REWINDING MACHINE AND METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE SPEED OF THE MOTORS IN A REWINDING MACHINE

Abstract

The rewinding machine (1) comprises: a winding station (3) with winding members (5, 7) operated by winding motors In (8.1, 8.2); an unwinder (31.1, 31.2) with an unwinding member (35.1, 35.2) operated by at least one unwinding motor (38.1, 38.2); guide roller (43.1, 43.2) along a feed path (P) of the web material (N, N2). There is associated with the guide roller (43.1, 43.2) at least one load sensor (42.1, 42.2), adapted to detect a parameter proportional to the tension of the web material (N; N2) guided around the guide roller (43.1, 43.2). There is also provided a control unit (71) adapted to modulate a difference in speed between the winding members (5, 7) and the unwinding member (35.1, 35.2) as a function of a signal coming from the load sensor (42.1, 42.2).

Claims

1. A rewinding machine for unwinding primary reels of a web material and rewinding said web material in secondary reels, comprising: a winding station with winding members operated by at least one winding motor; at least one unwinder with at least one unwinding member operated by at least one unwinding motor; at least one guide roller along a feed path of the web material; at least one load sensor associated with the guide roller, the load sensor being adapted to detect a parameter proportional to the tension of the web material guided around the guide roller; and a control unit adapted to modulate a difference in speed between the winding members and the unwinding member as a function of a signal from the load sensor.

2. The rewinding machine of claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured: to vary the speed of the unwinding member, and therefore of the primary reel in the unwinder, as a function of the signal of the load sensor, so as to maintain the tension in the web material around a desired value.

3. The rewinding of claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to perform a winding cycle of secondary reels of web material coming from a primary reel comprising: an acceleration ramp from an initial speed to an operating speed, a winding step at operating speed, and a deceleration ramp from the operating speed to a final speed; and wherein the control unit is adapted to modulate the difference in speed between the winding members and the unwinding member as a function of the signal coming from the load sensor during at least one of said acceleration ramp and said deceleration ramp.

4. The rewinding of claim 3, wherein the initial speed and the final speed arc equal to zero.

5. The rewinding of claim 1, wherein the control unit is configured to vary the speed of the unwinding member, and therefore of the primary reel in the unwinder, as a function of the signal of the load sensor, so as to maintain the tension in the web material around a desired value that is a function of at least one of: a characteristic of the web material; a winding speed of the web material.

6. The rewinding of claim 5, wherein the desired value is a function of the winding speed and is higher for higher speeds and lower for lower speeds.

7. The rewinding of claim 1, further comprising a cutting device adapted to divide the web material into a plurality of strips, and wherein the winding station is adapted to wind the single strips in respective secondary reels placed side by side to one another.

8. The rewinding of claim 1, wherein the guide roller, with which said at least one load sensor is associated, is motorized.

9. A method for rewinding a web material, comprising the steps of: unwinding a primary reel of web material comprising at least one ply of tissue paper by means of at least one unwinding member controlled by an unwinding motor; winding the web material in a winding station by means of at least one winding motor and forming at least one secondary reel in the winding station; detecting a parameter function of the tension of the web material along the path between the unwinding member and the winding station; and controlling the difference between the speed of the winding motor and of the unwinding motor as a function of said parameter.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein said parameter is a signal of a load sensor associated with at least one guide roller around which the web material is guided.

11. The method of claim 9, comprising the step of modulating the speed of at least one of said unwinding motor and winding motor to maintain the tension of the web material around a given value.

12. The method of claim 9, comprising the steps of: winding the web material at a winding speed; modulating the unwinding speed as a function of said parameter to maintain the tension of the web material around a given value.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the given value is a function of at least one of: a parameter of the web material, the winding speed; and wherein preferably the given value is higher for higher winding speeds and lower for lower winding speeds.

