CENTERLESS ROLL GRINDING MACHINE WITH REDUCED RADIAL VARIATION ERRORS

Abstract

A centerless roll grinding machine includes a lateral support of a V-channel support that is received by a vertical support of a frame and extending horizontally in the first direction to contact a second side of one neck of a work roll. A lower support received by and extending generally upwardly from the frame displaced in the first lateral direction from a geometric center of the neck of the work roll cooperates with the lateral support to provide the V-channel support to hold the work roll for rotation about a longitudinal axis. A lateral support device includes radially spaced bearing pads on the neck in opposition to a grinding wheel. Each pair of bearing pads is pivotally attached to a respective first tier averaging link that is pivotally coupled to a horizontal ram to reduce displacements of the work roll caused by errors in the neck.

Claims

1. A centerless roll grinding machine comprising: a frame that extends laterally and longitudinally to be positioned under a generally cylindrical work roll having a narrower neck on each longitudinal end; a grinding wheel assembly comprising a grinding wheel housing received on a first lateral portion of the frame for longitudinal and lateral movement and comprising a grinding wheel presented on a second side of the grinding wheel housing that is opposite to the first side, the frame comprising a vertical support extending from a second lateral portion; a lateral support received by the vertical support of the frame and extending horizontally in the first direction to contact the second side of one neck of the work roll; a lower support received by and extending generally upwardly from the frame displaced in the first lateral direction from a geometric center of the neck of the work roll to cooperate with the lateral support to provide a V-channel support to hold the work roll for rotation about a longitudinal axis; and the lateral support comprising a horizontal ram and a lateral support device, the lateral support device comprising more than one bearing pad that are radially spaced along a side of the neck in opposition to the grinding wheel, each pair of bearing pads pivotally attached to a respective first tier averaging link that is pivotally coupled to the horizontal ram to reduce horizontal displacements of the work roll caused by a geometric error in the neck.

2. The centerless roll grinding machine of claim 1, wherein the lateral support device further comprises one or more second tier averaging links that are interposed between the first tier averaging links and the horizontal ram, each pair of first tier averaging links being pivotally attached to a respective second tier averaging link to further reduce horizontal displacements of the work roll caused by a geometric error in the neck.

3. The centerless roll grinding machine of claim 2, wherein the lateral support device further comprises one or more third tier averaging links that are interposed between the second tier averaging links and the horizontal ram, each pair of second tier averaging links being pivotally attached to a respective third tier averaging link to further reduce horizontal displacements of the work roll caused by a geometric error in the neck.

4. The centerless roll grinding machine of claim 1, wherein the lower support comprises a lower ram and a lower support device, the lower support device comprising more than one bearing pad that are radially spaced along an underside of the neck in opposition to gravity on the work roll, each pair of bearing pads pivotally attached to a respective first tier averaging link that is pivotally coupled to the lower ram to reduce vertical displacements of the work roll caused by a geometric error in the neck.

5. The centerless roll grinding machine of claim 4, wherein the lower support device further comprises one or more second tier averaging links that are interposed between the first tier averaging links of the lower support device and the lower ram, each pair of first tier averaging links of the lower support device being pivotally attached to a respective second tier averaging link of the lower support device to further reduce vertical displacements of the work roll caused by a geometric error in the neck.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The description of the illustrative embodiments can be read in conjunction with the accompanying figures. It will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements illustrated in the figures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements are exaggerated relative to other elements. Embodiments incorporating teachings of the present disclosure are shown and described with respect to the figures presented herein, in which:

[0016] FIG. 1 is a front view of a generally known four-high steel rolling machine;

[0017] FIG. 2 is a side view of the generally known four-high steel rolling machine depicted in FIG. 1;

[0018] FIG. 3 is an end view of a generally known centerless roll grinding machine;

[0019] FIG. 4A is a side view of an averaging link, according to one or more embodiments;

[0020] FIG. 4B depicts a three-dimensional isometric view of a spherically mounted averaging link that is variation of the averaging link of FIG. 4, according to one or more embodiments;

