Polyunsaturated fatty acid monoglycerides, compositions, methods and uses thereof

Abstract

There are provided various compounds and compositions comprising polyunsaturated fatty acid monoglycerides and derivatives thereof. These compounds and compositions can be useful for use as prebiotic in a subject; for the modulation of the microbiota composition; for enhancing the population of good bacteria like Akkermansia muciniphila and for enhancing the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy of a subject. These compounds and compositions comprise at least one compound chosen from formula (I), (II), (III), (IV). ##STR00001##

Claims

1. A method of using a composition comprising at least one compound chosen from compound of formula (I), compound of formula (II), compound of formula (III) and compound of formula (IV): ##STR00003## said method comprising administering an effective amount of the composition comprising said at least one compound as a prebiotic, wherein said administration increases at least one probiotic strain selected from Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium animalis, Lactobaccilus acidophilus, Lactococcus lactis, and Ruminococcus.

2. A method for modulating gut microbiota of a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a composition comprising at least one compound chosen from compound of formula (I), compound of formula (II), compound of formula (III) and compound of formula (IV): ##STR00004## wherein said administration increases at least one probiotic strain selected from Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium animalis, Lactobaccilus acidophilus, Lactococcus lactis, and Ruminococcus.

3. A method for enhancing population of at least one probiotic strain of a subject in need thereof comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a composition comprising at least one compound chosen from compound of formula (I), compound of formula (II), compound of formula (III) and compound of formula (IV): ##STR00005## wherein said probiotic strain is selected from Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium animalis, Lactobaccilus acidophilus, Lactococcus lactis, and Ruminococcus.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein said at least one compound is said compound of formula (I).

5. The method of claim 2, wherein said at least one compound is said compound of formula (II).

6. The method of claim 2, wherein said at least one compound is said compound of formula (III).

7. The method of claim 2, wherein said at least one compound is said compound of formula (IV).

8. The method of claim 2, wherein said at least one compound is said compound of formula (I), said compound of formula (III) and said compound of formula (IV).

9. The method of claim 2, wherein said at least one compound is said compound of formula (I) and said compound of formula (IV).

10. The method of claim 2, wherein said at least one compound is said compound of formula (I) and said compound of formula (III).

11. The method of claim 2, wherein said at least one compound is said compound of formula (III) and said compound of formula (IV).

12. The method of claim 2, wherein said at least one compound chosen from compound of formula (I), compound of formula (II), compound of formula (III) and compound of formula (IV) is administered in combination with at least one lipid.

13. The method of claim 2, wherein said at least one lipid and said at least one compound are administered simultaneously.

14. The method of claim 2, wherein said at least one lipid and said at least one compound are administered separately.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

(1) Further features and advantages will become more readily apparent from the following description of specific embodiments as illustrated by way of examples in the appended figures wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 represents the effect of composition 1 (Eicosapentaenoic acid monoglyceride, MAG-EPA) on gut-derived microbiota (A) and tumor-derived microbiota (B). 16S rDNA was extracted from stool samples and tumors of mice fed with composition 1 or control HOSO (higholeic sunflower oil, n=12/group) for 4 weeks before injection of TRAMP-C2 prostate cancer cells. Daily gavage was continued until animal sacrifice.

(3) FIG. 2 represents the 16S rDNA sequencing of gut-derived microbiota. N=45 participating to a clinical trial comparing daily composition 1 supplementation (MAG-EPA) versus placebo for 6-8 weeks. Relative abundance of bacteria enriched in both groups+/−SEM are represented. Most bacteria overrepresented in gut-derived microbiota of composition 1 group compared to placebo (arrows) have already been associated with favorable clinical response.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

(4) Further features and advantages of the previously-mentioned compounds will become more readily apparent from the following description of non-limiting examples.

(5) The term “microbiota” as used herein refers to an “ecological community of commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms” found in and on all multicellular organisms. For example, in human the microbiota can refers to whole body microbiota or organ specific microbiota like gut microbiota, prostate microbiota, skin microbiota, etc.

(6) The term “prebiotic” as used herein refers to a food ingredient that induces the growth or activity of beneficial microorganisms (e.g., bacteria and fungi).

(7) The term “lipid” as used herein refers to as any fat-soluble (lipophilic), molecules, such as fats, fat-like substances, oils (such as animal oil, marine oil, vegetable oil, fish oil concentrate, re-esterified fish oil or re-esterified concentrated fish oil), waxes, sterols (such as cholesterol, ergosterol, sitosterol, stigmasterol, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), fatty acids, oxidized fatty acid (such as lipoxin, specialized pro-resolving mediators or epoxydes), fatty acids esters thereof, and various derivatives thereof such as monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, glycolipids, and cerebrosides and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

(8) The expression “effective amount” of a compound of the present disclosure is a quantity sufficient to, when administered to the subject, including a mammal, for example a human, effect beneficial or desired results, including clinical results, and, as such, an “effective amount” depends upon the context in which it is being applied. The amount of a given compound of the present disclosure that will correspond to such an amount will vary depending upon various factors, such as the given drug or compound, the pharmaceutical formulation, the route of administration, the identity of the subject or host being treated, and the like, but can nevertheless be routinely determined by one skilled in the art.

