connectors on the bottom of said blower chamber to connect with four female connectors of said UVC lamp holder of claim 1; (e) a motor for driving a centrifugal fan in rotation; (f) a centrifugal fan with 35-degree rake angle to downwardly drive airborne contaminants into said water chamber of claim 1; (g) a blower speed controller appearing above said inlet grille while said controller is positioned under said inlet grille; and (h) a motor-mounting rod enveloping a power cable connected to a plug.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) FIG. 1 is a perspective top and front view of the Air-Water-Food-Fabric-Space-Utility Sanitizer;
(2) FIG. 2 is a perspective bottom and front view of FIG. 1;
(3) FIG. 3 is a perspective bottom and front view of a blower chamber;
(4) FIG. 4 is a partly exploded perspective top and front view of FIG. 3;
(5) FIG. 5 is a magnified top and rear view, with a partial cut-away, of the blower chamber in FIG. 4, illustrating how a blower motor and its rod are mounted to the blower chamber and how a power cable is connected to the blower motor through a mounting rod;
(6) FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective top and front view of the blower chamber in FIG. 3;
(7) FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective bottom and front view of the blower chamber in FIG. 3;
(8) FIG. 8 is an elevational view of a blower in FIG. 7;
(9) FIG. 9 is a perspective top and front view of a UVC lamp chamber containing a water chamber;
(10) FIG. 10 is a partly exploded perspective top view of FIG. 9, showing the UVC lamp chamber and the water chamber;
(11) FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective top and front view of FIG. 10, showing the UVC lamp chamber, twelve UVC lamps mounted to a lamp holder, and the water chamber;
(12) FIG. 12 is a perspective top and side view of the UVC lamp chamber (left side and right side look the same);
(13) FIG. 13 is a perspective top and side view of the water chamber;
(14) FIG. 14 is a perspective top and front view of the UVC lamp holder (base) to which 12 sockets are mounted;
(15) FIG. 15 is an exploded perspective bottom and front view of the UVC lamp holder in FIG. 14;
(16) FIG. 16 is a magnified bottom view, with a partial cut-away of FIG. 15;
(17) FIG. 17 is a perspective top and front view of the UVC lamp holder vertically docking onto the UVC lamp chamber;
(18) FIG. 18 is a perspective top and front view of the water chamber being vertically inserted into the UVC lamp chamber;
(19) FIG. 19 is a magnified bottom, front and left side view, with a partial cut-away, of the UVC lamp holder in FIG. 16;
(20) FIG. 20 is a magnified top, front and left side view, with a partial cut-away, of the UVC lamp chamber in FIG. 17;
(21) FIG. 21 is a partly exploded perspective top and front view of the UVC lamp holder;
(22) FIG. 22 is a magnified top, front and left side view, with a partial cut-away, of FIG. 21 showing the interior of the UVC lamp holder;
(23) FIG. 23 is a further magnified top, front and left side view, with a partial cut-away, of FIG. 22 showing the interior of the UVC lamp holder;
(24) FIG. 24 is a perspective upside down and front view of the UVC lamp holder in FIG. 14 in order to serve as a stand-style sanitizer;
(25) FIG. 25 is a perspective top and front view of an alternative configuration of the plurality of UVC lamps reducing from twelve to six;
(26) FIG. 26 is a perspective bottom and front view of the UVC lamp chamber, without the water chamber, being closed with a lid to sanitize food, fabric, or utility;
(27) FIG. 27 is a perspective top and front view of the UVC lamp chamber, wherein the water chamber is contained, being closed with a lid to sanitize water or soil;
(28) FIG. 28 is an elevational view of six UVC lamps connected to a ballast; and
(29) FIG. 29 is a perspective front and left side view of the UVC lamps in FIG. 28, which is duplicated in order to describe how blue wires and red wires are respectively connected to the ballast.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(30) Referring initially to FIGS. 1-2, an Air-Water-Food-Fabric-Space-Utility sanitizer comprising: (a) a detachable blower chamber 10 to which a power cord is attached (FIG. 3); (b) a detachable lamp holder 20 (FIG. 15) to which a power cord and a ballast are attached; (c) a plurality of UVC lamps 26 (185 nm) (FIG. 15); (d) a detachable UVC lamp chamber 30 (FIG. 12); (e) a detachable water chamber 31 (FIG. 13); and (f) a detachable disk-shaped lid 20c (FIGS. 26-27).
