MULTIPLE ACCESS IN A WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Abstract

A wireless device is configured to select, from among different supported non-orthogonal multiple-access schemes, a non-orthogonal multiple-access scheme with which to perform uplink transmission. The wireless device is configured to perform this selection based on one or more selection criteria that reflect an uplink synchronization accuracy of the wireless device. The wireless device is configured to then perform uplink transmission with the selected non-orthogonal multiple-access scheme.

Claims

1. A method performed by a wireless device, the method comprising: selecting, from among different supported non-orthogonal multiple-access schemes, a non-orthogonal multiple-access scheme with which to perform uplink transmission, based on one or more selection criteria that reflect an uplink synchronization accuracy of the wireless device; and performing uplink transmission with the selected non-orthogonal multiple-access scheme.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more selection criteria dictate that different supported non-orthogonal multiple-access schemes are selected for different ranges of the uplink synchronization accuracy of the wireless device.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more selection criteria include at least one of: the uplink synchronization accuracy of the wireless device; a type of the uplink transmission to be performed; whether the wireless device has a timing advance, with which to adjust a transmit timing of the uplink transmission; and how long ago the timing advance was updated.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the uplink transmission is to be performed as part of a random access procedure, and wherein the one or more selection criteria include whether the random access procedure is one of a two-step procedure and a four-step procedure.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more selection criteria include at least one of: physical movement of the wireless device since the wireless device last received a timing advance from the radio network node; whether uplink timing of the wireless device has shifted relative to downlink timing of the wireless device without having received an updated timing advance; a speed with which the wireless device is moving; and a one of a Doppler spread and a Doppler shift for the wireless device.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising signaling the selected non-orthogonal multiple-access scheme to a radio network node to which the uplink transmission is performed.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the signaling comprises implicitly signaling the selected non-orthogonal multiple-access scheme by: selecting, from among different sets of radio resources that are respectively associated with different ones of the supported non-orthogonal multiple-access schemes, the set of radio resources that is associated with the selected non-orthogonal multiple-access scheme; and performing the uplink transmission on the selected set of radio resources.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the signaling comprises implicitly signaling the selected non-orthogonal multiple-access scheme by: selecting, from among different types of random access procedures that are respectively associated with different ones of the supported non-orthogonal multiple-access schemes, the type of random access procedure that is associated with the selected non-orthogonal multiple-access scheme; and performing the uplink transmission as part of the selected type of random access procedure.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein at least two of the different supported non-orthogonal multiple-access schemes at least one of: have different uplink synchronization accuracy requirements; and use frequency domain repetition to different degrees.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the different supported non-orthogonal multiple-access schemes include at least first and second non-orthogonal multiple-access schemes that respectively use first and second sets of spreading sequences, wherein the spreading sequences in the first set have lower cross-correlation on average than the spreading sequences in the second set for a first degree of time synchronization between the spreading sequences, and wherein the spreading sequences in the second set have lower cross-correlation on average than the spreading sequences in the first set for a second degree of time synchronization between the spreading sequences.

11. A method performed by a radio network node, the method comprising: determining with which one of multiple different supported non-orthogonal multiple-access schemes a wireless device is to perform an uplink transmission; and receiving the uplink transmission according to the determined non-orthogonal multiple-access scheme.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the determining is based on signaling received from the wireless device signaling indicating which one of the multiple different supported non-orthogonal multiple-access schemes the wireless device is to perform the uplink transmission.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the determining comprises blindly detecting which one of the multiple different supported non-orthogonal multiple-access schemes the wireless device performs the uplink transmission.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein the determining comprises determining which one of the multiple different supported non-orthogonal multiple-access schemes the wireless device performs the uplink transmission, based on at least one of: with which one of multiple different types of random access procedures the uplink transmission is performed as a part of, wherein the different types of random access procedures are respectively associated with different ones of the non-orthogonal multiple-access schemes; on which one of multiple different sets of radio resources the uplink transmission is performed, wherein the different sets of radio resources are respectively associated with different ones of the non-orthogonal multiple-access schemes; and a type of the uplink transmission, wherein different types of uplink transmissions are respectively associated with different ones of the non-orthogonal multiple-access schemes.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein at least two of the different supported non-orthogonal multiple-access schemes have different uplink synchronization accuracy requirements.

16. The method of claim 11, wherein at least two of the different supported non-orthogonal multiple-access schemes use frequency domain repetition to different degrees.

17. The method of claim 11, wherein the different supported non-orthogonal multiple-access schemes include at least first and second non-orthogonal multiple-access schemes that respectively use first and second sets of spreading sequences, wherein the spreading sequences in the first set have lower cross-correlation on average than the spreading sequences in the second set for a first degree of time synchronization between the spreading sequences, and wherein the spreading sequences in the second set have lower cross-correlation on average than the spreading sequences in the first set for a second degree of time synchronization between the spreading sequences.

18.-24. (canceled)

25. A wireless device comprising: communication circuitry; and processing circuitry configured to: select, from among different supported non-orthogonal multiple-access schemes, a non-orthogonal multiple-access scheme with which to perform uplink transmission, based on one or more selection criteria that reflect an uplink synchronization accuracy of the wireless device; and perform uplink transmission with the selected non-orthogonal multiple-access scheme.

26. (canceled)

27. A radio network node comprising: communication circuitry; and processing circuitry configured to: determine with which one of multiple different supported non-orthogonal multiple-access schemes a wireless device is to perform an uplink transmission; and receive the uplink transmission according to the determined non-orthogonal multiple-access scheme.

