Slidable constant speed universal joint

Abstract

A sliding constant velocity universal joint includes an outer joint member connected to a power transmission member and an inner joint member connected to an end portion of a shaft, for torque transmission between the outer joint member and the inner joint member while allowing an angle change and an axial change therebetween. The outer joint member incorporates therein an elastic member axially expandable/retractable between a tip of the shaft connected to the inner joint member and the outer joint member; the tip of the shaft is provided with a shaft protruding portion for supporting an inner diameter portion of a shaft-side end of the elastic member; the elastic member has its outer-joint-member side end provided with a receptacle for fitting into an inner diameter portion of the elastic member; the outer joint member has its inner surface press-fitted by an end plate; and the receptacle is pressed onto the end plate in the inner surface of the outer joint member.

Claims

1. A sliding constant velocity universal joint comprising an outer joint member connected to a power transmission member and an inner joint member connected to an end portion of a shaft, for torque transmission between the outer joint member and the inner joint member while allowing an angle change and an axial change therebetween, wherein the outer joint member incorporates therein an elastic member axially expandable/retractable between a tip of the shaft connected to the inner joint member and the outer joint member; the tip of the shaft is provided with a shaft protruding portion for supporting an inner diameter portion of a shaft-side end of the elastic member; the elastic member has its outer-joint-member side end provided with a receptacle for fitting into the inner diameter portion of the elastic member; the outer joint member has its inner surface press-fitted by an end plate; the receptacle is pressed onto the end plate in the inner surface of the outer joint member; the shaft protruding portion for supporting the inner diameter portion of the elastic member, and the receptacle for fitting into the inner diameter portion of the elastic member have their outer diameter surfaces provided by a combination of a cylindrical portion and a tapered portion.

2. The sliding constant velocity universal joint according to claim 1, wherein the receptacle and the end plate are made of metal or resin.

3. The sliding constant velocity universal joint according to claim 1, wherein the receptacle's surface facing the end plate is formed with a convex spherical surface portion; the end plate is provided with a concave spherical surface portion for contact guide of the convex spherical surface portion of the receptacle; and the convex spherical surface portion has a smaller curvature radius than that of the concave spherical surface portion.

4. The sliding constant velocity universal joint according to claim 3, wherein the convex spherical surface portion of the receptacle has its center region formed with a flat end-surface portion.

5. A sliding constant velocity universal joint comprising an outer joint member connected to a power transmission member and an inner joint member connected to an end portion of a shaft, for torque transmission between the outer joint member and the inner joint member while allowing an angle change and an axial change therebetween, wherein the outer joint member incorporates therein an elastic member axially expandable/retractable between a tip of the shaft connected to the inner joint member and the outer joint member; the tip of the shaft is provided with a shaft protruding portion for supporting an inner diameter portion of a shaft-side end of the elastic member; the elastic member has its outer-joint-member side end provided with a receptacle for fitting into the inner diameter portion of the elastic member; the outer joint member has its inner surface press-fitted by an end plate; the receptacle is pressed onto the end plate in the inner surface of the outer joint member; the receptacle's surface facing the end plate is formed with a convex spherical surface portion; the end plate is provided with a concave spherical surface portion for contact guide of the convex spherical surface portion of the receptacle; and the convex spherical surface portion has a smaller curvature radius than that of the concave spherical surface portion.

6. The sliding constant velocity universal joint according to claim 5, wherein the receptacle and the end plate are made of metal or resin.

7. The sliding constant velocity universal joint according to claim 5, wherein the shaft protruding portion for supporting the inner diameter portion of the elastic member, and the receptacle for fitting into the inner diameter portion of the elastic member have their outer diameter surfaces provided by a combination of a cylindrical portion and a tapered portion.

8. The sliding constant velocity universal joint according to claim 5, wherein the convex spherical surface portion of the receptacle has its center region formed with a flat end-surface portion.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a sectional view which shows a propeller shaft having its two ends provided with sliding constant velocity universal joints according to the present invention.

