ENERGY COLLECTING SYSTEMS OF THE MARINE, RIVER AND WIND CURRENTS

Abstract

The improvements in the energy capture systems of sea, river and wind currents, characterized in that the turbines are helical in shape and the turns or threads have an inclination close to 45°, of a quarter-round or quarter-circle section and are placed together with the shafts of the generators that are covered by a casing. or aerodynamic nacelle in front of or on the other side of the support mast. The upper area of the mast can rotate with the generator and have an aerodynamic profile. They can be installed attached to one end by means of a cable between the two banks of a river, or in a narrowing of the same, or they can be subject to elements or means of fastening consisting of a mast, tree, or with a chain, fixed to the ground. at the bottom of the sea or river. The turbines drive a generator and electrical conduction cables and a security and warning facility are added. The generator is placed between the shaft or end of the turbine and the fastening element or means, or behind the mast, on the opposite side of the turbine. In this case, it carries a ball joint at the upper end of the mast. The mast carries deflector plates that are oriented and direct and increase the flow of water or air towards the turbine.

Claims

1. Improvements in the energy capturing systems of the maritime, fluvial and wind currents, of the type that uses helical turbines, characterized in that the turbines are helical in shape and the turns or threads have an inclination close to 45°, and are fastened of one end by means of a cable between the two banks of a river, or in a narrowing of the same, or they are fastened to a mast, tree or a chain, fixed to the ground or to the bottom of the sea, attached to the shafts of the generators that are covered by an aerodynamic casing or nacelle, in front of or, on the other side of the supporting mast, the turbines drive a generator and electrical conduction cables and a safety and warning installation are added, the generator is placed between the shaft or end of the turbine and the fastening element or means, or behind the mast, on the opposite side of the turbine.

2. Improvements according to claim 1, wherein the upper end of the mast carries a generator support element, which has an aerodynamic profile and rotates with respect to the mast by means of a rod that is inserted into said mast.

3. Improvements according to claim 1, wherein the turbines are fastened with a ball joint, ring or collar around the mast and their connection to the axis of the electric generator is made with a universal joint or cardan.

4. Improvements according to claim 1, wherein the helical turbines are of a quarter-round or quarter-circle thread type, have the outermost edge directed towards the current, this channeling the fluid towards the opposite edge in the direction perpendicular, towards the inside of the turbine.

5. Improvements according to claim 1, wherein the turbines adopt a cylindrical, conical or frusto-conical external shape.

6. Improvements according to claim 1, wherein artificial narrowings are made on the banks of the rivers with rocks or concrete blocks and posts in the form of coupling bollards as fastening elements.

7. Improvements according to claim 1, wherein a cable or chain is used, the upper end of the cable or chain carries a buoy or balloon and the other is fixed to the ground or bottom of the sea or river by means of a ballast anchor or block of concrete.

8. Improvements according to claim 1, wherein the turbines, their shafts, fins or turns, in addition to being hollow, are filled with air or plastic polymer foam such as PVC, polyurethane and polyethylene, with a resistant and protective cover.

9. Improvements according to claim 1, wherein the turbines, in addition to being hollow, are metallic, rubber or plastic, inflatable or flexible and resistant and low-density materials are used, polymers, carbon fibers or glass with resins, and when they are made of Steel has a protective layer of zinc and plastic is reinforced with graphene and strong synthetic fibers, kevlar, glass or carbon.

10. Improvements according to claim 1, wherein the turbines are fixed to the collar, cardan joint or ball joint and the generator is positioned in front of or behind the clamping mast, in which case the generator shaft or mechanical device is connected to the rotating end of the turbine directly or via an rpm multiplier.

11. Improvements according to claim 1, wherein the turbines, when they do not have a shaft, consist exclusively of helical fins or turns, of helical springs of wire or spiral preferably of quarter or half-round or flat, or of metal beams or planks or of plastic twisted helically.

