Four stroke engine, handheld work apparatus having a four stroke engine, and method for operating a four stroke engine

Abstract

A mixture-lubricated four stroke engine has a cylinder in which a combustion chamber is formed. The combustion chamber is delimited by a piston which is mounted movably in the cylinder. The engine has an intake channel which discharges into the combustion chamber via an inlet opening controlled by an inlet valve. A mixture formation unit includes at least one fuel opening which discharges into the intake channel. For the lubrication of the crankcase interior, a flow connection connects the intake channel to the crankcase interior via a connecting opening which discharges into the intake channel downstream of the mixture formation unit. The fuel quantity is controlled by a fuel valve. A control unit is configured to activate the fuel valve in a manner dependent on the position of the crankshaft such that the fuel valve is opened at least also during a part of the compression stroke.

Claims

1. A four stroke engine comprising: a cylinder having a combustion chamber formed therein; the four stroke engine being mixture-lubricated; a piston mounted movably in said cylinder; said combustion chamber being delimited by said piston; a crankcase defining a crankcase interior; a crankshaft mounted rotatably in said crankcase interior; said piston being configured to drive said crankshaft in rotation; an intake channel which discharges into said combustion chamber via an inlet opening; an inlet valve configured to control said inlet opening; an outlet channel leading out of said combustion chamber; an outlet valve configured to control said outlet channel; a mixture formation unit having at least one fuel opening which opens into said intake channel; the four stroke engine having, for the lubrication of the crankcase interior, a flow connection which connects said intake channel to said crankcase interior via a connecting opening which opens into said intake channel downstream of said mixture formation unit; a fuel valve configured to control a fuel quantity fed to said at least one fuel opening; and, a control unit configured to activate said fuel valve in a manner dependent on a position of said crankshaft such that said fuel valve is also opened during at least a part of a compression stroke of the four stroke engine, wherein said fuel valve is opened during at least part of the compression stroke while the inlet valve is closed.

2. The four stroke engine of claim 1, wherein said fuel valve is, in each engine cycle, opened both during at least a part of an intake stroke and during at least a part of the compression stroke.

3. The four stroke engine of claim 1, wherein said fuel valve is opened at least once during every opening time interval (E) of the inlet valve.

4. The four stroke engine of claim 1, wherein, in each engine cycle, at least 20% of an opening time interval (T) of said fuel valve lies in the compression stroke.

5. The four stroke engine of claim 1, wherein said mixture formation unit is a carburetor.

6. The four stroke engine of claim 5, wherein said carburetor has a venturi section; said at least one fuel opening is arranged in a region of said venturi section of said carburetor; and, fuel is drawn into said intake channel as a result of negative pressure prevailing in said intake channel.

7. The four stroke engine of claim 1, wherein said fuel valve is an electromagnetic valve.

8. The four stroke engine of claim 7, wherein said fuel valve is open when in an electrically deenergized state.

9. The four stroke engine of claim 7, wherein the fuel valve is closed when in an electrically deenergized state.

10. The four stroke engine of claim 1 further comprising: a valve drive configured to activate said inlet valve and said outlet valve in a manner dependent on the position of said crankshaft; said valve drive being arranged in a valve drive chamber; and, said valve drive chamber forming part of said flow connection.

11. The four stroke engine of claim 10, wherein said valve drive is configured as a lever-type drive; and, said valve drive chamber includes a lever chamber and at least one connecting channel which form parts of said flow connection.

12. A handheld work apparatus comprising: a four stroke engine including a cylinder having a combustion chamber formed therein; said four stroke engine being mixture-lubricated and further including a piston, a crankcase, an intake channel, an inlet valve, an outlet valve, an outlet channel, and a fuel valve; said piston being mounted movably in said cylinder; said combustion chamber being delimited by said piston; said crankcase defining a crankcase interior; a crankshaft mounted rotatably in said crankcase interior; said crankshaft being configured to be driven in rotation by said piston; wherein said intake channel discharges into said combustion chamber via an inlet opening; said inlet valve being configured to control said inlet opening; said outlet channel leading out of said combustion chamber; said outlet valve being configured to control said outlet channel; said four stroke engine further including a mixture formation unit having at least one fuel opening which discharges into said intake channel; said four stroke engine having, for the lubrication of the crankcase interior, a flow connection which connects said intake channel to said crankcase interior via a connecting opening which discharges into said intake channel downstream of said mixture formation unit; said fuel valve configured to control a fuel quantity fed to said at least one fuel opening; said four stroke engine further having a control unit configured to activate said fuel valve in a manner dependent on a position of said crankshaft such that said fuel valve is also opened during at least a part of a compression stroke of said four stroke engine, wherein said fuel valve is opened during at least part of the compression stroke while the inlet valve is closed; and, said four stroke engine being configured to rotate at a rotational speed of 5000 to 11,000 revolutions per minute at full load.