[0021] FIG. 4C depicts a three-dimensional isometric view of a cross cylinder mounted averaging link that is variation of the averaging link of FIG. 4, according to one or more embodiments;

[0022] FIG. 5 is a front view of a grinding machine having an example lateral support that utilizes averaging links, according to one or more embodiments;

[0023] FIG. 6 is a front detail view of a lateral support device of the grinding machine of FIG. 5, according to one or more embodiments;

[0024] FIG. 7 depicts a top assembled view of an example four-stage support device, according to one or more embodiments;

[0025] FIG. 8 depicts a three-dimensional, exploded view of the four-stage support device of FIG. 7, according to one or more embodiments; and

[0026] FIG. 9 is a front detail view of a lateral support device of the grinding machine of FIG. 5 that further includes a lower support device having averaging links, according to one or more embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] According to aspects of the present innovation, FIG. 4A depicts a side view of an averaging link 400 that comprises a plate 402 that is cut from plate steel with symmetric first and second arms 404a-404b that generally extend away from each other (up and down as depicted) and slightly toward a workpiece side 405 (right as depicted). First and second connection holes 406a-406b are distally formed respectively in each of the first and second arms 404a-404b at a same distance from a centerline 408 of the averaging link 400 (horizontal as depicted). A pivot hole 410 is formed in the plate 402 on the centerline 408 proximate to a support side 412 (left as depicted) of the averaging link 400. First and second connection holes 406a-406b are equidistant from each other and equidistant to pivot hole 410. Pivot hole 410 horizontally translates an amount that is an average (mean) of a horizontal position of the first and second connection holes 406a-406b.

[0028] FIG. 4B depicts a three-dimensional view of a spherically mounted averaging link 430 that is variation of the averaging link 400 (FIG. 4). A plate 432 has a thickness sufficient for forming mounting fixtures on workpiece side face 433a-433b respectively of first and second arms 434a-434b. In particular, the mounting fixtures are first and second pivot ball 436a-436b mounted on threaded rods 437a-437b that are bolted to respective workpiece side face 433a-433b respectively of first and second arms 434a-434b. Pivot ball 436a-436b are at a same distance from a centerline 438 of the averaging link 430 (horizontal as depicted). A pivot hole 440 is formed in the plate 432 on the centerline 438 proximate to a support side 442 (left as depicted) of the averaging link 430. First and second pivot ball 436a-436b are equidistant from each other and equidistant to pivot hole 440. Pivot hole 440 horizontally translates an amount that is an average (mean) of a horizontal position of the first and second pivot ball 436a-436b. When used as a first-tier averaging link, each of the pivot ball 436a-436b are received respectively of a spherical pocket 443 formed in a back side 444 of a bearing pad 445 that have a curved babbitt surface 446. The spherical ball joint engagement enables movement that is a combination of tilting and self-aligning to occur. The proximity of an adjacent bearing pad 445 limits or prevents skewing.

[0029] FIG. 4C is a three-dimensional view of a cross cylinder mounted averaging link 460 that is variation of the averaging link 400 (FIG. 4). A plate 462 has a thickness sufficient for forming mounting fixtures on workpiece side face 463a-463b respectively of first and second arms 464a-464b. In particular, the mounting fixtures are first and second cylindrical pockets 466a-466b formed in respective workpiece side face 463a-463b respectively of first and second arms 464a-464b. First and second cylindrical pockets 466a-466b are at a same distance from a centerline 468 of the averaging link 460 (horizontal as depicted). A pivot hole 470 is formed in the plate 462 on the centerline 468 proximate to a support side 472 (left as depicted) of the averaging link 460. First and second cylindrical pockets 466a-466b are equidistant from each other and equidistant to pivot hole 470. Pivot hole 470 horizontally translates an amount that is an average (mean) of a horizontal position of the first and second cylindrical pockets 466a-466b. When used as a first-tier averaging link, a vertical cylinder 467 of respective cross cylinder components 468a-468b is received in first and second cylindrical pockets 466a-466b. A horizontal cylinder 469 of respective cross cylinder components 468a-468b is received respectively in a horizontal cylindrical pocket 471 formed in a back side 474 of a bearing pad 475. The horizontal cylindrical pocket 471 receives the horizontal cylinder 469 for rotation movement. The vertical cylinder 467 is received in the respective slot 466a-466b for tilting movement.

