Reinforcement system for the concrete lining of the inner shell of a tunnel construction

Abstract

A self-supporting reinforcement system for the concrete lining of the inner shell of a tunnel construction. At least one object is that of supporting the outer shell or rock wall of a tunnel construction. According to an embodiment of the invention, this is achieved by tension brackets or tension rings, formed from one or more bracket segments made of individual reinforcing steel bars. M-shaped tensioning support bodies having a connecting region to the tension brackets, and support arms for the supporting bracing, establishing the spacing with respect to an outer shell or rock wall, of the bracket and spacers on the tensioning support bodies and between the outer layer and an inner layer of the reinforcement.

Claims

1. A self-supporting reinforcement system for a concrete lining of an inner shell of a tunnel construction, the reinforcement system comprising: tensioning arches or tensioning rings with an adaptable arch length or an adaptable ring circumference, the tensioning arches or tensioning rings each including at least two arch segments defining a tunnel reinforcement arch or tunnel reinforcement ring for reinforcement of the inner shell of the tunnel construction for support for at least one outer layer of reinforcement steel meshes, wherein the arch segments are each formed from an individual reinforcement steel rod, and the individual reinforcement steel rod is configured to be directly disposed against the outer layer of the reinforcement steel meshes, tensioning support bodies each having a connecting region configured to receive the tensioning arches or tensioning rings, and at least one support arm, for tensioning the tensioning arches or tensioning rings on an outer shell or rock face wall of the tunnel construction in a supporting manner and producing a spacing with respect to the outer shell or to the rock face wall, first spacers on the tensioning support bodies for support on the outer shell or rock face wall of the tunnel construction and for generating a minimum concrete coverage of installed reinforced concrete parts, and second spacers between the outer layer and an inner layer of the reinforcement steel meshes, wherein the tensioning arches or tensioning rings are configured to be expanded and tensioned against the tensioning support bodies to apply a force to the first spacers against the outer shell or rock face wall of the tunnel construction.

2. The self-supporting reinforcement system for the concrete lining of the inner shell of a tunnel construction as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least two arch segments of the tensioning arches or tensioning rings are connected together by a releasable connecting element for adapting the arch length or the ring circumference.

3. The self-supporting reinforcement system for the concrete lining of the inner shell of a tunnel construction-as claimed in claim 2, wherein for adapting the arch length or the ring circumference, at least two arch segments of the tensioning arches or tensioning rings comprise overlapping regions which are releasably connected together by a cable clamp.

4. The self-supporting reinforcement system for the concrete lining of the inner shell of a tunnel construction as claimed in claim 2, wherein for adapting the arch length or the ring circumference, at least two arch segments of the tensioning arches or tensioning rings comprise angled free ends as angled hooks or cooperation points at which a tensioning device is able to be placed.

5. The self-supporting reinforcement system for the concrete lining of the inner shell of a tunnel construction as claimed in claim 1, wherein for adapting the arch length or the ring circumference, at least two arch segments of the tensioning arches or tensioning rings are connected together by a length-adjustable intermediate piece or connecting element.

6. The self-supporting reinforcement system for the concrete lining of the inner shell of a tunnel construction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the arch segments of the tensioning arches or tensioning rings are realized as reinforced steel rods with a round, oval or rectangular cross section which comprise a diameter or a diagonal of approximately between 15 mm and 50 mm.

7. The self-supporting reinforcement system for the concrete lining of the inner shell of a tunnel construction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tensioning support bodies are distributed approximately uniformly over the tensioning arches or tensioning rings, which are composed of the arch segments, and are arranged thereon.

8. The self-supporting reinforcement system for the concrete lining of the inner shell of a tunnel construction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tensioning support bodies are realized in an approximately M-shaped manner, wherein the connecting region is arranged in the centrally arranged, approximately V-shaped recess between the support arms of the tensioning support bodies for receiving the tensioning arch or tensioning ring.

9. The self-supporting reinforcement system for the concrete lining of the inner shell of a tunnel construction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tensioning support bodies comprise a connecting region for receiving the tensioning arch or tensioning ring in the form of a fastener to the tensioning arch, from which branches the at least one support arm of the tensioning support body.

10. The self-supporting reinforcement system for the concrete lining of the inner shell of a tunnel construction as claimed in claim 1, wherein a single elongated spacer of the first spacers is provided for receiving free ends of the support arms of the tensioning support body and for support on the outer shell of the tunnel construction or the rock face wall, and the single elongated spacer comprises, on its top side facing the tensioning arch and the tensioning support body, a receiver for receiving the free ends of the support arms which are realized as slot-like indentations, bores, projections or inserted connectors.

11. The self-supporting reinforcement system for the concrete lining of the inner shell of a tunnel construction as claimed in claim 10, wherein the single elongated spacer is a bar-shaped spacer including, on its bottom-side contact surface, a central region which is realized in a recessed manner compared to contact surfaces which are arranged peripherally.

12. The self-supporting reinforcement system for the concrete lining of the inner shell of a tunnel construction as claimed in claim 1, wherein one single spacer of the first spacers or foot is arranged on each of free ends of the support arms of the tensioning support body.

13. The self-supporting reinforcement system for the concrete lining of the inner shell of a tunnel construction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first spacers are coated on their rear contact surface with a protective damage-preventing support.

14. A method for installing the self-supporting reinforcement system as claimed in claim 1, wherein tensioning arches or tensioning rings produced from the arch segments are preformed and mounted such that, in their position and basic form in a tunnel cross section, the tensioning arches or tensioning rings form a support for a defined installation position of the outer layer of the reinforcement steel meshes, said tensioning arches or tensioning rings, guided on a reinforcement carriage, are placed or held and aligned in the tunnel cross section, a distance from the tensioning arch or tensioning ring to the outer layer or rock face wall is measured in a punctiform manner at circumferentially defined cooperation points of the tensioning support bodies and each tensioning support body to be inserted is shortened on site by trimming or angling to a measurement which is determined in such a manner, first spacers and tensioning support bodies, which have been adapted in length, are arranged in a clamped manner between the outer shell of the tunnel construction or the rock face wall and the tensioning arches and are distributed over the entire circumference thereof, as a result, the tensioning arches or tensioning rings are tensioned and expanded to apply a force to the first spacers against the outer shell of the tunnel construction or the rock face wall via the tensioning support bodies, and subsequently the tensioning arches or tensioning rings are fixed themselves.

15. The method for installing a reinforcement system as claimed in claim 14, wherein the arch segments are mounted at least in part by a releasable connection to form the tensioning arches or tensioning rings, wherein said releasable connection between at least two of the arch segments is released prior to a final expansion of the tensioning arches or tensioning rings and is fixed again after the expansion.

16. The method for installing a reinforcement system as claimed in claim 14, wherein length-adjustable intermediate pieces are inserted between at least two of the arch segments, wherein said intermediate pieces are lengthened for a subsequent expansion of the tensioning arches or tensioning rings and are fixed again after the expansion.

17. The method for installing a reinforcement system as claimed in claim 14, wherein the tensioning arches are set up as support on a precast concrete floor of the tunnel construction or in holes which are arranged in said precast concreted floor.

18. The method for installing a reinforcement system as claimed in claim 14, wherein after the tensioning by the tensioning support bodies, the tensioning arches or tensioning rings are fastened by a fastener or a welded connection in a connecting region of the tensioning support bodies.

19. The method for installing a reinforcement system as claimed in claim 14, wherein the tensioning arches or tensioning rings are installed in parallel in pairs and are connected fixedly by cross-connectors.

20. The method for installing a reinforcement system as claimed in claim 14, wherein a tensioning device is positioned on two adjacent arch segments for a final expansion of the tensioning arches or tensioning rings, a connection between said arch segments is then released and is fixed again by the tensioning device after the expansion.

Description

(1) The invention is to be explained in more detail below by way of drawings, in which

(2) FIG. 1 shows a section through a reinforcement system according to the prior art,

(3) FIG. 2 shows a section through the reinforcement system according to the invention,

(4) FIG. 3 shows the design of the reinforcement system as an example, including the spacer 1 with M-bracket 2 and tensioning arch 4,

(5) FIG. 4 shows a tensioning support body 2 according to the invention in the form of an M-shaped bracket and

(6) FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of a view of a detail of the combination of spacer 1, tensioning support body 2 and tensioning arch 4,

(7) FIG. 6 shows a part region of the tensioning arch 4 consisting of 2 part regions,

(8) FIG. 7 shows a side view of a fully installed tensioning arch 4 with a view of the detail and

(9) FIGS. 8 to 17 show various structural designs of the spacer 1 according to the invention.

(10) FIG. 1 clarifies the design of a reinforcement of the inner shell as has been explained already in the introduction to the description, including a spacer 16 with an inserted position-securing-body 17, against which the outer layer 19 of the reinforcement steel meshes abuts and which is fixed in its position with respect to the outer shell 15 by the positioned load-bearing arch 18. The inner layer 20 of the reinforcement, which ultimately bears spacers to the formwork which are not shown graphically here, is fastened on the load-bearing arch 18 which determines the spacing between the reinforcement layers.

(11) FIG. 2 underlines the difference to the previous solution. The most marked difference is the lack of the load-bearing arch 18 between the inner and outer reinforcement layers 19 and 20 as these are simply spaced apart by spacers 21. Said design is possible as the self-supporting component in the system is the combination of spacer 1 with tensioning support body 2 and tensioning arch 4 or tensioning ring which is arranged and tensioned first of all on the outer shell 15.

(12) As a result of the arrangement of the outer layer 19 of the reinforcement steel meshes, said arrangement already achieves a high degree of stability so that it is able to carry the further arrangement of the spacers 21 and the inner layer 20 of the reinforcement steel meshes. The spacers 22, which point to the formwork on the inner layer 20, serve for ensuring the minimum concrete coverage of the installed reinforced concrete parts to the formwork.

(13) FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of an exemplary arrangement of the reinforcement system according to the invention in a tunnel construction. The right-hand half of the image here shows the reinforcement with reinforcement steel meshes which are arranged on the tensioning arches 4 and are fastened on the reinforcement substructure according to the invention.

(14) The left-hand half of the image shows the reinforcement system according to the invention prior to the cladding with the reinforcement steel meshes. It can be seen on said page that three basic components are crucial to said reinforcement substructure, as are shown in more detail in FIG. 5. This is, on the one hand, a spacer 1 which rests directly on the tunnel wall to be reinforced or on the outer shell of the tunnel construction and the web 15 arranged here if applicable. In this connection, this is, for example, a cast concrete body which comprises special receiving means 8 as connecting regions for the arrangement of the tensioning support body 2. Said tensioning support body 2 is connected to the spacer 1, for example is inserted or clamped in corresponding receiving means 8 of the spacer 1.

(15) The tensioning support body 2, in this connection, comprises at least two support arms 3 (FIG. 4) which engage in the spacer 1 and extend to the supporting tensioning arch 4 or tensioning ring. In said exemplary design, the tensioning arch 4 or tensioning ring consequently engages in a connecting region 5 realized between the support arms 3 and consequently fixes the connection of tensioning support body and spacer in its proper position. It is significant, in this connection, that the tensioning arch or tensioning ring is supported in a tensioned manner on the tunnel wall or the outer shell of the tunnel construction in the tunnel cross section via the tensioning support bodies 2 and consequently is realized so as to be self-supporting.

(16) In the design shown, the tensioning arch 4 or tensioning ring is realized from individual rods, which is even clearer in FIGS. 5 and 6. As an alternative to this, it is possible to use, on the one hand, other cross sections of the tensioning arch 4 or tensioning ring and, on the other hand, also, for example, two tensioning arches 4 or tensioning rings which are arranged side by side and are connected together by means of spacers as connecting bodies, for example inserted rod sections. It can also be achieved in this manner that said tensioning arch 4 or tensioning ring formed from two parallel rods already comprises its own stand which can then be tensioned against the tunnel wall by inserting the tensioning support body 2 and spacer 1. The tensioning support body 2 then comprises a correspondingly formed connecting region 5 to the parallel tensioning arches or tensioning rings.

(17) The right-hand side of the image then shows, as already stated, that the reinforcement system according to the invention is connected to reinforcement steel meshes 6. Said reinforcement steel meshes 6 are fastened on the previously positioned tensioning arches 4 or tensioning rings with corresponding fastening means, for example wires. The overall reinforcement structure is then created in this way, consisting of the inventive reinforcement system which, on the one hand, forms the basis for the reinforcement steel meshes, on the other hand, however, also determines the distance thereof to the outer shell or to the web 15 arranged on the outer shell.

(18) FIG. 4 then shows a possible tensioning support body 2 in a design as an M-shaped tensioning support body 2. The advantage of this is that the M-shaped tensioning support body 2 comprises a centrally arranged connecting region 5 which is realized as an indentation between the two laterally branching support arms 3. In this connection, the support arms 3 extend outward at an angle from the tensioning arch 4 or tensioning ring, as a result of which the supporting function is ensured. This is significant as the central task of said tensioning support body 2, along with tensioning, is also support on the outer shell. During tensioning, the tensioning arch 4 or tensioning ring looks for possible tension relief by deflecting in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel construction to be reinforced. Said tilting is consequently to be urgently avoided in order to achieve the desired tension and the resultant self-supporting design. The support arms 3 on the tensioning support body 2 turning out to the side brings about in an inventive manner precisely said lateral support against the tensioning arch 4 or tensioning ring breaking out to the side.

(19) On its free lower ends 9 which point to the spacer 1, said exemplary tensioning support body 2 is realized in an angled manner in the present design, as a result of which it is able to be inserted into corresponding or slot-like receiving means 8 in the spacer 1, as shown in FIG. 5. In this connection, it is additionally provided that as a result of the internal tension of the tensioning support body 2, insertion into the slot-like receiving means 8 in the spacer 1 can also take place under certain internal tension, as a result of which a more secure arrangement of the tensioning support body 2 in the receiving means 8 in the spacer 1 is ensured.

(20) In addition, creating said angulations 14 makes it possible once on site to carry out, in a precisely fitting manner, the generally necessary adaptation of the length of the support arms 3 with respect to the given installation position for achieving the necessary tension to the tensioning arch 4 or tensioning ring. This provides an alternative to adapting the support arms 3 by shortening said support arms 3.

(21) FIG. 5 shows an exemplary detailed perspective view of the arrangement according to the invention of said structural components of the reinforcement system.

(22) A spacer 1, which is realized in the representation as a bar-like spacer 1 with receiving means 8, 13 arranged in a slot-like manner on the top side thereof, is placed, in this connection, on a web 15. In the central region of its top side, the spacer comprises, in this connection, another continuous indentation 11. Both said design of the receiving means 8 and of the indentation 11 are to be understood simply as exemplary designs, which also becomes clear as a result of the further designs in the following figures.

(23) A tensioning support body 2 is connected to the spacer 1 when it engages in the receiving means 8. The tensioning support body 2 comprises, for this reason, on the free ends 9 of the support arms 3, angulations 14 which engage in the slot-like receiving means 8, 13 of the spacer 1 and are thus connected thereto and supported thereon.

(24) The connecting region 5, in which the tensioning arch 4 or tensioning ring is placed, is arranged between the support arms 3 of the tensioning support body 2 as an indentation. In the design shown, no special connection between the tensioning arch 4 or tensioning ring and the connecting region 5 takes place in this connection. No connecting means is arranged in said connecting region 5, which, however, can be entirely reasonable in the case of other designs of said tensioning support body 2. The tensioning arch 4 or tensioning ring, in this connection, comprises an arched basic form in order to imitate the curved progression of the tunnel cross section in a corresponding manner.

(25) FIG. 6 shows a cutout of two arch segments 23, 24 in the case of a tensioning arch 4 which is composed of 4 segments, that is to say half the tensioning arch 4. The connecting region 26, which is producible, for example, by welding, is indicated schematically. Arch segment 24 comprises on its free end, which ends approximately under the roof, an angled hook 27, which coincides with a second angled hook at the end of the arch segment 24 which is connected here in an overlapping region 25, and a further third arch segment which is indicated only by broken lines. The overlap 25 brings about a spacing between said angled hooks 27, as a result of which the tensioning according to the invention is possible here, for example by means of a lashing strap which cooperates with both angled hooks 27.

(26) In addition, cable clamps, for example, can connect the two arch segments in the overlapping region 25 so as to be displaceable toward one another. Should the internal tension of the tensioned tensioning arch 4 or tensioning ring yield a little when the holding devices of the reinforcement carriage are moved back, the tensioning arch 4 or tensioning ring can be moved back into the correct position here as a result of increasing the internal tension by bringing the angled hooks 27 of the tensioning arch 4 or tensioning ring together. The cable clamps, for example, can then be tightened or welding performed.

(27) FIG. 7 shows an entire mounted tensioning arch 4 with outer and inner reinforcement layers 19 and 20, the tensioning support bodies 2 and spacers 1 and 22, the dimensions of which are not shown more precisely. It is clear that a self-supporting reinforcement of the inner shell has been constructed here with minimum structural expenditure.

(28) FIGS. 8 to 17 then show the most varied designs of spacers 1, primarily bar-shaped spacers 1 being shown. These have, as a rule, a continuous support surface 10 or two separate contact surfaces 10 which are connected by an arched or recessed central region 11. In the case of the last design, the contact surface 10 is reduced to two separate contact surfaces 10, which ensures it can stand safely on the substructure of the tunnel wall of the outer formwork and contributes to saving material in the case of the spacers 1.

(29) Fastening means or receiving means 8, which are connected to the tensioning support body 2, are now arranged in the surface 12 of the spacer 1 which points to the tensioning arch 4 or tensioning ring. Said receiving means 8 are realized either in the form of bores 7 or, as already explained beforehand in the connection to the tensioning support bodies 2, as slot-like receiving means 13 or projections into which corresponding angulations 14 of the tensioning support bodies 2 can then be inserted and tensioned. Plastic or metal bodies can also be inserted into the spacer as fastening means.

(30) It should be noted in this connection, in principle, that the realization of the spacers 1 can vary greatly as they function in different designs in their functionality and are always to be designed in their functional connection to the tensioning support bodies 2. The advantage of the bar-shaped design here is simultaneously supporting and defining the tension of the tensioning support bodies 2 as a result of establishing the spacing between the laterally turned out support arms 3 in an effective manner. As a result of multiple receiving means 8 which are located at different spacings from one another, it is also possible to adjust the tension of the tensioning support body 2 in the gap between tensioning arch 4 or tensioning ring and outer shell 15, depending on whether the support arms 3 engage in the spacer 1 closer to one another or further apart from one another. The tensioning support body 2 is shortened or lengthened as a result.

(31) Along with the rod-shaped or bar-shaped realization, a one-part realization in the sense of FIG. 16 is also possible which then communicates just with a free end 9 of the tensioning support body 2. This means that the spacer body 1 is placed directly onto the free end 9 of the tensioning support body 2 here, as a result of which, as a rule, two of said spacers are to be connected here to the support arms 3 of a tensioning support body 2.

(32) Designs of the reinforcement system according to the invention are to be explained in more detail below. In principle, an advantage of the reinforcement system according to the invention is that the tensioning arches or tensioning rings, which serve as support for the reinforcement steel meshes to be subsequently installed, are held in a significantly simpler manner than the load-bearing arches installed in a standard manner in the prior art. The tensioning arches or tensioning rings consist, in this connection, of reinforcement bars which are installed, for example, as round rods. As an alternative to this, cross sections other than the round rod are also possible, as first and foremost it is a question of a structurally expensive solution such as the load-bearing arch not being used here but rather a simple reinforcement rod.

(33) The question of the design of the tensioning support body allows for various structural solutions here which are now to be discussed in more detail. In this connection, in each case the structural solution described below is to be disclosed in combination with the designs of the tensioning arches or tensioning rings described beforehand as a combination, insofar as, for example, the various alternative cross sections of the tensioning arches or tensioning rings or the connection thereof produced from segments are concerned.

(34) A basic design of the reinforcement according to the invention provides, for example, a tensioning arch or tensioning ring in the form described beforehand which is able to engage in an approximately M-shaped tensioning support body. It engages, in this connection, in the indentation approximately in the center of the M-shaped tensioning support body. Therefore, said tensioning support body brings about the spacing and the tensioning as well as the support on the outer shell of the tunnel construction by means of two lengthened lateral support arms.

(35) The achievement of the M-shaped arrangement is that the laterally branching support arms ensure that lateral tilting of the tensioned tensioning arch or tensioning ring is not possible on account of its progression being arranged at an angle to the outer shell. There are various options then as to how the connection to the outer shell of the tunnel construction can be effected for the design of the approximately M-shaped tensioning support body.

(36) An advantageous design provides that the tensioning support body engages in standing regions in the form of spacers which can consist, for example, of cast or extruded concrete but in principle can also be, for example, plastic bodies. Said spacers can either be assigned individually to the support arms or, however, can exist in the form of an approximately bar-shaped spacer in which both free ends engage, bores or slot-shaped receiving means being possible here in the spacers.

(37) As an alternative to this, it is also possible to arrange simplified standing regions on the free ends of the tensioning support body, for example supporting feet which can be produced, for example, from plastics material. In addition, there is the option to arrange the support region even integrally on the tensioning support body so that it is not to be positioned as a separate body but is already arranged thereon during the tensioning of the tensioning support body.

(38) Along with the design of the approximately M-shaped tensioning support body described beforehand, it is also provided in a design as an alternative to this to design a tensioning support body from only one support arm which cooperates with the tensioning arch or tensioning ring via a corresponding terminal receiving element. Securing said tensioning support body against tilting of the load-bearing arch during tensioning of the same is to be achieved, in this connection, in an inventive manner, which is why the support region is to be realized here in a corresponding tilt-safe manner on the outer shell of the tunnel construction.

(39) A structural solution is provided, for example, in this connection, where an approximately trapezoidal spacer or support region is provided for receiving the free end of the tensioning support body, the tensioning support body being inserted into a bore of said spacer. A wide support surface on the outer shell of the tunnel construction ensures that said tensioning support body cannot tilt.

(40) Further structural designs for protecting the tensioning support body which consist of one support arm which, for example, consist of a support region which consists of a branching support region which consists of multiple extension arms and can be supported on the outer shell of the tunnel, or also of a type of flat plate with which the support arm of the tensioning support body cooperates, are intended in principle, in this context.

(41) It is consequently clear that the design of the tensioning support body can be effected, in principle, in various ways insofar as secure protection is achieved against tilting of the tensioning support body when the tensioning arch or tensioning ring is tensioned. The tensioning support body must safely ensure the task of both tensioning and securely supporting the load-bearing arch.