28. (canceled)

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0066] The absorbent articles as disclosed herein will be further explained hereinafter with reference to the appended drawings wherein:

[0067] FIG. 1 shows a view from above of an absorbent article in the form of a diaper;

[0068] FIGS. 2A-2I show different core configurations;

[0069] FIG. 3 shows a cross-section taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 2E;

[0070] FIG. 4 shows a cross-section taken along the line V-V in FIG. 2E; and

[0071] FIG. 5 shows a cross-section taken along the line VI-VI in FIG. 2E.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0072] Different aspects of the present disclosure will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the enclosed drawings. However, the embodiments disclosed herein can be realized in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the aspects set forth herein.

[0073] It is to be understood that the drawings are schematic and that individual components, such as layers of material are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0074] With initial reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is shown an absorbent article 1 in the form of a baby diaper. The absorbent article 1 is shown in FIG. 1 in an unfolded and flat state with all elastic elements in an extended state.

[0075] The absorbent article 1 is seen from the surface which will be facing a wearer's body when the article is being worn and comprises a liquid-permeable topsheet 3, a liquid-impermeable backsheet 4 and an absorbent core 5 which is sandwiched between the topsheet 3 and the backsheet 4. The topsheet 3 is arranged at the inner or wearer-facing surface of the absorbent article 1, whereas the backsheet 4 is arranged at the outer or garment-facing surface of the absorbent article 1. Furthermore, as illustrated in FIG. 1, both the topsheet 3 and the backsheet 4 may extend laterally outside of the absorbent core 5 along the entire perimeter of the absorbent article 1. Alternatively, the topsheet 3 and the backsheet 4 may be generally coextensive with the absorbent core 5 or only one of the topsheet 3 and the backsheet 4 may extend outside the perimeter of the absorbent core 5. It is also conceivable that the topsheet 3 and the backsheet 4 extend outside of the absorbent core only along parts of the perimeter of the absorbent article, such as only along the side edges or only along one or both end edges or along the side edges and only one of the end edges.

[0076] The absorbent core shown in FIG. 1 has a rectangular design. However, as set out herein, the disclosure is not limited to this design and it is to be understood that the absorbent core may have any useful shape within the scope of the invention.

[0077] The topsheet 3, backsheet 4 and the absorbent core 5 may consist of any materials suitable for their purposes, as will be discussed in further detail below.

[0078] As shown in FIG. 1, the absorbent article 1 has a longitudinal direction along a central longitudinal axis y1 and a transverse direction along a transverse axis x1, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis y1. Furthermore, the absorbent article 1 may be defined as being divided into a front portion 6 having a length l.sub.2, a back portion 7 having a length l.sub.3 and a crotch portion 8 having a length l.sub.1. The front portion 6 has a front waist edge constituting a front end edge 19 of the absorbent article 1 and the back portion 7 has a back waist edge constituting a back end edge 21 of the absorbent article 1. Leg edges are formed by longitudinally extending side edges 32,33 of the absorbent article 1. The front portion 6 is the part of the absorbent article which is intended to be oriented in a direction towards the belly of the wearer during use of the absorbent article 1 and the back portion 7 is the part of the absorbent article which is intended to be oriented in a direction towards the buttocks of the wearer.

[0079] The absorbent article 1 in FIG. 1 is an open-type diaper having front fastener tabs 23, 24 extending from the side edges 32, 33 at the front end edge 19 of the absorbent article 1 and back fastener tabs 25, 26 extending from the side edges 32, 33 at the back end edge 21 of the absorbent article 1. When putting on the absorbent article 1 on a wearer, the back fastener tabs 25, 26 are brought forward towards the wearer's belly and are attached with fastener elements 27, 28, such as hook-type fastener elements onto mating fastener elements 29, 30, such as loop-type fastener elements which are provided on the front fastener tabs 23, 24. In the diaper shown in FIG. 1, the front fastener tabs are made of loop-type material, such that no separate fastener elements need to be provided. It is to be understood that male fasteners, such as hook-type fasteners may instead be placed at the front of the article while female fasteners may be placed at the back of the article. Furthermore, the fastening arrangement may differ from that shown in the Figs. and may be of any useful kind as known in the art. Accordingly, fastener belts, girdles, adhesive fastening systems, etc. may be used. It should also be noted that the fastening system is optional to the absorbent article 1, as the article may be designed for use as an absorbent insert, worn inside a pair of supportive pants or ordinary underpants. Such articles may be provided with fastening adhesive arranged on the outer surface of the backsheet, to allow the article to be fastened inside the pants. Furthermore, the absorbent article may be a pant-type article which is provided in a pre-assembled configuration, with closed side seams. Such articles may nevertheless be provided with a fastening system, to allow the article to be opened and reclosed.

[0080] The absorbent core 5 comprises an absorbent component 50 which is sandwiched between an upper core cover side 11 and a lower core cover side 12. The core cover is a component of the absorbent article 1 which is provided in addition to the topsheet 3 and the backsheet 4. The absorbent component 50 has a front edge 52 and a back edge 22.

[0081] The absorbent component 50 comprises a coherent area 51 which is disposed forward in the absorbent article 1 with a forward part of the coherent area 51 being located in the front portion 6 and a rearward part of the coherent area 51 being located in the crotch portion 8 of the absorbent article 1 and optionally extending also into the back portion 7 of the absorbent article 1. The coherent area 51 has a front edge 52 and a back edge 53. The back portion 7 of the absorbent article 1 comprises a conformance zone 55 which is placed behind the coherent area 51 as seen in a direction towards the back end edge 21 of the absorbent article.

