Advanced methods of and apparatus for the manipulation of electromagnetic phenomenon: the decoding of genetic material and the human genome (E3)

Abstract

An advanced method of and apparatus for manipulating electromagnetic spectra, which incorporates a bent tepee or bent pyramidal aligned array of conical or pyramidal inverted sections that have at least two intrinsic angles of differing values aligned co-axially. These are arranged to naturally produce a reference and object waves that impinges on and illuminate a holographic plate or recording means to produce on-axis or in-line transmission and reflection holograms, including real time display. The technology is also applicable to the detection, identification, and/or decoding of genetic material, specifically DNA and the Human Genome.

Claims

1. A system for a creation of holograms consisting of a laser generating means, a recording means, and an apparatus for manipulating electromagnetic (EM) energy; wherein said apparatus consists of an array of co-aligned, angled, adjoining (Co-AAA) reflective surfaces that allow collection, redirection, or focusing of EM energy to provide a reference wave and object beams or object wave simultaneously to produce, from a physical object, or replay a hologram onto said recording means, wherein further said apparatus is arranged in a bent pyramidal or conical form.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein said hologram is an on-axis or in-line transmission hologram.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein the surfaces are highly reflective surfaces.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the highly reflective surfaces consist of continuous or discreet or otherwise contiguous mirrors.

5. The system of claim 1 wherein the array of Co-AAA reflective surfaces consists of at least two different distinct angles of incidence for co-aligned pyramidal or conical adjoined surfaces along one common axis as zero degrees from any point of view of the bent pyramidal or conical form, a 3 dimensional structure, where the angles chosen are constant or variable in an angular arrangement.

6. The system of claim 1 wherein said Co-AAA reflective surfaces consists of a first set of scanning mirrors that creates said object wave or object beams, and a second set of scanning mirrors that creates said reference wave.

7. The system of claim 1 wherein said reference wave is an unmodulated or clean wave.

8. The system of claim 1 wherein the apparatus is used to harness, focus, or collimate EM energy or radiation, including: i. x-rays, gamma rays, neutrons and other high energy particles, where the aligned angle(s) are optimally in mili-radians or within one degree from a common axis; ii. visible and near visible spectra, particularly for solar power generation, where the aligned angles includes, by the angular arrangement or geometry ranging from zero to ninety degrees from the common axis, track the sun, stars, and moon in a hemisphere.

9. The system of claim 1 wherein said Co-AAA reflective surfaces consists of a first set of scanning mirrors that creates said object wave or object beams, and a second set of scanning mirrors that creates said reference wave, wherein further said first set of scanning mirrors has a first distinct angle of incidence of at least two different distinct angles of incidence and said second set of scanning mirrors has a second distinct angle of incidence of the at least two different distinct angles of incidence.

.Iadd.10. The system of claim 1 wherein said hologram is an on-axis or in-line reflection hologram. .Iaddend.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 illustrates of an outline of a bent pyramidal lens showing Level 1 and Level 2.

(2) FIG. 2 shows a solid view of a bent pyramidal lens with α and θ angles.

(3) FIG. 3 portrays a partial stepwise view of a bent pyramidal lens.

(4) FIG. 4 depicts of a truncated bent pyramidal lens outline.

(5) FIG. 5 renders the outline of a bent conical or teepee lens.

(6) FIG. 6 is an illustration of solid view of a bent conical lens with α and θ angles.

(7) FIG. 7 is a picture of a stepwise view of a bent conical/teepee lens apparatus.

(8) FIG. 8 is a depiction of a stepwise-truncated view of a bent conical/teepee lens apparatus.

(9) FIG. 9 is a portrayal of a physical object, i.e. an apple, being made into a hologram.

(10) FIG. 10 is a rendering of a physical object being made into a hologram.

(11) FIG. 11 illustrates a physical object, i.e. a traffic light lens, being made in to a hologram.

