Anhydrous heat transfer medium and application thereof

Abstract

An anhydrous heat transfer medium, comprising any one or a combination of at least two of cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene or perfluorobutane methyl ether. The heat transfer medium does not require an external device to perform work on the heat transfer medium during a heat transfer process, and is anhydrous, non-combustible, non-conductive and environmentally friendly.

Claims

1. An anhydrous heat transfer medium capable of working in a heat transfer process without need of applying any external work, the anhydrous heat transfer medium has: an ozone depletion potential of less than 0.01; and a global warming potential of less than 500; wherein the anhydrous heat transfer medium comprises perfluorobutane methyl ether, and at least one of cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene.

2. The anhydrous heat transfer medium according to claim 1, wherein the composition of the anhydrous heat transfer medium comprises cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and perfluorobutane methyl ether.

3. The anhydrous heat transfer medium according to claim 2, wherein cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene has a mass fraction of 1 to 99%.

4. The anhydrous heat transfer medium according to claim 2, wherein cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene has a mass fraction of 50 to 70%.

5. The anhydrous heat transfer medium according to claim 2, wherein perfluorobutane methyl ether has a mass fraction of 10 to 90%.

6. The anhydrous heat transfer medium according to claim 2, wherein perfluorobutane methyl ether has a mass fraction of 30 to 50%.

7. The anhydrous heat transfer medium according to claim 1, wherein the composition of the anhydrous heat transfer medium comprises cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene and perfluorobutane methyl ether.

8. The anhydrous heat transfer medium according to claim 7, wherein cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene has a mass fraction of 60 to 90%.

9. The anhydrous heat transfer medium according to claim 7, wherein the mass fraction of the cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene is 5-10%.

10. The heat transfer medium according to claim 7, wherein perfluorobutane methyl ether has a mass fraction of 5 to 30%.

11. The heat transfer medium according to claim 1, wherein the composition of the heat transfer medium comprises perfluorobutane methyl ether and cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene.

12. The heat transfer medium according to claim 11, wherein perfluorobutane methyl ether has a mass fraction of 10 to 90%.

13. The heat transfer medium according to claim 11, wherein cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene has a mass fraction of 10 to 90%.

14. The heat transfer medium of claim 1, wherein the heat transfer medium is adapted for use in large-scale integrated circuit boards, large computer systems, electric vehicles, high speed trains, satellites or space stations.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a heat transfer or heat removal element of the natural convection and thermosiphon phenomenon of the present invention;

(2) FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the working principle of a novel heat transfer medium provided in a heat transfer or heat removal element according to the present invention;

(3) FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the working principle of a novel heat transfer medium provided in another heat transfer or heat removal element.

(4) DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMBERS: 1 is heat transfer medium, 2 is heat source, 3 is insulation pipe, 4 is evaporation surface, 5 is condensation surface, 6 is insulation board, 7 is heat transfer medium vapor, 8 is heat transfer medium condensate.

Embodiments

(5) In order to better explain and understand the embodiment of the present invention, a typical but non-limited embodiment of the present invention is as follows:

(6) Test method: A 2 liter heat transfer or heat removal element as shown in FIG. 2 was evacuated, and then 1 kg of the heat transfer medium provided by the present invention was added. 1 KW of heat is absorbed through 25 cm.sup.2 area at 70° C. to evaporate cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro propene or cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene or perfluoro-butane methyl ether, respectively. A mass flow meter is used to measure the vapor rate. A pressure gage is used to measure the system pressure. An air-cooled condenser is used to condense the vapor. Once the system is reached at steady state conditions, the pressure and vapor rate is recorded;

EXAMPLES 1-3

(7) In Examples 1-3, cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene and perfluorobutane methyl ether were used as a heat transfer medium respectively, and the pressure and vapor rate during the heat transfer process were measured according to the above test method. The results are shown in Table 1.