[0030] According to one or more aspects of the present innovation, FIG. 5 is an end view of a grinding machine 500 having an example lateral support 502 and a lower ram 504 of a variability reducing V-block that contacts a cylindrical neck 506 of a work roll 508. The example lateral support 502 includes a solid, non-rotating horizontal slide member (ram) 510 slidingly received in an inwardly directed, horizontal channel 512 formed in a vertical support portion 514 of a support frame 516 of the grinding machine 500. An actuator wheel 518 turns an adjustment screw 520 that passes through a backside of the vertical support portion 514 into horizontal channel 512. Adjustment screw 52 limits how deeply the horizontal slide member (ram) 510 is positioned in the horizontal channel 512 to distally position an attached 4-stage support device 522 according to aspects of the present innovation. The lower ram 504 is received in a lower channel 524 that is directed toward an axial centerline 526 of a work roll 508 and slightly backward canted so that the center of gravity (axial centerline 526) of the work roll 508 is horizontally positioned between the example lateral support 502 and the lower ram 504. The lower ram 504 is adjusted to position the axial centerline 536 of work roll 508 in vertical alignment with the horizontal channel 512. A grinding wheel 530 is horizontally aligned with the axial centerline 526 by a grinding wheel housing 532 that is received for longitudinally translation to the support frame 516. The grinding wheel housing 532 has an upper portion 534 that is adjustably translatable to a lower portion 536 that is held in a channel 538 of the support frame 516.

[0031] The horizontal lateral support 502 includes an inner third tier averaging link 540 of the 4-stage support device 522 that is mounted to horizontal slide member (ram) 510 by proximal pin 542. FIG. 6 is a detail side view of the four-stage support device 522 and roll neck 506. A pair of second tier averaging links 544a are pivotally attached to the third-tier averaging link 540. A pair of first tier averaging links 546 are respectively pivotally attached to each second-tier averaging link 544a. A pair of bearing pads 548 are respectively pivotally coupled to each first-tier averaging link 546a. In one or more embodiments, the example lateral support 502 has three averaging stages to reduce copying of a dimensional error (bump 601) in the neck 506 by a factor of 8. The height of the bump 601 contacts only one of the eight (8) bear pads 548 at a time. Copying of the bump 601 results in a horizontal translation of center or rotation of the neck 506 that is ⅛.sup.th of the height of bump 601. It should be appreciated that three averaging stages is illustrative. Fewer or additional averaging stages can be implemented to achieve a desired amount of reduction. The averaging principle of this kinematic system is cited in “Theory of Machines”, Joseph Edward Shigly, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1961, page 335, Section 13-2 and FIG. 13-1a, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0032] In one or more embodiments, FIG. 7 depicts a top assembled view and FIG. 8 depicts a three-dimensional, exploded view of the four-stage support device 522 that includes duplications of components for additional strength and longitudinal support. With particular reference to FIG. 7, a base housing 700 include a transverse plate 702 with four distally projecting and parallel first pin tabs 704a-704d that receive proximal pin 542. The inner third tier averaging link 540 is received between pin tabs 704b-704c. A first outer third tier averaging link 541a is received between pin tabs 704a-704b. A second outer third tier averaging link 541b is received between pin tabs 704c-704d. Each of the two second tier averaging links 544a are bolstered by a respective parallel positioned second tier averaging link 544b. Each of two midpoint pins 706 passes through a stack of first outer third tier averaging links 541a, second tier averaging link 544a, inner third tier averaging link 540, second tier averaging link 544b, and outer third tier averaging link 541b. Each of four distal pins 708 passes through a respective parallel pair of second tier averaging links 544a-544b and one of the four (4) first tier averaging links 546. With particular reference to FIG. 8, each of the four first tier averaging links 546 are pivotally coupled via crossed cylinder components 810 to bearing pads 812.