(31) The blower chamber 10, the UVC lamp holder 20, and the UVC lamp chamber 30 are cylindrically shaped and vertically aligned with each other (FIGS. 1-2) while the cylindrically shaped water chamber 31 is coaxially aligned with the UVC lamp chamber 30. All chambers are vertically aligned for the vertical airflow.
(32) Three detachable chambers 10, 30 and 31 house the Air-Water-Food-Fabric-Space-Utility sanitizer (FIG. 1). One power cord (cable and plug) 5 is attached to the blower chamber 10 while the other power cord 25 is attached to the UVC lamp holder 20 (FIG. 1).
(33) The blower chamber 10 further comprises an inlet grille 1, a blower 19, a blower motor 14, a motor speed controller 13, and a power cord 5 (FIGS. 3-8). The inlet grille 1 (FIG. 4) is easily attachable to the blower chamber 10 (FIGS. 3-4) by simply inserting four male connectors 7 of the inlet grille 1 into four female connectors 2 of the blower chamber 10 (FIGS. 6-7). The inlet grille (FIG. 4) is also easily detachable by simply pulling it from the top so that users can wash it as often as they can.
(34) A blower motor 14 is horizontally secured by a stainless steel rod 17-18 (FIG. 4) mounted to two holes 6 in the blower chamber 10 by two screws 15 and two brackets 16 (FIGS. 5 and 8).
(35) The rod 18 envelopes a power cable 5 for the blower motor 14 that passes through a rod hole 4 (FIG. 5) to supply power for the blower motor 14. The cable in the rod 18 passes horizontally through a hole 12 (FIG. 5) on the interior wall of the blower chamber 10 so that the power cord 5 can be plugged in a power outlet independently. The rod 17 does not contain any cable (FIG. 8).
(36) The brackets 16 (FIGS. 5 and 8) are composed of stainless steel to avoid UV-induced discoloration. The blower speed is controlled by the motor speed controller 13 that is positioned on the top of the blower motor 14 (FIGS. 6 and 8). The blower speed controller 13 passes vertically through an opening 8 in the inlet grille 1 (FIG. 4) so that the controller 13 (FIG. 4) can emerge from the inlet grille 1 (FIG. 1).
(37) The inlet grille 1 is connected to the blower chamber 10 (FIG. 3) by four male connectors 7 of the inlet grille 1 and by four female connectors 2 of the blower chamber 10 (FIG. 6). Those connectors do not require screws or screwdrivers to disconnect, which makes said invention a detachable apparatus.
(38) The blower chamber 10 is connected to the UVC lamp holder 20 by four male connectors 3 of the blower chamber 10 (FIG. 7) and by four female connectors 21 (21a and 21b—FIG. 21) of the UVC lamp holder 20 (FIGS. 14 and 21). Those connectors do not require screws or screwdrivers to disconnect either.
(39) The rake angle (35 degree) of the centrifugal fan (FIG. 8) comprising four wide blower blades 19 helps moving the air downwardly into the water chamber 31 so that the blades do not spread the air back into the room. The centrifugal force the propeller creates, throws the air downward by the rake angle. The higher raked propellers can hold and control the air better increasing the thrust downward. 35-degree angle increases the amount of pulling air into the water chamber 31 thereby reducing the time to purify the air. The blades 19 and screws 15 are preferably composed of stainless steel (FIG. 8).
(40) The blower 10 blows the air downwardly (FIG. 1) to the water chamber 31 that is coaxially aligned and contained in the UVC lamp chamber 30 (FIG. 9). The water chamber 31 (FIG. 13) is downwardly inserted into the UV chamber 30 (FIG. 18).
(41) The UVC lamp holder (base) 20 downwardly docks onto the top of the UVC lamp chamber 30 (FIG. 17), at 29c and 29d (FIG. 20) which were longitudinally marked on the chamber. 22a and 22b were transversely marked on the UVC lamp holder 20 (FIGS. 16 and 19) to indicate where they meet with 22c and 22d which were transversely marked on the UVC chamber 30 (FIG. 20).