(8) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Evapora- Temper- Pres- Vapor Boiling tion Exam- ature sure rate point heat ple (° C.) (KPa) (kg/min) GWP (° C.) (kJ/kg) 1 70 282 0.3 <1 39 213 2 70 336 0.39 2 33 166 3 70 141 0.52 320 61 125

EXAMPLES 4-8

(9) Examples 4-8 used a mixture of perfluorobutane methyl ether and cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene as the heat transfer medium. The various mass fractions of cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and perfluorobutane methyl ether in each example are shown in Table 2. The pressure and vapor rate during the heat transfer process were measured according to the above test method, and the results are shown in Table 3.

(10) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Example 4 5 6 7 8 cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro- 10% 30% 50% 70% 90% propene perfluorobutane methyl 90% 70% 50% 30% 10% ether

(11) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Evapora- Temper- Pres- Vapor Boiling tion Exam- ature sure rate point heat ple (° C.) (KPa) (kg/min) GWP (° C.) (kJ/kg) 4 70 171 0.47 288 53.6 147 5 70 214 0.4 224 46.4 178 6 70 242 0.36 160 42.6 210 7 70 262 0.33 96 40.2 203 8 70 276 0.31 32 38.6 210

EXAMPLES 9-13

(12) A mixture of cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene is used as a heat transfer medium. The various mass fractions of cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene are shown in Table 4. The pressure and vapor rate during the heat transfer process were measured according to the above test method, and the results are shown in Table 5.

(13) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Example 9 10 11 12 13 cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro- 70% 75% 85% 90% 95% propene cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro- 30% 25% 15% 10%  5% butene

(14) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Evapora- Temper- Pres- Vapor Boiling tion Exam- ature sure rate point heat ple (° C.) (KPa) (kg/min) GWP (° C.) (kJ/kg) 9 70 300 0.33 1 36 198 10 70 297 0.32 1 37 201 11 70 291 0.32 1 37 206 12 70 288 0.31 1 37 208 13 70 285 0.31 <1 38 211

EXAMPLES 14-18

(15) Examples 14-18 used a mixture of perfluorobutane methyl ether and cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene as a heat transfer medium. The various mass fractions of perfluorobutane methyl ether and cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene in each example are shown in Table 6. The pressure and vapor rate during the heat transfer process were measured according to the above test method, and the results are shown in Table 7.

(16) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Example 14 15 16 17 18 perfluorobutane methyl 10% 30% 50% 70% 90% ether cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro- 90% 70% 50% 30% 10% butene

(17) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Evapora- Temper- Pres- Vapor Boiling tion Exam- ature sure rate point heat ple (° C.) (KPa) (kg/min) GWP (° C.) (kJ/kg) 14 70 322 0.40 34 34 167 15 70 292 0.41 97 37 161 16 70 258 0.43 161 41 154 17 70 217 0.45 225 46 143 18 70 169 0.49 288 54 128

EXAMPLES 19-23

(18) Examples 19-23 used cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene and perfluorobutane methyl ether mixture as a heat transfer medium. The various mass fractions of cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene and perfluorobutane methyl ether in each example are shown in Table 8. The pressure and vapor rate during the heat transfer process were measured according to the above test method, and the results are shown in Table 9.

(19) TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Example 19 20 21 22 23 cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro- 60% 70% 75% 85% 90% propene cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro- 10% 10% 10%  5%  5% butene perfluorobutane methyl 30% 20% 15% 10%  5% ether

(20) TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Evapora- Temper- Pres- Vapor Boiling tion Exam- ature sure rate point heat ple (° C.) (KPa) (kg/min) GWP (° C.) (kJ/kg) 19 70 282 0.34 97 40 191 20 70 279 0.33 65 39 197 21 70 279 0.33 49 38 200 22 70 275 0.32 33 38 205 23 70 267 0.31 17 38 208

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 1-6

(21) Comparative Examples 1-6 used trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, cis-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane or perfluoro-n-hexane, respectively as a heat transfer medium. The pressure and vapor rate during the heat transfer process were measured according to the above test method, and the results are shown in Table 10.