14. The method of claim 9, comprising the steps of: inserting at least one winding core (A) into the winding station; performing an acceleration ramp of the web material coming from a primary reel in the unwinder from an initial speed to an operating speed while winding the web material in at least one secondary reel in the winding station; performing winding of the web material round said at least one winding core (A) at the operating speed; performing a deceleration ramp from the operating speed to a final speed; interrupting the web material; removing said at least one secondary reel from the winding station.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the initial speed and the final speed arc equal to zero.

16. The method of claim 14, comprising the step of modulating the speed of the unwinder as a function of the parameter detected during at least one of said acceleration ramp and said deceleration ramp.

17. The method of claim 9, comprising the step of dividing the web material into a plurality of strips, and winding the single strips in respective secondary reels placed side by side to one another in the winding station.

18. The rewinder of claim 1, wherein the web material is a tissue paper web.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The invention will be better understood by following the description and the accompanying drawings, which illustrate an exemplifying and non-limiting embodiment of the invention. More particularly, in the drawings:

[0032] FIG. 1 shows a diagram of an example of rewinding machine according to the invention;

[0033] FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of a web material that is divided into strips to form secondary reels wound in the rewinding machine;

[0034] FIG. 3 shows a microphotograph of a section of tissue paper;

[0035] FIG. 4 shows a speed diagram of the winding cycles;

[0036] FIG. 5 shows a diagram of an unwinder in a variant of embodiment;

[0037] FIGS. 6(A)-6(E) show diagrams of alternative positionings of the load cells; and

[0038] FIG. 7 shows a diagram of an unwinder in a further embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0039] The following detailed description of embodiments given by way of example refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers in different drawings identify identical or similar elements. Moreover, the drawings are not necessarily to scale. The following detailed description does not limit the invention. Rather, the scope of the invention is defined by the accompanying claims.

[0040] Reference in the description to “an embodiment” or “the embodiment” or “some embodiments” means that a particular feature, structure or element described in relation to an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the object described. Therefore, the phrase “in an embodiment” or “in the embodiment” or “in some embodiments” used in the description does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or embodiments. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or elements may be combined in any appropriate manner in one or more embodiments.

[0041] With initial reference to the embodiment of FIG. 1, a rewinder 1 comprises a winding station or assembly 3, in which a web material N, unwound from a primary reel BP or parent reel, is wound on one or more secondary reels BS. The feed path of the web material N toward the winding station 3 is indicated with P. The web material N is typically and in particular a continuous web or sheet of tissue paper, consisting of one or more plies placed one on top of the other. The web material N can be fed from a single primary reel BP, which can comprise a single ply or several plies wound together. In other embodiments, two or more plies can be fed from two or more primary reels unwound in the same number of stations of an unwinder or in several unwinders in sequence. The diagram of FIG. 1 illustrates two unwinders, as described in greater detail hereunder. The direction of feed of the web material N is indicated with F. The secondary reels BS form around tubular winding cores A (FIG. 2) arranged in the winding station 3.

[0042] The overall structure of the rewinder 1 can be of a type know per se; therefore, only the main parts, useful for understanding the present invention, will be described.

[0043] More in particular, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 the rewinder 1 is a rewinder-slitter, or slitter-rewinder, which receives a web material N and divides it into a plurality of longitudinal strips S, each of which is wound on a secondary reel BS. Several secondary reels BS placed side by side and substantially coaxial to one another are located in the winding station 3 to each receive and wind a respective strip of web material. The reels BS can wind around winding cores mounted on an expansible winding shaft, so as to maintain the correct transverse position with respect to the web material fed to the winding station 3.

[0044] A cutting assembly or device, described below, is provided to divide the web material N into longitudinal strips. In some operating modes, the cutting device can be inactive. In this case, the secondary reels BS produced will have an axial dimension the same as the axial dimension of the primary reels BP, but with a smaller diameter.