(12) FIG. 12 shows a fresnel lens being converted into an on-axis transmission hologram

(13) FIG. 13 portrays of a advertisement made into a hologram.

(14) FIG. 14 depicts of sample holographic traffic signal images.

(15) FIG. 15a renders of an on-axis Digital Holographic 3D Traffic Light.

(16) FIG. 15b is an illustration of a Digital Holographic Real-time Images

(17) FIG. 16 is a picture of an advanced conventional traffic light.

(18) FIG. 17 is a depiction of an aligned array of cascaded bent pyramidal or conical X-ray lenses.

(19) FIG. 18 is a portrayal of an aligned array of cascaded pyramidal or conical X-ray lenses.

(20) FIG. 19a is a rendering of multiple step pyramidal lens with θ.sub.1 and θ.sub.2 alternating angles

(21) FIG. 19b illustrates a multiple step pyramidal lens that can utilize acousto-optical elements.

(22) FIG. 20 depicts a mathematical description of the bent pyramid as it relates to the Laplace Transform.

(23) FIG. 21 is an illustration of the bent pyramidal conical lens with applications to identification of DNA/RNA and the Human Genome.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(24) FIG. 1 is an illustration of the instant invention in the form of a bent pyramidal lens [1]. The structure can also be considered to be an optical base, which can have optical properties or simply be optically clear.

(25) FIG. 2 is an illustration of a bent pyramidal lens [1a] or base that shows the interior angles α.sub.1 & α.sub.2 and the exterior angles θ.sub.1 and θ.sub.2 of level 1 and level 2 respectively, which are the desired angles of the dihedral mirror steps.

(26) FIG. 3 is an illustration of a bent pyramidal lens [1a] and what is shown is a partial stepwise view [2] of the slanted dihedral mirrors.

(27) FIG. 4 is an illustration of the bent pyramidal lens that that has been opened and truncated.

(28) FIG. 5 is an illustration of a bent conical/teepee lens. The apparatus can also be used as the optical base and can have optical properties to augment the device or can be simply optically clear.

(29) FIG. 6 is an illustration of the bent teepee/conical lens having angles α1 for level 1 and α2 for level 2 respectively, wherein the angles of the contiguous series of dihedral or slanted mirrors would be equal to θ.sub.1 and the level 2 lower portion series of discrete mirrors wherein each mirror angle would be equal to θ.sub.2. Also is shown the interior or compound angles for the top level 1 and level 2 lower portions α.sub.1 & α.sub.2 respectively.

(30) FIG. 7 is an illustration of a bent conical/teepee lens with an assembly of slanted or dihedral mirrors [4].

(31) FIG. 8 is an illustration of the bent conical/teepee lens that depicts a stepwise truncation [4a] and a stacked series of lenses or slanted dihedral mirrors.

(32) FIG. 9 is an illustration of the instant invention with laser generation means [5] and laser light [6]. A physical object [11], i.e. apple, can be positioned at the mouth or opening of the apparatus or can be placed in the interior of the instant invention [4]. The laser light [6] reflects off the slanted dihedral mirrors, which have constant angles θ.sub.1 at level 1 and are shown as the object beams [7]. These object beams [7] are again reflected off the apple or physical object [11] and this reflected modulated light becomes the object wave [8]. The laser light [6] continues and reaches level 2 and reflects off of the series of angled, θ.sub.2, dihedral mirrors and this pure beam now becomes the reference wave [9]. Therefore both object wave [8] and reference wave [9] will mix and illuminate film plate [10], thereby creating a hologram [12]. This hologram can have a real image or virtual image and can be inverted or made upright as desired. This type of hologram [12] is called a transmission hologram.