(42) The UVC lamp holder 20 has a slot 23 (FIG. 19) to fix its position on the top of the UVC lamp chamber 30 when docking is complete. The top 29d of UVC lamp chamber 30 (quartz glass) (FIG. 20) slides into the slot 23 of the UVC lamp holder (FIG. 19). The slot 23 (from 29a to 29b) in FIG. 19 is as equally deep as the distance between 29c and 29d (FIG. 20) marked on the UVC lamp chamber 30. The slot 23 begins at 22a transversely marked or at 29a longitudinally marked on the UVC lamp holder 20 (FIG. 19).
(43) 29c and 29d (FIG. 20) were marked on the UVC lamp chamber 30 to indicate where 29a and 29b (FIG. 19) meet with 29c and 29d (FIG. 20) when docking is complete (FIG. 17). 22c and 22d (FIG. 20) were also marked on the UVC lamp chamber 30 to indicate where 22a and 22b (FIG. 19) meet with 22c and 22d (FIG. 20) when docking is complete (FIG. 17).
(44) The UVC lamp holder 20 was exploded to 20a and 20b (FIG. 21). FIGS. 22 and 23 are the details of 20b to show the depth (from 29a to 29b) of the slot 23 in FIG. 19. The power cable 25 is connected to the UVC lamp holder 20 (FIG. 23).
(45) The UVC lamp holder 20 and six (FIG. 25) or twelve (FIG. 24) UVC lamps 26 (185 nm—UVC ozone wavelength—VH fused quartz glass) serve as a stand-style sanitizer (FIGS. 24-25) when they are detached from all chambers 10, 30, and 31.
(46) The maximum capacity to mount UVC lamps 26 is twelve (FIG. 24) and minimum six lamps (FIG. 25) are required. The UVC lamps 26 can be easily removed from the sockets 24 (FIG. 16) for an easy replacement. Unlike many apparatuses, said invention does not require users to open many compartments to reach the UV lamps 26 and it is easy to detect which lamp needs to be replaced or cleaned.
(47) As seen in FIG. 9, a UVC lamp 26 emits UVC photons all around the longitudinal axis thereof. More powerfully, six or twelve of them 26 surround a target placed in the UVC lamp chamber 30 increasing the germicidal power by six to twelve times in all directions (360°). UVC lamps 26 are positioned around the internal wall of the cylindrically shaped UVC lamp chamber 30 to which UVC lamp holder 20 vertically docks (FIG. 9). For the maximum exposure of UVC light, the UVC lamps 26 are vertically mounted to the sockets 24 in the lamp holder 20 (FIGS. 14-15) in accordance with the vertical airflow.
(48) The UVC lamp chamber 30 (FIG. 12) and the water chamber 31 (FIG. 13) are washable since they are made of transparent quartz glass that is capable of transmitting UVC light. The UVC lamp chamber 30 is not coated with a UV-stabilizing material in order to purify the air both inwardly and outwardly from the UVC lamp chamber (FIGS. 1-2).
(49) The detachable UVC lamp chamber 30 (FIG. 12) is coaxially aligned with the water chamber 31 (FIG. 13) in order to utilize the illumination of the UV photons both inwardly and outwardly from the UVC lamp chamber 30. This allows users to utilize the UVC photonic energy outwardly emitted from the UVC lamp chamber (FIG. 9). Unless users are too close to the light, no damage occurs. Likewise, unless the UVC lamps are close (6 inches) enough to the target, the sanitizing effect decreases.
(50) Generally, UVC lamps need a cooling system to offset the high operating heat. However, the heated UVC lamps should not be cooled by a blower since air pressure can shorten the lifespan of UVC lamps. The UVC lamps 26 are cooled by the water in the water chamber 31 at the same time when the water arrests airborne contaminants. The water in the water chamber 31 will offset the heat. Moreover, UVC ray does not generate higher heat than UVB, UVA, or IR ray.
(51) Six or twelve UVC lamps 26 are vertically positioned in the UVC lamp chamber 30 and the water chamber 31 is inserted into the UVC lamp chamber 30 (FIGS. 9 and 18). Therefore, the UVC lamps 26 are not affected by the air pressure from the blower chamber 10 since the UVC lamps 26 are positioned behind the wall of the water chamber that receives the air from the blower 19 (FIGS. 1-2, 9). No airborne contaminants directly touch the UVC lamps in the UVC lamp chamber for the same reason (FIGS. 1-2, 9).