(22) TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Compar- Evapora- ative Temper- Pres- Vapor Boiling tion exam- ature sure rate point heat ple (° C.) (KPa) (kg/min) GWP (° C.) (kJ/kg) 1 70 510 0.35 1 19 195 2 70 1620 0.46 <1 −19 195 3 70 675 0.33 <1 9 220 4 70 2040 0.57 4 −29 183 5 70 325 0.29 725 32 223 6 70 161 0.72 >5000 56 88

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 7-12

(23) Comparative Examples 7-12 used binary mixtures of cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and cis-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, or cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and perfluoro-n-hexane as a binary heat transfer medium respectively. The binary mixture has a mass ratio of 1:1. The pressure and vapor rate during the heat transfer process were measured according to the above test method, and the results are shown in Table 11.

(24) TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Compar- Evapora- ative Temper- Pres- Vapor Boiling tion exam- ature sure rate point heat ple (° C.) (KPa) (kg/min) GWP (° C.) (kJ/kg) 7 70 396 0.33 <1 27 202 8 70 959 0.40 <1 −6 195 9 70 487 0.32 <1 20 217 10 70 1168 0.45 3 −16 180 11 70 305 0.30 400 35 220 12 70 270 0.40 3000 39 167

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 13-18

(25) Comparative Examples 13-18 used binary mixtures of cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene and trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene and cis-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene and 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, or cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene and perfluoro-hexane as a binary heat transfer medium respectively. The binary mixture has a mass ratio of 1:1. The pressure and vapor rate during the heat transfer process were measured according to the above test method, and the results are shown in Table 12.

(26) TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Compar- Evapora- ative Temper- Pres- Vapor Boiling tion exam- ature sure rate point heat ple (° C.) (KPa) (kg/min) GWP (° C.) (kJ/kg) 13 70 432 0.37 2 24 187 14 70 1033 0.42 1 −7 192 15 70 533 0.35 1 17 205 16 70 1248 0.48 3 −17 178 17 70 336 0.34 360 32 198 18 70 286 0.47 2500 38 143

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 19-24

(27) Comparative Examples 19-24 used binary mixtures of perfluorobutane methyl ether and trans -1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, perfluorobutane methyl ether and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, perfluorobutane methyl ether and cis-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, perfluorobutane methyl ether and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, perfluorobutane methyl ether and 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, or perfluorobutane methyl ether and perfluoro-n-hexane as a binary heat transfer medium respectively. The binary mixture has a mass ratio of 1:1. The pressure and vapor rate during the heat transfer process were measured according to the above test method, and the results are shown in Table 13.

(28) TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Compar- Evapora- ative Temper- Pres- Vapor Boiling tion exam- ature sure rate point heat ple (° C.) (KPa) (kg/min) GWP (° C.) (kJ/kg) 19 70 381 0.38 160 27 182 20 70 1066 0.45 160 −10 192 21 70 503 0.35 160 17 205 22 70 1306 0.51 162 −20 179 23 70 277 0.34 470 37 194 24 70 152 0.61 2600 58 101

(29) In practical application, one prefers the lowest operating pressure and the lowest vapor rate to remove the same amounts of heat. In table 1, cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene gave the best combination of relatively low operating pressure, low vapor rate and low GWP. Compared with those compounds in table 10, the three kinds of heat transfer medium disclosed in present invention in table 1 have good comprehensive performances. The binary and ternary mixtures of cis-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobutene and perfluorobutane methyl ether have better heat transfer performances than those of single heat transfer medium. Mixing the three kinds of disclosed heat transfer fluids in this invention with those compounds in comparative examples 1-6, the mixture heat transfer performances cannot be improved. It can be seen that the mixed heat transfer mediums obtained by mixing the three compounds provided by the present invention has better heat transfer performance

(30) The applicant claims that the detailed structural features of the present invention are described by the above-described examples, but the present invention is not limited to the above detailed structural features, that is, the present invention is not necessarily limited to the above detailed structural features.

(31) The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments.

(32) It should be further noted that the specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not describe the every possible combination separately.