[0045] In other embodiments, the rewinder can be without a cutting assembly and can be used to produce secondary reels BS of an axial length the same as the axial length of the primary reels BP, but with a smaller diameter.

[0046] In some embodiments, the winding station 3 comprises a winding cradle. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 the winding cradle comprises peripheral winding members. Peripheral winding members are meant as members that transmit a winding torque to the reel being formed as a result of the contact between the winding member and the substantially cylindrical lateral surface of the reel. It would also be possible for the winding station to comprise central winding members, or a combination of central winding members and peripheral winding members. The central winding members can comprise motorized tailstocks that axially engage the secondary reels BS and maintain them in rotation.

[0047] The peripheral winding members can comprise winding rollers, for example two winding rollers 5 and 7, which together form the winding cradle. Each winding roller rotates around its axis, for example controlled by an electric motor. The embodiment illustrated shows two separate motors 8.1, 8.2, one for each winding roller 5, 7. In other embodiments a single motor can be provided, with a transmission system to operate both of the winding rollers 5, 7.

[0048] The rotation axes of the winding rollers 5, 7 are parallel to one another and the secondary reels BS rest on the winding rollers 5, 7 by gravity. In the embodiment illustrated the rotation axes of the winding rollers 5, 7 are on a horizontal plane, but this configuration should be considered as a non-limiting example. In some embodiments the rotation axes of the winding rollers 5, 7 can be on an inclined plane. Moreover, it would also be possible to provide further winding members, for example a third winding roller positioned above the reels BS and having a movable axis to follow the increase of the secondary reels BS during the winding cycle.

[0049] A system for unloading and moving the completed secondary reels BS away from winding station 3 is indicated as a whole with 9.

[0050] The rewinder 1 further comprises a cutting device or assembly 11, which can comprise a series of disc-shaped knives or disc-shaped blades 13 co-acting with a series of corresponding counter-blades 15 or with an anvil roller. The cutting device 11 can be configured in a manner known per se. Examples of cutting devices are disclosed in EP1245354 and EP1245519, WO96/28285, WO96/28284, US2008/0148914, for instance.

[0051] Each blade 13 and each counter-blade 15 can be adjustable in a transverse direction, i.e., orthogonally to the feed path P, of the web material N and orthogonally to the plane of FIG. 1, to cut longitudinal strips of web material N having suitable widths. Schematically and by way of example, the diagram of FIG. 2 shows six cutting blades 13 that divide the web material N into five longitudinal strips S1, S2, S3, S4 S5 and two edge trimmings R1, R2. The number of longitudinal strips is by way of example. In general, the web material N can be divided into a plurality of “n” strips S1-Sn and two edge trimmings. FIG. 2 also shows a winding shaft around which the secondary reels BS are wound.

[0052] Along the feed path P of the web material N, upstream of the cutting device 11, guide rollers can be arranged, two of which are indicated by way of example with 16, 17 and 19. Downstream of the cutting device there can be arranged further guide rollers, one of which is indicated by way of example with 28. The number and the position of the guide rollers are provided purely by way of example. In some embodiments, one of the rollers upstream of the cutting device 11, for example the roller 17, can be a spreader roller, or bowed roller or curved roller, which stretches the web material N transversely to remove wrinkles or creases. A spreader roller, indicated schematically with 23 can be provided also downstream of the cutting device 11.

[0053] One or more of the guide rollers and/or of the spreader rollers can be motorized at a suitable speed, to prevent the torque necessary for their rotation from being imparted by the web material N, as this would cause an increase in the tension of the web material and hence an undesirable reduction in its thickness.

[0054] The rewinder 1 comprises at least one unwinder. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the rewinder 1 comprises a first unwinder 31.1 and a second unwinder 31.2. Unwinding members of the primary reels, indicated with BP and BP2, are provided in the unwinders to unwind the web material indicated with N and N2, respectively. The unwinders 31.1 and 31.2 shown in FIG. 1 are substantially identical. This can be particularly preferred, but is not binding. Moreover, in FIG. 1 the two unwinders 31.1 and 31.2 operate in parallel. In some operating conditions the two unwinders can be operated alternately, in the sense that while one unwinder feeds a web material, operations to replace an empty primary reel can be carried out in the other unwinder. Moreover, it would also be possible to provide a larger number of unwinders, for example three unwinders in sequence.

