Rotary machine

Abstract

A rotary machine includes a first flange in which a first hole portion is formed, a second flange disposed to face the first flange via an abutting surface and having a second hole portion formed therein, and a stud bolt inserted into a first hole portion and a second hole portion and fastened to a female screw of the second hole portion, wherein the thickness of the second flange is larger than the thickness of the first flange.

Claims

1. A rotary machine comprising: a casing having first and second casing half-bodies abutting each other via an abutting surface therebetween, a first flange which is a part of the first casing half-body extending along the abutting surface and in which a first hole portion is formed, and a second flange which is a part of the second casing half-body extending along the abutting surface and in which a second hole portion corresponding to the first hole portion is formed; a first bolt inserted into the first and second hole portions and fastened to a first female screw formed in at least a part of the second hole portion; and a second bolt inserted into a third hole portion and a fourth hole portion and fastened to a second female screw, wherein the first hole portion is passed through the first flange, the second hole portion is formed to be shallower in depth than the thickness of the second flange, the second flange has a first portion which is thicker than the first flange in a direction in which the second hole portion extends, the second hole portion is formed in the first portion, the second flange further has a second portion around the first portion, the second portion being thinner than the first portion and abutting the first flange via the abutting surface, the third hole portion is formed in the first flange and passes through a portion of the first flange corresponding to the second portion, the fourth hole portion corresponds to the third hole portion and is: shallower in depth than the thickness of the second portion, and formed in the second portion, and the second female screw is formed in at least a part of the fourth hole portion.

2. The rotary machine according to claim 1, wherein the first female screw is formed at a bottom part of the second hole portion.

3. The rotary machine according to claim 2, wherein the first female screw is formed at a position deeper than the thickness of the first flange with respect to the abutting surface of the second casing half-body.

4. The rotary machine according to claim 2, wherein the second female screw is formed at the bottom part of the fourth hole portion.

5. The rotary machine according to claim 1, wherein the first female screw is formed at a position deeper than the thickness of the first flange with respect to the abutting surface of the second casing half-body.

6. The rotary machine according to claim 1, wherein the second female screw is formed at the bottom part of the fourth hole portion.

7. The rotary machine according to claim 5, wherein the second female screw is formed at the bottom part of the fourth hole portion.

8. The rotary machine according to claim 1, wherein the rotary machine is a compressor equipped with a rotor configured to rotate around an axis extending along the abutting surface, a suction port to which working fluid is introduced is formed on one side of the casing in a direction in which the axis extends, and a discharge port from which compressed high-pressure working fluid is discharged is formed on the other side of the casing, and the first portion is provided in a region including a position corresponding to the discharge port in the direction in which the axis extends.

9. The rotary machine according to claim 1, wherein the second portion is provided on both sides of the first portion to sandwich the first portion.

10. The rotary machine according to claim 1, wherein the second hole portion is formed to be deeper in depth than the thickness of the second portion.

11. The rotary machine according to claim 1, further comprising: through-bolts that pass through the first flange and the second flange, wherein a plurality of bolts each inserted into the first and second hole portions and fastened to the first female screw is disposed between two adjacent ones of the through-bolts.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a centrifugal compressor according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.

(2) FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a configuration of the centrifugal compressor according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

(3) FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part of the centrifugal compressor according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

(4) FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part showing a modified example of the centrifugal compressor according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure.

(5) FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of a main part of a centrifugal compressor according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

First Embodiment

(6) A centrifugal compressor 1 which is a rotary machine according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to FIG. 1. In FIG. 1, reference numeral A represents an axis of a rotary shaft 3A (hereinafter referred to as “axis A”), and reference numeral D1 represents an axial direction (hereinafter referred to as an “axial direction D1”) which is a direction along the axis A.

(7) The centrifugal compressor 1 (rotary machine) is a multistage compressor and has a plurality of impellers 2. The centrifugal compressor 1 is incorporated in a plant facility or the like, and compresses and discharges a process gas to be introduced.

(8) The centrifugal compressor 1 includes a rotor 3 having a plurality of impellers 2, a diaphragm group 4, a sealing device 5, and a casing 6 having an upper half casing 20 as a first casing half-body and a lower half casing 30 as a second casing half-body.

(9) The rotor 3 has a rotary shaft 3A extending in a horizontal direction, and a plurality of impellers 2 coupled to an outer circumferential portion of the rotary shaft 3A. Both end portions of the rotary shaft 3A are supported by unshown bearings installed outside of the casing 6.

