Methods and devices for sanitation, disinfection and sterilization

Abstract

The present invention relates to methods and devices for diminishing microbes. The invention provides methods and devices to sanitize, disinfect and sterilize areas, spaces, surfaces and items as well as to sanitize human skin. The methods and devices will be of major importance to the healthcare industry and to other industries or physical environments that require sanitizing, disinfecting or sterilizing. The methods comprise the use of near infrared light (NIR), UV, violet and blue emitting LED elements as well as OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diodes) as a stand-alone technology. Optionally the system may be used in combination with ozone and ionized silver.

Claims

1. A method for disinfecting and/or sterilizing a hospital area, said method comprising illumination of the area with light output from: one or more LED elements emitting NIR light of a wavelength within a range of 850-890 nm and within a range of 920-960 nm, one or more LED elements emitting UV-C light within a range of 240-260 nm, continuously for 5 to 50 minutes, wherein the method reduces microorganisms at least by a reduction level of 5-log, the microorganisms being selected from a group consisting of MRSA, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, and Clostridium difficile.

2. The method of claim 1 additionally comprising illumination of the area with light output from one or more of following: one or more LED elements emitting light of a wavelength within a range of 380 to 475 nm; and one or more LED or OLED elements emitting light of a wavelength within a range of 475 to 700 nm.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the one or more LED elements emitting UV-C light of a wavelength within a range of 240 to 260 nm are automatically switched off when a detector recognizes an event indicating a human being is present in the area.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the method additionally includes providing an ozone stream in the area, and wherein the method reduces microorganisms by a reduction level of 7-log within 10 to 20 minutes.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the ozone stream is provided by an ozone generator producing at least 1000 mg of ozone per hour.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the hospital area is a surgery room.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the microbe is MRSA and the method reduces the microbes by at least 6 log in 30 minutes.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

(1) FIG. 1 illustrates a peak at about 771 nm of an OLED light.

(2) FIG. 2 illustrates the germicidal action of ozone.

(3) FIG. 3 illustrates the reduction of microbial air pollution in a clinic by ionization. Adapted from Gabbay, J. (1990). “Effect of ionization on microbial air pollution in the dental clinic.” Environ. Res. 52(1): 99.

(4) FIG. 4 illustrates the effect of UV-C light on common household contaminants: odors, bacteria and mold.

(5) FIG. 5 illustrates the synergistic effect of NIR and other methods of this disclosure. E is the application of NIR of 850-890 nm and 920-960 nm. B is a combination of NIR with UV-C. D is a combination of NIR with ozone. The C curve is related to UV-C treatment, F is ozone treatment and A is a combination of NIR with UV-C and ozone. The combination: NIR+UV-C and ozone provided the fastest (from 10 to 20 minutes) and greatest (99.99999 or 7 log reduction of cfu) killing effect or eradication of Bacillus subtilis.

(6) FIG. 6A-D. FIG. 6A shows LED strips of NIR wavelengths of 850-890 nm, UV-C of 260 nm, violet light of 405 nm and blue light of 425 nm and a LED panel assembled from these strips of various colors (wavelengths). FIG. 6B shows a single LED emitter. FIG. 6C shows a single 5050 SMD infrared LED emitter of 850 nm. FIG. 6D. shows a variation of Steril MAX lighting system in a rectangular shaped unit consisting of a metal (optionally aluminum) case with 3 strips of NIR LED emitters with 16 emitters in each strip (48 LED emitters as total per unit), 4 UV-C tubes and a power supply. Steril MAX can achieve a high level of microbial reduction with a mix of near infrared and ultraviolet lights. The unit is designed to be portable and sensitive to motion ensuring safe operation given the UV-C.

(7) FIG. 7 shows a LED “Purifying Box”. LED strips of NIR wavelengths in the range of 850-890 nm, 930-940 nm and violet light of 405 nm are installed inside the device.

(8) FIG. 8 illustrates the increase of temperature as a function of time of an item closed in the box of FIG. 8.

(9) FIG. 9 illustrates the bacterial killing effect of the box of FIG. 7.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Definitions

(10) By infrared it is meant wavelengths above 1400 nm.