(33) FIG. 10 is an illustration of an on-axis transmission hologram of a physical traffic lens arrow [11a]. Laser generation means [5] causes laser light [6] to impinge upon the instant invention [4]. At level 1 or the topmost section object beams [7] are created from the reflection off of the angled θ.sub.1 mirrors. These object beams will illuminate and scan the physical object [11a] and then are reflected in the forward direction upon modulation and now become object wave [8]. The laser light [6] continues and strikes the lower section of angled mirrors θ.sub.2 and this pure beam of laser light now becomes the reference wave [9]. Therefore, both object wave [8] and reference wave [9] will mix and impinge upon the film plate [10] creating a hologram, which can be a real image or virtual image and be made inverted or upright as needed.

(34) FIGS. 11 and 12 are illustrations of a physical spherical prismatic lens [13] traffic light lens and a physical fresnel traffic light lens [14] respectively. The instant invention [2a] is employed and the aforementioned hologram [12] is created of a real image (or virtual) of a spherical prismatic traffic light lens or of a fresnel traffic light lens. Notice that in FIGS. 9, 11 & 12, the hologram is in-line and on-axis.

(35) FIG. 13 is an illustration of the instant invention [2a] and a physical advertisement [15], which also can be computer generated or digitally made. In accordance with the aforementioned process and method a hologram [12] is created at the film plate [10].

(36) FIG. 14 is an illustration of sample holographic traffic signal images. The arrow images [20] and diverse directional and command images [21] are shown. These images can be used to holographically control traffic.

(37) FIG. 15a is an illustration of a digital holographic 3D traffic light, which operates on-axis. The drawing shows signal housing [31], a light source [32], a computer image projector [33], a holographic screen [23] that can be a holographic optical element if desired, a minicomputer/traffic controller [34], traffic image information and signals [35], and the device itself, which can be considered as a traffic signal head [30]. True 3D images of information and arrow [20] is projected within the space of the device for drivers to see.

(38) FIG. 15b is an illustration of a digital holographic traffic light, which projects images and information as the need requires in real-time, i.e. traffic signal head [30] and holographic images [21].

(39) FIG. 16 is an illustration of an advanced holographic 3D Traffic Light, which operates truly on-axis. The drawing shows light source [32] with optional parabolic reflector [36]. A hologram of a prismatic spherical lens [23a], which are projected as real images [12a] and signal head housing [31]. The on-axis holograms can be designed using the teachings of the instant invention and actually be retrofitted [30a] into old-fashioned traffic signal [37], heads and devices.

(40) FIG. 17 is an illustration of an X-ray lens array. A diffuse source of x-rays [41] is shown and x-rays [42] impinge upon the N-level X-ray collimator/Lens [40] (N can be any number of lenses as required), collimated X-ray [43] are produced. The instant invention is an alignment and cascaded arrangement of stacked bent pyramidal and/or bent conical teepee lenses. The lens arrays as depicted in the illustration are actually stacked and/or cascaded structures, wherein several bent pyramidal and/or bent teepee/conical lenses are fitted and placed on top of each other in a series arrangement or alignment as shown. The device is capable of accepting a diffuse source of X-rays and channeling or directing them into a parallel or collimated stream. The reverse will allow the focusing of X-rays. The instant invention is useful in the field of x-ray lithography, see J. Vac. Sci Technol. B, Vol. 6, No. 1, January/February 1988, incorporated by reference herein, also, see “Design of Grazing-Incidence Multilayer Supermirrors for hard-x-ray reflectors”, Joensen, Voutov, Szentgyorgyi, Roll, Gorenstein, Hoghoj and Finn E. Christensen, Applied Optics Vol. 34, No 34, Dec. 1, 1995, incorporated by reference herein.

(41) The angles can be chosen as desired, they can be constant or variable and generally have any angular arrangement or mix. The application of multi-layer optical materials extends the angular range for grazing incidence first surface super mirrors. This will in turn enhance the instant invention and cause progress in the art, enabling the creation of super dense computer chips as well as applications in the medical field and other industries.

