DEVICE AND METHOD FOR HOMOGENEOUSLY HEAT-TREATING A PRODUCT BY RADIO FREQUENCY

Abstract

The invention provides a heat treatment system (1000) comprising a heat treatment apparatus (1) and a product transport system (200), wherein the heat treatment apparatus (1) comprises (i) a duct (100) having a duct axis (110), wherein the duct (100) is configured for holding a liquid (2), and (ii) an RF heating zone (5) comprising a main electrode (410) and a first counter electrode (420) configured for functionally connecting to an RF generator (400) to generate during operation a first electric field (490) in the duct (100) between the main electrode (410) and the first counter electrode (420) parallel to the duct axis (110); the product transport system (200) comprises an electric field guiding element (440) comprising an electrically conductive material (401), wherein the electric field guiding element is configured to be electrically insulated from the electrodes (410, 420) during transport through the duct (100); and the product transport system (200) is configured to transport a product (60) and the electric field guiding element (440) through the duct (100).

Claims

1. A heat treatment system comprising a heat treatment apparatus and a product transport system, wherein the heat treatment apparatus comprises (i) a duct having a duct axis, wherein the duct is configured for holding a liquid, and (ii) an RF heating zone comprising a main electrode and a first counter electrode configured for functionally connecting to an RF generator to generate during operation a first electric field in the duct between the main electrode and the first counter electrode parallel to the duct axis, the product transport system comprises an electric field guiding element comprising an electrically conductive material, wherein the electric field guiding element is configured to be electrically insulated from the electrodes during transport through the duct, the product transport system is configured to transport a product and the electric field guiding element through the duct.

2. The heat treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the electric field guiding element comprises a height, a width, and a thickness, wherein the thickness is configured to be arranged parallel to the duct axis during transport through the duct, wherein a ratio of the height to the thickness is larger than 2 and wherein a ratio of the width relative to the thickness is larger than 2.

3. The heat treatment system according to claim 1, wherein a ratio of a cross-sectional area of the field guiding element which is configured to be arranged perpendicular to the duct axis during transport through the duct, relative to an inner cross-sectional area of the duct is selected to be at least 0.5 and to be smaller than 1.

4. The heat treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the RF heating zone comprises a further counter electrode, wherein the further counter electrode and the first counter electrode are arranged at opposite sides of the main electrode, wherein the further counter electrode is configured for functionally coupling to the RF generator to generate during operation a further electric field in the duct between the main electrode and the further counter electrode, wherein a direction of the further electric field and a direction of the first electric field are configured opposite to each other.

5. The heat treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the duct comprises a wall comprising the electrodes, and an electrically insulating material configured between the electrodes, wherein a shortest distance between the electrodes and the duct axis defines an electrode-to-axis distance, wherein the apparatus further comprises a shield configured coaxially to the duct axis around the duct at the RF heating zone, wherein a shortest distance between the duct axis and the shield define a shield-to-axis distance, and wherein a ratio of the shield-to-axis distance to the electrode-to-axis distance is selected in the range of 2-6.

6. The heat treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the product transport system comprises a cartridge for transporting the product through the duct, wherein the cartridge comprises an assembly of (i) the electric field guiding element and (ii) a product receiver comprising a cavity configured to host the product, wherein the product receiver comprising an electrically insulating material, wherein the cartridge comprises a cartridge axis configured to be arranged parallel to the duct axis during transport through the duct, wherein the electric field guiding element and the product receiver are configured adjacent to each other along the cartridge axis.

7. The heat treatment system (1000) according to claim 6, wherein the cartridge comprises a plurality of electric field guiding elements and/or a plurality of product receivers, wherein alternately one electric field guiding element and one product receiver are configured adjacent to each other along the cartridge axis, wherein the cartridge comprises a liquid channel configured from a first end of the cartridge to a second end of the cartridge and configured to provide a fluid connection between the one or more cavities and an external of the cartridge.

8. The heat treatment system according to claim 6, wherein the cartridge comprises a plurality of electric field guiding elements, wherein a length of the main electrode in a direction parallel to the duct axis is equal to or longer than a shortest distance between two neighboring electric field guiding elements.