(11) By near infrared (NIR) it is meant wavelengths 750-1400 nm.

(12) By visible light it is meant wavelengths 390-750 nm.

(13) By photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) it is meant wavelengths 400-700 nm.

(14) By blue light it is meant wavelengths 380-495 nm.

(15) By ultraviolet light it is meant wavelengths 10-380 nm.

(16) By ultraviolet C light it is meant wavelengths 100-290 nm.

(17) By ultraviolet A light it is meant wavelengths 350-400 nm.

(18) By orange light it is meant wavelengths 590-620 nm.

(19) By red light it is meant wavelengths 600-700 nm.

(20) By far red light it is meant wavelengths 700-750 nm.

(21) By green light it is meant wavelengths 495-590 nm.

(22) By yellow light it is meant wavelengths 570-590 nm.

(23) By cool white light it is meant the light with correlated color temperatures* of 5000-6000K.

(24) *Correlated Color temperature (CCT) in lighting describes how the color of the light appears from a lamp, measured in Kelvins (K).

(25) By warm white light it is meant the light with correlated color temperatures of 2700-3500K.

(26) In the present context, the terms ‘LED’, ‘LED element’ and ‘light-emitting diode’ are used interchangeably and refer to light-emitting diodes in all known forms, be it inorganic, organic, point-like, or line-like. In one embodiment, the LEDs are wide-angle elements, which refer to LEDs which deliver light evenly on the illuminated surface. The LEDs may be used in high-power output and emit continuously.

(27) By OLED it is meant organic light-emitting diode. OLED is a light-emitting diode (LED) in which the emissive electroluminescent layer is a film of organic compound which emits light in response to an electric current.

(28) The words “eradicating” and “sterilizing” are used synonymously and what is meant is a decrease of infection-causing microbes by at least a log 5 reduction level.

(29) By “disinfecting” it is meant a decrease of infection-causing microbes by at least a log 4 reduction level.

(30) By “sanitizing” it is meant a decrease of infection-causing microbes by at least a log 2 reduction level.

(31) The present invention relates to methods for either disinfecting or sterilizing an area, devices, or garments and fabrics. Certain embodiments relate to sanitizing human skin, especially hands or feet. The methods comprise providing a light system capable of illuminating an area, a device, set of devices, garments and fabrics, or human skin, with near infrared light from several light-emitting diodes, optionally in combination with violet, blue or ultraviolet (UV) lights. The method may comprise additionally the use of ozone to achieve further reduction of infection-causing microbes. In an embodiment where the illumination is used to sanitize human skin, UV light is not applied.

(32) Moreover, the present invention relates to a method to turn all or part of the illumination and/or ozone generation off automatically when human skin may be exposed.

(33) The method and device of this invention are unique in their ability to eradicate (at least 5 log reduction and preferably 6 log reduction i.e. 99.9999%) all kinds of bacteria (both Gram-positive and Gram-negative), fungi, viruses and pathogenic protozoa in a short period of time (from 5 to 20 minutes).

(34) The method and device can be used to eradicate bacteria in at least the following genus: Chlamydia, Clostridium, Escherichia, Helicobacterium, Lactobacillus, Legionella, Leuconostoc, Listeria, Pediococcus, Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus, Vibrio and Yersinia. The method and device may be used to eradicate other bacterial genus as well. Specifically, the method and device can be used to eradicate MSRA and C. difficile.

(35) The method and device can be used to eradicate fungi in at least the following genus: Aspergillus, Penicillium, Saccharomyches and Candida. The method and device may be used to eradicate other fungal species as well.

(36) The method and device can be used to eradicate parasites in at least the following genus: Amoeba, Cryptosporium and Giardia. The method and device may be used to eradicate other parasites as well.

(37) The method and device can be used to eradicate viruses in at least the following genus and groups: Rotavirus, Norovirus, Human papilloma virus, Herpes virus, Hepatitis virus, Influenza virus and HIV. The method and device may be used to eradicate other viruses as well.

(38) According to this invention the synergistic effects of combinations of NIR with UV-C, ozone and/or ionized silver provide the fastest (from 5 to 20 minutes) and greatest (99.9999 or 6 log reduction of cfu) killing effect of any combination of bacterial, fungal and virus populations.