(52) Water in the water chamber 31 converts harmful gas such as formaldehyde (CH.sub.2O) to aqueous solution formalin (CH.sub.4O.sub.2) that is commonly used as an industrial disinfectant. Gases dissolve in water. Although VH fused quartz UVC lamps (185 nm) alone, without water, can decompose gaseous molecules to gaseous atoms, which is a reason for removal of bad odor and (M)VOCs, water is necessary to arrest gas when the blower has to drive (M)VOC gas into the UVC lamp chamber (FIGS. 1-2). The dissolved liquid is irradiated and poured into a drain in 24 hours.
(53) Both the UVC lamp chamber 30 and the water chamber 31 have handles 28 and 33 on both left and right side of the chambers 30 and 31 so that two hands can safely detach or attach the chambers that are made of quartz glass (96% silica). Quartz glass is capable of transmitting UVC light. The chamber handles 28 and 33 are secured by screws 27 and 32 (FIGS. 12-13) to the walls of the chambers 30 and 31. The handles 28/33 and the screws 27/32 are preferably made of stainless steel since stainless steel is resistant to UV-induced discoloration and water-induced corrosion or rust.
(54) The UVC lamp holder 20 is independently powered through a power cable 25 connected to an electronic ballast 36 (FIGS. 28-29). FIGS. 28 and 29 are an example of parallel connection for the case when six UVC lamps are used. The ballast 36 is connected to the power cord 25 of the UVC lamp holder 20 (FIG. 28), so that users can use it 20 independently when all other compartments are detached therefrom 20 (FIGS. 14 and 24). The parallel connection of red wires 34 and blue wires 35 (FIGS. 28-29) ensures a reliable and safe use of UVC lamps 26. The UVC lamps 26 and the ballast 36 are sold in the market. White (Neutral) 37, Black (Hot) 38, and Green (Ground) 39 wire (FIGS. 28-29) of the ballast 36 are connected to the UVC lamp power cord 25.
(55) By attaching or detaching the chambers 10, 30 and 31, or UVC lamp holder 20 to which UVC lamps 26 are mounted, said invention transforms to an air purifier (FIGS. 1-2), a chamber-style sanitizer (FIGS. 26-27), or a stand-style sanitizer (FIGS. 24-25).
(56) For all purposes described below, if the water chamber 31 is used, users are required to dispose used water by pouring the used water into a drain, wash and refill the water chamber 31 with fresh water in every 24 hours for the best outcome.
(57) To serve as an air purifier (FIGS. 1-2), the water chamber 31 is inserted into the UVC lamp chamber 30 (FIG. 18). Users can fill the water chamber 31 with water (⅓ of the capacity when UVC lamps are used, ⅔ of the capacity when oxidized water is used). If UVC light is used, users must supply power for the UVC lamps 26 via the power cord 25 of the UVC lamp holder 20. If an oxidizer such as hydrogen peroxide or sodium hypochlorite (bleach) is used, users must unplug the power cord 25. Whether the UVC light is used or not, users should supply power for the blower motor 14 via the power cord 5 of the blower chamber 31 (FIG. 1).
(58) As an air purifier (FIGS. 1-2), to destroy pathogenic spores, said invention provides two alternative methods below.
(59) (a) Using the UVC lamps and water:
(60) The UVC lamps 26 are capable of producing ozone. The blower 19 in the blower chamber 10 drives airborne contaminants into the water chamber 31. Once they arrive at the water chamber 31, the water is irradiated by six or twelve UVC lamps 26. Water arrests contaminants and inhibits spore dispersal. The UVC lamps 26 are positioned inside the UVC lamp chamber 30, and destroy pathogens (FIGS. 1-2).
(b) Using oxidized water:
The power cord 25 for the UVC lamps 26 is unplugged. The blower 19 drives airborne contaminants into the water chamber 31. Once they arrive at the water chamber 31, oxidized water (diluted hydrogen peroxide or diluted sodium hypochlorite) arrests pathogens and destroys them (FIGS. 1-2).