9. The heat treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the duct further comprises: an arrangement of zones comprising a feeding zone configured upstream of the RF heating zone, a holding zone configured downstream of the RF heating zone, a cooling zone configured downstream of the holding zone, and an extraction zone configured downstream of the cooling zone, one or more liquid ports configured in one or more of the zones selected from the feeding zone, the RF heating zone, the holding zone, the cooling zone, and the extraction zone for providing liquid to the duct and/or for extracting liquid from the duct, wherein the heat treatment system is configured for providing a flow direction of the liquid in the duct in a first zone of the respective zones, independently from the flow direction of the liquid in another zone of the respective zones by providing liquid to the duct and/or extracting liquid from the duct via one or more of the liquid ports.

10. The heat treatment system according claim 7, wherein the cartridge comprises an opening configured at an edge of the cartridge, configured for receiving the liquid provided via at least one of the liquid ports, wherein the opening is configured in fluid connection with the liquid channel, wherein the cartridge is configured for receiving liquid provided to the liquid port and directing the liquid through the liquid channel and through one or more of the cavities in cartridge along one or more products hosted by the cartridge.

11. The heat treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the electric field guiding element comprises a field-incoupling element configured to deflect at least part of the first electric field towards the product during transport of the product through the RF heating zone and/or to deflect at least part of the further electric field towards the product during transport of the product through the RF heating zone.

12. A cartridge for transporting a product through a duct of a heat treatment apparatus comprising an electric field generated in the duct by an RF generator, wherein the cartridge comprises an assembly of (i) an electric field guiding element comprising an electrically conductive material, and (ii) a product receiver comprising an electrically insulating material, wherein the product receiver comprises a cavity to host the product, wherein the cartridge comprises a liquid channel providing a fluid connection between the cavity and an external of the cartridge.

13. The cartridge according to claim 12, wherein the cartridge comprises a cartridge axis configured to be arranged parallel to a duct axis of the duct during transport through the duct, wherein the electric field guiding element and the product receiver are configured adjacent to each other along the cartridge axis, wherein the cartridge comprises a plurality of electric field guiding elements and/or a plurality of product receivers, wherein alternately one electric field guiding element and one product receiver are configured adjacent to each other along the cartridge axis, wherein the liquid channel is configured to provide a fluid connection from a first end of the cartridge to a second end of the cartridge.

14. The cartridge according to claim 13, wherein a ratio of a maximum cross-sectional area of the cartridge to an inner cross-sectional area of the duct is selected to be smaller than 1 and at least 0.8, wherein the cartridge comprises an alignment element for aligning the cartridge axis with the duct axis and a sealing element configured for blocking a liquid flow along an outer surface of the cartridge from the first end of the cartridge to the second end of the cartridge during transport through the duct, wherein the cartridge further comprises an opening configured at an edge of the cartridge, configured for receiving liquid provided via a liquid port in the duct, wherein the opening is configured in fluid connection with the liquid channel.

15. The cartridge according to claim 12, wherein the electric field guiding element comprises a field-incoupling element configured to deflect at least part of the electric field towards the product during transport of the product through the RF heating zone.

16. A method for heat-treating a product, wherein the method comprises: transporting the product and an electric field guiding element through an RF heating zone in a duct along a duct axis of the duct, wherein the duct comprises a liquid, and generating an electric field in the duct between a main electrode and at least one counter electrode parallel to the duct axis, wherein the RF heating zone comprises the main electrode and the counter electrode, wherein the electric field guiding element comprises an electrically conductive material, wherein the electric field guiding element is electrically isolated from the electrodes during transport through the duct.

17. The method according to claim 16, comprising: transporting a cartridge through the RF heating zone in the duct, along the duct axis, while generating the electric field in the duct between the main electrode and the at least one counter electrode parallel to the duct axis, wherein a cartridge axis of the cartridge is arranged parallel to the duct axis, wherein the cartridge comprises an assembly of (i) the electric field guiding element and (ii) a product receiver comprising an electrically insulating material, wherein the product receiver comprises a cavity hosting the product and configured in fluid connection with the liquid in the duct, wherein the electric field guiding element and the product receiver are configured adjacent to each other along the duct axis.

18. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: providing a flow of the liquid in the duct wherein the flow comprises a flow direction, wherein the flow direction is independently selected from a direction of the transport of the product through the RF heating zone in the duct.

19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the duct comprises: an arrangement of zones comprising a feeding zone configured upstream of the RF heating zone, a holding zone configured downstream of the RF heating zone, a cooling zone configured downstream of the holding zone, and an extraction zone configured downstream of the cooling zone, one or more liquid ports configured in one or more of the zones selected from the feeding zone, the RF heating zone, the holding zone, the cooling zone, and the extraction zone, wherein the method comprises: transporting the product and the electric field guiding element from the feeding zone to the cooling zone along the duct axis, wherein the method further comprises: providing a direction of a flow of the liquid in the duct in one or more of the respective zones by providing liquid to the duct and/or extracting liquid from the duct via one or more of the liquid ports, wherein the liquid is directed via a liquid channel in the cartridge along the product hosted in the cavity, wherein an opening in the cartridge configured at an edge of the cartridge provides a fluid connection between the liquid channel and the one or more of the liquid ports, wherein the direction of the flow of the liquid in the duct in any of the respective zones is selected independently from the direction of the transport of the product through the duct.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0103] Embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings in which corresponding reference symbols indicate corresponding parts, and in which:

[0104] FIG. 1 schematically depicts an embodiment of the system of the invention;

[0105] FIGS. 2-3 schematically depict some further aspect of the system;

[0106] FIG. 4 schematically depicts some aspects of the cartridge;

[0107] FIG. 5 schematically depicts some further aspects of the invention; and

[0108] FIGS. 6-7 schematically depict some further aspects of the cartridge.

[0109] The schematic drawings are not necessarily to scale.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0110] FIG. 1 schematically depicts an embodiment of the heat treatment system 1000 for heat-treating, such as sterilizing a product 60, especially a (packaged) food product 60. The system 1000 essentially comprises the heat treatment apparatus 1 comprising a duct 100, and a product transport system 200 for transporting the product 60 and the electric field guiding element 440 (herein further also indicated as field-guiding element 440) of the product transport system 200 through the duct 100. The duct 100 has an axis of elongation, i.e. the duct axis 110, and in the embodiment (especially during operation), the duct 100 holds a liquid 2.

[0111] The apparatus 1 further comprises the RF heating zone 5 comprising a main electrode 410 and a first counter electrode 420, in the embodiment functionally connected to an RF generator 400 that generates a (first) electric field 490 between the main electrode 410 and the (first) counter electrode 420, as indicated by the field lines (no directions indicated). The electric field 490 is especially parallel to the duct axis 110. The RF generator 400 is connected to the respective electrodes 410, 420. The respective positions/locations at the electrodes 410, 420 (and 430, see FIG. 2) (where the RF generator 400 is connected/connectable to the electrodes 410, 420, 430), are herein also referred to as connection locations 405. The RF generator 400 may be connected to the electrodes 410, 420, 430 at one or more connection locations 405 of the respective electrode 410, 420, 430. In the depicted embodiment, the RF generator 400 is connected to the main electrode 410 at two connection locations 405, especially arranged opposite to each other with respect to the duct axis 110. In further embodiments (not shown), the RF generator 400 is connected to the main electrode 410 via the conductive diversion element, e.g. via a conductive ring, configured around the main electrode 410, especially wherein the RF generator 400 is connected to the conductive diversion element at a first position and wherein the main electrode 410 is connected to the conductive diversion element at a (second) position, opposite to the first location (with respect to the duct axis 410).

[0112] The field-guiding element 440 comprises electrically conductive material 401 and may function (and is therefore also indicated herein) as a floating electrode 440. The field-guiding element 440 is configured to be electrically insulated from the electrodes main electrode 410, the (first) counter electrode 420 and from the further counter electrode 430 if present (see FIG. 2) during transport through the duct 100.