12. Improvements according to claim 1, wherein the turbines are used in series.

13. Improvements according to claim 1, wherein the electric generators are synchronous, and entirely made of permanent magnets. samarium-cobalt or neodymium-iron-boron.

14. Improvements according to claim 1, wherein the turbines have the free end attached to a buoy, float or balloon.

15. Improvements according to claim 1, wherein the turbines, cables, chains, generators or clamping bars have a density equal to or similar to that of water or air, between 70% and 130% of that of water or air. air.

16. Improvements according to claim 1, wherein the fins, blades or turbines are flexible, the flexible fins inclining and reducing their impact surface with increasing water speed.

17. Improvements according to claim 1, wherein the turbines use a revolution multiplier between them and the generator.

18. Improvements according to claim 1, wherein a control, warning and security system reports the status of each of the devices.

19. Improvements according to claim 1, wherein the mast carries deflector plates that are oriented and direct and increase the flow of water or air towards the turbine.

20. Improvements according to claim 1, wherein helical turbines are placed between the two banks of a river, or in a narrowing thereof, said turbines held at one end by means of elements or means of fastening consisting of a mast or a chain, fixed to the bottom, or to a cable or chain placed between the two banks of the river or its narrowing

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] FIG. 1 shows a schematic, partial and lateral view of a turbine of the quarter-round type, or of a quarter-circle section, helical, without shaft, with a frusto-conical shape, a generator and a way of fastening by means of a mast, of the system of the invention.

[0035] FIGS. 2 and 3 show plan views of two types of turbine blades of FIG. 1.

[0036] FIG. 4 shows a schematic and longitudinally sectioned view of the helical turbine of FIG. 1.

[0037] FIGS. 5 to 9 show schematic views and sides of helical turbine variants.

[0038] FIG. 10 shows a schematic plan view of the turbine of FIG. 9.

[0039] FIG. 11 shows a schematic view of a twisted metal or plastic beam or plank type turbine.

[0040] FIGS. 12 and 13 show schematic and plan views of variants of turbines placed by cables between the two banks of a river.

[0041] FIG. 14 shows a schematic and perspective view of a way of using a helical-type turbine in the flow of a river.

[0042] FIG. 15 shows a schematic and perspective view of a way of using a helical spring type turbine in the flow of a river.

[0043] FIG. 16 shows a schematic and perspective view of a way of using several helical spring type turbines in the flow of a river.

[0044] FIG. 17 shows a schematic and perspective view of a way of using several helical type turbines in the flow of a river.

[0045] FIGS. 18 and 19 show the state of the art. FIG. 18 shows how small jumps are currently used and FIG. 19 shows the turbines used in marine currents.

MORE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF AN EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0046] FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a helical turbine (1), of the quarter-round, or quarter circle type, shaftless, frustoconical in shape, with its lower end (6) attached to the shaft (5) of the electric generator (7) and its cover or nacelle (8) and this in turn forming part of the element aerodynamic support (2) rotatable on the mast (4) by means of the stem (3). Allowing the rotation of the turbine and the axis of the generator and the orientation and inclination of the turbine and the generator. The generator shaft is attached to the support element (2) by one or two bearings. The mast is fixed to the ground at the bottom of the river or the sea.

[0047] FIG. 2 shows a turbine (1) of the helical type, without a shaft, with a frusto-conical shape.

[0048] FIG. 3 shows a turbine similar to that of FIG. 2 but with different dimensions.

[0049] FIG. 4 shows the helical turbine (1) of the quarter-round or quarter-circle type, where the deflection of the water or air in a centripetal manner is shown with the small arrows, generating a reaction and rotation of the turbine.

[0050] FIG. 5 shows the helical turbine (1), of the quarter-round or circle type, without shaft, with a frusto-conical shape, the electric generator (7) and its cover or nacelle (8) secured by the chain (9) the which is attached to the bottom of the sea or river by means of the concrete block (10).