[0055] The unwinding members of each unwinder 31.1 and 31.2 can comprise tailstocks that axially engage the primary reel BP. The tailstocks can be motorized. In FIG. 1, motorized tailstocks for the two unwinders are schematically indicated with 32.1 and 32.2. In other embodiments, as illustrated schematically in FIG. 1, each unwinder comprises one or more peripheral unwinding members. By way of example, the unwinders 31.1 and 31.2 comprise peripheral unwinding members 33.1 and 33.2, respectively, each of which can comprise one or more endless belts 35.1, 35.2 guided around pulleys 37.1, 39.1 and 37.2, 39.2, respectively. In each peripheral unwinding member, one of the pulleys (for example the pulley 37.1, 37.2) is motorized, for example by means of an unwinding motor 38.1, 38.2. Guide rollers 41.1, 43.1 and 41.2, 43.2 can be provided to guide the web material N, N2 from the respective primary reel BP, BP2 toward the feed path. In other embodiments, only central unwinding members, or only peripheral unwinding members, can be provided.

[0056] The motors 38.1, 38.2, and, if present, the motors of the tailstocks 32.1, 32.2 can be controlled by a programmable control unit 71, which can be associated with one or more user interfaces 72. In addition to the motors of the unwinder 31, also the motor/motors 8.1 and 8.2 for controlling the winding rollers 5, 7 can be controlled by the control unit 71. In general, the control unit 71 can control the rotation speed of a plurality of motorized members along the feed path of the web material N from the unwinders 31.1, 31.2 to the winding station 3, including the blades 13 and/or the counter-blades 15, the spreader roller 16, the spreader roller 23, and the guide rollers.

[0057] The web materials N, N2 are combined upstream of the spreader roller 16 to follow the same feed path P through the cutting device 11 and until reaching to the winding station 3.

[0058] While in FIG. 1 the rewinder 1 comprises two unwinders 31.1 and 31.2, in other embodiments the rewinder 1 can comprise a single unwinder, i.e., a multiple unwinder, adapted to simultaneously unwind a plurality of parent reels or primary reels BP, to feed a greater number of plies of cellulose web material to the winding assembly.

[0059] FIG. 3 shows a microphotograph of a cellulose web material consisting of tissue paper, i.e., creped paper, for example produced by a continuous paper machine with a wet process. As known to those skilled in the art, the ply of tissue paper is formed in these machines starting from an aqueous suspension of cellulose fibers that is fed on a forming wire. By means of subsequent draining steps, water is gradually removed to obtain a ply of cellulose slurry sufficiently consistent to be guided around a heated Yankee roller, to remove further water from the slurry. The ply is then detached from the Yankee roller by means of a creping doctor blade, which causes the typical creping of the tissue paper, visible in the enlargement of FIG. 3. As discussed in the introduction to the present description, it is advisable to control the winding cycle so that creping of the web material, visible in FIG. 3, is not lost, or is lost to the least possible extent, before winding on the secondary reels BS.

[0060] FIG. 4 shows the winding speed as a function of time for two subsequent winding cycles. The diagram of FIG. 4 shows that the rewinding machine 1 is of start-stop type, i.e., performs successive winding cycles spaced by stops for replacement of the secondary reels BS with new winding cores. In the diagram of FIG. 4 the abscissa indicates the time and the ordinate the peripheral speed of the winding rollers 5, 7, which corresponds to the peripheral speed of the secondary reels BS being wound, in meters per minute. Each winding cycle is characterized by an acceleration ramp from zero to a maximum operating speed (VR), in the example indicated of 1400 m/min. The acceleration ramp lasts for an interval of time t1-t0. The operating speed is maintained for an interval of time (t2-t1), followed by a deceleration ramp (interval of time (t3-t2)), until stopping to allow removal of the reels formed and replacement thereof with a series of new winding cores.