(2) FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the sliding constant velocity universal joint in FIG. 1.

(3) FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the sliding constant velocity universal joint in FIG. 1 in its disassembled state before assembling.

(4) FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the sliding constant velocity universal joint in FIG. 1 in a state during assembly.

(5) FIG. 5 is a sectional view which shows a state where a power transmission member is being attached by compressing a coil spring of the sliding constant velocity universal joint in FIG. 1.

(6) FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of an end portion of a shaft of the sliding constant velocity universal joint in FIG. 1.

(7) FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the coil spring of the sliding constant velocity universal joint in FIG. 1.

(8) FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a receptacle of the sliding constant velocity universal joint in FIG. 1.

(9) FIG. 9 is an enlarged sectional view of an end plate which is fitted into a recess in an outer ring of the sliding constant velocity universal joint in FIG. 1.

(10) FIG. 10 is an enlarged sectional view of an outer ring of the sliding constant velocity universal joint in FIG. 1.

(11) FIG. 11 is a sectional view which shows a propeller shaft having its two ends provided with conventional sliding constant velocity universal joints.

(12) FIG. 12 is a sectional view showing a state in which a power transmission member is not attached to the sliding constant velocity universal joint in FIG. 11.

(13) FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing a state in which a power transmission member is attached to the sliding constant velocity universal joint in FIG. 11.

(14) FIG. 14 is a sectional view which shows a state where a power transmission member is being attached by compressing a coil spring of the sliding constant velocity universal joint in FIG. 11.

(15) FIG. 15 is a sectional view showing a state in which a power transmission member is attached to another conventional sliding constant velocity universal joint.

(16) FIG. 16 is a sectional view which shows a state where a power transmission member is being attached by compressing a coil spring of the sliding constant velocity universal joint in FIG. 15.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

(17) Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described based on the attached drawings.

(18) As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention relates to sliding constant velocity universal joints 3, 3 which are utilized, for example, for a propeller shaft in a power transmission system employed in vehicles such as automobiles, agricultural tractors and the like, for pivotably connecting two ends of a shaft 1 disposed between two power transmission members 2, 2 to two respective ends of the power transmission members 2, 2, i.e., one functioning as a drive shaft and the other functioning as a driven shaft.

(19) The pair of sliding constant velocity universal joints 3. 3 which are connected to the two ends of the shaft 1 have an identical structure (symmetrical) with each other. Therefore, description will be made only for one sliding constant velocity universal joint 3 on one of the ends of the shaft 1.

(20) As shown in FIG. 2, the sliding constant velocity universal joint 3 according to the present invention includes an outer ring 4, an inner ring 5, balls 6 as torque transmission members, and a retainer 7.

(21) The outer ring 4, which serves as an outer joint member, includes a large-diameter tube portion 8 and a small-diameter tube portion 9 formed integrally and coaxially with each other. The small-diameter tube portion 9 has its inner circumferential surface formed with axially extending female spline grooves 10, whereas the power transmission member 2 has its spline shaft 11 formed in its outer circumferential surface with male spline grooves 12 for engagement with the female spline grooves 10. In other words, the power transmission member 2 and the outer ring 4 are slidably connectable with/disconnectable from each other in an axial direction.

(22) The large-diameter tube portion 8 of the outer ring 4 has a housing space 13 which is capable of housing therein the inner ring 5, the balls 6, the retainer 7 and so on. The large-diameter tube portion 8 has its inner circumferential surface formed with a plurality of axially extending ball grooves 14 at a constant circumferential interval. Also, a boot 20, made of rubber for example, is attached between an opening end of the large-diameter tube portion 8 and the shaft 1, using boot bands 20a, 20b.

(23) The inner ring 5, which represents the inner joint member, has its inner circumferential surface formed with axially extending female spline grooves 16 for engagement with male spline grooves 15 which are formed in an outer circumferential surface at an end portion of the shaft 1. With these arrangements, a snap ring 17 is attached to near a tip of the shaft 1 which is inserted into the inner ring 5 in order to prevent the shaft 1 from being pulled off the inner ring 5.