13. A method for operating a four stroke engine, the four stroke engine including a cylinder having a combustion chamber formed therein, the four stroke engine being mixture-lubricated and further including a piston mounted movably in the cylinder, the combustion chamber being delimited by the piston, the four stroke engine further including a crankcase defining a crankcase interior and a crankshaft mounted rotatably in the crankcase interior, the crankshaft being configured to be driven in rotation by the piston, the four stroke engine having an intake channel which discharges into the combustion chamber via an inlet opening and an inlet valve configured to control the inlet opening, the four stroke engine further having an outlet channel leading out of the combustion chamber and an outlet valve configured to control the outlet channel, the four stroke engine further including a mixture formation unit having at least one fuel opening which discharges into the intake channel, the four stroke engine having, for the lubrication of the crankcase interior, a flow connection which connects the intake channel to the crankcase interior via a connecting opening which discharges into the intake channel downstream of the mixture formation unit, the four stroke engine having a fuel valve configured to control a fuel quantity fed to the at least one fuel opening; the method comprising the step of: activating the fuel valve in a manner dependent on a position of the crankshaft such that the fuel valve is also opened during at least a part of a compression stroke of the four stroke engine, while the inlet valve is closed.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The invention will now be described with reference to the drawings wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are schematic sectional illustrations of a two stroke engine;

(3) FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the pressure in the combustion chamber, the opening and closing times of the fuel valve and the opening and closing times of inlet valve and outlet valve versus the crankshaft angle; and,

(4) FIG. 4 shows a side view of a blower apparatus.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

(5) FIG. 1 schematically shows a four stroke engine 1, which may serve for driving the tool in a handheld work apparatus. The handheld work apparatus may for example be a motorized chainsaw, a parting grinder, a brushcutter or the like. FIG. 4 illustrates a handheld blower apparatus 50 as an embodiment of a work apparatus. The tool of a blower apparatus 50 is a blower impeller (not illustrated) which conveys a working air stream through a blower tube 52. The blower apparatus 50 has a handle 51 via which the blower apparatus 50 can be guided. The blower apparatus 50 furthermore has a housing 53 in which the four stroke engine 1 schematically illustrated in FIG. 1 is arranged. A starter device (not illustrated specifically), in particular a pull-rope starter, the starter handle 54 of which projects out of the housing 53, serves for the starting of the four stroke engine 1. The four stroke engine can preferably be configured for being started manually by an operator.

(6) As shown in FIG. 1, the four stroke engine 1 has a cylinder 2 in which a combustion chamber 3 is formed. The combustion chamber 3 is delimited by a piston 4 which is mounted so as to be movable in reciprocating fashion, in a cylinder bore 43 of the cylinder 2. FIG. 1 shows the four stroke engine 1 during the downward stroke of the piston 4, during which the piston 4 moves in the direction of an arrow 32. During the downward stroke of the piston 4, the volume of the combustion chamber 3 increases in size. During the upward stroke of the piston 4, during which the piston moves counter to the direction of the arrow 32, the volume of the combustion chamber 3 decreases in size.

(7) The piston 4 drives, via a connecting rod 8, a crankshaft 7 which is mounted rotatably in a crankcase 5. The crankshaft 7 is mounted so as to be rotatable about a rotational axis 44. During operation, the crankshaft 7 rotates in the direction of an arrow 31. The rotational position of the crankshaft 7 is specified as crankshaft angle α. The crankshaft angle α is 0° at the top dead center of the piston 4 and is 180° at the bottom dead center of the piston 4. A crankcase interior 6 is formed in the crankcase 5. The four stroke engine 1 has an intake channel 21 for the feed of fuel/air mixture.

(8) In the embodiment, a portion of the intake channel 21 is formed in a mixture formation unit 17. The mixture formation unit 17 can advantageously be a carburetor. The mixture formation unit 17 has a venturi section 29, in which a fuel opening 18 discharges into the intake channel 21. The fuel opening 18 is connected via a fuel channel 33 to a fuel valve 19, to which fuel is fed from a fuel tank (not illustrated). The fuel valve 19 controls the fuel quantity fed to the fuel opening 18. The fuel valve 19 can advantageously be an electromagnetic valve.