(42) FIG. 18 is an illustration of a pyramidal and or conical nested X-ray lens the drawing shows a diffuse x-ray source [41] and x-rays [42] impinging upon the N-level X-ray collimator [40a] (N can be any number as desired) the result are the creation of collimated x-rays. The array of stacked and cascaded alignment of conical or pyramidal lenses is a further improvement over prior art as depicted in U.S. Pat. No. 5,369,511, wherein the efficiency of the structure depicted is limited and prone to leakage of X-rays. The cascaded or stacked alignment array is a significant improvement and provides a more robust, useful, and practical X-ray lens.

(43) FIG. 19a is a variant of the art and is a multiple step pyramid with alternating angles θ.sub.1 and θ.sub.2 and this device can have refractive lenses for the steps or holographic/diffractive angled steps.

(44) FIG. 19b is a further variation of the art wherein the steps can be cylindrical lenses arranged in an Aztec or inverted style and in some applications acousto-optical elements may be employed and used as the angular steps,

(45) FIG. 20 is a mathematical explanation of the Laplace Transform and its relationship to a bent pyramid, wherein FIG. 20C illustrates in a special case they can be considered equivalent and possibly the Laplace Transform harmonic equation may have its origin from the bent pyramid.

(46) Incorporated by reference herein is Partial Differential Equations for Scientist and Engineers by Stanley J. Farlow, Dover, 1993.

(47) Description of the Bent Pyramid Base and Bent Cone Base:

(48) $\mathrm{Laplacian}\mathrm{Equation}={\hspace{0.17em}}^{2}u=0;$$\mathrm{LAPf}=={\hspace{0.17em}}^{2}f=\frac{{\partial }^{2}f}{\partial x^2}+\frac{{\partial }^{2}f}{\partial y^2}+\frac{{\partial }^{2}f}{\partial z^2}=0=\mathrm{Harmonic}$$\mathrm{Cartesian}\mathrm{Coordinates}\text{:}$$\begin{array}{cc}={\hspace{0.17em}}^{2}u=u_{\mathrm{xx}}+u_{\mathrm{yy}}& .Math.2\text{-}\mathrm{dimensional}.Math.\\ ={\hspace{0.17em}}^{2}u=u_{\mathrm{xx}}+u_{\mathrm{yy}}+u_{\mathrm{zz}}& .Math.3\text{-}\mathrm{dimensional}.Math.\end{array}$$\mathrm{Spherical}\mathrm{Coordinates}\left(r,v,h\right)\text{:}$$r^2=x^2+y^2+z^2$$\mathrm{Cosh}=z/r$$\mathrm{Tanh}=z/r$$\mathrm{hence},x=r\mathrm{Sin}v\mathrm{Cosh}$$y=r\mathrm{Sin}v\mathrm{Sinh}$$z=r\mathrm{Cos}v$

