Liquid-crystalline medium

Abstract

Compounds of the formula I, liquid-crystalline media which contain at least one compound of the formula I and electro-optical displays which contain the LC mixtures, especially for the self-aligning VA, PSA, PS-VA, PVA, MVA, PM-VA, HT-VA or VA-IPS mode ##STR00001##
in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, ring A.sub.1, Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2, Sp, P, L.sub.1, L.sub.2, r1, r2, r3, m, n, p1 and p2 have the meanings indicated above.

Claims

1. Liquid-crystalline medium based on a mixture of polar compounds which contains at least one compound of the formula I, ##STR00496## in which R.sup.1 denotes H, an alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1 to 15 C atoms, where, in addition, one or more CH.sub.2 groups in these radicals may each be replaced, independently of one another, by —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CF.sub.2O—, —CH═CH—, ##STR00497## —O—, —CO—O—, —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen, R.sup.2 denotes an alkyl radical having 1 to 8 C atoms, ##STR00498## Denotes ##STR00499## L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 in each case, independently of one another, denotes F, Cl, Br, I, —CN, —NO.sub.2, —NCO, —NCS, —OCN, —SCN, straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, branched alkyl having 3 to 5 C atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 5 C atoms, alkylcarbonyl having 2 to 5 C atoms, alkoxycarbonyl having 2 to 5 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl, L.sup.3 in each case, independently of one another, denotes Cl, Br, I, —CN, —NO.sub.2, —NCO, —NCS, —OCN, —SCN, straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, branched alkyl having 3 to 5 C atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 5 C atoms, alkylcarbonyl having 2 to 5 C atoms, alkoxycarbonyl having 2 to 5 C atoms, alkylcarbonyloxy having 2 to 5 C atoms or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 2 to 5 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl, m denotes 0, 1 or 2, n denotes 1 or 2, P denotes a polymerisable group, Sp denotes a spacer group or a single bond, Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 in each case, independently of one another, denotes a single bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —OCO—, —O—CO—O—, —OCH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2O—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —(CH.sub.2).sub.4—, —CF.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2CF.sub.2—, —CF.sub.2CF.sub.2—, —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, —C≡C—, —CH═CH—COO— or —OCO—CH═CH—, p1 denotes 1, 2 or 3, r1 denotes 0, 1, 2 or 3, whereas p1+r1≤4, p2 denotes 0, 1, 2 or 3 r2 denotes 1, 2 or 3, whereas p2+r2≤4.

2. Liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1 which contains at least one compound of the formula I*, ##STR00500## in which R.sup.1 denotes H, an alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1 to 15 C atoms, where, in addition, one or more CH.sub.2 groups in these radicals may each be replaced, independently of one another, by —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CF.sub.2O—, —CH═CH—, ##STR00501## —O—, —CO—O—, —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen, R.sup.2 denotes an alkyl radical having 1 to 8 C atoms, ##STR00502## Denotes ##STR00503## L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 in each case, independently of one another, denotes F, Cl, Br, I, —CN, —NO.sub.2, —NCO, —NCS, —OCN, —SCN, straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, branched alkyl having 3 to 5 C atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 5 C atoms, alkylcarbonyl having 2 to 5 C atoms, alkoxycarbonyl having 2 to 5 C atoms, alkylcarbonyloxy having 2 to 5 C atoms or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 2 to 5 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl, P denotes a polymerisable group, Sp denotes a spacer group or a single bond, Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 in each case, independently of one another, denotes a single bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —OCO—, —O—CO—O—, —OCH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2O—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —(CH.sub.2).sub.4—, —CF.sub.2CH.sub.2—, CH.sub.2CF.sub.2—, —CF.sub.2—CF.sub.2—, —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, —C≡C—, —CH═CH—COO— or —OCO—CH═CH—, p1 denotes 1, 2 or 3, r1 denotes 0, 1, 2 or 3, whereas p1+r1≤4, p2 denotes 0, 1, 2 or 3 r2 denotes 1, 2 or 3, whereas p2+r2≤4.

3. Liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 2 wherein the compound of the formula I is selected from the following group of compounds of the formula I-A to I-H, ##STR00504## in which R.sup.a denotes ##STR00505## and R.sup.1 denotes H, an alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1 to 15 C atoms, where, in addition, one or more CH.sub.2 groups in these radicals may each be replaced, independently of one another, by —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH═CH—, ##STR00506## —O—, —CO—O—, —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen, R.sup.2 denotes an alkyl radical having 1 to 8 C atoms, L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 in each case, independently of one another, denotes F, Cl, Br, I, —CN, —NO.sub.2, —NCO, —NCS, —OCN, —SCN, straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, branched alkyl having 3 to 5 C atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 5 C atoms, alkylcarbonyl having 2 to 5 C atoms, alkoxycarbonyl having 2 to 5 C atoms, alkylcarbonyloxy having 2 to 5 C atoms or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 2 to 5 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl, m denotes 0, 1 or 2, P denotes a polymerisable group, Sp denotes a spacer group or a single bond, and Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 in each case, independently of one another, denotes a single bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —OCO—, —O—CO—O—, —OCH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2O—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —(CH.sub.2).sub.4—, —CF.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2CF.sub.2—, —CF.sub.2CF.sub.2—, —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, —C≡C—, —CH═CH—COO— or —OCO—CH═CH—, L.sup.3 in each case, independently of one another, denotes Cl, Br, I, —CN, —NO.sub.2, —NCO, —NCS, —OCN, —SCN, straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, branched alkyl having 3 to 5 C atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 5 C atoms, alkylcarbonyl having 2 to 5 C atoms, alkoxycarbonyl having 2 to 5 C atoms, alkylcarbonyloxy having 2 to 5 C atoms or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 2 to 5 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl, r1 denotes 0, 1, 2 or 3, whereas p1+r1≤4, r2 denotes 1, 2 or 3, whereas p2+r2≤4.

4. Liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1 wherein the medium contains at least one compound selected from the following group of compounds of the formula I-1 to I-79 ##STR00507## ##STR00508## ##STR00509## ##STR00510## ##STR00511## ##STR00512## ##STR00513## ##STR00514## ##STR00515## wherein R.sup.1, L.sup.1, L.sup.2, L.sup.3, Sp, P have the meanings given in claim 1 and R.sup.a denotes ##STR00516## wherein R.sup.2 denotes an alkyl radical having 1 to 8 C atoms and m denotes 0, 1 or 2.

5. Liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1 wherein the medium contains at least one compound selected from the following group of compounds ##STR00517## ##STR00518## ##STR00519## ##STR00520## ##STR00521## ##STR00522## ##STR00523## wherein R.sup.a denotes ##STR00524##

6. Liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1 wherein the medium contains at least one compound selected from the compounds of the formula I wherein R.sup.2 denotes CH.sub.3, C.sub.2H.sub.5, C.sub.3H.sub.7 or C.sub.4H.sub.9.

7. Liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1 which contains at least one compound of the formula I and at least one polymerisable compound.

8. Liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1 which contains 0.01 to 10% by weight of the compound of the formula I based on the mixture as a whole.

9. Liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 7 wherein the polymerisable compound is selected from the compounds of the formula M
R.sup.Ma-A.sup.M1-(Z.sup.M1-A.sup.M2).sub.m1-R.sup.Mb  M in which the individual radicals have the following meanings: R.sup.Ma and R.sup.Mb each, independently of one another, denote P, P-Sp-, H, halogen, SF.sub.5, NO.sub.2, an alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group, P denotes a polymerisable group, Sp denotes a spacer group or a single bond, A.sup.M1 and A.sup.M2 each, independently of one another, denote an aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic or heterocyclic group, which may also encompass or contain fused rings, and which may optionally be mono- or polysubstituted by L, L denotes P, P-Sp-, F, Cl, Br, I, —CN, —NO.sub.2, —NCO, —NCS, —OCN, —SCN, —C(═O)N(R.sup.x).sub.2, —C(═O)Y.sup.1, —C(═O)R.sup.x, —N(R.sup.x).sub.2, optionally substituted silyl, optionally substituted aryl having 6 to 20 C atoms, or straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, branched alkyl having 3 to 25 C atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 25 C atoms, alkylcarbonyl having 2 to 25 C atoms, alkoxycarbonyl having 2 to 25 C atoms, alkylcarbonyloxy having 2 to 25 C atoms or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 2 to 25 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, P or P-Sp-, Y.sup.1 denotes halogen, Z.sup.M1 denotes —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —OCO—, —O—CO—O—, —OCH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2O—, —SCH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2S—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —CF.sub.2S—, —SCF.sub.2—, —(CH.sub.2).sub.n1—, —CF.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2CF.sub.2—, —(CF.sub.2).sub.n1—, —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, —C≡C—, —CH═CH—, —COO—, —OCO—CH═CH—, CR.sup.0R.sup.00 or a single bond, R.sup.0 and R.sup.00 each, independently of one another, denote H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, R.sup.x denotes P, P-Sp-, H, halogen, straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, branched alkyl having 3 to 25 C atoms or cyclic alkyl having 3 to 25 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O— in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, P or P-Sp-, an optionally substituted aryl or aryloxy group having 6 to 40 C atoms, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl or heteroaryloxy group having 2 to 40 C atoms, m1 denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, and n1 denotes 1, 2, 3 or 4, where at least one from the group R.sup.Ma, R.sup.Mb and the substituents L present denotes a group P or P-Sp- or contains at least one group P or P-Sp-.

10. Liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 9 wherein the polymerisable compound of the formula M is selected from the group of compounds of the formula M1 to M41, ##STR00525## ##STR00526## ##STR00527## ##STR00528## ##STR00529## in which the individual radicals have the following meanings: P.sup.1, P.sup.2 and P.sup.3 each, independently of one another, denote a polymerisable group, Sp.sup.1, Sp.sup.2 and Sp.sup.3 each, independently of one another, denote a single bond or a spacer group, where, in addition, one or more of the radicals P.sup.1-Sp.sup.1-, P.sup.2-Sp.sup.2- and P.sup.3-Sp.sup.3- may denote R.sup.aa, with the proviso that at least one of the radicals P.sup.1-Sp.sup.1-, P.sup.2-Sp.sup.2- and P.sup.3-Sp.sup.3- present does not denote R.sup.aa, R.sup.aa denotes H, F, Cl, CN or straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms or branched alkyl having 3 to 25 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may each be replaced, independently of one another, by C(R.sup.0═C(R.sup.00)—, —C≡C—, —N(R.sup.0)—, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O— in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, Cl, CN or P.sup.1-Sp.sup.1-, R.sup.0 and R.sup.00 each, independently of one another and identically or differently on each occurrence, denote H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, R.sup.y and R.sup.z each, independently of one another, denote H, F, CH.sub.3 or CF.sub.3, X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 each, independently of one another, denote —CO—O—, —O—CO— or a single bond, Z.sup.1 denotes —O—, —CO—, —C(R.sup.yR.sup.z)— or —CF.sub.2CF.sub.2—, Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.3 each, independently of one another, denote —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH.sub.2O—, —OCH.sub.2—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2— or —(CH.sub.2).sub.n—, where n is 2, 3 or 4, L on each occurrence, identically or differently, denotes F, Cl, CN or straight-chain alkyl, optionally mono- or polyfluorinated, having 1 to 12 C atoms, branched alkyl, optionally mono- or polyfluorinated, having 3 to 12 C atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 C atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 C atoms, alkynyl having 2 to 12 C atoms, alkylcarbonyl having 2 to 12 C atoms, alkoxycarbonyl having 2 to 12 C atoms, alkylcarbonyloxy having 2 to 12 C atoms or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 2 to 12 C atoms, L′ and L″ each, independently of one another, denote H, F or Cl, r denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, denotes 0, 1, 2 or 3, t denotes 0, 1 or 2, x denotes 0 or 1.

11. Liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, which additionally contains one or more compounds selected from the group of the compounds of the formulae IIA, IIB and IIC ##STR00530## in which R.sup.2A, R.sup.2B and R.sup.2C each, independently of one another, denote H, an alkyl or alkenyl radical having 1 to 15 C atoms which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted by CN or CF.sub.3 or at least monosubstituted by halogen, where, in addition, one or more CH.sub.2 groups in these radicals may be replaced by —O—, —S—, ##STR00531## —C≡C—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —OC—O— or —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, L.sup.1-4 each, independently of one another, denote F, Cl, CF.sub.3 or OCHF.sub.2 Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.2′ each, independently of one another, denote a single bond, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH═CH—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2O—, —OCH.sub.2—, —COO—, —OCO—, —C.sub.2F.sub.4—, —CF═CF—, —CH═CHCH.sub.2O—, (O)C.sub.vH.sub.2v+1 denotes OC.sub.vH.sub.2v+1 or C.sub.vH.sub.2v+1 p denotes 0, 1 or 2, q denotes 0 or 1, and v denotes 1 to 6.

12. Liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, which additionally contains one or more compounds of the formula III, ##STR00532## in which R.sup.31 and R.sup.32 each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxyalkyl or alkoxy radical having 1 to 12 C atoms, ##STR00533## denotes ##STR00534## Z.sup.3 denotes a single bond, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH═CH—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2O—, —OCH.sub.2—, —COO—, —OCO—, —C.sub.2F.sub.4—, —C.sub.4H.sub.8—, —CF═CF—.

13. Liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein the medium additionally contains at least one compound of the formulae L-1 to L-11, ##STR00535## ##STR00536## in which R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each, independently of one another, denote H, an alkyl or alkenyl radical having 1 to 15 C atoms which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted by CN or CF.sub.3 or at least monosubstituted by halogen, where, in addition, one or more CH.sub.2 groups in these radicals may be replaced by —O—, —S—, ##STR00537## —C≡C—, —CF.sub.2O—, OCF.sub.2—, —OC—O— or —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and alkyl denotes an alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, (O)-alkyl denotes O-alkyl or alkyl, and s denotes 1 or 2.

14. Liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein the medium additionally comprises one or more terphenyls of the formulae T-1 to T-23, ##STR00538## ##STR00539## ##STR00540## in which R denotes a straight-chain alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1-7 C atoms, (O)C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1 denotes OC.sub.mH.sub.2m+1 or C.sub.mH.sub.2m+1, m denotes 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and n denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.

15. Liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein the medium additionally comprises one or more compounds of the formulae O-1 to O-17, ##STR00541## ##STR00542## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each, independently of one another, denote H, an alkyl or alkenyl radical having 1 to 15 C atoms which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted by CN or CF.sub.3 or at least monosubstituted by halogen, where, in addition, one or more CH.sub.2 groups in these radicals may be replaced by —O—, —S—, ##STR00543## —C≡C—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —OC—O— or —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another.

16. Liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein the medium additionally contains one or more indane compounds of the formula In, ##STR00544## in which R.sup.11, R.sup.12, R.sup.13 denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-5 C atoms, alkoxy radical having 1-5 C atoms, alkoxyalkyl radical having 2-5 C atoms or alkenyl radical having 2-5 C atoms, R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 additionally also denote H or halogen, ##STR00545## denotes ##STR00546## i denotes 0, 1 or 2.

17. Liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein the medium additionally contains one or more UV absorbers, antioxidants, nanoparticles and free-radical scavengers.

18. Process for the preparation of a liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1, wherein at least one self-aligning compound of the formula I is mixed with at least two liquid-crystalline compounds, and optionally with at least one polymerisable compound and optionally one or more additives.

19. A method which comprises introducing the liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1 in an electro-optical display.

20. A method according to claim 19 wherein the electro-optical display provides a self-aligning VA mode.

21. Electro-optical display having active-matrix or passive-matrix addressing, which contains, as dielectric, a liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1.