(9) The fuel valve 19 is activated by a control unit 20. The activation of the fuel valve 19 is performed in a manner dependent on the rotational position of the crankshaft 7, that is, in a manner dependent on the crankshaft angle α. The control unit 20 is configured such that the fuel valve 19 can be activated in the corresponding manner adapted to the engine cycle. For this purpose, the control unit 20 is equipped with a rotational position detector 47 for detecting the rotational position of the crankshaft 7, that is, for detecting the crankshaft angle α. The rotational position detector 47 may for example have at least one sensor for detecting the rotational position of the crankshaft 7. The rotational position detector 47 may however also determine the rotational position of the crankshaft 7, that is, the crankshaft angle α, from other signals, for example the voltage induced in an ignition device of the four stroke engine 1 or the voltage induced in a generator of the four stroke engine 1 or a combination of multiple signals. A detection of the rotational position of the crankshaft 7 from other signals, for example with the aid of the pressure prevailing in the crankcase interior 6, may also be provided. In an embodiment, the fuel valve 19 is a valve which is open when electrically deenergized. In an alternative embodiment, the fuel valve 19 may also be a fuel valve which is closed when electrically deenergized.

(10) A throttle element 16, in the embodiment a throttle flap, is mounted pivotably in the intake channel downstream of the fuel opening 18. Via the throttle element 16, an operator can adjust the quantity of fuel/air mixture that is drawn in through the intake channel 21.

(11) The intake channel 21 discharges with an inlet opening 22 into the combustion chamber. The inlet opening 22 is controlled by an inlet valve 24. For this purpose, the inlet valve 24 is movable in the direction of a double arrow 45. The inlet valve 24 has a valve disk 27 which opens up or closes off the inlet opening 22 in a manner dependent on the position of the inlet valve 24. Leading out of the combustion chamber 3 is an outlet opening 23 which is opened or closed by a valve disk 28 of an outlet valve 25. The outlet opening 23 is adjoined by an outlet channel 26, by which exhaust gases flow out of the combustion chamber 3. An exhaust silencer (not illustrated) can advantageously be connected to the outlet channel 26.

(12) To control the opening and closing times of inlet valve 24 and outlet valve 25, a valve drive 34 is provided, which is schematically indicated in FIG. 1 and which is described in detail with reference to FIG. 2. The valve drive 34 is arranged in a valve drive chamber 30. The intake channel 21 is connected to the crankcase interior 6 via a flow connection. In the embodiment, the flow connection includes the valve drive chamber 30 and a connecting opening 11. As shown in FIG. 1, the connecting opening 11 discharges with a discharge opening 42 into the intake channel 21. The discharge opening 42 is arranged downstream of the throttle element 16. The valve drive chamber 30 includes a lever chamber 10 and at least one connecting channel 9, which in the embodiment is connected via a further connecting opening 48 to the crankcase interior 6.

(13) FIG. 2 schematically shows one possible configuration variant for the embodiment of the valve drive 34. In the embodiment, a drive pinion 35 is connected rotationally conjointly to the crankshaft 7, which drive pinion meshes with a driven wheel 36. The diameter of the driven wheel 36 is considerably greater than that of the drive pinion 35, such that drive pinion 35 and driven wheel 36 form a reduction gearing. Fixed to the driven wheel 36 is a cam 37, against which two rocker arms 38 bear. The driven wheel 36 and the cam 37 advantageously rotate at half of the rotational speed of the crankshaft 7. On each rocker arm 38, there is formed a support 41 against which a pushrod 39 bears. The pushrods 39 actuate in each case one lever 40. The levers 40 are arranged in the lever chamber 10 and in turn actuate the plungers of inlet valve 24 and outlet valve 25. The valves 24 and 25 (FIG. 1) are in this case mounted so as to be spring-loaded in the direction of their closed position and are moved in the direction of their opened position by the levers 40 when the pushrods 39 move further away from the crankcase 5 into the lever chamber 10. The pushrods 39 run through the connecting channels 9. The driven wheel 36, the cam 37 and the rocker arm 38 are arranged in a cam chamber 46. The cam chamber 46 is connected to the crankcase interior 6 via the connecting opening 48 that is schematically illustrated in FIG. 1.

(14) FIG. 3 schematically shows the course of the pressure p in the combustion chamber 3, the opening time interval A of the outlet valve, the opening time interval E of the inlet valve and the opening time interval T of the fuel valve 19 versus the crankshaft angle α. Here, FIG. 3 shows the course over two engine cycles. Here, each engine cycle includes a power stroke 14, an exhaust stroke 15, an intake stroke 12 and a compression stroke 13, which follow one another in the stated sequence.