[0113] In FIGS. 2 and 3, some further aspects of the system 1000 and the field-guiding element 440 are depicted. The embodiments of these figures comprise a further counter electrode 430. Therefore, now the RF zone 5 comprises the further counter electrode 430 in addition to the main electrode 410 and the (first) counter electrode 420. Like the first counter electrode 420, the further counter electrode 430 is configured for functionally coupling to the RF generator 400. The first counter electrode 420 and the further counter electrode 430 are arranged at the opposite sides of the main electrode 410. Furthermore, the further counter electrode 430 generates (during operation) a further electric field 495 in the duct 100 between the main electrode 410 and the further counter electrode 430, having a direction 497 that is opposite to the direction 492 of the first electric field 490.

[0114] During operation and/or in the method, a product 60 and an field-guiding element 440 may be transported through the RF heating zone 5 along the duct axis 110 of the duct 100 comprising a (pressurized) liquid 2, and an electric field 490 may be generated in the duct 100 between a main electrode 410 and at least one counter electrode 420 (especially at least the first counter electrode 420), and optionally also the further counter electrode 430) parallel to the duct axis 110.

[0115] FIG. 2 further depicts the dimensions, i.e., the height 443, the width 441, and the thickness 442, of the electric field guiding element 440 as defined herein. The thickness 442 is configured to be arranged parallel to the duct axis 110 during transport through the duct 100. The field-guiding element 440 comprises essentially a flat body 445, wherein the height 443 and the width 441 are larger than the thickness 442. Furthermore, in the depicted embodiments, the cross-sectional area 448 of body 445 of the field-guiding element 440 almost completely covers the inner cross-sectional area 108 of the duct 100 as is demonstrated by the small clearance d between the duct wall 103 and the field-guiding element 440. In the embodiment in FIG. 2, the electrodes 410, 420, 430 and the duct 100 are cylindrical, yet other shapes are possible as well.

[0116] The electrodes 410, 420, 430 (comprising conductive material 401) are configured in the wall 103 that further comprises electrical insulating material 402 between the electrodes 410, 420, 430. The electrodes 410, 420, 430 are configured at an electrode-to-axis distance 452 from the duct axis 110, see FIG. 3. FIG. 3 further depicts an embodiment of the apparatus 1 with a shield 450 configured coaxially to the duct axis 110 around the duct 100 at the RF heating zone 5. The shield 450 may in embodiments comprise a square cross-sectional area, whereas the duct 100 may (in the same embodiment of the system 1000) be cylindrical. Yet, because the shield 450 substantially completely surrounds the duct 100 at the location of the heating zone 5, a shield-to-axis distance 451 may be defined by the shortest distance 451 between the duct axis 110 and the shield 450. In depicted embodiment, the ratio of the shield-to-axis distance 451 to the electrode-to-axis distance 452 is less than 2. In other embodiments, the ratio may be larger.

[0117] FIGS. 3-5 further also depict aspects of the cartridge 600. In embodiments of the system 1000, the product transport system 200 comprises the cartridge 600 for transporting the product 60 through the duct 100. In the method and/or during operation, the cartridge 600 may be transported through the RF heating zone 5 in the duct 100, along the duct axis 110, while the electric field 490 is generated in the duct 100 between the main electrode 410 and at least one counter electrode 420 (and optionally the further counter electrode 430) parallel to the duct axis 110. During transport, the cartridge axis 610 is arranged parallel to the duct axis 110.

[0118] The cartridge 600 comprises an assembly of the field-guiding element 440 and a product receiver 480 for hosting the product 60 in a cavity 485 of the product receiver 480. The product receiver 480 comprises an electrically insulating material 402. Furthermore, the field-guiding element 440 and the product receiver 480 are configured adjacent to each other along the cartridge axis 610. In FIGS. 3 and 5, the cartridge 600 comprises a plurality of field-guiding elements 440 and product receivers 480 wherein alternately one field-guiding element 440 and one product receiver 480 are configured adjacent to each other along the cartridge axis 610. As such, a combination of one field-guiding element 440 and one product receiver 480 may herein also be referred to a repeating cartridge unit 620.

[0119] The cartridge 600 may comprise a liquid channel 150 from the first end 601 to a second end 602 of the cartridge 600 for providing a fluid connection between the one or more cavities 485 and an external of the cartridge 600, such as with the liquid 2 in the duct 100. The liquid channel 150 may also comprise branches such as depicted in FIG. 4. There, the liquid channel 150 is also in fluid connection with the opening 650 at the edge 604 of the cartridge. Furthermore, the opening 650 may also be in fluid connection with the external of the cartridge 600.