(39) Effects of Ozone on Specific Bacteria, Virus and Molds.

(40) Ozone (O.sub.3) is a gas and an unstable form of oxygen (O.sub.2) and has a total of three atoms, unlike stable oxygen that has only two atoms. In nature, ozone is formed by the sun's ultraviolet rays and the high-energy electrical discharges that happen during lightning storms.

(41) Ozone can also be reproduced scientifically in safe, controlled quantities. Ozone continuously applied in slightly elevated concentrations is an extremely effective, safe and economical method of reducing common bacteria, yeasts, molds, mildew and viruses on surfaces in homes, public places and in the air we breathe. By oxidizing the by-products of decay, ozone rapidly eliminates the allergens from dust mites and other arthropods. Ozone can also eliminate harmful chemical gases that are emitted from plywood, carpet, glue, paint, many indoor cleaners, etc. Ozone's powerful oxidizing action quickly reduces trapped chemical residues to harmless by-products. Ozone interferes with the metabolism of bacterium-cells, most likely through inhibiting and blocking the operation of the enzymatic control system. A sufficient amount of ozone breaks through the cell membrane, and this leads to the destruction of the bacteria.

(42) Viruses are small, independent particles, built of crystals and macromolecules. Ozone destroys viruses by diffusing through the protein coat into the nucleic acid core, resulting in damage of the viral RNA.

(43) As a comparison based on 99.99% of bacterial concentration being killed and time taken, ozone is 25 times more effective than HOCl (Hypochlorous Acid); 2,500 times more effective than OCl (Hypochlorite); and 5,000 times more effective than NH.sub.2Cl (Chloramine).