[0051] FIG. 6 shows the helical turbine (1), of the quarter-round or quarter-circle type, without a shaft, with a frusto-conical shape, the electric generator (7) and its cover or gondola (8) secured by the chain (9) which is attached to the bottom of the sea or river by means of the concrete block (10). It can be anchored to the ground or bottom.

[0052] FIG. 7 shows the helical turbine (1), with shaft (6), of the quarter-round or quarter-circle type, with shaft (6), frusto-conical, the electric generator (7) and its cover o nacelle (8) and the mast (4).

[0053] FIG. 8 shows the helical turbine (1) with a twisted metal or plastic beam or board, of a frusto-conical shape, the electric generator (7) and its cover or nacelle (8) and the mast (4).

[0054] FIG. 9 shows a turbine variant (1) with the shaft (6) and with the cardan joint (15) attached to the shaft of the electric generator (7) and its cover or nacelle (8) and this in turn forming part of the support element (2) rotatable on the mast (4) by means of the stem (3). It allows the rotation of the turbine and the axis of the generator and the orientation and inclination of the turbine and the generator. The generator shaft (5) is attached to the support element (2) with one or two bearings. Add the deflector plates (18) and (18a), the latter attached to the collar (19), which increase the flow of the fluid towards the turbine. The mast is fixed to the ground, the bottom of the river or the sea.

[0055] FIG. 10 shows a variant of turbine (1) with shaft (6) attached to the shaft of the electric generator (7) and its cover or nacelle (8) and this in turn forming part of the support element (2) that rotates on the mast (4). The generator shaft is attached to the support element (2) by one or two bearings. Add the baffle plates (18) that increase fluid flow to the turbine. The mast is fixed to the ground, the bottom of the river or the sea.

[0056] FIG. 11 shows a variant of turbine (1), without a shaft, of the type of metal or plastic twisted beam or plank, the end of which is connected with the cardan joint (15) to the shaft of the electric generator (7) and its cover o nacelle (8) and this in turn forming part of the support element (2) rotatable on the mast (4) by means of the stem (3). Allowing the rotation of the turbine and the axis of the generator and the orientation and inclination of the turbine and the generator. The generator shaft is attached to the support element (2) by one or two bearings. The mast is fixed to the ground, the bottom of the river or the sea. Shows the optional extension (2a) of the bracket (2), with a warning light.

[0057] FIG. 12 shows a turbine (1) of the helical type, attached at its end to the cover or nacelle of the generator (7) and this in turn to the cable or chain (11) attached to its ends of the masts in the form of bollards. (12) on the banks of a river.

[0058] FIG. 13 shows two cables (11) attached to both sides of a river, each one holding rows of generators and their turbines (1). Attached between the masts (12).

[0059] FIG. 14 shows a turbine (1) of the helical type, fastened from its end to the shaft of the electric generator (4) and this in turn fastened with the cable or chain (2) to two small concrete spikes or protrusions (9), narrowers, deflectors and speed increases of the river flow in the area.

[0060] FIG. 15 shows a turbine (1) of the helical spring type, semi-submerged, attached from its end to the shaft of the electric generator (4) and this in turn attached to the mast (7) fixed to the bottom of the river. Add the two small concrete breakwaters (9), narrowers, deflectors and speed increases of the river flow in the area.

[0061] FIG. 16 shows several semi-submerged helical spring type turbines (1), attached at their end to the shaft of electric generators (4) and these in turn attached with the cable or chain (2) to two mooring bollards (9a) on both sides of a narrowing of the river.

[0062] FIG. 17 shows several helical type turbines (1), attached at their end to the shaft of some electric generators (4) and these in turn attached with the cable or chain (2) to two mooring bollards (9a) to both sides of a river narrowing.

[0063] FIG. 18 shows a worm or helical turbine used in a small artificial jump, created to be able to use them in an inclined way. Low performance and expensive system. These turbines with horizontal currents are not used.

[0064] FIG. 19 shows the type of turbines used in ocean currents. Which are more effective, but can kill fish and are blunted by sea vegetation, algae, plastics, garbage, etc