22. Electro-optical display according to claim 21, which is a VA, PSA, PS-VA, PVA, MVA, PM-VA, HT-VA or VA-IPS display.

23. Compounds of the formula I ##STR00547## in which R.sup.1 denotes H, an alkyl or alkoxy radical having 1 to 15 C atoms, where, in addition, one or more CH.sub.2 groups in these radicals may each be replaced, independently of one another, by —CH═CH—, —C≡C—, —CF.sub.2O—, —CH═CH—, ##STR00548## —O—, —CO—O—, —O—CO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by halogen, R.sup.2 denotes an alkyl radical having 1 to 8 C atoms, ##STR00549## denotes ##STR00550## L.sup.1 and L.sup.2 in each case, independently of one another, denotes F, Cl, Br, I, —CN, —NO.sub.2, —NCO, —NCS, —OCN, —SCN, straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, branched alkyl having 3 to 5 C atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 5 C atoms, alkylcarbonyl having 2 to 5 C atoms, alkoxycarbonyl having 2 to 5 C atoms, alkylcarbonyloxy having 2 to 5 C atoms or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 2 to 5 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl, L.sup.3 in each case, independently of one another, denotes Cl, Br, I, CN, —NO.sub.2, —NCO, —NCS, —OCN, —SCN, straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 5 C atoms, branched alkyl having 3 to 5 C atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 5 C atoms, alkylcarbonyl having 2 to 5 C atoms, alkoxycarbonyl having 2 to 5 C atoms, alkylcarbonyloxy having 2 to 5 C atoms or alkoxycarbonyloxy having 2 to 5 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may be replaced by F or Cl, m denotes 0, 1 or 2, n denotes 1 or 2, P denotes a polymerisable group, Sp denotes a spacer group or a single bond, Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 in each case, independently of one another, denotes a single bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —OCO—, —O—CO—O—, —OCH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2O—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —(CH.sub.2).sub.4—, —CF.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2CF.sub.2—, —CF.sub.2CF.sub.2—, —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, —C≡C—, —CH═CH—COO— or —OCO—CH═CH—, p1 denotes 1, 2 or 3, r1 denotes 0, 1, 2 or 3, whereas p1+r1≤4, p2 denotes 0, 1, 2 or 3 r2 denotes 1, 2 or 3, whereas p2+r2≤4.

24. Liquid-crystalline medium according to claim 1 based on a mixture of polar compounds which contains at least one compound of the formula I, wherein p1=2 or 3.

25. Compounds of claim 23 of the formula I, wherein p1=2 or 3.

Description

EXAMPLES

(1) The following examples are intended to explain the invention without restricting it. In the examples, m.p. denotes the melting point and C denotes the clearing point of a liquid-crystalline substance in degrees Celsius; boiling points are denoted by b.p. Furthermore:

(2) C denotes crystalline solid state, S denotes smectic phase (the index denotes the phase type), N denotes nematic state, Ch denotes cholesteric phase, I denotes isotropic phase, T.sub.g denotes glass transition temperature. The number between two symbols indicates the conversion temperature in degrees Celsius.

(3) Conventional work-up means: water is added, the mixture is extracted with methylene chloride, the phases are separated, the organic phase is dried and evaporated, and the product is purified by crystallisation and/or chromatography.

Example 1

Synthesis of 3-{5-[2-ethyl-4-(4-pentylphenyl)phenyl]-2-[4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)butoxy]-3-{3-[(2-methylprop-2-enoyl)oxy]propyl}phenyl}-propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate 1

(4) ##STR00453##

Step 1.1

Synthesis of 2,6-dibromo-4-[2-ethyl-4-(4-pentylphenyl)-phenyl]phenol A

(5) ##STR00454##

(6) 20.6 g (59.8 mmol) 4-[2-ethyl-4-(4-pentylphenyl)phenyl]phenol are solved in 150 mL dichloromethane (DCM) and 1.50 mL (10.7 mmol) diisoproplyamine are added dropwise. The reaction mixture is cooled with dry ice/acetone to −5° C. and a solution of 21.6 g (121 mmol) N-bromosuccinimide in 300 mL DCM is added dropwise. The reaction mixture is then stirred for 18 h at room temperature, washed successively with water. The water layers are extracted with dichloromethane and the combined organic layers are dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and evaporated under vacuum. The crude product is purified with column filtration over 600 g silica gel with toluene/heptane (1:1+1% triethylamine). The product is combined, evaporated under vacuum and crystallized at −30° C. in heptane to give the product as a slightly yellow powder with a purity of >99% (gas chromatography).