(9) The term “probiotic strain” as used herein refers to any microorganisms that are known to provide health benefits when consumed. The World Health Organization's (WHO) 2001 defines probiotics as live microorganisms that, “ . . . when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host”.

(10) For example, the subject in need thereof can be a bee, human, cat, dog, etc. . . . .

(11) For example, the at least one compound is said compound of formula (I).

(12) For example, the at least one compound is said compound of formula (II).

(13) For example, the at least one compound is said compound of formula (III).

(14) For example, the at least one compound is said compound of formula (IV).

(15) For example, the at least one compound is said compound of formula (I), said compound of formula (III) and said compound of formula (IV).

(16) For example, the at least one compound is said compound of formula (I) and said compound of formula (IV).

(17) For example, the at least one compound is said compound of formula (I) and said compound of formula (III).

(18) For example, the at least one compound is said compound of formula (III) and said compound of formula (IV).

(19) For example, the at least one compound can be for use in combination with at least one lipid.

(20) For example, the at least one lipid and said at least one compound can be for simultaneous administration.

(21) For example, the at least one lipid and said at least one compound can be for separate administration.

(22) For example, the at least one compound chosen from compound of formula (I), compound of formula (II), compound of formula (III) and compound of formula (IV) can be administered in combination with at least one lipid.

(23) For example, the at least one lipid and said at least one compound can be administered simultaneously.

(24) For example, the at least one lipid and said at least one compound can be administered separately.

(25) For example, the at least one lipid can be chosen from animal oil, marine oil, fish oil, fish oil concentrate, re-esterified fish oil, re-esterified concentrated fish oil, vegetable oil, fatty acids, fatty acids ethyl esters, fatty acids esters, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides and phospholipids.

(26) For example, the at least one lipid can be chosen from marine oil, fish oil, fish oil concentrate, re-esterified fish oil, re-esterified concentrated fish oil, fatty acids ethyl esters, fatty acids esters, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides and phospholipids.

(27) For example, the at least one probiotic strain can be chosen from Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacillus coagulans, Bifidobacterium animalis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobaccilus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Ruminococcus, Lactococcus lactis, Streptococcus thermophilus, Streptococcus salivarius and Christensenellaceae family.

(28) For example, the at least one probiotic strain can be chosen from Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium animalis, Lactobaccilus acidophilus, Lactococcus lactis, Ruminococcus and Christensenellaceae family.

Example 1

(29) Preparation of a Composition (Composition 1) Comprising Compound IV.

(30) Composition 1 comprising compound IV, was prepared by reacting 1 kg of EPA concentrated fish oil (ethyl ester form) with 0.27 kg of glycerol with 0.05 kg of Novozym 435 (lipase) in 2 kg of acetone at 50° C. for 4 h. The lipase was filtered, the acetone was removed in vacuo and the mixture was allowed to stand for phase separation. The lower unreacted glycerol phase was removed to give 1 kg of the final composition 1 comprising compound IV, unreacted ethyl ester and small amount of diglycerides and triglyceride.

Example 2

(31) Composition 1 Increase the Amount of Akkermansia muciniphila in Gut Microbita

(32) Data from a prostate cancer mouse model showed increased of Akkermansia muciniphila in fecal samples of a lipid formulation containing composition 1-fed animals (FIG. 1B). The presence of Akkermansia is believed to stimulate immunotherapy response in cancer patients. In addition, mouse prostate tumor-derived as well as gut-derived microbiota from lipid formulation containing composition 1-treated animals showed reduced Bacteroides fragilis (FIG. 1C, 1D). B. fragilis can produce a toxin that damages host epithelial cells.

Example 2

(33) Composition 1 Modulate the Gut Microbita in a Phase II Human Clinical Trial.

(34) 45 patients were randomized to either composition 1 or a placebo for 6-8 weeks before prostatectomy for prostate cancer. 16srRNA analyses showed striking changes in the composition of the gut microbiota of the lipid formulation containing composition 1-treated patients (FIG. 2), in particular an increased abundance of Ruminococcus and Alistipes, associated in other studies with favourable response to immunotherapy

(35) While the compounds, compositions, methods and uses thereof have been described in connection with specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood that they can be further modified and this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the compounds, compositions, methods and uses thereof following, in general, the principles described in the present document and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the present document pertains and as may be applied to the features hereinbefore set forth, and as follows in the scope of the appended claims.