(49) ##STR00001##
2nd Order Derivative

(50) ##STR00002##

(51) $u_{\mathrm{xx}}={\left(u_x\right)}_x-{\left(u_x\right)}_r.Math.r_x+{\left(u_x\right)}_h$$\begin{array}{c}{h}_x=\left(u_r\mathrm{Cosh}-u_h\mathrm{Sinh}/r\right)\left(r\mathrm{Sinh}\right)+\left(u_r\mathrm{Cosh}-u_h\mathrm{Sinh}/r\right)\left(\mathrm{Sinh}/r\right)\\ =\left(u_{\mathrm{rr}}\mathrm{Cosh}-u_{\mathrm{rh}}\mathrm{Sinh}/r+u_h\mathrm{Sinh}/r^2\right)\mathrm{Cosh}+\\ \left(u_{\mathrm{rh}}\mathrm{Cosh}-u_r\mathrm{Sinh}-u_{\mathrm{hh}}\mathrm{Sinh}/r-u_h\mathrm{Cosh}/r\right)\left(-\mathrm{Sinh}/r\right)\end{array}$$\mathrm{and}$$u_{\mathrm{yy}}=\left(u_{\mathrm{rr}}\mathrm{Sinh}+u_{\mathrm{rh}}\mathrm{Sinh}/r-\mathrm{Cosh}/r^2\right)\left(\mathrm{Sinh}\right)+\left(u_{\mathrm{rh}}\mathrm{Sinh}+u_r\mathrm{Cosh}+u_{\mathrm{hh}}\mathrm{Cosh}/r-u\mathrm{Sinh}/r\right)\left(\mathrm{Cosh}/r\right)$$\mathrm{adding}$$u_{\mathrm{xx}}+u_{\mathrm{yy}}.Math.={\hspace{0.17em}}^{2}u=u_{\mathrm{rr}}+1/r.Math.u_r+1/r^2.Math.u_{\mathrm{hh}}$$\mathrm{Similar}\mathrm{Analyses}\mathrm{for}3\text{-}D\mathrm{Laplacia}n\text{:}{=}^2=u_{\mathrm{xx}}+u_{\mathrm{yy}}+u_{\mathrm{zz}}$$\mathrm{Cylindrical}\mathrm{Coordinates}:={\hspace{0.17em}}^{2}u=u_{\mathrm{rr}}+1/r.Math.u_{\mathrm{rr}}+1/r^2.Math.u_{\mathrm{hh}}+u_{\mathrm{zz}}$$\mathrm{Spherical}\mathrm{Coordinates}\text{:}={\hspace{0.17em}}^{2}u=u_{\mathrm{rr}}+2/r.Math.u_r+1/r^2.Math.u_{\mathrm{hh}}+\frac{\mathrm{Coth}}{r^2}{u}_h+\frac{1}{r^2{\mathrm{Sin}}^{2}v}{u}_{\mathrm{hh}}$
Bent Pyramid/Bent Tepee-Conical Lens Base is a special case and is a modified Advanced Laplacian Harmonic. We can consider for example, Equivalence: =.sup.2u.sub.a=.sup.2u.sub.b in Cartesian Coordinates

(52) TABLE-US-00001 (A) .sup.=2u.sub.a = u.sub.xx + u.sub.yy + u.sub.zz (B) .sup.=2u.sub.b = u.sub.xx + u.sub.yy + u.sub.zz α.sub.1 ≠ α.sub.2 0 < α.sub.1 < 90° 0 < α.sub.1 < 90° α.sub.2 = 90° 0 < α.sub.2 < 90° Cos 90° = 0, Sin 90° = 1

(53) FIG. 21 is an illustration of the Instant Invention as it applies to DNA and the Human Genome, utilizing holographic pattern recognition and associated technology, known to those skilled in the art, to identify and decode DNA/RNA. The HOE Pattern Recognition Filter(s) consist of n elements, where n can be any number from 1 to trillions. M.sub.s are scanning mirrors for object beam(s). M.sub.1-j are reference beam mirrors. X.sub.1-n are separation distances and position of arrays. GATCA is a n×n array 1−i. Scanning mirror means and reference beam mirror means can be reflective and/or refractive elements. Incorporated by reference herein are: Nanotechnology and the Double Helix, by Natrian C. Seeman, Scientific American Reports, Vol 17, Number 3, 2007, pp 30-39. Brining DNA Computers to Life, by Ehud Shapiro and Yaakov Beneson, Scientific American Reports, Vol 17, Number 3, 2007, pp 40-47. FROM HELIX TO HOLOGRAM: An Ode on the Human Genome by Iona Miller and Richard Alan Miller© 2003, OAK Publishing, Inc. Oregon, USA; Real-time Analog Holography and Pattern Recognition by Amy S. Kransteuber at the Advanced Optical Systems, Inc., Huntsville, Ala. 35805, and Don A. Gregory at the Department of Physics, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Ala. 35899, 19 Jan. 2001; Special Report: Optical Patterns© 1998-2005.