(24) Also, the inner ring 5 has its outer circumferential surface formed with a plurality of axially extending ball grooves 18 at a constant circumferential interval. The ball grooves 18 of the inner ring 5 and the ball grooves 14 of the outer ring 4 are opposed to each other. The opposed ball grooves 14, 18 of the inner and the outer ring 4, 5 provide tracks, each of which rotatably holds the ball 6.

(25) The retainer 7 has a plurality of pockets 19 at a constant circumferential interval. The retainer 7 is placed between the outer ring 4 and the inner ring 5, and each pocket 19 holds one ball 6. The retainer 7 and the inner ring 5 make a spherical contact between their respective inner circumferential surface and outer circumferential surface, allowing the shaft 1 to assume operating angles (to change its angle). Also, since the balls 6 are rotatable along the ball grooves 14 of the outer ring 4, the balls 6, the shaft 1, the inner ring 5 and the retainer 7 are capable of axially moving (axially displaceable) as a unit with respect to the outer ring 4. In other words, the sliding constant velocity universal joint 3 is capable of transmitting torques between the outer ring 4 and the inner ring 5 while allowing angle changes and axial changes.

(26) Also, in an inner circumferential edge at an opening end of the outer ring 4, a snap ring 30 provided by a circlip for example, is attached. The snap ring 30 interferes with the ball 6, thereby preventing the inner ring 5, the shaft 1 and other parts from dropping off the outer ring 4.

(27) Inside the housing space 13 of the outer ring 4, there is placed an elastic member which is provided by an axially expandable/retractable coil spring 21.

(28) An inner circumferential surface of the large-diameter tube portion 8 and an inner circumferential surface of the small-diameter tube portion 9 in the outer ring 4 are connected by a stepped surface, in which a recess 22 is formed for fitting a shallow-plate-like end plate 23.

(29) As shown in FIG. 9, the end plate 23 has a concave spherical surface portion 23a which faces an end of the coil spring 21, and a short, cylindrical edge portion 23b which fits into the recess 22 (see FIG. 3). The short cylindrical edge portion 23b has its outer diameter φD5 made larger than an inner diameter φD6 of the recess 22, so that the end plate 23 is press-fitted into the recess 22 of the outer ring 4 (FIG. 9 and FIG. 10).

(30) At an end of the coil spring 21 which faces the end plate 23, a receptacle 24 is fitted to an inner diameter portion of the coil spring 21 (see FIG. 1).

(31) Referring to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, the receptacle 24 includes a protruding portion 25 for fitting into the inner diameter portion of the coil spring 21, and a flange portion 26 for making contact with an end surface of the coil spring 21. The flange portion 26 has its outer surface formed with a convex spherical surface portion 26a which is guided by contact onto the concave spherical surface portion 23a of the end plate 23 (FIG. 8).

(32) The concave spherical surface portion 23a of the end plate 23 has a greater curvature radius than that of the convex spherical surface portion 26a in the receptacle 24, whereby it is possible to decrease sliding friction between the two portions.

(33) Also, the convex spherical surface portion 26a of the receptacle 24 may have its center region formed with a flat end-surface portion 26b, whereby it becomes possible to further decrease sliding friction between the receptacle 24 and the end plate 23.

(34) At a tip of the shaft 1, there is provided a shaft protruding portion 27 which provides support when inserted into an inner diameter portion at the other end of the coil spring 21 (FIG. 6).

(35) The coil spring 21 has one end having an inner diameter portion fitted with the shaft protruding portion 27 of the shaft 1, and another end having an inner diameter portion fitted with the protruding portion 25 of the receptacle 24 (see FIG. 4).

(36) As shown in FIG. 8, the protruding portion 25 of the receptacle 24 includes a flat cylindrical portion 25a of a diameter φD1 which interferes with an inner diameter φd1 (see FIG. 7) of the coil spring 21, and a tapered portion 25b which has an angle θ from the flat cylindrical portion 25a toward the tip.