[0082] The coherent area 51 of the absorbent core 5 comprises oblong high density areas 60 extending in the longitudinal direction in the front portion of the coherent area 51 towards the back end edge 21 of the absorbent article 1. The oblong areas 60 are regions of the absorbent core 5 in which absorbent material has been accumulated. The number of oblong areas in FIG. 1 is 11, but may be varied as disclosed herein. The density of the absorbent material in the oblong areas 60 may be at least 130 kg/m.sup.3 and below 300 kg/m.sup.3. The oblong areas 60 have a width of 3-30 mm, such as 5-20 mm. The oblong areas 60 is delimited longitudinally by low density areas of absorbent material. The low density areas may have a width of less than 5 mm and more than 0.5 mm. The density of the absorbent material in the low density areas may be less than 50 kg/m.sup.3.

[0083] The conformance zone comprises a plurality of absorbent clusters 56. The absorbent clusters 56 may have any suitable shape such as a circular, oval or polygonal shape. The absorbent clusters may all have the same size and shape or may differ in size or shape or may differ both in size and shape.

[0084] In FIG. 1, the plurality of absorbent clusters 56 are shown as a plurality of generally circular accumulations of absorbent material which are arranged in a staggered pattern over a triangular area 57 of the absorbent component 50. The number of absorbent clusters 56 in the transverse direction of the conformance zone 55 decreases gradually in a direction towards the back edge 22 of the absorbent component 50.

[0085] The conformance zone 55 as shown in FIG. 1 is non-contiguous with the coherent area 51 of the absorbent component 50 as the conformance zone 55 is arranged at a distance from the coherent area 51. The triangular area 57 in which the absorbent clusters 56 are arranged has its base 58 arranged at a distance from the back edge 53 of the coherent area 51 and its tip 59 arranged on the central longitudinal axis y1 of the absorbent article and facing the back end edge 21 of the absorbent article 1.

[0086] Alternatively, the conformance zone may be contiguous with the coherent area of the core component. Such configurations are disclosed in the non-limiting examples illustrated in FIGS. 2D, 2E, 2F and 2H which show at least one of the absorbent clusters extending continuously in the longitudinal direction from the back edge 53 of the coherent area 51.

[0087] In the absorbent article 1 as shown in FIG. 1, the conformance zone 55 is enclosed by the upper and lower sides of the core cover 11, 12 and forms part of the absorbent component 50. The planar shape and size of the absorbent component is defined by the planar shape and size of the core cover. As disclosed herein, the core cover may be formed by two separate sheets of material which are sealed at least along their longitudinally extending side edges and optionally also along one or both of the transversely extending end edges. Alternatively, the core cover may be formed by a bi-folded sheet of material which may be folded in the longitudinal direction and sealed at least along the side edges which are opposite to the fold.

[0088] As illustrated in the figures, the absorbent clusters 56 may be evenly distributed in the transverse and/or in the longitudinal direction of the absorbent article 1. FIGS. 1, 2A, 2B, 2E and 2G show conformance zones 55 having absorbent clusters 56 which are evenly distributed both in the transverse and in the longitudinal direction. FIGS. 2C, 2D, 2F and 2H show conformance zones 55 having absorbent clusters 56 which are evenly distributed in the transverse direction. In all of the absorbent components illustrated in the figures, the conformance zone 55 is symmetrically orientated in relation to the longitudinal axis of the absorbent component 50 and, thus, of the absorbent article 1.

[0089] The coherent area 51 of the absorbent component 50 which is shown in FIG. 1 comprises oblong areas 60 extending in the longitudinal direction in a front portion of the coherent area 51.

[0090] The density of absorbent material may be higher in the oblong areas 60 than in the plurality of absorbent clusters 56 in the conformance zone 55 in the back portion 7 of the absorbent article 1.

[0091] The absorbent component 50 which is shown in FIG. 1 is formed with two longitudinally extending and generally straight sealed channels 9,10 in which the upper core cover side 11 is joined to the lower core cover side 12 by seals extending along the sealed channels 9,10. The seals may be provided as bond lines consisting of bonding elements arranged in a bond pattern. A width of each bond line may be less than a width of the corresponding sealed channel 9, 10 in which the bond line is arranged. Thereby, a slack is formed in the core cover material between the edge of the bond line and the edge of the sealed channel in which the bond line is placed. Such slack may be provided to allow expansion room for the absorbent material arranged on either side of the bond lines. The slack may be smaller on the inner side of each sealed channel 9,10 which is facing towards the centre of the absorbent article, and larger on the outer side of each sealed channel 9,10 which is facing towards the side edges of the absorbent article 1.

[0092] As set out herein, the disclosure is not limited to a core wrap comprising two core cover layers. The core cover may be of one single material layer. The absorbent component may be enclosed by one core cover layer folded in two, or enclosed by a continuous core cover sheet, thereby providing upper and lower core cover sides for wrapping the absorbent component.

[0093] The upper core cover side 11 and the lower core cover side 12 may be attached to each other by any useful means as known in the art, for example, by thermo-mechanical bonding, such as thermo-sealing, ultrasonic bonding, an adhesive or adhesives, stitching or the like, or combinations of the same.

