BUILDING BLOCK (VARIANTS)

Abstract

Building blocks for mortarless brickwork and construction of houses, buildings, structures and hardscaping items are disclosed herein. According to the first variant the building block made in a form of polygon on each vertical and each horizontal face of which the response projections and recesses are made, coming into engagement with the projections and recesses of adjacent blocks. The projections and recesses are made in truncated cone form, along the axis of which in this block intercommunicating channels are made. According to the second variant on the faces of the building block only recesses are made in it in a form of cylinders and/or truncated cones, along the axis of which in the block the channels are made. At least, in some of the indicated recesses the fastening elements in a form of discs are installed, at both sides of which along the axe the bars, fixed in the indicated channels of the adjacent blocks are fastened. The invention allows to enlarge a range of possible variants of mutual blocks fastening.

Claims

1. The building block made in a form of polygon on each vertical and each horizontal face of which the response projections and recesses are made, coming into engagement with the projections and recesses of adjacent blocks, the distinction is that the projections and recesses are made in a form of truncated cones, along the axis of which in the block mainly intercommunicating channels are made.

2. The building block according to the claim 1, the distinction is that on each vertical and each horizontal face at least four projections and recesses are formed.

3. The building block according to the claim 1, the distinction is that the projections and recesses are made in a form of truncated cones with the angle no more than 45°

4. The building block according to the claim 1, the distinction is that it is made preferably in a form of cube.

5. The building block according to the claim 1, the distinction is that it may be made in a form of right parallelepiped, T-shaped, L-shaped.

6. The building block according to the claim 1, the distinction is that it is made in a form of a number of cubes or parallelepipeds, or their combination, mutually connected and forming an integral whole polygonal item with complicated geometry.

7. The building block according to the claim 1, the distinction is that it is provided with the inclined sections placed at the angle 10-90 degrees forming crosswise construction, at that on the ends of the inclined sections the response projections and recesses are also made.

8. The building block according to the claim 1, the distinction is that at the edge of vertical and/or horizontal faces the recesses as a half of truncated cone are made, forming in assembly with the adjacent blocks recesses integral cones.

9. The building block according to the claim 1, the distinction is that on the indicated faces surface the channel-formed grooves are made, forming in assembly with the adjacent blocks the channels along the recesses axis.

10. The building block according to the claim 1, the distinction is that at the corners of vertical and/or horizontal faces the recesses as a quarter of truncated cone are made, forming in assembly with the adjacent blocks recesses integral cones.

11. The building block according to the claim 1, the distinction is that along the ribs of the indicated faces the channel-formed grooves are made, forming in assembly with the adjacent blocks the channels along the recesses axis.

12. The building block according to the claim 1, the distinction is that it is provided with the insertion, installed in the recesses and forming projections.

13. The building block according to the claim 1, the distinction is that it is provided with the insertions with the channels with possibility of installation in them the fastening elements for binding blocks with each other.

14. The building block made in a form of polygon at each vertical and each horizontal face of which the recesses in a form of cylinders and/or truncated cones are formed, along the axis of which the channels are made in the block, at that, at least in some of the indicated recesses the insertions forming projections in a form of discs are installed, at both sides of which along the axe the bars, fixed in the indicated channels of the adjacent blocks are fastened.

16. The building block according to the claim 15, the distinction it that the channels in a section are made in a form of a circle, ellipse, square, rectangle, triangle.

17. The building block according to the claim 15, the distinction it that the recesses, at the edge of vertical or horizontal faces made in a form of a half of truncated cone, form in assembly with the adjacent blocks recesses integral cones.

18. The building block according to the claim 15, the distinction it that it is made preferably in a form of cube.

19. The building block according to the claim 15, the distinction it that it is made in a form of right parallelepiped, T-shaped, L-shaped.

20. The building block according to the claim 15, the distinction it that it is made in a form of a number of cubes or parallelepipeds, or their combination, mutually connected and forming an integral whole polygonal item with complicated geometry.

