TUNNEL LINING COMPOSED OF AT LEAST TWO CONCRETE ELEMENTS

Abstract

The invention relates to a tunnel lining composed of at least two concrete elements (10) each having at least one protective element (20) connected to the concrete element, wherein the protective element (20) has a protective portion which has a first side which faces the concrete element (10) and on which there is provided at least one connecting element (17) for producing a retaining connection between the protective portion and the concrete element (10), wherein the protective portion consists of at least one plastic, wherein the protective element (20) has at least one protective element seal (30) which is connected to the protective portion (20), wherein the connection to the protective portion (20) is gas-tight and liquid-tight, wherein a joint (40) is present between the at least two concrete elements (10) arranged to form the tunnel lining (300), wherein the joint (40) is sealed in a gas-tight and liquid-tight manner with respect to the tunnel interior (100) by at least one protective element seal (30) having a sealing action (first sealing action), and wherein the tunnel lining (300) is provided with drainage (C) into the tunnel interior (100).

Claims

1.-16. (canceled)

17. A tunnel lining composed of at least two concrete elements each having at least one protective element connected to the concrete elements, wherein the protective element has a protective portion which has a first side which faces the concrete element and on which there is provided at least one connecting element for producing a retaining connection between the protective portion and the concrete element, wherein the protective portion consists of at least one plastic, wherein the protective element has at least one protective element seal which is connected to the protective portion, wherein the connection to the protective portion is gas-tight and liquid-tight, wherein a joint is present between the at least two concrete elements arranged to form the tunnel lining, wherein the joint is sealed in a gastight and liquid-tight manner with respect to the tunnel interior by at least one protective element seal having a first sealing action, and wherein the tunnel lining is provided with drainage into the tunnel interior; Wherein; at least one concrete element has at least one concrete element seal that is arranged separately from the protective element and which has a second sealing action which seals the joint in a gas- and liquid-tight manner with respect to the rock, wherein the drainage occurs through the joint between the at least two concrete elements, and the protective element seal first sealing action is less than the concrete element seal second sealing action.

18. The tunnel lining as claimed in claim 1, wherein water permeability from the concrete element into the joint exists between the protective element seal and the concrete element seal.

19. The tunnel lining as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concrete element seal is provided at a distance from the protective element seal on the protective element.

20. The tunnel lining as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concrete element seal is arranged in a depression in the concrete element.

21. The tunnel lining as claimed in claim 1, wherein the protective portion has at least one of a bottom portion or a bottom portion and at least one wall portion.

22. The tunnel lining as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gas-tight and liquid-tight connection between the protective portion and the protective element seal is injection molded.

21. The tunnel lining as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plastic is one of a polydicyclopentadiene (pDCPD) with high temperature resistance, a resin, into which glass fibers are incorporated, or a thermoplastic, including PE.

24. The tunnel lining as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least two concrete elements are gas-tight with respect to the tunnel interior owing to the provision of the respectively one protective element.

25. The tunnel lining as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tunnel lining is built up in two parts with an inner concrete element on which the protective element is arranged, and an outer concrete element, on which the concrete element seal is arranged.

26. The tunnel lining as claimed in claim 9, wherein a joint through which a liquid can flow is provided between the concrete elements.

27. The tunnel lining as claimed in claim 10, wherein the joint is filled with a liquid permeable filler material.

28. The tunnel lining as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the sealing action of the material of the protective element seal or of the concrete element seal remains unchanged in contact with liquids.

29. The tunnel lining as claimed in claim 1, wherein the protective element is provided on that side of the concrete element which faces the interior space of the tunnel.

30. The tunnel lining as claimed in claim 1, wherein the protective element seal is arranged in the joint between that end of the joint which faces the interior space and the concrete element seal.

31. A method for draining a tunnel lining as claimed in claim 1 comprising draining a liquid which prevails in the rock surrounding the tunnel lining through the concrete element in the case of damage whereby the liquid arrives at the protective element, and discharging the liquid through the joint between the concrete elements and through the protective element seals located in the joint into the tunnel interior.

32. The method as claimed in claim 15, wherein the joint is sealed against the entry of liquid from the rock by virtue of the concrete element seals located in the joint.

Description

[0036] The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to drawings, in which:

[0037] FIG. 1 shows a sectional illustration of a first embodiment of a tunnel lining according to the invention with concrete elements having a protective element,

[0038] FIG. 2 shows a sectional illustration of a second embodiment of a tunnel lining according to the invention with concrete elements having a protective element, and

[0039] FIGS. 3a-3d show basic diagrams in sectional views of alternative embodiments of the protective element.