[0061] One or more load sensors, i.e., members adapted to detect a force, can be associated with one of the guide rollers of each web material N, N2 along its path from the respective unwinder 31.1, 31.2 to the winding station 3. Hereinafter the load sensors will be indicated as “load cells”. In FIG. 1 the load cell or cells can be associated with the roller 43.1, 43.2 of each of the two unwinders 31.1 and 31.2. A load cell is schematically indicated with 42.1 and 42.2 for the two guide rollers 43.1, 43.2, respectively.

[0062] The guide roller 41.1, 41.2 upstream of the roller 43.1, 43.2, with which the load cell 42.1, 42.2 is associated, serves to maintain a constant winding angle of the web material N, N2 around the subsequent guide roller 43.1, 43.2 regardless of the diameter of the primary reel BP, BP2. This is useful to have a coherent value of the signal detected by the load cell/cells 42.1, 42.2 associated with the respective guide rollers 43.1, 43.2.

[0063] In some embodiments, the guide rollers 41.1, 41.2 and 43.1, 43.2 can be made of carbon fiber, to have a low inertia. However, it would also be possible for the guide rollers 41.1, 41.2 and 43.1, 43.2 to be made of other materials, for example steel or aluminum. It is also possible to use different materials for the two guide rollers associated with each unwinder, for example a material with a lower specific weight for the guide roller 43.1, 43.2 and a material with a higher specific weight for the guide roller 41.1, 41.2, respectively.

[0064] In some embodiments, to prevent the web material from transmitting the torque to the guide rollers 41.1, 41.2 and 43.1, 43.2, which would influence the tension of the web material N, N2, reducing its thickness, the rollers 41.1, 41.2 and 43.1, 43.2 can advantageously be motorized. In some solutions, where it is necessary to reduce the cost of the rewinding machine, it is possible to use less costly solutions, which use idle guide rollers 41.1, 41.2 and 43.1, 43.2 or one idle roller and one motorized roller associated with each unwinder.

[0065] If a single load cell is provided for each guide roller 43.1, 43.2, this can advantageously be arranged at one of the end bearing of the guide roller. If more than one load cell, for example two load cells, are provided, these can be associated with both ends of the guide roller 43.1, 43.2, for example associated with the two end bearings.

[0066] The arrangement of the paths of the web materials N, N2 coming from the two unwinders 31.1, 31.2, and in particular the arrangement of the guide rollers 41.1, 41.2 and 43.1, 43.2 is such that the load cells 42.1, 42.2 arranged to detect the tension of the two web materials N, N2 only detect the tension of the respective web material. In particular, the path of the web material N2 is such that the tension to which it is subjected in no way affects the signal generated by the load cell 42.1. For this purpose, in the embodiment illustrated the path of the web material N2 is tangent to the guide roller 43.1, with which the load cell 42.1 is associated.

[0067] The load cells 42.1, 42.2 can be interfaced with the programmable electronic control unit 71, to supply a signal proportional to the tension applied to the respective web material N, N2 guided around the guide roller 43.1, 43.2, respectively. The signal supplied by the load cells serves to modulate the speed of the motorized rollers located along the feed path P and of the (peripheral and/or central) unwinding members of the two unwinders 31.1, 31.2, and hence control the slip. Hereunder, it is assumed that the unwinders only have peripheral unwinding members 33.1, 33.2.