21. The building block according to the claim 15, the distinction it that it is provided with the insertions with possibility of installation in them the fastening elements for binding blocks with each other.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] The essence of the proposed invention is illustrated by the drawings and description of the preferred variants of embodiment with references to the accompanying drawings:

[0027] FIG. 1 is the general view of the building block (the first basic variant of embodiment in the form of cube with placement of projections and recesses by four at each face);

[0028] FIG. 2 is a variant of embodiment with additional fifth recess at one face;

[0029] FIG. 3 is the second basic variant of embodiment, but with recesses at all the faces (prior to installation of fastening elements);

[0030] FIG. 4 is the same, in section;

[0031] FIG. 5 is the second basic variant of embodiment with five recesses at all the faces;

[0032] FIG. 6 is the second variant of embodiment with semi-recesses and bores at one face;

[0033] FIG. 7 is the second variant of embodiment with semi- and quarter-recesses and bores at all the faces and ribs;

[0034] FIG. 8 is an example of the structure assembling from cubic blocks according to the first variant of embodiment;

[0035] FIG. 9 is a variant of a block in a form of parallelepiped;

[0036] FIG. 10 is a variant of a T-shaped block;

[0037] FIG. 11 is a variant of a block with inclined sections;

[0038] FIG. 12 is an example of the structure assembling from the blocks with inclined sections;

[0039] FIG. 13 is an example of the structure forming by the way of combination of the fourth block with three adjacent blocks at the linear trajectory passing through the point of connection of three faces at the angle (the angle is indicated with an arrow).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] According to the first variant the proposed building block 1 is made in a form of polygon on each vertical and each horizontal face of which the response projections 2 and recesses 3 are made (by four or five items), coming into engagement with the projections and recesses of the adjacent blocks. Depending on the final project the block may be made in a form of cube, right parallelepiped, T-shaped, or provided with the inclined sections 4. In this last case the block is made in the form of two parallelepipeds, the lengthwise axis of which are located at the angle 10-90°, connected crosswise as an integral whole. On the ends of sections 4 the response projections 2 and recesses 3 are also formed. Combination of projections 2 and recesses 3 may be chosen at each face of the block 1 in advance, or for a particular place of its placement.

[0041] The projections 2 and recesses 3 are made in a form of truncated cones, along the axis of which in the block the interconnected channels 5 are made. At the edge of the faces the recesses 6 may be made in a form of a half of truncated cone, forming in assembly with the analogous recesses of adjacent blocks 1 integral cones. At that on the surface of respective faces the channel-formed grooves 7 are made, forming in assembly with the adjacent blocks 1 the channels along the axis of the recesses 6. Moreover, at the corners of the faces the recesses 8 may be made in a form of a quarter of truncated cone, forming in assembly with the recesses of adjacent blocks integral cones. At that along the ribs of these faces the channel-formed grooves 9 are made, forming in assembly with the adjacent blocks the channels along the axis of the recesses 8. The conical surface of projections 2 and recesses 3, 6, 8 allows to simply connect the blocks 1 together, ensuring at that precise centering and combination of the channels 5 in a single network, which in a case of necessity may be in one operation filled with fixing material.

[0042] Moreover, the relation of the channels 5 with each other ensures possibility of using transparent pins of different modification. The block 1 may be also provided with the fastening elements 10 placed in the recesses 3 and partially entering in the respective channels 5.

[0043] According to the second variant the proposed block 1 doesn't contain projections, only recesses 3 are made in it in a form of cylinders and/or truncated cones, along the axis of which in the block the channels 5 are made. In a part or in all such recesses 3 the fastening elements 10 are installed in a form of discs, at both sides of which along the axe the bars are fastened, fixed in indicated channels 5 of the adjacent blocks 1. In a part of additional recesses 6, 8 and channel-formed grooves 7, 9 for this variant the same modifications are possible that for the previous one.

[0044] The construction of the proposed blocks is erected as follows.

[0045] The first block 1 is installed on the floor and the following blocks are mounted in sequence. During installation the lateral face of each consequent block is combined with the lateral face of the previous block, at that according to the first variant the projections 2 are located in the recesses 3 without clearance, in a single structure. According to the second variant the blocks are combined with the help of the fastening element 10, installed in the channel 5 and fixing their location. For formation of the inclined beam the blocks with the inclined sections 4 are used. Combining the blocks 1 between each other and connecting them with the fastening elements or fixing material, the required structure is assembled. At that the blocks 1 are laid in relation of the axe of the laying center at one of directions and increased without displacement.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

[0046] In such a way, the proposed invention allows to execute mortarless erection of rigidly bound laying of vertical, inclined, cupola-shaped, pyramid-shaped and any other embodiment.

[0047] Moreover, the block has possibility of fastening redecoration elements and different communication lines in the grooves on the side faces. At that the proposed construction allow to enlarge a range of possible variants of mutual blocks fastening, both simply due to the forces of gravity and friction and with the aid of local fastening elements, pins or their combination.