(61) As an air purifier (FIGS. 1-2), to remove small particles such as dust, dust mites, and pollen in the air, the blower 19 in the blower chamber 10 drives them into the water chamber 31 which should be emptied and refilled with fresh water later.
(62) As an air purifier (FIGS. 1-2), to remove (M)VOC gas such as aldehyde, formaldehyde, alcohols, and hydrocarbon in the air, the blower drives gas into the water chamber wherein water converts gaseous molecules to aqueous molecules.
(63) As an air purifier (FIGS. 1-2), to remove cigarette smoke (acrolein, C.sub.3H.sub.4O), the blower in the blow chamber drives smoke into the water chamber. Acrolein from smoke is water-soluble.
(64) To serve as a chamber-style sanitizer, the blower chamber 10 and the water chamber 31 are detached (FIG. 26) and the UVC lamp chamber (FIG. 12) is used to sanitize food (meats, washed vegetables, fruits, etc.), fabric (masks, towels, gloves, hats, baby clothes, etc.), or small household utility (pacifier, silverware, etc.). Pests and parasites in meats or plants are also destroyed during the irradiation process.
(65) As a chamber-style sanitizer (FIG. 26), the UVC lamp chamber 30 (FIG. 12) is closed with the lid 20c and power is supplied for the UVC lamps 26 using the power cord 25. The vertically positioned UVC lamps sanitize the targets inside the UVC lamp chamber 30 wherein the targets receive UVC light from all directions (360°) since the UVC lamps 26 surround the targets placed in the center of the UVC lamp chamber 30.
(66) As a chamber-style sanitizer (FIG. 26), the lid 20c is fixed in a position inside the UVC lamp chamber 30 by a rim 20d of the lid 20c that fits within the diameter of the UVC lamp holder 20 docked onto the UVC lamp chamber 30. The lid protects the chambers 30 and 31 from insects and airborne contaminants during the irradiation process. The lid is preferably formed of stainless steel to reflect the light within the UVC lamp chamber 30 and to prevent UV-induced discoloration.
(67) As a chamber-style sanitizer (FIG. 9), if users leave the UVC lamp chamber 30 open to the air by detaching the lid 20c, insects such as mosquitoes, flies, and mosses are drawn thereto 30 and die therein 30. The glass-made chambers are washable after use.
(68) As a chamber-style sanitizer (FIG. 27), the water chamber 31 is vertically inserted into the UVC lamp chamber 30 (FIG. 18) to purify water for drinking. The UVC lamp chamber 30, wherein the water chamber 31 is contained, is closed with the lid 20c during the irradiation process (FIG. 27). The water is irradiated by the UVC lamps 26 positioned inside the UVC lamp chamber 30 (FIG. 27). Although UVC lamp chamber 30 can be used without the water chamber (FIG. 26), the water chamber is necessary to protect UVC lamps from water damages. The water receives UVC light from all directions (360°) since the UVC lamps surround the water in the water chamber, which makes said invention unique from all prior apparatuses.
(69) As a chamber-style sanitizer, the water chamber 31 is vertically inserted into the UVC lamp chamber 30 (FIG. 18) to purify infected soil. The water chamber 31 is filled with the targeted soil. The UVC lamp chamber 30, wherein the water chamber 31 is contained, is closed with the lid 20c during the irradiation process (FIG. 27).
(70) To serve as a stand-style sanitizer (FIG. 24), all chambers 10, 30, and 31 are detached. By detaching all three chambers, said invention transforms to a stand-style sanitizer (FIG. 24).
(71) As a stand-style sanitizer (FIG. 24), it sanitizes or deodorizes space. Users can turn the UVC lamp holder 20 to which UVC lamps 26 are mounted, upside down and place it 20 inside kitchen cabinets, shoe cabinets, dressers, wardrobes, closets, bathrooms, shower rooms, baby cribs, toilet rooms, bedrooms, trash areas, traveler's bags, drawers, storage, boxes, surgery rooms, etc.
(72) As a stand-style sanitizer (FIG. 24), it also develops germination of seeds if a UV transmittable seedling starter is placed in the center thereof (FIG. 24).
(73) While the form of apparatus described constitutes the preferred embodiment of this invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to this precise form of apparatus, and the changes may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention which is defined in the appended claims.