[0120] The embodiment depicted in FIG. 4, further comprises a field-incoupling element 444. Such element 444 may be configured to deflect at least part of the first electric field 490 and/or the further electric field 495 towards the product 60 during transport of the product 60 through the RF heating zone 5. The shape of the field-guiding element 440 may therefore especially match the shape of the (packaged food) product 60, such as the shape of the tray comprising the slanted or sloped brick-like shape or (sloped) cuboid shape as depicted in the figure. It is noted that the field-incoupling element 444 extends from the body 445 of the field-guiding element 440. Furthermore, possible spacer elements 605 are especially not part of the body 445 of the field-guiding element 440. The thickness 442 of the field-guiding element 440 includes protrusions 449 extending from the first side 4401 and/or the second side 4402 of the field-guiding element 440.

[0121] In specific embodiments, during operation (continuously) at least one field-guiding element 440 is surrounded by the main electrode 410, see FIG. 3. Therefore, in embodiments, the length 415 of the main electrode 410 in a direction parallel to the duct axis 110 is equal to or longer than the shortest distance 615 between two neighboring field-guiding elements 440. Optionally also the further electrodes 420, 430 surround another field-guiding element 440 at the same time, herein also indicated as the first configuration. Such configuration is schematically depicted in FIG. 3.

[0122] FIG. 3 further depicts an embodiment wherein a first inter-electrode distance 419, defined by the shortest distance between the main electrode 410 and the first counter electrode 420, is larger than the second inter-electrode distance 429, between the main electrode 410 and the further counter electrode 430. In further embodiments, these inter-electrode distances 419, 429 may have an equal length.

[0123] In FIG. 5, an embodiment of the system 1000 is depicted, wherein the duct 100 comprises an arrangement of zones especially fluidly connected to each other and arranged from the upstream side 101 of the duct 100 to the downstream side 102 of the duct 100 in the next order: the feeding zone 4, the RF heating zone 5, the holding zone 6 the cooling zone 7, and the extraction zone 8. In such embodiment, the product 60 and the field-guiding element 440, or especially the cartridge 600, may be transporting from the feeding zone 4 to the cooling zone 7 along the duct axis 110. It is noted that only part of the cartridge 600 is shown in the heating zone 5, for clarity reasons.

[0124] The duct 100 of the embodiment further comprises five liquid ports 104 configured for providing liquid 2 to the duct 100 and/or for extracting liquid 2 from the duct 100 in some of the zones. In the figure, e.g., liquid 2 may be introduced at the downstream side of the cooling zone 7 and being extracted at the upstream side of the cooling zone 7, schematically indicated in FIG. 5 by a line depicting the liquid 2 flow through the cartridge 600 in the cooling zone 7. Furthermore, in the holding zone 6, liquid may be introduced at the upstream side of the zone 6 and be extracted at the downstream side of the zone 6. As such, a flow direction of the liquid 2 in the duct 100 in a first zone 4,5,6,7,8 may be selected independently from the flow direction of the liquid 2 in another zone of the respective zones 4,5,6,7,8. Furthermore, also the temperature of the liquid provided to a specific port 104 may be controlled to at least partially control the temperature in the duct in a specific zone 4,5,6,7,8. The ports 104 may of course in other embodiments be configured at other locations. The cartridge 600 may especially be configured for allowing such different flow directions in different zones.