[0033] FIG. 9 is an end view of the grinding machine 500′ having the example lateral support 502 as described above with regard to grinding machine 500 of FIG. 5. In addition, grinding machine 500′ has a lower support 904 according to aspects of the present innovation that further reduces variability of V-block that contacts the cylindrical neck 506 of the work roll 508. A lower ram 906 of the lower support 904 is attached to a base housing 908 of a two-stage support device 910. A second-tier averaging assembly 912 of the two-stage support device 910 averages generally vertical displacements of a pair of first tier averaging links 914a-914b, each of which average generally vertical displacements from a respective pair of bearing pads 916. In one or more embodiments, the angle Θ.sub.S is about 110° from the direction to the right as depicted (0°) counterclockwise to the vector from the geometric center (GC) to an upper most bearing pad 548a of the lateral support 502. The angle Θ.sub.F is about 250° from the direction to the right as depicted) (0°) to the vector from the geometric center (GC) to a lower most bearing pad 548h of the lateral support 502. The eight (8) bearing pads 548a-548h are 20° apart for a total angle “A” of 140°. This embodiment provides, in a centerless roll grinding machines, a mechanical linkage system supports out-of-round necks of large rolls.

[0034] Averaging links translate a small fraction (e.g., about ⅛th) of the radial variation of the neck regardless of the shape or extent of the out-of-round errors of the neck. The averaging link system responds to varying radii of a non-round neck in a manner that will reduce (approximately an 8 times reduction) the horizontal motion of the neck's geometric center, regardless of the shape (the number of lobes) or extent of the radial variation that is encountered. The averaging link system acts as a passive mechanical analog computer that computes a moving average of 8 neck radii. This rounding action is fully automatic, requiring no monitoring or control action by a machine operator.

[0035] In one or more embodiments, the grinding apparatus may include one or more drive means (not shown) for rotating a roll or other workpiece about its longitudinal axis. In one or more embodiments, the drive means is provided in the form of one or more drive wheels for frictionally contacting the roll or other workpiece to impose rotational energy. In one or more embodiments, the drive means further comprises means for providing rotational energy (e.g., a drive motor), with a drive belt or chain transmitting such rotational energy to the drive wheels. In one or more embodiments, the outer surface of drive wheel include a friction surface such as soft polymer or the like to enhance the frictional interaction with a roll and to make the transfer of rotational energy more efficient.

[0036] The invention also involves a rotating grinding- or cutting tool, in particular a grinding wheel or grinding roller that has a body as in the present invention and at least one layer of abrasive material on one peripheral surface and/or at least one lateral surface of the body, this material can be cubic boron nitride (CBN) or diamond.

[0037] In one or more embodiments, the grinding apparatus may include using grinding oil or grinding emulsion as cooling lubricant. The apparatus for machining a cylindrical roll or workpiece of the present disclosure can be applied to a machining apparatus for performing finish machining, such as grinding, of an outer circumferential surface of a cylindrical workpiece on the basis of an inner circumferential surface after heat treatment of the workpiece.

[0038] In the detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the disclosure, specific exemplary embodiments in which the disclosure may be practiced are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosed embodiments. For example, specific details such as specific method orders, structures, elements, and connections have been presented herein. However, it is to be understood that the specific details presented need not be utilized to practice embodiments of the present disclosure. It is also to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized, and that logical, architectural, programmatic, mechanical, electrical and other changes may be made without departing from general scope of the disclosure. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present disclosure is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

[0039] References within the specification to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “embodiments”, or “one or more embodiments” are intended to indicate that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The appearance of such phrases in various places within the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Further, various features are described which may be exhibited by some embodiments and not by others. Similarly, various requirements are described which may be requirements for some embodiments but not other embodiments.

[0040] While the disclosure has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the disclosure. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular system, device or component thereof to the teachings of the disclosure without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the disclosure not be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed for carrying out this disclosure, but that the disclosure will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims. Moreover, the use of the terms first, second, etc. do not denote any order or importance, but rather the terms first, second, etc. are used to distinguish one element from another.

[0041] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

[0042] The description of the present disclosure has been presented for purposes of illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the disclosure in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the disclosure. The described embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the disclosure and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the disclosure for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.