(10) When the rotary shaft 3A is rotated by a driving source such as a motor connected to the rotary shaft 3A, the plurality of impellers 2 are rotationally driven. Due to the centrifugal force accompanying the rotation, each impeller 2 compresses the process gas (working fluid).

(11) The diaphragm group 4 includes a plurality of diaphragms 40 arranged along the axial direction D1 corresponding to each of a plurality of stages of impellers 2. The diaphragm 40 includes members 40A and 40B connected via a return vane 40R.

(12) The diaphragm group 4 covers the impeller 2 from the outer circumferential side. The diaphragm 40 and an inner wall of the casing 6 define a flow path which communicates with the flow path of the impeller 2 to allow the process gas to pass therethrough.

(13) The process gas suctioned into the casing 6 from a suction port 11 by the rotation of the rotor 3 flows into the impeller 2 of an initial stage via a suction flow path 12, flows outward in a radial direction from an outlet of the flow path of the impeller 2 due to a diffuser flow path 13, and further flows through a bent flow path 14 and a return flow path 15 to an inlet of a flow path located on an inner circumferential side of the impeller 2 of the next stage.

(14) Further, the process gas repeatedly flows into an impeller 2 of the next stage via the flow path of the impeller 2, the diffuser flow path 13, the bent flow path 14, and the return flow path 15, and the process gas is discharged from the impeller 2 of the last stage outside of the casing 6 through the discharge port 17 via the diffuser flow path 13 and a discharge volute 16.

(15) Further, the suction port 11 is formed on one side of the casing 6, and the discharge port 17 is formed on the other side of the casing 6.

(16) The discharge volute 16 is formed annularly over the entire casing 6 in the circumferential direction. The discharge volute 16 is formed to spread toward the inner side (the upstream side) in the axial direction D1 with respect to a position on the extension of the diffuser flow path 13 through which the high-pressure gas flowing out from the impeller 2 of the final stage flows.

(17) By defining the expanding direction of the discharge volute 16 in the axial direction D1, the rear end portion of the casing 6 is prevented from expanding toward the downstream side in the axial direction D1. A rear end portion of the upper half casing 20 of the casing 6 has a base 24 which is taller than a first flange 61 (see FIG. 2) of the upper half casing 20, and the rear end portion of the lower half casing 30 has a base 34 which is taller than the second flange 62 (see FIG. 2) of the lower half casing 30.

(18) The sealing device 5 prevents the process gas from leaking to the outside of the casing 6 by sealing between the outer circumferential portion of the rotary shaft 3A and the casing 6 over the entire circumference. For example, a labyrinth seal is suitable as the sealing device 5.

(19) The sealing device 5 is disposed on each of both end sides of the rotary shaft 3A, and is held by a seal housing holder 51. A space between an outer circumferential portion of the seal housing holder 51 and the casing 6 is sealed by a seal member 52.

(20) The casing 6 is formed in a substantially cylindrical shape, accommodates the rotor 3 and the diaphragm group 4 therein, and surrounds the outer circumferential portion of the seal housing holder 51. It is desirable that the casing 6 be formed of, for example, a metal having corrosion resistance with respect to the process gas with which it comes into contact. The casing 6 of the present embodiment may be made of, for example, stainless steel.

(21) As shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2, the casing 6 includes an upper half casing 20 and a lower half casing 30 that are partitioned from each other along a horizontal plane including the axis A. The upper half casing 20 has a first flange 61 which is a part of the upper half casing 20 extending along an abutting surface existing between the casings 20, 30. The lower half casing 30 has a second flange 62 which is a part of the lower half casing 30 extending along the abutting surface.

(22) The upper half casing 20 is integrated with the lower half casing 30 by fastening the first flange 61 and the second flange 62.

(23) As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the upper half casing 20 includes an accommodating portion 21 which accommodates the rotor 3 and the diaphragm group 4, a surrounding portion 22 which surrounds the seal housing holder 51, and the first flange 61 which protrudes outward in the horizontal direction from the lower end of the accommodating portion 21 and the surrounding portion 22.

(24) The accommodating portion 21 has a semi-cylindrical circumferential wall 210, a front side wall 211 that closes a front end of the circumferential wall 210, and a rear side wall 212 that closes a rear end of the circumferential wall 210. The surrounding portion 22 is formed in a semi-cylindrical shape having a diameter smaller than that of the accommodating portion 21, and is disposed on each of a front side (upstream side) of the accommodating portion 21 and a rear side (downstream side) of the accommodating portion 21.