[0094] The sealed channels 9,10 constitute sections of the absorbent component 50 which are free from absorbent material. Absorbent free channels may be obtained by manufacturing the absorbent component 50 using a mat forming process during which absorbent material is omitted from the areas which correspond to the sealed channels 9,10. In this manner, no absorbent material will be present in the sealed channels 9,10. The presence of absorbent material in the sealed channels 9,10 may negatively influence the strength of the seals between the upper and lower core cover sides 11, 12 and should be avoided.

[0095] As shown in FIG. 1, the absorbent component 50 may be divided into a stiffening segment 13 located centrally in the crotch portion 8 between the sealed channels 9,10 and two side segments 14a, 14b in the crotch portion 8. The sealed channels 9,10 are consequently configured so that they separate the three segments 13, 14a, 14b from each other in the crotch area 8.

[0096] The absorbent component 50 may be generally rectangular and may comprise two generally straight sealed channels 9, 10 which extend generally parallel to the longitudinal axis y1. The seals joining the upper and lower core cover sides 11, 12 have a corresponding first channel sealing width w1 and a second channel sealing width w2. The disclosure is not limited to a rectangular absorbent component 50 and generally straight sealed channels 9, 10, i.e. other geometrical configurations may be used.

[0097] Furthermore, the stiffening segment 13 is defined in the absorbent component 50 between the sealed channels 9, 10. The two side segments 14a, 14b are defined in the absorbent component 50 outside each sealed channel 9, 10. More precisely, the first side segment 14a is positioned between the first sealed channel 9 and a first side seam 15, whereas the second side segment 14b is positioned between the second sealed channel 10 and a second side seam 16. The side seams 15, 16 are configured for joining the upper core cover side 11 to the lower core cover side 12, suitably by means of ultrasonic welding or other relevant technologies as described above with reference to the seals joining the upper cover side 11 and the lower cover side 12 in the sealed channels 9, 10. Furthermore, the side seams 15, 16 extend along each side of the absorbent component 50, inward of and along a first side edge 17 and a second side edge 18 of the absorbent component 50.

[0098] As mentioned, the length l1 of the crotch portion 8 may be equal to the length of the sealed channels 9, 10, i.e. the sealed channels 9, 10 may be arranged only in the crotch portion 8. However, the side seams 15, 16 may not just be positioned along the crotch portion 8 but may also extend into the front portion 6 and/or the back portion 7 as set out in more detail below.

[0099] The absorbent article 1 in FIG. 1 also has leg elastic elements 30,31 extending along each longitudinal side edge 32,33 of the absorbent article 1. The leg elastic elements 30,31 have a greater length in the longitudinal direction than the length of the sealed channels 9, 10 in the longitudinal direction. Accordingly, the leg elastic elements have an extension not only in the crotch portion 8 but also in a part of the front portion 6 and the back portion 7. The leg elastic elements 30, 31 have a greater extension in the back portion 7 than in the front portion 6, as seen in FIG. 1.

[0100] The absorbent article 1 also has a waist elastic element 34 located in the back portion 7 close to the back end edge 21 of the absorbent article 1. It is to be understood that also the front end edge 19 may be provided with waist elastic, if desired.

[0101] The leg elastic elements and the waist elastic element are optional features of an absorbent article as disclosed herein.

[0102] As disclosed herein, the absorbent component 50 is formed with a sealing arrangement which is constituted by the two sealed channels 9, 10 and the two side seams 15, 16. The sealing arrangement is configured so that, in the crotch portion 8, the absorbent component 50 is divided into a centrally arranged stiffening segment 13 and two side segments 14a, 14b.

[0103] As disclosed herein, the absorbent material may comprise a mixture of cellulose pulp material and superabsorbent material. The absorbent component 50 may be configured so that the total amount of absorbent material of the stiffening segment 13 between the sealed channels 9, 10 is generally equal to or greater than the amount of absorbent material in either one of the side segments 14a, 14b between each sealed channel 9, 10 and the corresponding side seam 15, 16. This means that the available space for expansion of the absorbent material in the stiffening segment 13, as the absorbent article 1 becomes wet as it absorbs liquid during use, is less than a corresponding available expansion space for each side segment 14a, 14b. This will lead to a situation in which the stiffening segment 13 will be stiffer than the side segments 14a, 14b when the absorbent article is in its wet condition. The stiffened central stiffening segment 13 counteracts the tendency of the wet article to sag and hang down in the crotch portion 8.

[0104] The expression “generally equal” as used above for describing the amount of absorbent material in the stiffening segment 13 as compared with the side segments 14a, 14b should be understood as allowing for slight variations in the amount of absorbent material in the order of approximately ±5% in any part of the crotch portion 8.

[0105] A width of the stiffening segment 13 may be defined between the sealed channels 9, 10 and a width of the absorbent component 50 may be defined between the first and second side edges 17, 18 of the absorbent component 50. The ratio of the width of the stiffening segment 13 and the width of the absorbent component 50 may be in the range of from 0.25 to 0.45.

[0106] As disclosed herein, various types of materials may be used for the absorbent article 1. The topsheet 3 which is arranged to face the wearer of the absorbent article 1 when the article is being worn may comprise or consist of a fluid permeable nonwoven fabric, film, mesh or foam. The topsheet may be made from thermoplastic material, such as thermoplastic synthetic fibers, film or netting. The topsheet 3 may be sufficiently liquid-permeable to allow discharged body fluids to penetrate through the thickness of the topsheet 3. Also, the topsheet 3 may suitably be manufactured from a material which is compliant and soft-feeling to the skin of the wearer. The topsheet 3 may consist of a single layer or may have a laminate structure comprising a plurality of layers, for example, two or more layers. The layers may be made of the same material, or some or all of the layers may be made of different materials.