Step 1.2

Synthesis of 6-[2-2,6-dibromo-4-[2-ethyl-4-[4-pentylphenyl] phenyl]-phenoxy}ethyl)-2,2,3,3,9,9,10,10-octamethyl-4,8-dioxa-3,9-disilaundecane B

(7) ##STR00455##

(8) 23.8 g (47.0 mmol) 2,6-dibromo-4-[2-ethyl-4-(4-pentylphenyl)phenyl]-phenol A, 20.7 g (59.0 mmol) 4-(tert-butyl-dimethylsilanyloxy)-3-(tert.-butyldimethyl-silanyloxymethyl]-butane-1-ol and 15.7 g (59.9 mmol) triphenylphosphine are solved in 155 mL tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 12.6 ml (64.2 mmol) diisopropyl azodicarboxylate are added dropwise and the reaction mixture is stirred for 16 h at room temperature. The reaction mixture is evaporated under vacuum and filtered with a mixture of heptane (H)/dichlormethane (DCM) (3:1) over 200 ml silica gel. The product is a colourless oil.

Step 1.3

Synthesis of 3-(2-{4-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-3-{[(tert.-butyl-dimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl}butoxy}-5-[2-ethyl-4-(4-pentyl-phenyl)-phenyl]-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)phenyl)propan-1-ol C

(9) ##STR00456##

(10) 20.1 g (190 mmol) Na.sub.2CO.sub.3, 39.0 g (47.0 mmol) bromide B and 26.5 g (187 mmol) 2-butoxy-1,2-oxaborolane and 0.45 ml (3.28 mmol) triethylamine are solved in a mixture of 110 ml water and 570 ml tetrahydrofuran (THF). The reaction mixture is degassed for 45 min and 655 mg (1.40 mmol) 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′-6′-di-isopropoxy-1-1′-biphenyl and 415 mg (2.34 mmol) palladium (II)-chloride are added. The reaction mixture is then stirred at 80° C. for 16 h, cooled to room temperature, water is added and the mixture is extracted with methyl-tertiary-butylether (MTBE). The organic layer is separated, the water layer is extracted with MTBE and the combined organic layers are washed with brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, filtered and evaporated under vacuum. The crude product is purified with column filtration over 1.1 l silica gel with a mixture of toluene/ethyl acetate (EE) (4:1). The obtained product is a colourless oil.

Step 1.4

Synthesis of 3-(2-{4-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-3-{[(tert-butyl-dimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl}butoxy}-5-[2-ethyl-4-(4-pentylphenyl)-phenyl]-3-{3-[(2-methylprop-2-enoyl)oxy]propyl}phenyl)propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate D

(11) ##STR00457##

(12) 25.3 g (32.0 mmol) alcohol C, 11.7 ml (138 mmol) methacrylic acid and 430.0 mg (3.52 mmol) 4-(dimethylamino)-pyridine are solved in 320 ml dichloromethane and cooled to 0° C. 23.4 ml (136 mmol) 1-(-3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide in 110 ml dichloro-methane (DCM) are added dropwise and the reaction mixture is stirred for 16 hours (h) at room temperature (RT). The mixture is evaporated under vacuum and filtered over 900 g silica gel with a mixture of DCM/MTBE (9:1). The obtained product is a colourless oil.

Step 1.5

Synthesis of 3-{5-[2-ethyl-4-(4-pentylphenyl)phenyl]-2-[4-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)butoxy]-3-{3-[(2-methylprop-2-enoyl)oxy]propyl}-phenyl}propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate 1

(13) ##STR00458##

(14) 23.2 g (25.0 mmol) D are solved in 225 ml THF, cooled to 2° C. and 30.0 ml (60.0 mmol) HCl (2N) are added slowly dropwise and the reaction mixture is then stirred for 16 h at room temperature. The mixture is cautiously neutralized with Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 solution and the mixture is extracted with MTB-ether. The layers are separated, the water layer is extracted with MTB-ether and the combined organic layers are washed with brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and evaporated under vacuum. The crude product is filtered over 300 g silica gel with a mixture of H/EE (1:1-1:4). After evaporation the product is obtained as an oil which is dried at 50° C. and 0.01 mbar for 6 h. Phases: T.sub.g −33 K 26 l