(37) As shown in FIG. 6, the shaft protruding portion 27 has an outer diameter surface including a flat cylindrical portion 27a of a diameter φD1 which interferes with an inner diameter φ1 (see FIG. 7) of the coil spring 21, and a tapered portion 27b which has an angle θ from the flat cylindrical portion 27a toward the tip. Also, in an end surface of the shaft 1, there is provided a receptacle surface portion 28 of an outer diameter φD2 which has a size for accepting an end surface of the coil spring 21 of an outer diameter φd2.

(38) The diameter φD1 of the flat cylindrical portion 27a in the shaft protruding portion 27 and the diameter φD1 of the flat cylindrical portion 25a in the protruding portion 25 of the receptacle 24 have an interference with respect to the inner diameter φd1 of the coil spring 21; i.e., φd1<φD1. By assembling the coil spring 21 with the shaft protruding portion 27, and with the protruding portion 25 of the receptacle 24, it is possible to place the coil spring 21 stably at correct positions in the flat cylindrical portion 27a of the shaft protruding portion 27 and in the flat cylindrical portion 25a of the protruding portion 25 of the receptacle 24, and the state of assembly is externally visible.

(39) Also, the outer diameter φD4 of the flange portion 26 in the receptacle 24 is formed in a size to accept the end surface of the coil spring 21 which has an outer diameter φd2.

(40) By providing the tapered portion 25b and the tapered portion 27b in the outer diameter surface of the shaft protruding portion 27 and in the outer diameter surface of the protruding portion 25 in the receptacle 24, it is possible to improve assemblability into the inner diameter portions of the coil spring 21.

(41) By supporting the two ends of the coil spring 21 with the outer diameter surface of the shaft protruding portion 27 and the outer diameter surface of the protruding portion 25 of the receptacle 24, it becomes possible to stably place the coil spring 21 at a predetermined position, and the state of assembly is externally visible. Therefore, the coil spring 21 no longer comes off the shaft protruding portion 27 or the receptacle 24, and it is possible to elastically urge the sliding constant velocity universal joint 3 in a sliding fashion.

(42) The receptacle 24 and the end plate 23 are made of metal or resin. Both of the receptacle 24 and the end plate 23 may be made of metal or made of resin, or only one of them may be made of metal with the other made of resin.

(43) As an applicable resin material for a light sliding portion, POM (polyacetal) or PA (nylon) is preferable for its ware resistance, slidability and dimensional stability.

(44) Also, the outer ring 4 may be made of a carbon steel for machine structural use (such as S53C) or a chromium-molybdenum steel (such as SCM420). These materials should be heat treated by means of induction hardening tempering or carburizing and quenching.

(45) In the state shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the elastic urge from the coil spring 21 makes a press fit between the convex spherical surface portion 26a of the receptacle 24 and the concave spherical surface portion 23a of the end plate 23. Also, since the convex spherical surface portion 26a has a smaller curvature radius than that of the concave spherical surface portion 23a, the convex spherical surface portion 26a and the concave spherical surface portion 23a make an annular line-contact.

(46) It should be noted here that the coil spring 21 is in a compressed state inside the outer ring 4. In other words, the coil spring 21 is capable of providing its elastic urge in both axial directions within a range of axial movement of the ball 6, i.e., over the entire sliding stroke of the constant velocity universal joint 3.

(47) When the two power transmission members make an angle (operating angle), in other words, when there is a state change from operating angle 0° to the operating angle θ in FIG. 1, the convex spherical surface portion 26a of the receptacle 24 attached to the tip of the coil spring 21 slides on the concave spherical surface portion 23a of the end plate 23 in the outer ring 4. The convex spherical surface portion 26a of the receptacle 24 makes an annular line-contact onto the concave spherical surface portion 23a, resulting in a smooth stable sliding movement. On the other hand, the coil spring 21 is disposed in parallel with the axial direction, being held at a stable attitude.