(25) The first flange 61 is disposed over all lower end portions of the accommodating portion 21 and the surrounding portion 22. A plurality of first hole portions 610 (see FIG. 3) into which each of the bolts 70 are inserted are formed in the first flange 61. Each of the plurality of first hole portions 610 passes through the first flange 61.

(26) A plurality of first hole portions 610 are arranged at intervals over the entire circumference of the first flange 61. The bolts 70 used for fastening the upper half casing 20 and the lower half casing 30 are inserted into the plurality of first hole portions 610.

(27) Further, the bolt 70 includes a through-bolt 70A (see FIG. 2) passing through the first flange 61 and the second flange 62, and a stud bolt 70B (a first bolt) to be described later which passes through the first flange 61 and engages with the female screw of the second flange 62.

(28) As shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3, a washer 78 is interposed between the bolt 70 and the first flange 61 on the upper surface side of the first flange 61.

(29) The washer 78 uniformly distributes the tightening force of the bolt 70 over the entirety of the first flange 61.

(30) Specifically, the washer 78 has a plate shape having a planar shape corresponding to the first flange 61. It is also possible to adopt a configuration of not using the washer 78.

(31) Similar to the above-described upper half casing 20, the lower half casing 30 includes an accommodating portion 31, a surrounding portion 32 which surrounds the seal housing holder 51, and the second flange 62 which protrudes outward in the horizontal direction from the lower ends of the accommodating portion 31 and the surrounding portion 32.

(32) A second hole portion 611 into which the stud bolt 70B is inserted is formed in the second flange 62. An opening of the second hole portion 611 is formed on the upper surface of the second flange 62, and the second hole portion 611 extends from the upper surface of the second flange 62 toward the lower surface of that.

(33) The second hole portion 611 does not pass through the second flange 62, and an inner bottom surface 611b of the second hole portion 611 is located in a region separated upward from the lower surface of the second flange 62.

(34) In other words, the second hole portion 611 is formed to be shallower in depth than the thickness of the second flange 62.

(35) Furthermore, a female screw Sf (a first female screw) which engages with a male screw Sm formed on a distal end portion 70P of the stud bolt 70B is formed only in a portion including the end portion on the bottom surface 611b side of the inner circumferential surface of the second hole portion 611. More specifically, a female screw Sf is formed only at the bottom part of the second hole portion 611.

(36) That is, the stud bolt 70B is inserted into the first hole portion 610 of the first flange 61 and the second hole portion 611 of the second flange 62 of the lower half casing 30, and the male screw Sm is fastened to the female screw Sf of the second hole portion 611.

(37) In this way, by forming the female screw Sf at the bottom part of the second hole portion 611 and fastening the male screw Sm and the female screw Sf formed at the distal end portion 70P of the stud bolt 70B to each other, it is possible to further enlarge the region in which the tightening force of the stud bolt 70B is applied inside the flange structure including the first flange 61 and the second flange 62.

(38) Further, the female screw Sf may be formed at a position deeper than the thickness of the first flange 61 with respect to the abutting surface 612.

(39) By forming the female screw Sf at such a position, it is possible to further enlarge the region in which the tightening force of the stud bolt 70B is applied inside the flange structure including the first flange 61 and the second flange 62.

(40) The upper surface of the second flange 62 of the lower half casing 30 and the lower surface of the first flange 61 of the upper half casing 20 are in contact with each other in the vertical direction.

(41) In the following description, the abutting surface between the upper surface of the second flange 62 and the lower surface of the first flange 61 is referred to as a abutting surface 612 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) between the first flange 61 and the second flange 62. The abutting surface 612 spreads smoothly in the horizontal direction.

(42) As shown in FIG. 3, the thickness (a dimension in a direction in which the first hole portion 610 and the second hole portion 611 extend) of the second flange 62 has a first portion P1 that is larger than the thickness of the first flange 61.

(43) Next, the operation of the centrifugal compressor 1 will be described.

(44) As the rotary shaft 3A rotates by a driving source such as a motor connected to the rotary shaft 3A, the plurality of impellers 2 are rotationally driven. Using the centrifugal force accompanying the rotation, the process gas (working fluid) is compressed by each impeller 2.

(45) Here, as described above, a high-pressure working fluid circulates inside the centrifugal compressor 1. If a gap is formed between the upper half casing 20 and the lower half casing 30, the working fluid leaks outside through the gap even if the gap is small and the efficiency of the centrifugal compressor 1 is thus impaired.