(44) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 The effects of ozone on various bacterial, viral and fungal species. The results are from published literature. Pathogen Dosage Aspergillus Niger (Black Mount) Destroyed by 1.5 to 2 mg/I Bacillus Bacteria Destroyed by 0.2 m/I within 30 seconds Bacillus Anthracis (causes anthrax in Ozone susceptible sheep, cattle and pigs. Also a human pathogen) Bacillus cereus 99% destruction after 5-min at 0.12 mg/l in water B. cereus (spores) 99% destruction after 5-min at 2.3 mg/l in water Bacillus subtilis 90% reduction at 0.10-PPM for 33 minutes Bacteriophage f2 99.99% destruction at 0.41 mg/l for 10-seconds in water Botrytis cinerea 3.8 mg/l for 2 minutes C. difficile 99.999% destruction at 0.6 mg/l for 2 minutes (in water) Candida Bacteria Ozone susceptible Clavibacter michiganense 99.99% destruction at 1.1 mg/l for 5 minutes Cladosporium 90% reduction at 0.10-PPM for 12.1 minutes Clostridium Bacteria Ozone susceptible Clostridium Botulinum Spores. Its toxin 0.4 to 0.5 mg/l threshold value paralyses the central nerve system, being a poison multiplying in food and meals. Coxsackie Virus A9 95% destruction at 0.035 mg/l for 10-seconds in water Coxsackie Virus B5 99.99% destruction at 0.4 mg/l for 2.5-minutes in sludge effluent Diphtheria Pathogen Destroyed by 1.5 to 2 mg/l Eberth Bacillus (Typhus abdomanalis). Destroyed by 1.5 to 2 mg/l Spreads typically by aqueous infection and causes typhoid. Echo Virus 29: The virus most sensitive to After a contact time of 1 minute at 1 mg/l of ozone. ozone, 99.999% killed. Enteric virus 95% destruction at 4.1 mg/l for 29 minutes in raw wastewater Escherichia Coli Bacteria (from feces) Destroyed by 0.2 mg/l within 30 seconds in air E-coli (in clean water) 99.99% destruction at 0.25 mg/l for 1.6 minutes E-coli (in wastewater) 99.9% destruction at 2.2 mg/l for 19 minutes Encephalomyocarditis Virus Destroyed to zero level in less than 30 seconds with 0.1 to 0.8 mg/l. Endamoebic Cysts Bacteria Ozone susceptible Enterovirus Virus Destroyed to zero level in less than 30 seconds with 0.1 to 0.8 mg/l. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici 1.1 mg/l for 10 minutes Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonogea 99.99% destruction at 1.1 mg/l for 20 minutes GDVII Virus Destroyed to zero level in less than 30 seconds with 0.1 to 0.8 mg/l. Hepatitis A virus 99.5% reduction at 0.25 mg/l for 2-seconds in a phosphate buffer Herpes Virus Destroyed to zero level in less than 30 seconds with 0.1 to 0.8 mg/l. Influenza Virus 0.4 to 0.5 mg/l threshold value Klebs-Loffler Bacillus Destroyed by 1.5 to 2 mg/l Legionella pneumophila 99.99% destruction at 0.32 mg/l for 20 minutes in distilled water Luminescent Basidiomycetes (species Destroyed in 10 minutes at 100-PPM having no melanin pigment). Mucor piriformis 3.8 mg/l for 2 minutes Mycobacterium avium 99.9% with a CT value of 0.17 in water (scientifically reviewed document) Mycobacterium foruitum 90% destruction at 0.25 mg/l for 1.6 minutes in water Penicillium Bacteria Ozone susceptible Phytophthora parasitica 3.8 mg/l for 2 minutes Poliomyelitis Virus 99.99% kill with 0.3 to 0.4 mg/l in 3-4 minutes Poliovirus type 1 99.5% destruction at 0.25 mg/l for 1.6 minutes in water Proteus Bacteria Very susceptible Pseudomonas Bacteria Very susceptible Rhabdovirus virus Destroyed to zero level in less than 30 seconds with 0.1 to 0.8 mg/l Salmonella Bacteria Very susceptible Salmonella typhimurium 99.99% destruction at 0.25 mg/l for 1.67 minutes in water Schistosoma Bacteria Very susceptible Staph epidermidis 90% reduction at 0.1-ppm for 1.7 min Staphylococci Destroyed by 1.5 to 2.0 mg/l Stomatitis Virus Destroyed to zero level in less than 30 seconds with 0.1 to 0.8 mg/l Streptococcus Bacteria Destroyed by 0.2 mg/l within 30 seconds Verticillium dahliae 99.99% destruction at 1.1 mg/l for 20 minutes Vesicular Virus Destroyed to zero level in less than 30 seconds with 0.1 to 0.8 mg/l Virbrio Cholera Bacteria Very susceptible

(45) The effect of ozone below a certain critical concentration value is small or zero. Above this level all pathogens are eventually destroyed. This effect is called all-or-none response and the critical level is the “threshold value”. According to this invention the “threshold value” of ozone is reduced by applying ozone simultaneously with NIR exposure and optionally with UV wavelengths. The surprising result of the method of this invention is the synergistic effect of the light treatment and ozone.

(46) Antimicrobial Effects of Ionized Silver.

(47) The antimicrobial properties of silver have been known to cultures all around the world for many centuries. The Phoenicians stored water and other liquids in silver coated bottles to discourage contamination by microbes. Silver dollars used to be put into milk bottles to keep milk fresh and water tanks of ships and airplanes that are “silvered” are able to render water potable for months. In 1884 it became a common practice to administer drops of aqueous silver nitrate to newborn's eyes to prevent the transmission of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from infected mothers to children during childbirth.

(48) Once antibiotics were discovered, the use of silver as a bactericidal agent decreased. However, with the discovery of antibiotics came the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains such as CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA, the flesh-eating bacteria.

(49) In order for silver to have any antimicrobial properties, it must be in its ionized form. Silver in its non-ionized form is inert, but contact with moisture leads to the release of silver ions Thus, all forms of silver or silver containing compounds with observed antimicrobial properties are in one way or another sources of silver ions (Ag+); these silver ions may be incorporated into the substance and released slowly with time as with silver sulfadiazine, or the silver ions can come from ionizing the surface of a solid piece of silver as with silver nanoparticles. Silver zeolite is also a commonly used form of antibacterial silver.