[0107] The layer of the topsheet 3 or, for the case of a laminate structure, one, some, or all layers of the topsheet may be made of a single web of material or may have portions made of different materials, e.g., within different parts of the wearer-facing surface of the topsheet.

[0108] The layer of the topsheet 3 or, for the case of a laminate structure, one, some or all layers of the topsheet may be a nonwoven material, a perforated plastic film, a plastic or textile mesh, or a liquid permeable foam layer. The layer of the topsheet 3 or, for the case of a laminate structure, one, some or all of the layers of the topsheet may be, for example, a hydrophilic, non-apertured nonwoven web of fibers, such as natural fibers, e.g., cotton or pulp fibers, synthetic fibers, e.g., polyester or polypropylene fibers, or a combination of these fibers. The topsheet may have a basis weight in the range of 8-40 g/m.sup.2. However, the disclosure is not limited to topsheets having this basis weight.

[0109] Furthermore, the backsheet 4 may be constituted by a liquid-impermeable layer such as a polymeric film, for example a film of polyethylene or polypropylene. The backsheet 4 may be breathable. The materials which may be used for the backsheet 4 include thin and flexible fluid impermeable plastic films, or fluid impermeable nonwoven materials, fluid impermeable foams and fluid impermeable laminates. The backsheet 4 may be formed by a single layer, but may alternatively be formed by a multi-layered structure, i.e. a laminate, wherein at least one layer is fluid impermeable. Furthermore, the backsheet 4 may be elastic in any direction. Furthermore, the backsheet 4 may have a laminate structure comprising a liquid barrier sheet and a nonwoven layer arranged on top of each other (not shown in detail in the drawings), wherein the nonwoven layer is arranged at an outer side away from the wearer of the absorbent article 1 when worn.

[0110] The nonwoven layer may be made of thermoplastic polymer material fibers or filaments. The nonwoven layer may be formed by any of a variety of different processes, such as spunbonding, airlaying, meltblowing or bonded carded web formation processes. The nonwoven layer may be made of an SMS (spunbond/meltblown/spunbond) or SS (spunbond/spunbond) nonwoven material of polypropylene or bicomponent fibers of polypropylene and polyethylene, or of a combination of such materials. The nonwoven layer may have a basis weight in the range of 5-40 g/m.sup.2.

[0111] The liquid barrier sheet may be made of a plastic material, for example a thermoplastic film material, and/or a nonwoven material. For example, the liquid barrier sheet may be formed as a plastic layer, e.g., a thermoplastic layer, or a plastic film, e.g., a thermoplastic film. Forming the liquid barrier sheet of a plastic material, such as a thermoplastic film material, allows for a particularly good printability of the liquid barrier sheet. The liquid barrier sheet may also contain paper fibers. The liquid barrier sheet may be a liquid impermeable, breathable or non-breathable layer. The liquid barrier sheet may consist of a single layer or have a laminate structure with a plurality of layers, e.g., two or more layers, three or more layers, or four or more layers. The layers of the liquid barrier sheet may be laminated, bonded or attached to each other, for example, by thermo and/or mechanical bonding, such as thermo-sealing, ultrasonic bonding, such as ultrasonic welding, an adhesive or adhesives, stitching or the like. The liquid barrier sheet may be a breathable microporous film. The microporous film may be made of a material comprising at least two basic components, namely a thermoplastic elastomeric polyolefin polymer and a filler. These components and, in some embodiments, additional other components may be mixed together, heated and subsequently extruded into a mono-layer or multi-layer film using any one of various film-producing processes, such as cast embossed, chill and flat cast, and blown film processes.

[0112] Regarding the choice of materials for the various layers in the absorbent article, the materials may be chosen with consideration for the bonding processes used when forming seals in between components of the absorbent article, such the seals in the sealed channels and the side seams. For example, if ultrasonic welding is chosen for joining the upper and lower core cover sides, the materials for the core cover may be chosen such that they can form a secure bond during ultrasonic welding, e.g. by at least one of the upper and lower side of the core cover comprising or consisting of thermoplastic polymer material.

[0113] The absorbent core 5, includes the absorbent component 50 and may include further absorbent components such as components which provide liquid acquisition and liquid distribution. The absorbent core is disposed between the topsheet 3 and the backsheet 4 to absorb the liquid, such as urine or other bodily fluids, which has passed through the topsheet 3. The absorbent component 50 may be a single-layer structure or may be a layered structure, e.g. within the coherent area. The absorbent component 50 may comprise suitable amounts of superabsorbent material. Such superabsorbent material is well known in the field of absorbent articles, and is constituted by a water-swellable and water-insoluble material which is capable of absorbing large quantities of fluid upon formation of a hydrogel. The absorbent component may contain superabsorbent material in the form of fibers or particles of absorbent polymer material. For example, the superabsorbent material may be surface cross-linked, partially neutralized polyacrylates. The superabsorbent material, e.g., the superabsorbent fibers or particles, may be mixed with other absorbent or liquid uptake material or materials, such as cellulose fluff pulp, and/or arranged in pockets or layers in the absorbent component 50. The amount of superabsorbent material and pulp in the absorbent component 50 may be from 0 to 50 weight % pulp fibers and from 50 to 100 weight % superabsorbent material, or from 0 to 30 weight % pulp fibers and from 70 to 100 weight % superabsorbent material.