(15) The following compounds are synthesized accordingly to the above mentioned examples:

(16) ##STR00459## ##STR00460## ##STR00461## ##STR00462## ##STR00463## ##STR00464## ##STR00465## ##STR00466## ##STR00467## ##STR00468## ##STR00469## ##STR00470## ##STR00471## ##STR00472## ##STR00473## ##STR00474## ##STR00475## ##STR00476## ##STR00477## ##STR00478## ##STR00479## ##STR00480## ##STR00481## ##STR00482## ##STR00483## ##STR00484##

(17) In the following examples V.sub.0 denotes the threshold voltage, capacitive [V] at 20° C. Δn denotes the optical anisotropy measured at 20° C. and 589 nm Δε denotes the dielectric anisotropy at 20° C. and 1 kHz cl.p. denotes the clearing point [° C.] K.sub.1 denotes the elastic constant, “splay” deformation at 20° C. [pN] K.sub.3 denotes the elastic constant, “bend” deformation at 20° C. [pN] γ.sub.1 denotes the rotational viscosity measured at 20° C. [mPa.Math.s], determined by the rotation method in a magnetic field LTS denotes the low-temperature stability (nematic phase), determined in test cells.

(18) The display used for measurement of the threshold voltage has two plane-parallel outer plates at a separation of 20 μm and electrode layers with overlying alignment layers of JALS-2096 on the insides of the outer plates, which effect a homeotropic alignment of the liquid crystals.

(19) All concentrations in this application relate to the corresponding mixture or mixture component, unless explicitly indicated otherwise. All physical properties are determined as described in “Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals”, status November 1997, Merck KGaA, Germany, and apply for a temperature of 20° C., unless explicitly indicated otherwise.

(20) Unless indicated otherwise, parts or percent data denote parts by weight or percent by weight.

Mixture Examples

(21) For the production of the examples according to the present invention the following host mixtures H1 to H48 are used:

(22) H1: Nematic Host-Mixture

(23) TABLE-US-00008 CY-3-O2 15.50% Clearing point [° C.]: 75.1 CCY-3-O3 8.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.098 CCY-4-O2 10.00% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.0 CPY-2-O2 5.50% ε.sub.∥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CPY-3-O2 11.50% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.4 CCH-34 9.25% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 13.1 CCH-23 24.50% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C.]: 13.3 PYP-2-3 8.75% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 113 PCH-301 7.00% V.sub.0 [20° C., V]: 2.22
H2: Nematic Host-Mixture

(24) TABLE-US-00009 CY-3-O4 14.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 80.0 CCY-3-O2 9.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.090 CCY-3-O3 9.00% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.3 CPY-2-O2 10.00% ε.sub.∥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CPY-3-O2 10.00% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.7 CCY-3-1 8.00% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 15.1 CCH-34 9.00% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C.]: 14.6 CCH-35 6.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 140 PCH-53 10.00% V.sub.0 [20° C., V]: 2.23 CCH-301 6.00% CCH-303 9.00%
H3: Nematic Host-Mixture

(25) TABLE-US-00010 CC-3-V1 9.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 74.7 CCH-23 18.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.098 CCH-34 3.00% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.4 CCH-35 7.00% ε.sub.∥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CCP-3-1 5.50% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.9 CCY-3-O2 11.50% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 14.9 CPY-2-O2 8.00% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C.]: 15.9 CPY-3-O2 11.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 108 CY-3-O2 15.50% V.sub.0 [20° C., V]: 2.28 PY-3-O2 11.50%
H4: Nematic Host-Mixture