[0068] More in particular, in some embodiments the control unit 71 can be configured to impart to the winding rollers 5, 7, by means of the respective motors 8.1, 8.2, a peripheral speed according to the curve illustrated in FIG. 4. The speed of the unwinders 31.1, 31.2 is consequently controlled so that the tension of the web material N, N2 is equal to a desired value T0. In some embodiments, a tolerance interval can be defined around the desired value T0, for example an interval defined between a lower threshold Tth1 and an upper threshold Tth2, around a value T0 of optimum tension.

[0069] In particular, the signal of the load cells 42.1, 42.2 supplies information that allows the control unit 71 to modulate the speed of the motors 38.1, 38.2 and/or of the motorized tailstocks of the two unwinders that control the rotation of the primary reels BP and BP2 in the unwinders 31.1, 31.2. The peripheral speed of the primary reel or parent reel BP, BP2 in each unwinder 31.1, 31.2 is controlled by the control unit 71 by means of the motors 38.1, 38.2 so as to be lower than the peripheral speed of the winding rollers 5, 7. The difference, defined by the slip of the respective rotation motors 8.1, 8.2 and 38.1, 38.2, is modulated to maintain the desired tension of the web material N, N2 at the value T0 or more in general in the tolerance interval (Th2-Th1) around this value. Moreover, the control unit 71 can be programmed to set the peripheral speed of the various rotating members in contact with the web material N, N2 along the path from the respective unwinder 31.1, 31.2 to the winding station 3 according to a speed profile increasing from a speed V.sub.BP (peripheral speed of the primary reel BP, BP2) to a speed V.sub.BS (peripheral speed of the secondary reel BS).

[0070] In some embodiments, the desired tension value T0 can be fixed. In other embodiments, the desired tension value T0 can advantageously be a function of the type of web material N that is unwound and rewound or of the characteristics of the primary (BP, BP2) and secondary BS reel/reels, for example the diameter. For example, the value T0 can be higher for web materials with a higher tensile strength and/or for web materials that, due to their characteristics, are more subject to fluctuations due to aerodynamic effects.

[0071] In some embodiments the value T0 can be independent from the feed speed of the web material. However, it would also be possible for the control unit 71 to be programmable so that the value T0 is a function of the feed speed of the web material N, N2, for example so that T0 increases as the feed speed increases, to take account that at higher feed speeds drifting or other effects of an aerodynamic nature on the web material N, N2 can be higher and therefore a higher tension can be required in order to control it correctly. At lower speeds the tension T0 required to guide the web material N, N2 could be lower. Consequently, the value T0 could vary, not only as a function of the characteristics of the web material, but also as a function of the feed speed thereof, from a minimum at the time t0 to a maximum in the interval t2-t1.

[0072] With an arrangement of the type described and by means of the control unit 71 it is thus possible to ensure that the difference between the rotation speed of the motors 8.1, 8.2 that control the winding rollers 5, 7 of the winding station 3 and the rotation speed of the motors 38.1, 38.2 that control the unwinders 31.1, 31.2 is such as to optimize the tension of the web material N, N2 during the whole of the winding cycle t3-t0, thereby minimizing the negative effect of the tension of the web material N, N2 on the thickness of the tissue paper and in particular on the degree of creping thereof.

[0073] If the unwinder has central unwinding members, rather than peripheral unwinding members, or a combination of central and peripheral unwinding members, specific motors can be provided for the central unwinding members. In this case, the rotation speed of these motors must take account of the instantaneous diameter of the primary reel BP, BP2, so that it has the desired peripheral speed as the diameter varies.

[0074] While the embodiment of FIG. 1 shows two unwinders 31.1, 31.2, it must be understood that in some embodiments the rewinding machine 1 can comprise a single unwinder 31, or more than two unwinders 31 in sequence, for a web material N, or more than two web materials N, N2 in parallel, each of the which can be formed by one or more plies of creped cellulose material.