[0114] The absorbent component 50 may further comprise components for improving properties of the absorbent core 5, such as core integrity and strength. For example, the absorbent component 50 may comprise a binder or binders, such as binder fibers. Resilient fibers, chemically stiffened fibers, etc. may be present in the absorbent component to counteract wet-collapse of cellulosic fibers. Such fibers may also be useful in retaining a fluid transporting capillary network in the absorbent component so that absorbent fluid may be distributed in the absorbent component and be absorbed by superabsorbent material also in parts of the absorbent component outside the initial wetting area of the absorbent article.

[0115] The core cover 11,12 may be formed by a separate upper core cover 11 layer and a separate lower core cover 12 layer. However, the disclosure is not limited to a core cover comprising two separate core cover layers. The core cover 11,12 may also be made of one single material layer. The absorbent component 50 may be enclosed by one core cover 11,12 layer which is folded in two and sealed along the open edges, or may be enclosed by a continuous, tubular core cover sheet, thereby providing upper 11 and lower core cover 12 sides for wrapping the absorbent component 5a,5b,5c. The basis weight of the core cover 11,12 material may be in the interval of from 5 g/m.sup.2 to 20 g/m.sup.2. The core cover 11,12 material may be made of thermoplastic polymer material. The core cover material may be nonwoven material. The nonwoven material may be made of thermoplastic polymer material fibers or filaments. The nonwoven layer may be formed by a variety of different processes, such as spunbonding, airlaying, meltblowing or bonded carded web formation processes. The nonwoven layer may be made of an SMS (spunbond/meltblown/spunbond) or SS (spunbond/spunbond) nonwoven material of polypropylene or bicomponent fibers of polypropylene and polyethylene, or of a combination of such materials.

[0116] Furthermore, the various layers and components of the absorbent article 1 may be attached by means of adhesive material, as known in the art. Such adhesive is not shown in the drawings.

[0117] One or more additional layers may be provided in the absorbent article 1. For example, an acquisition layer may be arranged between the absorbent component 50 and the topsheet 3. Such an additional layer may for example be in the form of an airlaid layer, a spunlace layer, a high-loft fiber material, an open-cell or perforated foam or any other type of material layer or combination of layers which may be used in an absorbent article to act as a liquid handling layer providing functions such as liquid acquisition, liquid absorption and liquid distribution. A liquid acquisition layer is adapted to quickly receive and temporarily store discharged liquid before the liquid can be absorbed by the absorbent component. Such acquisition layer may be composed of for example airlaid nonwoven, spunlace nonwoven, high loft nonwoven or foam materials. An airlaid nonwoven may be produced wood pulp fluff fibers which are dispersed and suspended in a fast-moving air stream and condensed onto a moving screen by means of pressure and vacuum.

[0118] With reference to FIG. 1, each sealed channel 9, 10 may have a length l1 which corresponds to the longitudinal extension of the crotch portion 8. Each one of the sealed channels 9, 10 may have a length l1 which is between 5-50%, such as 10-50%, such as 28-38%, of the total length l of the absorbent article 1. Furthermore, each channel sealing 9, 10 may have a length l1 which is between 10-60%, such as between 20-60%, such as between 30-50%, of the length of the absorbent component 50.

[0119] A further parameter is the positioning of the sealed channels 9, 10 in the longitudinal direction of the absorbent article 1.

[0120] The position of the sealed channels 9, 10 in the longitudinal direction of the absorbent article 1 may be chosen so that each channel 9, 10 terminate at a distance from the front end edge 19 of the article 1 which is between 15-40%, such as between 22-25%, of the total length l of the article 1.

[0121] Furthermore, the topsheet may comprise at least one additive material such as a skin care composition. The additive may be located on parts of the topsheet which are disposed along the longitudinal side edges 32, 33 of the absorbent article 1 and/or along the longitudinal side edges 17, 18 of the absorbent component 50. An advantage with such placement of the additive material, is that as the parts of the absorbent article 1 which are arranged along the side edges normally will be closer to the body of the wearer of the absorbent article 1 than a longitudinally central part of the absorbent article 1, the skin care benefits of the additive may be obtained without the additive interfering with fluid acquisition through the topsheet 3 in the central part of the absorbent article 1.

[0122] FIGS. 2A-2I illustrate absorbent components 50 having different combinations of features. The absorbent components 50 shown in the examples of FIGS. 2A-2I should not be considered to be limiting to the absorbent articles as disclosed herein, as it should be understood that one or more features of the coherent area 51 in any one of FIGS. 2A-2I can be freely combined with features of the conformance zone 55 in any other of FIGS. 2A-2I. Furthermore, it is to be understood that the absorbent component may have uniform composition, such as a uniform mixture of cellulose fluff pulp and superabsorbent material or may be composed of sub-layers having different composition. The absorbent component may have different composition in different zones of the area of the absorbent component or of the area of any sub-layer in the absorbent component.

[0123] The absorbent components 50 in FIGS. 2A-2I may be used in the absorbent article in FIG. 1 or in any other absorbent article as disclosed herein.

[0124] With reference to FIG. 2A, the coherent area 51 of the absorbent component 50 is a layer of absorbent material having uniform thickness. Two sealed channels 9, 10 are arranged in the coherent area 51, as disclosed herein. The sealed channels 9, 10 may optionally be supplemented by side seals as disclosed herein. The conformance zone 55 is a non-contiguous conformance zone 55 which is composed of circular absorbent clusters 56 arranged in a regular, evenly distributed pattern over a rectangular area of the absorbent component 50.