[0040] In a first embodiment of a tunnel lining 300 according to the invention, a lining ring composed of concrete elements 10 (segments) (FIG. 1) is provided. The concrete element has a convex top side 11 and a bottom side 12 arranged opposite thereto (concealed by a protective element 20 in FIG. 1). The protective element 20 is arranged on the bottom side 12 of the concrete element 10.

[0041] The concrete element 10 has depressions 14 on its wall portions 13 which are, for example, not covered by the protective element 20. Concrete element seals 50 are arranged in the depressions 14. Said concrete element seals have a sealing face 51, which comes into contact either with another wall portion 13 or another sealing face 51 of a concrete element seal 50 when the individual concrete elements 10 are being assembled. The concrete element seal 50 has, for example, chambers 52 in the interior. When the concrete elements 10 are being assembled, the elastic plastic of the concrete element seal 50 is deformed and the chambers 52 are compressed. Retaining projections (not illustrated) which engage into the concrete 16 after it has been cast, can optionally be arranged so as to lie opposite the sealing face 51.

[0042] In this embodiment, the protective element 20 has a bottom portion 21 and wall portions 22, 23. A receiving region 29 in which a protective element seal 30 is arranged is arranged on these wall portions 22, 23. The seal 30 and the protective element 20 are connected for example by injection molding.

[0043] A spacing 15, which is not covered by the protective element 20, is provided between the protective element seal 30 and the concrete element seal 50.

[0044] As an alternative, the concrete element 10 can also have only a protective element with a bottom portion 21 (not illustrated), on which protective element the protective element seal 30 is arranged in a gas- and liquid-tight manner, for example by injection molding.

[0045] The protective element 20 has a bottom portion 21, on the outer sides of which wall portions 22, 23 are arranged substantially at right angles or else in any desired other arrangement. In order to produce a retaining connection between the protective element 20 and the concrete element 10, the inner side of the bottom portion 21 has retaining elements 17, for example pins. As an alternative that is not illustrated, it can also be the case that crosspieces are arranged parallel to the one outer wall and crosspieces are arranged with respect to the outer wall which is arranged at a right angle to said outer wall. The crosspieces can, for example, be provided with openings through which concrete 16 can pass, the concrete therefore producing a connection after hardening that retains particularly well.

[0046] The bottom portion 21 has a second planar portion 28 which can consist, for example, of a PE film. This second portion can extend over the entire bottom portion 21 or only parts thereof. Said second portion is preferably connected by means of injection molding to the rest of the protective element 20, in particular the first portion 25, which can form part or all of the wall portion 22.

[0047] The protective element seal 30 consists of an elastic plastic. The seal 30 has a sealing face 31 which comes into contact either with another concrete surface or another sealing face 31 of a protective element seal 30 when the individual concrete elements are being assembled. The protective element seal 30 has chambers 32 in the interior. When the concrete elements 10 are being assembled, the elastic plastic of the protective element seal 30 is deformed and the chambers 32 are compressed. Retaining projections 33 which engage into the plastic of the wall portions 22, 23 of the protective element 20 are arranged so as to lie opposite the sealing face 31. Said retaining projections and the side walls of the protective element seal 30 that lie close to them are connected during the injection molding to the plastic of the protective element and/or are encapsulated by said plastic in a gas-tight manner. According to the invention, the protective element seal 30 has a sealing action which is smaller than the sealing action of the concrete element seal 50 but sufficiently great that no gases or liquids can pass out of the tunnel interior 100 through the protective element seal 30 and for example enter the joint and then come into contact with the concrete 16 there.

[0048] A protective element 20, as illustrated in FIG. 1, can be produced for example by injection molding. Alternative embodiments are illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3a to 3d.

[0049] FIGS. 3a to 3d show alternative embodiments of the protective element 20 with regard to the fact that the protective element 20 or the bottom portion and/or the wall portion are produced at least partially a planar portion 28 from prefabricated semifinished products, such as crosspieces with projections arranged on them. In this respect, FIGS. 3a to 3d show a variety of exemplary ways of connecting the second portion 28 to the first portion 25, which has been produced for example in a injection-molding process. This connection can take place in the manner of a butt joint (FIGS. 3a, 3d and 3c) or the second portion 28 is engaged around by the first portion 25 on one side (not shown) or on both sides (FIG. 3d). In FIG. 3b, the planar element forming the second portion 28 is provided not only as a constituent part of the bottom portion 21 but also as a wall portion 22, 23. The connection in the manner of a butt joint, as illustrated in FIGS. 3a, 3d and 3c, has surprisingly proven to be sufficient, in particular in the case of the connection of PE as a planar element and pDCPD as an injection-moldable plastic of the first portion 25. It is also possible, depending on the requirement made of the protective element, to provide a plurality of planar portions which are possibly made from different materials, which planar portions are then connected to one another via a plurality of first portions 25 by way of the injection-moldable plastic or plurality of different injection-moldable plastics. This applies to the bottom portion 21, the wall portion 22, 23 and also the roof portions.