(50) Various types of food packaging have been supplemented with silver-containing compounds to deter microbial growth and extend product shelf life.

(51) According to this invention NIR illumination may be used in combination with UV light, ozone and/or ionized silver. Table 2 below illustrates the advantages and drawbacks of each of these methods and benefits of these in various combinations.

(52) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 The benefits of using NIR and UV in combination with ozone and ionized silver. Microbial killing factors and their combinations Effects on microorganisms NIR (750-950 nm) 80% to 99.9% or 2-3 log reduction of the iron-dependent and some other types of bacteria and fungi. UV-C Kills microbes mostly on the surface of the products, in air or in light transparent water due to lack of penetration of UV light through most of the materials. Ozone Kills from 90% to 99.99% of microbes. For example, ozone destroys 99.9% at 2.2 mg/l for 19 minutes. Ionized silver It was found that silver has the most effective antibacterial action and the least toxicity to animal cells. Due to increasing antibiotic resistance, there has recently been a renewed interest in using silver as an antibacterial agent. NIR + UV-C NIR + UV-C combination is more effective in eliminating microbes and viruses compared to either factor working alone. NIR + Ozone NIR + Ozone combination is more effective in eliminating microbes and viruses compared to either factor working alone. Ozone in a concentration of 0.02 PPM in a moderately humid atmosphere exercises a very definite killing effect against bacteria on surfaces, but below this level it has little effect. A combination of ozone with NIR makes ozone efficient in killing bacteria at low concentrations (around 0.01 PPM and even less). UV-C + Ozone UV-C + Ozone combination is more effective in eliminating microbes and viruses compared to either factor working alone. A synergistic effect of UV-C and ozone has been reported on the disinfection of water. The combination of low-dose ozone with UV irradiation is an option to give the benefit of disinfection and to reduce drawbacks of UV and ozone disinfection. (Jingyun FANG, Huiling LIU, Chii SHANG, Minzhen ZENG, Mengling NI, Wei LIU. E. coli and bacteriophage MS2 disinfection by UV, ozone and the combined UV and ozone processes. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. 2014, 8(4): 547-552) UV-C + Ionized UV-C + Ionized silver combination is more effective in eliminating silver microbes and viruses compared to either factor working alone. NIR + Ionized NIR + Ionized silver combination is more effective in eliminating silver microbes and viruses compared to either factor working alone NIR + UV-C + This multiple combination is able to completely eradicate almost all Ozone and/or types and species of microbes (killing rate is 99.999% and higher within Ionized silver a very short period of time (e.g. 5 minutes). Also, the combination is more effective in eliminating antibiotic resistant bacteria like MRSA.

(53) The synergistic effect of a combination of NIR with UV-C, ozone and/or ionized silver is illustrated in FIG. 5, where E is the application of NIR of 850-890 nm and 920-960 nm. B is a combination of NIR with UV-C. D is a combination of NIR with ozone. The C curve is related to UV-C treatment, F is ozone treatment and A is a combination of NIR with UV-C and ozone. The combination NIR+UV-C and ozone provided the fastest (from 10 to 20 minutes) and the greatest (99.9999% or 6 log reduction of cfu) killing effect on Bacillus subtilis.

(54) The invention of this disclosure is now described by means of non-limiting examples. A skilled artisan will recognize that various modifications may be made without dividing from the spirit of the invention.

Example 1

Sterilizing a Surgery Room

(55) The Vitabeam™ Steril MAX consists of a high bay on which the original LEDs are replaced by a mix of UV-C & NIR wavelengths. This product is meant to be used as a prototype to determine the optimal light output required to kill MRSA and other microbes.

(56) According to a preferred embodiment the LED lights provide NIR wavelengths selected from the group consisting of: 800-850 nm, 850-880 nm, 880-900 nm, 900-930 nm and 930-970 nm (950 max) and combinations thereof from 1 to 100 Watts/m.sup.2. The UV-C-wavelength is preferably 250-260 nm. According to one preferred embodiment the LED lights additionally provide blue light. Blue light wavelengths are preferably between 405 and 425 nm. A combination of these wavelengths provides the highest possible destruction of both iron-dependent and non-iron dependent bacteria.