[0125] With reference to FIG. 2B, the coherent area 51 of the absorbent component 50 is a layer of absorbent material having oblong areas 60 arranged therein. The oblong areas 60 extend generally all the way from the front edge 52 of the coherent area 51 to the back edge 53 of the coherent area 51. Two sealed channels 9, 10 are arranged in the coherent area 51, as disclosed herein. The sealed channels 9, 10 may optionally be supplemented by side seals as disclosed herein. The conformance zone 55 is a non-contiguous conformance zone 55 which is composed of circular absorbent clusters 56 arranged in a regular, evenly distributed pattern over a triangular area of the absorbent component 50.

[0126] With reference to FIG. 2C, the coherent area 51 of the absorbent component 50 is a layer of absorbent material having uniform thickness. Two sealed channels 9, 10 are arranged in the coherent area 51, as disclosed herein. The sealed channels 9, 10 may optionally be supplemented by side seals as disclosed herein. The conformance zone 55 is a non-contiguous conformance zone 55 which is composed of rod-shaped absorbent clusters 56 arranged spaced apart in the transverse direction and in parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction over a rectangular area of the absorbent component 50.

[0127] With reference to FIG. 2D, the coherent area 51 of the absorbent component 50 is a layer of absorbent material having uniform thickness. The conformance zone 55 is a contiguous conformance zone 55 which is composed of rod-shaped absorbent clusters 56 arranged spaced apart in the transverse direction and in parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction over a rectangular area of the absorbent component 50. The rod-shaped absorbent clusters 56 extend in the longitudinal direction from the back edge 53 of the coherent area 51 and form continuations of the coherent area 51. Hence, the back edge 53 of the coherent area 51 constitutes a straight base-line from which the rod-shaped absorbent clusters 56 extend in a direction towards the back end edge (not shown in the figure) of the absorbent article.

[0128] With reference to FIG. 2E, the coherent area 51 of the absorbent component 50 is a layer of absorbent material having oblong areas 60 arranged therein. The oblong areas 60 extend in the front portion of the coherent area 51, generally from the front edge 52 of the coherent area 51 to the front ends of two sealed channels 9, 10 which are arranged in the coherent area 51, as disclosed herein. The sealed channels 9, 10 may optionally be supplemented by side seals as disclosed herein. The conformance zone 55 is a contiguous conformance zone 55 which is composed of circular absorbent clusters 56 arranged in a regular, evenly distributed pattern over a triangular area of the absorbent component 50. The back edge 53 of the coherent area 51 is non-linear and may be seen as a straight baseline from which evenly distributed protrusions deviate in a direction towards the back end edge of the absorbent article. The protrusions on the back edge 53 of the coherent area 51 are in the form of semi-circles extending longitudinally away from the front end edge of the absorbent article 1 and towards the back end edge of the absorbent article. Hence, the protrusions may be seen as half absorbent clusters 56, which are continuous with the coherent area 51.

[0129] FIG. 3 shows a cross-section taken along the line IV-IV in the front portion of the absorbent component 50 shown in FIG. 2E. The oblong areas 60 are shown as thickened regions of the absorbent component 50. After formation of the absorbent component 50 in a forming mold, the absorbent component 50 will usually be compacted between two compaction rolls. As the amount of absorbent material is greater in the oblong areas 60, the density of the absorbent component 50 will generally be higher within the oblong areas 60 than in the areas of the absorbent component 50 located between and outside the oblong areas 60 unless measures are taken to avoid compaction of the material in the oblong areas 60.

[0130] FIG. 4 shows a cross-section taken along the line V-V in the crotch portion of the absorbent component 50 shown in FIG. 2E. The absorbent component 50 which is shown has two longitudinally extending and generally straight sealed channels 9,10 in which the upper core cover side 11 is joined to the lower core cover side 12 by seals 9′, 10′ extending along the sealed channels 9,10, at the bottom of the sealed channels 9,10. The seals 9′, 10′ may be provided as bond lines consisting of bonding elements arranged in a bond pattern. A width of each bond line may be less than a width of the corresponding sealed channel 9, 10 in which the bond line is arranged. Thereby, a slack is formed in the core cover material between the edge of the bond line and the edge of the sealed channel in which the bond line is placed. Such slack may be provided to allow expansion room for the absorbent material arranged on either side of the bond lines. The slack may be smaller on the inner side of each sealed channel 9,10 which is facing towards the centre of the absorbent article, and larger on the outer side of each sealed channel 9,10 which is facing towards the side edges of the absorbent article 1.

[0131] Furthermore, a stiffening segment 13 is defined in the absorbent component 50 between the sealed channels 9, 10. Two side segments 14a, 14b are defined in the absorbent component 50 outside each sealed channel 9, 10, between the sealed channel 9,10 and a corresponding side seam 15, 16. Accordingly, the first side segment 14a is positioned between the first sealed channel 9 and a first side seam 15, whereas the second side segment 14b is positioned between the second sealed channel 10 and a second side seam 16. The side seams 15, 16 are configured for joining the upper core cover side 11 to the lower core cover side 12, suitably by means of ultrasonic welding, heat sealing, or the like.

[0132] As shown in FIG. 4, the absorbent component 50 is divided into a stiffening segment 13 located between the sealed channels 9,10 and two side segments 14a, 14b on either side of the stiffening segment 13.