(15) At the start of the power stroke 14, inlet valve 24 and outlet valve 25 are closed. In the embodiment, the pressure p in the combustion chamber 3 reaches its maximum at the start of the power stroke 14 and thereupon drops sharply. The pressure maximum arises owing to the combustion of fuel/air mixture that has previously taken place in the combustion chamber 3. During the power stroke 14, the piston 4 moves in the direction from the combustion chamber 3 to the crankcase interior 6, that is, in the direction of the arrow 32 in FIG. 1. The piston 4 performs a downward stroke, wherein the volume of the combustion chamber 3 increases in size. The pressure decreases owing to the volume increasing in size in the combustion chamber 3.

(16) The bottom dead center of the piston 4 is reached at a crankshaft angle of 180°. The exhaust stroke 15 extends in a range of the crankshaft angle α from 180° to 360° in the diagram in FIG. 3. During the exhaust stroke 15, the piston 4 moves in an upward stroke from the crankcase interior 6 in the direction of the combustion chamber 3. Here, the piston 4 increases the size of the volume of the crankcase interior 6 and decreases the size of the volume of the combustion chamber 3.

(17) The opening time interval A of the outlet valve is illustrated in FIG. 3 by a block which begins at an opening time a.sub.1 and ends at a closing time a.sub.2. The opening time interval E of the inlet valve 24 is illustrated in FIG. 3 by a block which begins at an opening time e.sub.1 and ends at a closing time e.sub.2.

(18) The outlet valve 25 opens at the opening time a.sub.1, which lies in the second half of the power stroke 14. As a result, exhaust gases flow out of the combustion chamber 3 through the opened outlet opening 23 into the outlet channel 26. During the exhaust stroke 15, the piston 4 displaces the exhaust gases through the outlet opening 23. The outlet valve 25 is fully open during the exhaust stroke 15.

(19) The outlet valve 25 closes at a closing time a.sub.2, which lies in the intake stroke 12 that follows the exhaust stroke 15. During the intake stroke 12, the piston 4 moves in a downward stroke from the combustion chamber 3 in the direction of the crankcase interior 6. The pressure p in the combustion chamber 3 is low, such that the fuel/air mixture is drawn from the intake channel 21 into the combustion chamber 3 through the opened inlet opening 22. The inlet valve 24 opens at the opening time e.sub.1, which in the embodiment lies in the second half of the exhaust stroke 15. The inlet valve 24 is fully open during the intake stroke 12. The inlet valve 24 closes at a closing time e.sub.2, which lies in the compression stroke 13. The compression stroke 13 follows the intake stroke 12. In the compression stroke 13, the piston 4 moves from the crankcase interior 6 in the direction of the combustion chamber 3 and thereby compresses the fuel/air mixture arranged in the combustion chamber 3. As soon as the inlet valve 24 has closed, the pressure in the combustion chamber 3 increases sharply, as shown in FIG. 2. Subsequently, the mixture is ignited at the end of the compression stroke 13, and the piston is accelerated in the direction of the crankcase interior 6, as already described with regard to the first engine cycle.

(20) In the embodiment, the fuel valve 19 opens at an opening time t.sub.1 and closes at a closing time t.sub.2. In FIG. 3, this is schematically illustrated by the feed of energy to the fuel valve 19, which is open when electrically deenergized. Energy is fed to the fuel valve 19 whilst the fuel valve 19 is closed, in the embodiment over a closing time interval S which extends from the closing time t.sub.2 to the subsequent opening time t.sub.1. In an alternative embodiment, the fuel valve 19 is a fuel valve 19 which is closed when electrically deenergized.

(21) In the embodiment, the opening time t.sub.1 lies in the compression stroke 13. In the embodiment, the fuel valve 19 opens at an opening time t.sub.1 which is simultaneous with the closing time e.sub.2 at which the inlet opening 22 closes. In the compression stroke 13, the piston 4 moves in an upward stroke. The volume of the crankcase interior 6 thus increases in size. Since the inlet valve 24 is closed, the fuel/air mixture is drawn from the intake channel 21 via the valve drive chamber 30 into the crankcase interior 6. Effective lubrication of the moving parts in the crankcase interior 6 is thus realized. It is advantageous if, in each engine cycle, at least 20%, in particular at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, of the opening time interval T of the fuel valve 19 lies in the compression stroke 13. The fuel valve 19 is advantageously open over at least 20%, in particular at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, of the compression stroke 13. In the embodiment, the fuel valve 19 is open over more than half of the compression stroke 13.