[0075] FIG. 5 schematically shows, in an enlarged scale, the path of a first web material N, delivered by a first primary reel BP in the unwinder 31.1, provided with guide rollers, indicated here with 41 and 43. The other components of the rewinding machine are not shown for the sake of simplicity. A second web material N2 is fed from a second unwinder (not shown in FIG. 5). In some embodiments a spreader bar 61 can be provided along the feed path of the web material N2 upstream of the guide roller 43, which allows the web material N2 to be spread before it is combined with the web material N. In some embodiments it can also be advantageous to install a spreader bar 63 along the feed path of the web material N, upstream of the guide roller 43. The second unwinder (not shown in FIG. 5) can be configured as illustrated in FIG. 1 and described above.

[0076] FIG. 5 schematically shows that the web material N can follow two different unwinding paths depending on whether the primary reel BP rotates clockwise (path of N with a dashed line) or counter-clockwise (path of N with a continuous line). The same alternative can be provided in both of the unwinders 31.1, 31.2.

[0077] FIG. 6 schematically shows various possible arrangements of the load cell associated with each of the guide rollers 43.1, 43.2. In FIG. 6 the guide roller is indicated with 43 and can represent both the guide roller 43.1 and the guide roller 43.2. In FIG. 6A the load cell is mounted coaxially to the guide roller 43. In FIGS. 6(B)-6(E) the load cell, illustrated schematically, is mounted laterally, for example between a seat of the bearing supporting the guide roller 41 and the load-bearing structure. In the various possible configurations, a component of the tension on the web material is detected.

[0078] The choice of the load cell is particularly important, as it must be able to detect the very small tensions to which the web material N, N2 is subject.

[0079] FIG. 7 schematically shows a further embodiment in which a different path of the web material N in the unwinding zone is provided. The same numbers indicate the same or equivalent parts to those described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 5, which shall not be described again. FIG. 7 schematically shows only the unwinder 31.1 limited to some of the components thereof. The guide rollers are indicated with 41, 43 and the load cell with 42. The configuration of FIG. 7 can be adopted for both of the unwinders 31.1 and 31.2.

[0080] In FIG. 7 the web material N is guided around a first guide roller 41 and around a second guide roller 43. Also in this case, the path upstream of the guide roller 41 can change as a function of the rotation (clockwise or counter-clockwise) of the primary reel BP. Downstream of the second guide roller 43, with which the load cell 42 is associated, a curved roller or bowed roller 46 can be provided, and downstream of this a further guide roller 48 can be provided, around which the web material N2 coming from the unwinder upstream (unwinder 31.2) is also guided.

[0081] The curved roller 46 can serve to spread the web material N transversely, and the roller 48 can be provided to optimize the angle of the web material N around the curved roller 46.

[0082] To ensure that it is not the web material N that imparts the rotation force of the rollers 46, 48, as already described with reference to the rollers 41, 43, both rollers 46, 48 (or optionally only one of them) can be motorized. Preferably, the curved roller 46 is always motorized to be able to perform its function in an optimum manner.

[0083] In all the illustrated embodiments, detection of the traction of the web material N, N2, i.e., of the tension thereof, by means of the load cell 42 (42.1, 42.2) allows the slip of the motors to be managed in each step of the machine cycle. Detection of the traction thus allows the control loop to be closed so that if the load cell 42.1, 42.2 detects a traction higher than the traction set, for example, by the operator on the control panel or memorized in advance in the control unit in a database associated therewith, the system will reduce the slip of the motors, decreasing the difference in speed between motors 8.1, 8.2 and motors 38.1, 38.2 and hence decreasing the difference between peripheral speed of the winding rollers 5, 7 and unwinding member 35.1, 35.2 of the two unwinders 31.1, 31.2. Vice versa, if the pull is below the set value, the control system will increase the slip of the motors. In this case, the preset traction will correspond to each speed or acceleration or deceleration ramp, so as not to pull the web material excessively, thereby preventing losses of thickness. With this system it is possible to achieve a very low loss of thickness, which can be around 2%, for instance.

[0084] While the invention has been described in terms of various specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, changes and omissions are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims.