DISK-SHAPED TOOL AND METHOD FOR MACHINING WORKPIECES, CUTTING DEVICE, AND USE OF A CUTTING, GRINDING AND POLISHING DISK TO PRODUCE A SURF ACE STRUCTURE ON A WORKPIECE

Abstract

The invention relates to a disk-shaped cutting tool, to a radial cutting method for machining axially elongated workpieces, to a cutting device and to a use of a disk-shaped cutting tool. A disk-shaped cutting tool according to the invention has defined flexibility and a defined impact. In a radial cutting process according to the invention, lateral deflection of the axially stationary rotating tool brings the tool, by means of the at least one laterally applied grinding and polishing surface, into axial effective contact with the workpiece to be machined. In a cutting device according to the invention, the cutting tool can be moved only radially to machine the workpiece. A use according to the invention of a disk-shaped tool serves the purpose of specimen preparation and subsequent surface analysis on a workpiece cut to length.

Claims

1. Disk-shaped cutting tool, for the rotating cutting of a stationary clamped workpiece, elongated at least roughly along an axis of rotation, with an exclusively radial advance of the cutting tool with respect to this axis of rotation, at least roughly in the direction of the orthogonally clamped workpiece, with cutting edges in a radially outer peripheral region of the cutting tool, two opposing disk flanks in a radially inner region with respect to the circumferential region, and radially inside with an axial fastening opening characterized in that the disk flanks are at least partially provided with grinding and polishing agents.

2. Disk-shaped cutting tool, characterized in that it has a defined flexibility and a defined impact.

3. Disk-shaped cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the two disk flanks is thickened in comparison to the material thickness in the radially outer circumferential region from radially outside to radially inside, in particular by means of the grinding and/or polishing agent.

4. Disk-shaped cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that, from the radial outside to the radial inside, initially the grinding surfaces and, at least toward the radial inside, more and more or finally at the radial inside exclusively polishing surfaces are arranged on at least one of the disk flanks.

5. Disk-shaped cutting tool according to claim 1, characterized in that in the circumferential region and on at least one of the disk flanks different tool cutting edges and/or material of a different grain size is/are arranged.

6. Disk-shaped cutting tool claim 1, characterized in that it comprises at least one wear indicator.

7. Radial cutting method for machining axially elongated workpieces using a disk-shaped cutting tool which cuts, grinds and/or polishes during a single, purely radial feed movement of the cutting tool.

8. Radial cutting method according to claim 7, carried out by means of a disk-shaped cutting tool.

9. Radial cutting method according to claim 7, characterized in that a lateral deflection of the axially stationary rotating tool brings the tool into axial effective contact with the at least one laterally applied grinding and polishing surface on the workpiece to be machined.

10. Radial cutting method according to claim 7, characterized in that the lateral deflection of the rotating tool is achieved by a flexibility and a defined impact of the tool, wherein the combined geometric and kinematic properties of the tool lead to a lateral deflection of the tool as soon as the tool rotating at operating speed touches a workpiece with its outer circumference or its cutting edge in the radial feed direction.

11. Radial cutting method according to claim 10, characterized in that the total lateral deflection is approximately 10 percent of the axial width of the cutting edge.

12. Radial cutting method according to claim 7, characterized in that a thickening of the disk flanks supports the axial engagement of the at least one grinding and polishing agents.

13. Radial cutting method according to claim 7, characterized in that a wear indicator shows a remaining utilization capacity, in particular a remaining cutting volume and/or a remaining utilization time.

14. Radial cutting method according to claim 13, characterized in that the wear indicator reacts independently to the mechanical wear of the tool, in particular in that a different color appears or becomes recognizable.

15. Cutting device with at least one disk-shaped cutting tool according to claim 1.

16. Cutting device according to claim 15, characterized in that the cutting tool can only be moved radially in said device for machining the workpiece.

17. Use of a disk-shaped cutting tool for specimen preparation and subsequent surface analysis on a workpiece cut to length.

18. Use according to claim 17, using a disk-shaped cutting tool according to claim 1 for machining or removing a surface structure on a workpiece.

19. Use according to claim 17 for the machining of a test specimen for assessing product conditions, namely for assessing a wear condition of a cable.

Description

[0039] The drawings show the following:

[0040] FIG. 1—a side view of a disk flank with a view of the base body, the cutting edge and the grinding and polishing elements of a tool according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disk,

[0041] FIG. 2—a side view of a disk flank showing the grinding stages of a tool according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disk

[0042] FIG. 3—a side view of a disk flank showing the layer structure of a tool according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disk,

[0043] FIG. 4—a front view of the outer circumferential region with a representation of the cutting edge and the step-like structure of the grinding and polishing components of a tool according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disk,

[0044] and

[0045] FIG. 5—an exploded drawing of a tool according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disk, in a side view with a representation of the color code for displaying the wear of the cutting, grinding and polishing components

[0046] The invention is explained in detail below with reference to the drawings listed above. FIG. 1 shows, in a side view, a particularly preferred embodiment of a disk-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disk. A base body 2, preferably formed from a composite material, which, similar to a commercially available cutting disk, already contains cutting agents of a defined grain size and thus has geometrically undefined cutting edges 5 on an outer circumferential area 3, is clearly shown. A fastening bore 7 is provided centrally in the axial direction in the base body 2 for fastening the disk-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disk, in the standardized tool holders of stationary or mobile cutting and grinding machines.

[0047] In a particularly preferred embodiment, grinding and polishing surfaces 6 are applied on one side of a disk flank 4 of the base body 2. These grinding and polishing surfaces 6 make it possible for the cutting surface of a workpiece to be reworked simultaneously for the execution of the separating cut. The separating cut is carried out in a radial working direction VR shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 by means of cutting edges 5 on the outer circumferential region 3 of the disk-shaped tool 1, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disk. The advance in a radial working direction VR can take place manually or mechanically, depending on the design of the cutting or grinding machine used.

[0048] In a first particularly preferred embodiment, channels 8 for removing chips or coolant from the cutting, grinding and polishing region are clearly shown. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the disk-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disk, the channels 8 run along the disk flank 4 in the radial direction towards the outer circumferential region 3. The channels 8 are preferably inclined against the direction of rotation D in order to avoid or at least reduce a clogging of the channels 8 during a movement in the radial advance direction VR.

[0049] In a particularly preferred second embodiment, although not shown here, the disk-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disk, is designed without channels 8.

[0050] In further particularly preferred embodiments, although not shown here, the disk-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disk, is designed with single-layer grinding/polishing elements, with and without channels.

[0051] FIG. 2 shows, in a side view of a disk flank 4, the representation of the grinding stages of a disk-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disk. The disk-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disk, is provided with grinding and polishing agents on at least one disk flank 4. The grinding and polishing agents are finer grained or toothed or designed for less material removal than the cutting edges 5 in order to be able to achieve the intended improvement in the surface quality of the cut surfaces.

[0052] In order to bring the grinding and polishing surfaces 6 of the disk-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disk, as shown in FIG. 1, into engagement in an axial working direction VA shown in FIG. 4, a thickening of the at least one flank 4 of the disk-shaped tool provided for engagement, which preferably achieved by means of process-related vibrations of the tool 1, has a supporting effect in the embodiment shown. The thickening is preferably realized in a single or multiple gradation 40 in order to hold the grinding and polishing surfaces 6 parallel to the cut surfaces of the separating cut. The movement in an axial working direction is amplified by vibrations of the disk-shaped tool 1, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disk, which are typical for the process, in an axial direction.

[0053] Graduations 40 which delimit the surface of a first grinding and polishing stage 10 and the surface of a second grinding and polishing stage 11 can be seen. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the disk-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disk, the grain size or toothing of the cutting edges 5 is coarser than the grain size or the toothing of the surfaces of the grinding and polishing stages 10, 11. The grain size or toothing of the surface of the second grinding and polishing stage 11 is particularly preferably finer than the grain size or toothing of the surface of the first grinding and polishing stage 10.

[0054] In the course of a separating cut in a radial feed direction, the surface of the first grinding and polishing stage 10 first comes into engagement with at least one cutting surface of the separating cut and reworks the at least one separating cut surface. By continuing the disk-shaped tool 1, in particular a separating-grinding-polishing disk, in a radial working direction VR, the surface of the second grinding and polishing stage 11 also comes into engagement and completes the grinding and polishing process of the at least one surface of the separating cut to the desired surface quality.

[0055] In addition to the shaded areas of the first and second grinding and polishing stage, FIG. 2 shows the dotted surfaces 12 of the channels 8 that are not initially engaged in a grinding and polishing process and the exposed region of the base body 2 that is shown as a white region.

[0056] Further preferred embodiments of the disk-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disk, can be designed with a higher or even a lower number of different grinding and polishing stages.

[0057] FIG. 3 shows, in a side view of a disk flank 4, a representation of the layer structure of a particularly preferred embodiment of the disk-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disk.