[0125] In FIGS. 6 and 7 some further aspect of the cartridge 600 are depicted. In these embodiments, the cartridge 600, especially the field-guiding element 440, comprises an opening 650 in fluid connection with the liquid channel 150. The opening 650 is configured at an edge 604 of the cartridge 600. Furthermore, the cartridge 600 comprises a sealing element 606 extending from the outer surface 481 of the product receiver 480 and configured to sealingly arrange the cartridge 600 in the duct 100. As such, the liquid 2 in the duct 100 may be substantially blocked from flowing from the first side 601 to the second side 602 of the cartridge 600 between the duct wall 103 and the outer surface 481 of the product receiver. Any liquid 2 provided to the duct 100 via the inlet port 104 may flow via the outer surface 481 of the product receiver into the opening 650 in the cartridge 600 and into the liquid channel 150. Because also the cavity 485, especially the volume between the cavity 485 and a product 60 hosted by the cavity 485 may be part of the liquid channel 150, the liquid 2 may flow along the product 60 towards a neighboring field-guiding element 440. The liquid 2 may successively exit the field guiding element 440 via the edge 604 of the cartridge 600 (or of the field-guiding element 440) to another liquid port 104, or via a side of the cartridge 660 (such a depicted in FIG. 6 comprising the field-incoupling elements 444). As such, the field-guiding element 440 may especially define at least a part of the liquid channel 150. FIGS. 6 and 7, further show an alignment element 607 comprising four spacer elements 605. The alignment element 607 is configured for centering the cartridge 600 in the duct and may touch the wall 103 of the duct 100 during operation. The element 607 especially comprises electrically insulating material 402. It is noted that also the sealing element 606 may function as an alignment element 607.

[0126] In FIG. 7, it is further depicted that the cavity 60 of the product receiver 480 holding a product 60 may define a part of the liquid channel 150. The channel 150 may be completely surrounding the product 60 because of the profile 155 of the wall of the cavity 485. It is further noted that a heat expansion element 156 is configured in the electrically insulating material 402 for allowing the material 402 to expand and shrink because of temperature changes during treatment. It is further noted that the two products 60 in FIG. 7 comprise a tray having a slanted or sloped brick-like shape. That shape especially corresponds to the shape of the two field-incoupling elements 444 depicted in FIG. 6. Therefore, the embodiment of FIG. 7 may especially be connected to the embodiment of the cartridge 600 of FIG. 6.

[0127] The term “plurality” refers to two or more. Furthermore, the terms plurality of and “a number of” may be used interchangeably. The terms “substantially” and “essentially” herein, such as in “substantially all light” or in “substantially consists”, will be understood by the person skilled in the art. The terms “substantially” and “essentially may also include embodiments with “entirely”, “completely”, “all”, etc. Hence, in embodiments the adjectives substantially and essentially may also be removed. Where applicable, the terms “substantially” and “essentially” may also relate to 90% or higher, such as 95% or higher, especially 99% or higher, even more especially 99.5% or higher, including 100%. The term “comprise” includes also embodiments wherein the term “comprises” means “consists of”. The term “and/or” especially relates to one or more of the items mentioned before and after “and/or”. For instance, a phrase “item 1 and/or item 2” and similar phrases may relate to one or more of item 1 and item 2. The term “comprising” may in an embodiment refer to “consisting of” but may in another embodiment also refer to “containing at least the defined species and optionally one or more other species”.

[0128] Furthermore, the terms first, second, third and the like in the description and in the claims, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances and that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in other sequences than described or illustrated herein. The devices, apparatus, or systems herein are amongst others described during operation. As will be clear to the person skilled in the art, the invention is not limited to methods of operation or devices in operation. The terms “upstream” and “downstream” relate to an arrangement of items or features relative to the propagation of the product in the duct (during operation), wherein relative to a first position within the duct, a second position in the duct closer to an inlet for the product is “upstream”, and a third position within the duct further away from the inlet of the product (but closer to an outlet for the heat-treated product) is “downstream”. It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design many alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim.

[0129] Use of the verb “to comprise” and its conjugations does not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those stated in a claim. The article “a” or “an” preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The invention may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several distinct elements, and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the device claim enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by one and the same item of hardware. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used to advantage.

[0130] The invention further applies to a device, apparatus, or system comprising one or more of the characterizing features described in the description and/or shown in the attached drawings (when present). The invention further pertains to a method or process comprising one or more of the characterizing features described in the description and/or shown in the attached drawings (if present). Moreover, if a method or an embodiment of the method is described being executed in a device, apparatus, or system, it will be understood that the device, apparatus, or system is suitable for or configured for (executing) the method or the embodiment of the method respectively. The various aspects discussed in this patent can be combined in order to provide additional advantages. Further, the person skilled in the art will understand that embodiments can be combined, and that also more than two embodiments can be combined. Furthermore, some of the features can form the basis for one or more divisional applications.