(57) According to one preferred embodiment the lamp comprises OLED (organic light emitting diodes) emitting in the range of 750-820 nm.

(58) According to one preferred embodiment, one lamp is installed per 3-4 cubic meter of area. Depending on what level of microbial reduction is required, the number of lamps per cubic area may vary. According to a preferred embodiment for particular uses in hospitals for example, the number of lamps per cubic area is such that a decrease of microbes at 5 log level reduction is achieved in ten minutes or less. The number of lamps per cubic area may be from 1-10 per cubic meter, more preferably 2-5 and most preferably 2-3.

(59) The Vitabeam™ Steril MAX (production version) will be installed in specific hospital areas where MRSA and other microbes are identified as being a risk to human beings. The lamp is to be installed on the ceiling, in the middle of the room. Due to the harmful effects of UV-C on human skin, this lamp will be used only for a limited period of time when humans are not within its operating area. According to one preferred embodiment, the UV light is turned off automatically upon indication of a human being entering the space. For example, opening a door may trigger the system to turn the UV light off. Alternatively, the UV light may turn on only at certain pre-determined times, for example during night hours.

(60) According to one embodiment, the light may be connected to an ozone generator such that in addition to the light, the system provides ozone flow in the area. The ozone generator may be connected to the same regulation system as the UV light, thereby providing ozone flow only when human beings are not present.

Example 2

Effect of Vitabeam™ Steril MAX Light on Staphylococcus aureus, MSRA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella typhimurium

(61) The experiments were conducted to evaluate the most effective combination of the wavelengths to eradicate Staphylococcus aureus, MSRA, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella typhimurium. The experiments were conducted by exposing bacterial colonies on Petri dishes to different wavelength combination for different periods of time. The area of the colonies is evaluated before and after the illumination. The experiments were conducted under ambient atmosphere and temperature. The results were at least 99.9994% (5-log) reduction in 30 seconds and almost complete eradication 99.9999%-100% reduction (6-7 log and higher) in 30 minutes of irradiation of bacterial colonies with Vitabeam™ Steril MAX lighting, comprising illumination with wavelengths at the following ranges: 800-1000 nm, 400-450 nm and 250-400 nm. The NIR wavelengths may be selected from the groups consisting of: 800-850 nm, 850-860 nm, 860-880 nm, 880-900 nm, and 930-970 nm. The synergistic effect of a combination of NIR with UV-C resulted in the highest possible log reduction in such a short period of irradiation as 30 seconds. Tables 4, 5, 6 and 7:

(62) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 4 Efficacy of the Vitabeam ™ Steril MAX unit against Staphylococcus aureus at 30-min treatments. The illumination included wavelengths 240-260 nm and 800-960 nm. Time zero Population 30-minute Treatment Population Replicate CFU/mL CFL/mL 1 9.20 × 10.sup.6 1.00 × 10.sup.1 2 7.50 × 10.sup.6 1.00 × 10.sup.1 3 6.70 × 10.sup.6 2.00 × 10.sup.1 Average 7.80 × 10.sup.6 1.33 × 10.sup.1 Log Reduction 5.7879 % Reduction 99.9998

(63) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 5 Efficacy of the Vitabeam ™ Steril MAX unit against MRSA bacteria at 30-min treatments. The illumination included wavelengths at 240-260 nm and 800-960 nm. Time zero Population 30-minute Treatment Population Replicate CFU/mL CFU/mL 1 6.40 × 10.sup.7 1.00 × 10.sup.1 2 9.90 × 10.sup.7 1.00 × 10.sup.1 3 4.60 × 10.sup.7 1.00 × 10.sup.1 Average 6.97 × 10.sup.7 1.00 × 10.sup.1 Log Reduction 6.8215 % Reduction 99.9999

(64) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 6 Efficacy of the Vitabeam ™ Steril MAX unit against Escherichia coli at 30-second treatments. The illumination included wavelengths at 240-260 nm and 800-960 nm. Replicate Initial Population T-30 sec Log Reduction % Reduction 1 2.30E+07 5.00E+01 5.66 99.9998 2 8.90E+07 2.00E+01 6.65 100.0000 3 3.24E+07 2.00E+01 6.21 99.9999 Average 4.81E+07 3.00E+01 6.1735 99.9999