(48) As described, even if the shaft 1 pivots around the power transmission member 2, the coil spring 21 is always held at a stable attitude, and therefore it is possible to provide stable torque transmission.

(49) Next, description will be made for a method of installing the sliding constant velocity universal joints 3 which are assembled to the two ends of the shaft 1, to two power transmission members which are spaced from each other by a predetermined distance.

(50) First, as shown in FIG. 3, the inner ring 5, the balls 6 and the retainer 7 are assembled together, and then fixed to the tip of the shaft 1 with the snap ring 17 so that the inner ring 5 will not come out. The end plate 23 is fitted into the recess 22 of the outer ring 4.

(51) Then, as shown in FIG. 4, the inner diameter portion at an end of the coil spring 21 is inserted and fixed into the shaft protruding portion 27 of the shaft 1, whereas the protruding portion 25 of the receptacle 24 is inserted and fixed into the inner diameter portion at the other end of the coil spring 21. The inner ring 5 is attached inside the outer ring 4, thereby assembling the sliding constant velocity universal joint 3.

(52) Thereafter, the small-diameter tube portion 9 of one of the sliding constant velocity universal joint 3 is axially slid around the spline shaft 11 of the corresponding power transmission member 2 to be fitted therearound (see FIG. 2). In this state, an axial length from the tip of one sliding constant velocity universal joint 3 to the tip of the other sliding constant velocity universal joint 3 is longer than the distance between the power transmission members 2, 2. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5, an axial pressing force A is applied to the other sliding constant velocity universal joint 3, to compress the coil springs 21 in both sliding constant velocity universal joints 3. In other words, by applying the pressing force A thereby compressing the coil springs 21, it is possible to shorten the axial tip-to-tip length of the two sliding constant velocity universal joints 3, 3 than the distance between the power transmission members 2, 2. Thereafter, the small-diameter tube portion 9 of the other sliding constant velocity universal joint 3 is axially slid around the spline shaft 11 of the corresponding power transmission member 2 to be fitted therearound, and this completes the installation.

(53) Once the installation is completed, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the elastic urge from the coil spring 21 presses the outer ring 4 of the sliding constant velocity universal joint 3 onto the corresponding power transmission member 2, thereby maintaining the fitting between the sliding constant velocity universal joint 3 and the power transmission member 2. Also, the shaft 1 is held at a position where the elastic forces from the coil springs 21, 21 located at the two ends are balanced.

(54) It should be noted here that the method of installation is not limited to the above-described example. Another example may be that both sliding constant velocity universal joints 3,3 are pressed toward the shaft 1 to shorten the axial length, and thereafter each of the sliding constant velocity universal joints 3, 3 is fitted around the power transmission members 2, 2 one after the other or simultaneously.

(55) When removing the installed sliding constant velocity universal joint 3 from the power transmission member 2, the above-described method should simply be performed in the reverse order, so no more description will be made here.

(56) Thus far, an embodiment of the present invention has been described, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiment. It is obvious that the invention may be varied in many ways within the scope of the present invention. For example, a sliding constant velocity universal joint according to the present invention may be connected only to one end of a shaft rather than to both ends.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

(57) 1: shaft 2: power transmission member 3: sliding constant velocity universal joint 4: outer ring 5: inner ring 6: ball 7: retainer 8: large-diameter tube portion 9: small-diameter tube portion 10: female spline groove 11: spline shaft 12: male spline groove 13: housing space 14: ball groove 15: male spline groove 16: female spline groove 17: snap ring 18: ball groove 19: pocket 20: boot 20a, 20b: boot band 21: coil spring 22: recess 23: end plate 23a: concave spherical surface portion 23b: edge portion 24: receptacle 25: convex portion 25a: flat cylindrical portion 25b: tapered portion 26: flange portion 26a: convex spherical surface portion 26b: flat end-surface portion 27: shaft protruding portion 27a: flat cylindrical portion 27b: tapered portion 28: receptacle surface portion 30: snap ring