(22) In the embodiment, the fuel valve 19 remains open until a time t.sub.2 which lies in the intake stroke 12. The fuel valve 19 is accordingly advantageously open over the entire power stroke 14 and the entire exhaust stroke 15. Owing to the pulsation of the mixture in the intake channel 21, it is also possible during this time for the fuel/air mixture in the valve drive chamber 30 to be conveyed into the crankcase interior 6. The pulsation in the intake channel 21 arises for example owing to the change in volume of the crankcase interior 6 as the piston 4 moves.

(23) The fuel valve 19 is open at least over a part of the exhaust stroke 15. In an alternative embodiment, provision may be made whereby the fuel valve 19 is open not over the entire exhaust stroke 15 but only over a part of the exhaust stroke 15. The fuel valve 19 advantageously opens in the exhaust stroke 15 and is open over at least a part of the intake stroke 12. The fuel valve 19 opens in particular during the exhaust stroke 15 at a time at which the inlet valve 24 is still closed. In this configuration variant, the time t.sub.1 at which the fuel valve 19 opens advantageously lies in the exhaust stroke 15 and before the opening time e.sub.1 at which the inlet valve 24 opens. In this way, it can be ensured that fuel is drawn into the crankcase interior 6 via the flow connection.

(24) In the embodiment, the closing time t.sub.2 lies toward the end of the intake stroke 12. The richness of the fuel/air mixture flowing into the combustion chamber can be set via the position of the closing time t.sub.2 during the intake stroke 12. The fuel valve 19 is closed during the end of the intake stroke 12 and the beginning of the compression stroke 13. The inlet valve 24 is open during this time interval. The opening time interval E of the inlet valve 24 and the closing time interval S during which the fuel valve 19 is closed accordingly overlap over a time interval D. Over a time interval B, both the inlet valve 24 and the fuel valve 19 are open.

(25) FIG. 3 schematically shows a further alternative closing time t.sub.2′ for the fuel valve 19, which lies earlier than the closing time t.sub.2. As shown in FIG. 3, the alternative closing time t.sub.2′ lies shortly after the closing time a.sub.2 of the outlet valve 25. The time interval B′ during which both the inlet valve 24 and the fuel valve 19 are open is shorter than the time interval B in an operating state of the four stroke engine 1 in which the fuel valve 19 closes for the first time at the closing time t.sub.2. The fuel quantity that is fed can be adapted to the operating state of the four stroke engine 1 via the position of the closing time t.sub.2, t.sub.2′.

(26) Sufficient lubrication of the crankcase interior 6 is ensured by virtue of the fuel valve 19 being open at least also during a part of the compression stroke 13 of the four stroke engine 1. The fuel valve 19 is in this case advantageously open, in every engine cycle, both during a part of the intake stroke 12, in order to ensure a sufficient feed of fuel into the combustion chamber 3, and during at least a part of the compression stroke 13, in order to ensure a feed of fuel into the crankcase interior 6. By virtue of the fuel valve 19 being activated in a manner dependent on the engine cycle, sufficient lubrication of the four stroke engine 1 and even running of the four stroke engine 1 can be ensured. The fuel valve 19 is opened at least once during every opening time interval E of the inlet valve 24. It is advantageous if, in each engine cycle, at least 20%, in particular at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, of the opening time interval T of the fuel valve 19 lies in the compression stroke 13. The fuel valve 19 is advantageously open over at least 20%, in particular at least 30%, preferably at least 40% of the compression stroke 13.

(27) The four stroke engine 1 of the blower apparatus 50 (FIG. 4) preferably rotates at a rotational speed of approximately 5,000 to approximately 11,000 revolutions per minute, in particular of approximately 5,000 to approximately 9,000 revolutions per minute, at full load. It has been found that, in particular at such rather low rotational speeds at full load, the stated coordination of opening time t.sub.1 and closing time t.sub.2 with the engine cycle and in particular also with the opening time interval E of the inlet valve 24 (FIG. 3) is advantageous in order to ensure that, in every engine cycle, there is a sufficient fuel quantity present in the combustion chamber 3 (FIG. 1) such that a combustion can take place. Through the stated coordination of the opening time interval T of the fuel valve 19 with the crankshaft angle α (FIG. 3), sufficient lubrication of the crankcase interior 6 (FIG. 1) is also realized.

(28) It is understood that the foregoing description is that of the preferred embodiments of the invention and that various changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.