(65) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 7 Efficacy of the Vitabeam ™ Steril MAX unit against Salmonella typhimurium at 30-sec treatments. The illumination included wavelengths at 240-260 nm and 800-960 nm. Replicate Initial Population T-30 sec Log Reduction % Reduction 1 9.10E+07 3.00E+01 6.48 100.0000 2 8.00E+07 4.80E+02 5.22 99.9994 3 6.80E+07 1.00E+01 6.83 100.0000 Average 7.97E+07 1.73E+02 6.1788 99.9998

Example 3

Sterilizing Medical Equipment or any Small Household Items

(66) According to one preferred embodiment a container is provided for sterilizing medical equipment. FIG. 7 illustrates a prototype of such a container. The container may be a box, such as in FIG. 7 with NIR light strips attached inside the box. The strips may be attached inside the cover of the box or additionally or alternatively inside the bottom and/or the sides of the box. The NIR light strips are preferably as described in Example 1 above.

(67) According to this embodiment the light strips are turned on when the container is closed or the container has a switch to turn the lights on and off. According to one preferred embodiment the lights are automatically turned off after a pre-determined period of time.

(68) According to one preferred embodiment the container serves as a medical tray. The container may include instruments for a specific type of procedure, such as a surgical operation or a dental procedure. The instruments inside the medical tray may be sterilized by autoclaving before inserting them into the container where the light system keeps them sterile until use.

(69) FIG. 8 shows how the container may also be used as a purification device. Within 60 minutes the temperature is raised to 63 Celsius degrees which is sufficient for destroying most pathogenic microbes because of the synergistic action between NIR and the temperature rise. FIG. 9 shows the eradication of microbes from items after treating them for 2 hours in the box.

(70) According to one preferred embodiment the container may include an ozone generator that allows ozone to flush through the container.

(71) According to one preferred embodiment the ozone generator has an open air design and will create higher ozone levels than all other 7000 mg/h ozone generators on the market. Heat destroys ozone and placing the 2 plates on top of each other within a small box would create high heat levels that quickly destroy the ozone being created. It will also limit the amount of oxygen from the surrounding air that can access the electrical charge on the plates, thus producing less ozone than the dual transformer unit here.

(72) A container with the lights and an ozone flush may be used also for disinfecting fabric material. Ozone would be particularly effective in such an embodiment because the light may not penetrate to every fold of the fabric.

(73) According to one preferred embodiment the container described above may be used for example at daycare centers to disinfect toys or other children's items. The device for this purpose is specifically designed to diminish norovirus, rotavirus and influenza virus. The device for this purpose is preferably provided with a locking system.

(74) According to one embodiment the container described above may also be used to disinfect any small household or personal items such as watches, jewelry, coins, etc. A skilled artisan would recognize that the device may be used for disinfecting various items and all such uses are within the scope of this invention.

Example 4

Hand or Feet Sanitizing Device

(75) A device to sanitize hands preferably includes one or more cavities to insert hands or feet. The cavities include LED lights or OLED lights providing NIR wavelengths. The wavelengths are preferably selected from the groups consisting of: 800-850 nm, 850-860 nm, 860-880 nm, 880-900 nm, and 930-970 nm. OLED lights may provide wavelengths emitting in the range of 750-820 nm.

(76) Alternatively the device has a flat or curved platform adapting to the hand or feet.

(77) According to one preferred embodiment the device has a sensor that turns the lights on when a person inserts his/her hands or feet in the cavities or on the platform.

(78) According to one embodiment the lights are on for a pre-determined time sufficient to reduce the amount of microbes on hands to a desired level.

(79) According to one embodiment the device also blows hot air to dry hands. According to another embodiment, the device blows ozone to increase the sanitizing effect.

(80) The device may be used in health-care and clinical settings for hand sanitation. It may be installed in places like public bathrooms, schools and daycare centers. Furthermore, the device is practical in swimming facilities, nail salons and gyms for preventing nail and foot fungus infections.