[0058] In the particularly preferred embodiment shown, a total of 3 layers of grinding and polishing agent 20, 21, 22 are applied to a base body 2 in an abrasive paper-like form by gluing. Alternative embodiments of disk-shaped tools 1 according to the invention, in particular cutting-grinding-polishing disks, in which the structure of the grinding and polishing agent layers 20, 21, 22 is realized by means of a different method, for example by spraying, are conceivable as well.

[0059] The dotted regions identify a single layer 30 of a first grinding layer 20 applied to the base body 2.

[0060] The regions alternating with solid and dashed lines identify two-layer layers 31 of a first grinding layer 20 and a second grinding layer 21 applied to the base body 2.

[0061] The regions shaded with continuous lines identify three-layer layers 32, consisting of three grinding layers 20, 21, 22.

[0062] The increase in the thickness of the grinding and polishing agent layers from a single layer 30 and a two-layer layer 31 to a three-layer layer 32, with the layers being aligned parallel to the radial feed direction VR, leads to the recognizable gradations 40.

[0063] The use of the disk will lead to a degradation of the grinding layers 20, 21, 22. The removal of the layer lying on the outside in the radial direction, starting at the outer circumferential region 3, reveals the respective layer underneath, so that, both in the axial and in the radial working direction, the desired sequence of grinding stages one and two 10, 11, is preserved until the disk-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disk, is worn.

[0064] FIG. 4 shows a front view, not to scale, of the outer circumferential region 3 with the cutting edges 5 (not shown), a base body 2 with the structure of the grinding and polishing layers 20, 21, 22 of a disk-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disk. The one-layer layers 30, two-layer layers 31 and three-layer layers 32 of the grinding and polishing agent structure are clearly shown. The layers 30, 31, 32 are clearly separated from one another by gradations 40.

[0065] The radial feed direction VR and the axial feed direction VA are illustrated by arrows.

[0066] FIG. 5 shows an exploded view of a disk-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disk, in a side view of a particularly preferred embodiment with an optical wear indicator, in particular for the cutting, grinding and polishing components. The grinding and polishing agent layers are formed by differently colored segments. The segments are arranged one above the other and next to one another on a base body 2 in the axial direction of the base body 2 in such a way that progressive wear can be recognized and the remaining useful life can be determined by using the recognizable color codes 41, 42, 43, 44.

[0067] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the grinding and polishing elements with a color code one 41 form the grinding and polishing agent layer closest to the base body of the surfaces of the grinding and polishing stage two 11 described in more detail in FIG. 2. The grinding and polishing elements with the color code one 41 are applied to the base body 2 in such a way that gaps between the elements promote the formation of channels 8 in the above grinding and polishing agent layers 20, 21, 22. In the axial direction of the base body 2, elements with a color code two 42 and a color code three 43 are arranged successively on the grinding and polishing elements with the color code one 41. The progressive wear of the surfaces of the grinding and polishing stage two 11 can thus be read from the color code one 41, the color code two 42 and the color code three 43. If the color code one 41 becomes visible, the surfaces of the grinding and polishing stage two are approaching the wear limit.

[0068] A color code four 44 is provided to evaluate the surfaces of the grinding and polishing stage one 10. If, for example, due to the radial wear of a base body 2 made of composite material, the usable surface of grinding stage one decreases, this decrease can be recognized and assessed by using the color code four 44. A wear of the surfaces of grinding step one 10 in an axial direction is recognized by the fact that instead of the color code four 44, the color of the base body 2 can be seen.

[0069] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the disk-shaped tool 1 according to the invention, in particular a cutting-grinding-polishing disk, the dimensions of the cutting, grinding, and polishing elements are matched in such a way that they can be replaced as simultaneously as possible.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

[0070] 1 Disk-shaped tool, especially a cutting-grinding-polishing disk [0071] 2 Base body [0072] 3 Outer peripheral region [0073] 4 Disk flank [0074] 5 Cutting edge [0075] 6 Grinding and polishing surface [0076] 7 Fastening opening, especially bore [0077] 8 Channel [0078] 10 Surface grinding and polishing stage one [0079] 11 Surface grinding and polishing stage two [0080] 12 Surface channel [0081] 20 First grinding and polishing agent layer [0082] 21 Second grinding and polishing agent layer [0083] 22 Third grinding and polishing agent layer [0084] 30 One-layer layer [0085] 31 Two-layer layer [0086] 32 Three-layer layer [0087] 40 Gradation [0088] 41 Color code one [0089] 42 Color code two [0090] 43 Color code three [0091] 44 Color code four [0092] VR Radial feed direction [0093] VA Axial feed direction [0094] D Direction of rotation