(46) In particular, the pressure of the working fluid is higher in the portion on the downstream side closer to the discharge port 17 in the direction of the axis A.

(47) Therefore, in this portion, it is necessary to sufficiently seal the space between the first flange 61 and the second flange 62, by fastening the upper half casing 20 and the lower half casing 30 with a large tightening force.

(48) Therefore, as described above, the thickness of the second flange 62 is larger than the thickness of the first flange 61.

(49) As shown in FIG. 3, a region S in which the tightening force of the bolt is applied inside the first flange 61 and the second flange 62 gradually enlarges from the head portion 70H side to the abutting surface 612 around the stud bolt 70B, and gradually reduces from the abutting surface 612 to the distal end portion 70P.

(50) Further, the size of the region S to which the tightening force is applied is proportional to the length (the total depth of the depth of the first hole portion 610 and the depth of the second hole portion 611) of the shaft portion of the bolt 70.

(51) That is, according to the above configuration, the region S in which the tightening force of the bolt 70 is applied can be enlarged in the length direction of the bolt 70 in accordance with the thickness of the second flange 62 is thicker than the first flange 61. As a result, the tightening force between the first flange 61 and the second flange 62 increases, and a tightening force equivalent to that of the through-bolt 70A can be secured with the stud bolt 70B. Therefore, the sealing performance on the abutting surface 612 can be improved.

(52) Furthermore, since the tightening operation may be performed only on one side (the first flange 61 side), the operation efficiency of the fastening operation can be improved as compared with the through-bolt 70A which requires a tightening operation on both sides of the flange.

(53) The centrifugal compressor 1 compresses the working fluid introduced from the suction port 11 with rotation of the rotor 3, and discharges the working fluid in a high pressure state from the discharge port 17.

(54) That is, since a high internal pressure is applied to the casing 6 in the region including the position corresponding to the discharge port 17 in the direction in which the axis A extends, a high sealing performance is required between the first flange 61 and the second flange 62.

(55) In the above configuration, since the first portion P1 is provided in the second flange 62 in the region, the region S in which the tightening force of the stud bolt 70B is applied inside the first flange 61 and the second flange 62 is enlarged. Thus, high sealing performance can be secured.

(56) Further, various changes and modifications can be made to the above-described structure and method without departing from the gist of the present disclosure.

(57) For example, in the first embodiment, description has been given of the case where the thickness of the second flange 62 is thicker than the thickness of the first flange 61 as an example. However, as shown in FIG. 4, it is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the thickness of the first flange 61 is larger than the thickness of the second flange 62.

(58) Further, in the first embodiment, description has been given of the case where the stud bolt 70B is fastened from the upper surface side of the first flange 61 as an example, but a configuration in which the stud bolt 70B is fastened from the lower surface side of the second flange 62 may be adopted. In this case, the first hole portion 610 is formed in the second flange 62, and the second hole portion 611 is formed from the lower surface side of the first flange 61.

(59) Furthermore, in the first embodiment, description has been given of the case of using the centrifugal compressor 1 as an example of the rotary machine, but as long as the rotary machine has the two halves like the casing 6 of the centrifugal compressor 1, any mechanical device can be applied as a rotary machine. As other examples of the rotary machine, for example, a gas turbine, a steam turbine, or the like are exemplary.

Second Embodiment

(60) A second embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to FIG. 5. Components the same as those of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and a detailed description thereof will not be provided.

(61) As shown in FIG. 5, the rotary machine of the second embodiment is the same as the centrifugal compressor 1 described in the first embodiment except that the rotary machine of the second embodiment has, in place of the second flange 62 described in the first embodiment, a second flange 262 including a second portion P2 having a thickness thinner than the thickness of the first portion P1 and having a fourth hole portion 611B formed therein, in addition to the first portion P1 (a portion having a thickness thicker than that of the first flange 61), has a third hole portion 610B having the same configuration as the first hole portion 610 formed in a portion of the first flange 61 facing the second portion P2, and further has a stud bolt 70C.

(62) The first portion P1 and the second portion P2 are arranged adjacent to each other. For example, second portions P2 may be disposed on both sides of the first portion P1 to sandwich the first portion P1.

(63) The thickness of the second portion P2 is the same as the thickness of the first flange 61. That is, in a state of a cross-sectional view orthogonal to the abutting surface 612, a flange outer surface 62B (a lower surface) of the second portion P2 is disposed to be closer to the first flange 61 side than a flange outer surface 62A (a lower surface) of the first portion P1 is.