[0133] FIG. 5 shows a cross-section taken through the conformance zone 55 along the line VI-VI in FIG. 2E. Three absorbent clusters 56 are shown in FIG. 5. The absorbent clusters 56 are constituted by accumulations of absorbent material, such as a mixture of pulp fibers and superabsorbent material which are separated by thinner portions of absorbent material. As disclosed herein, the absorbent clusters may alternatively be completely separated by absorbent free channels between the absorbent clusters. The absorbent clusters may have a smaller thickness and a lesser density than the coherent area of the in the crotch portion of the absorbent component. In particular, the absorbent clusters may have a smaller thickness and a lesser density than the oblong high density areas.

[0134] With reference to FIG. 2F, the coherent area 51 of the absorbent component 50 is a layer of absorbent material having uniform thickness. The conformance zone 55 is a contiguous conformance zone 55 which is composed of rod-shaped absorbent clusters 56 arranged spaced apart in the transverse direction and in parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction over a triangular area of the absorbent component 50. The rod-shaped absorbent clusters 56 extend in the longitudinal direction from the back edge 53 of the coherent area 51 and form continuations of the coherent area 51. Hence, the back edge 53 of the coherent area 51 constitutes a straight base-line from which the rod-shaped absorbent clusters 56 extend in a direction towards the back end edge (not shown in the figure) of the absorbent article.

[0135] With reference to FIG. 2G, the coherent area 51 of the absorbent component 50 is a layer of absorbent material having oblong high density areas 60 arranged therein. The oblong areas 60 extend generally all the way from the front edge 52 of the coherent area 51 to the back edge 53 of the coherent area 51. The conformance zone 55 is a non-contiguous conformance zone 55 which is composed of circular absorbent clusters 56 arranged in a regular, evenly distributed pattern over a triangular area of the absorbent component 50.

[0136] With reference to FIG. 2H, the coherent area 51 of the absorbent component 50 is a layer of absorbent material having oblong high density areas 60 arranged therein. The oblong areas 60 extend in the front portion of the coherent area 51, generally from the front edge 52 of the coherent area 51 to the front ends of two sealed channels 9, 10 which are arranged in the coherent area 51, as disclosed herein. When comparing the absorbent component 50 of FIG. 2H with the absorbent component 50 of FIG. 2E, it can be seen that the oblong areas 60 in FIG. 2H occupy a relatively smaller area of the absorbent component 50 than in the absorbent component 50 shown in FIG. 2E. Instead, the sealed channels 9 10 in FIG. 2H are longer than the sealed channels in FIG. 2E. The sealed channels 9, 10 may optionally be supplemented by side seals as disclosed herein. The conformance zone 55 is a contiguous conformance zone 55 which is composed of rod-shaped absorbent clusters 56 arranged spaced apart in the transverse direction and in parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction over a triangular area of the absorbent component 50. The rod-shaped absorbent clusters 56 extend in the longitudinal direction from the back edge 53 of the coherent area 51 and form continuations of the coherent area 51. Hence, the back edge 53 of the coherent area 51 constitutes a straight base-line from which the rod-shaped absorbent clusters 56 extend in a direction towards the back end edge (not shown in the figure) of the absorbent article.

[0137] With reference to FIG. 2I, the coherent area 51 of the absorbent component 50 is a layer of absorbent material having uniform thickness. The conformance zone 55 is a contiguous conformance zone 55 which is composed of a set of rod-shaped absorbent clusters 56′ arranged spaced apart in the transverse direction and in parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction over a first, rectangular area of the absorbent component 50. Only two centrally arranged rod-shaped absorbent clusters 56′ extend in the longitudinal direction from the back edge 53 of the coherent area 51 and form continuations of the coherent area 51. The rod-shaped absorbent clusters 56′ on each side of the central rod-shaped absorbent clusters are detached from the coherent area 56. Furthermore, the back edge 53 of the coherent area 51 constitutes a curved base-line from which the two centrally arranged rod-shaped absorbent clusters 56′ extend in a direction towards the back end edge (not shown in the figure) of the absorbent article. A second set of absorbent clusters 56″, having a circular shape are arranged in a regular, evenly distributed pattern over a generally D-shaped area of the absorbent component 50. The second set of circular absorbent clusters 56″ is placed further away from the back edge 53 of the coherent area 51 than the first set of rod-shaped absorbent clusters 56′.

[0138] As illustrated by the Figures, the plurality of absorbent clusters 56 in the conformance zone 55 may comprise rod shaped clusters 56, 56′, the rod shaped clusters 56, 56′ being arranged parallel to each other or generally parallel to each other in the longitudinal direction of the absorbent article 1. The rod-shaped clusters 56 may be distributed in the transverse direction over a triangular area of the absorbent core 5, the triangular area having its base arranged at the back edge 53 of the coherent area 51 and its tip arranged on the central longitudinal axis y1 of the absorbent article and facing the back end edge of the absorbent article 1.

[0139] The back edge 53 of the coherent area 51 may be non-linear, as shown in FIGS. 2E and 2I.

[0140] As disclosed herein, the absorbent article 1 may be provided with components such as elastic barrier cuffs, elastic side panels, skin care agents, odour control material and other components which are commonly used in absorbent articles such as for example baby diapers or incontinence garments. Such additional components are well known in the art and are not described in further detail here.

[0141] The disclosure may be varied within the scope of the appended claims. For example, the materials and dimensions used for the different layers forming the absorbent article 1 may be varied, as indicated above. The absorbent article may further include standing gathers, side panels, fastening systems etc as known sealed channels 9, 10 in the art and depending of the type of absorbent article intended.