[0050] The possibility of providing further drainage openings on the first and/or second portions 25, 28 and providing drainage elements in said drainage openings is not illustrated.

[0051] The tunnel lining 300 according to the invention is formed by assembling the concrete elements 10 to form a ring on the rock 200 and arranging a plurality of rings to form a lining. By virtue of the assembly, joints 40 are present between the concrete elements 10. These joints are closed by the concrete element seals 50 on the rock side such that, since the sealing action thereof is greater than the groundwater pressure, no groundwater or other prevailing liquids can enter the joints 40 behind the concrete element seal 50.

[0052] Prevailing at the top side 11 of the concrete element 10, in the rock 200, is confined groundwater or groundwater which is under pressure depending on the depth of the tunnel in the ground. Said groundwater acts on the tunnel lining 300 according to the invention in the direction of the arrow A. The concrete element seal 50 is designed here such that its sealing action prevents groundwater from being able to penetrate into the joint 40 behind the concrete element seal 50. If, in the event of damage, cracks are present in the concrete 16 and/or, in the event of damage, the groundwater penetrates through the concrete 16, said groundwater prevails possibly at the bottom side 12 of the concrete element 10 on the inner side of the protective element 20. In this respect, the groundwater can move between the protective element 20 and the concrete element 10 and, depending on the design, passes in the direction of the arrow B through the spacing 15 not covered by the protective element 20 and through it passes into the joint 40, and arrives at the rear side of the protective element seal 30. Reaching the inner side of the protective element 20 is, however, not necessary. The water can also pass directly in the direction of the arrow B into the joint 40 and arrive at the rear side of the protective element seal 30.

[0053] Since, according to the invention, the sealing action of the protective element seal is smaller than the prevailing groundwater pressure/liquid pressure, the water/the liquid passes through the protective element seal 30 in the direction of the arrow C and passes into the tunnel interior space 100.

[0054] In a first embodiment of a tunnel lining 300 according to the invention, two concentrically built-up lining rings composed of concrete elements 10a, 10b (segments) (FIG. 2) are provided. The first lining ring is composed of the concrete elements 10a. Said concrete elements have a depression 14, in which a concrete element seal 50 is arranged, on their wall portions 13a. Joints 40a are present between the concrete elements 10a. The second lining ring is subsequently constructed, either after completion of the construction of the first lining ring or merely with a time delay, from concrete elements 10b which have on their bottom side 12 protective elements 20 having a protective element seal 30 as described above. Joints 40b are present between the concrete elements 10b.

[0055] After the assembly, provided between the concrete elements 10a and 10b is a concentric joint 41 which is filled with a filler material 42, preferably in a water-permeable manner.

[0056] The drainage takes place likewise as described above. There is merely one further possibility for the groundwater/the liquid to flow in the direction of the arrow D in the joint 41 through the filler material 42 to the joint 40b.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

[0057] 10 Concrete element [0058] 10a Outer concrete element [0059] 10b Inner concrete element [0060] 11 Top side [0061] 12 Bottom side [0062] 13 Wall portion [0063] 13a Outer wall portion [0064] 13b Inner wall portion [0065] 14 Depression [0066] 15 Spacing [0067] 16 Concrete [0068] 17 Retaining element [0069] 20 Protective element [0070] 21 Bottom portion [0071] 22 Wall portion [0072] 23 Wall portion [0073] 25 First portion [0074] 28 Second portion [0075] 29 Receiving region [0076] 30 Protective element seal [0077] 31 Sealing surface [0078] 32 Chamber [0079] 33 Retaining projection [0080] 40 Joint [0081] 40a Outer joint part [0082] 40b Inner joint part [0083] 41 Joint [0084] 42 Filler material [0085] 50 Concrete element seal [0086] 51 Sealing surface [0087] 52 Chamber [0088] 100 Tunnel interior [0089] 200 Rock [0090] 300 Tunnel lining [0091] A Prevailing groundwater [0092] B Direction of flow in the concrete element [0093] C Direction of outflow into the tunnel [0094] D Direction of flow in the joint 41