(64) It should be noted that the “same thickness” as used herein does not necessarily mean the exact matching of the thicknesses, but errors or manufacturing tolerances are permitted.

(65) The fourth hole portion 611B is a hole portion having a depth shallower than the second hole portion 611 formed in the first portion P1. A female screw Sf (a second female screw) is formed at the bottom part of the fourth hole portion 611B. A stud bolt 70C (a second bolt) having a length of an axial portion shorter than the previously described stud bolt 70B is inserted into the third hole portion 610B and the fourth hole portion 611B.

(66) A male screw Sm is formed on the distal end portion 70P of the stud bolt 70C. The male screw Sm of the stud bolt 70C is fastened to a female screw Sf formed at the bottom part of the fourth hole portion 611B.

(67) In this way, by forming the female screw Sf at the bottom part of the fourth hole portion 611B and by fastening the male screw Sm and the female screw Sf formed at the distal end portion 70P of the stud bolt 70C, it is possible to further enlarge the region in which the tightening force of the stud bolt 70B and the stud bolt 70C is applied inside the flange structure including the first flange 61 and the second flange 262.

(68) As the position in which the second portion P2 is provided, a position near the rear end portion 6B of the casing 6 on which the discharge port 17 is located (specifically, a region including a position corresponding to the discharge port 17 in the axial direction D1, and closest to the rotary shaft 3A in the radial direction) is particularly desirable.

(69) Meanwhile, it is known that the size of the region S (S′) in which the tightening force of the bolt 70 is applied inside the first flange 61 and the second flange 262 is proportional to the length of the bolt 70 (that is, the length of the shaft portion of the stud bolts 70B and 70C).

(70) Further, in order to avoid concentration of stress inside the first flange 61 and the second flange 262, it is desirable that regions S (S′) on which the tightening force is applied do not overlap between mutually adjacent bolts 70. That is, it is required that a certain interval be formed between adjacent bolts 70. On the other hand, in order to ensure sealing performance on the abutting surface 612, it is desirable to dispose as many bolts 70 as possible.

(71) According to the second embodiment, there is a configuration in which the sizes of the regions S and S′ in which the tightening force of the bolt 70 is applied are different between the first portion P1 and the second portion P2 adjacent to each other. This makes it possible to reduce the distance between the bolts 70 as compared with the case where the regions S and S′ in which the tightening force is applied have the same size.

(72) Since this makes it possible to increase the number of bolts 70 per unit area, the sealing performance on the abutting surface 612 can be further improved.

(73) Further, various changes and modifications can be made to the above-described structure and method without departing from the gist of the present disclosure. For example, in the second embodiment, the example of using the centrifugal compressor 1 as an example of a rotary machine has been described. However, as long as the rotary machine has two halves like the casing 6 of the centrifugal compressor 1, in any mechanical device, the above configuration can be applied for a rotary machine. As other examples of a rotary machine, for example, a gas turbine, a steam turbine, or the like are exemplary.

(74) While preferred embodiments of the disclosure have been described and shown above, it should be understood that these are exemplary of the disclosure and are not to be considered as limiting. Additions, omissions, substitutions, and other modifications can be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the disclosure is not to be considered as being limited by the foregoing description, and is only limited by the scope of the appended claims.

EXPLANATION OF REFERENCES

(75) 1 Centrifugal compressor (rotary machine) 2 Impeller 3 Rotor 3A Rotary shaft 4 Diaphragm group 5 Sealing device 6 Casing 6B Rear end portion 11 Suction port 12 Suction flow path 13 Diffuser flow path 14 Bent flow path 15 Return flow path 16 Discharge volute 17 Discharge port 20 Upper half compartment (first casing half-body) 21, 31 Accommodating portion 22, 32 Surrounding portion 24, 34 Base 30 Lower half compartment (second casing half-body) 40 Diaphragm 40A, 40B Member 51 Seal housing holder 61 First flange 62, 262 Second flange 62A, 62B Flange outer surface 70 Bolt 70A Through-bolt 70B, 70C Stud bolt 70H Head 70P Distal end portion 78 Washer 210 Circumferential wall 211 Front side wall 610 First hole portion 611 Second hole portion 611b Bottom 611B Fourth hole portion 612 Abutting surface P1 First portion P2 Second portion S, S′ Region Sf Female screw Sm Male screw