(26) TABLE-US-00011 CC-3-V 37.50% Clearing point [° C.]: 74.8 CC-3-V1 2.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.099 CCY-4-O2 14.50% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.9 CPY-2-O2 10.50% ε.sub.∥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.7 CPY-3-O2 9.50% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.6 CY-3-O2 15.00% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 12.2 CY-3-O4 4.50% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C.]: 13.4 PYP-2-4 5.50% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 92 PPGU-3-F 1.00% V.sub.0 [20° C., V]: 2.28
H5: Nematic Host-Mixture

(27) TABLE-US-00012 CCH-23 20.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 74.8 CCH-301 6.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.105 CCH-34 6.00% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.2 CCP-3-1 3.00% ε.sub.∥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CCY-3-O2 11.00% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.8 CPY-2-O2 12.00% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 12.7 CPY-3-O2 11.00% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C.]: 13.6 CY-3-O2 14.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 120 CY-3-O4 4.00% V.sub.0 [20° C., V]: 2.16 PCH-301 4.00% PYP-2-3 9.00%
H6: Nematic Host-Mixture

(28) TABLE-US-00013 CC-4-V 17.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 106.1 CCP-V-1 15.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.120 CCPC-33 2.50% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.6 CCY-3-O2 4.00% ε.sub.∥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CCY-3-O3 5.00% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.0 CCY-4-O2 5.00% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 16.8 CLY-3-O2 3.50% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C.]: 17.3 CLY-3-O3 2.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 207 CPY-2-O2 8.00% V.sub.0 [20° C., V]: 2.33 CPY-3-O2 10.00% CY-3-O4 17.00% PYP-2-3 11.00%
H7: Nematic Host-Mixture

(29) TABLE-US-00014 CY-3-O2 15.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 75.5 CCY-4-O2 9.50% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.108 CCY-5-O2 5.00% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.0 CPY-2-O2 9.00% ε.sub.|| [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CPY-3-O2 9.00% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.5 CCH-34 9.00% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 12.9 CCH-23 22.00% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C.]: 13.0 PYP-2-3 7.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 115 PYP-2-4 7.50% V.sub.0 [20° C., V]: 2.20 PCH-301 7.00%
H8: Nematic Host-Mixture

(30) TABLE-US-00015 CY-3-O2 15.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 74.7 CY-5-O2 6.50% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.108 CCY-3-O2 11.00% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.0 CPY-2-O2 5.50% ε.sub.|| [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CPY-3-O2 10.50% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.6 CC-3-V 28.50% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 12.9 CC-3-V1 10.00% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C.]: 15.7 PYP-2-3 12.50% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 97 PPGU-3-F 0.50% V.sub.0 [20° C., V]: 2.42
H9: Nematic Host-Mixture

(31) TABLE-US-00016 CCH-35 9.50% Clearing point [° C.]: 79.1 CCH-501 5.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.091 CCY-2-1 9.50% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.6 CCY-3-1 10.50% ε.sub.|| [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.5 CCY-3-O2 10.50% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.1 CCY-5-O2 9.50% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 14.6 CPY-2-O2 12.00% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C.]: 14.5 CY-3-O4 9.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 178 CY-5-O4 11.00% V.sub.0 [20° C., V]: 2.12 PCH-53 13.50%
H10: Nematic Host-Mixture

(32) TABLE-US-00017 Y-4O-O4 3.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 100 PYP-2-3 10.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1603 PYP-2-4 10.00% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −0.7 CC-3-V 25.00% ε.sub.|| [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.1 CCP-V-1 11.00% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.8 CCP-V2-1 10.00% BCH-32 5.00% CVCP-1V-O1 5.00% PTP-3O2FF 3.00% CPTP-3O2FF 2.50% PTP-101 5.00% PTP-201 5.00% CPTP-301 5.00% PPTUI-3-2 0.50%
stabilized with 0.01% of the compound of the formula

(33) ##STR00485##
H11: Nematic Host-Mixture

(34) TABLE-US-00018 CY-3-O2 15.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 91 CY-3-O4 20.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0909 CY-5-O2 10.00% ε.sub.|| [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 4.1 CY-5-O4 7.00% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 10.1 CCY-3-O2 6.50% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −6.0 CCY-3-O3 6.50% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 310 CCY-4-O2 6.50% CCY-5-O2 6.50% CPY-2-O2 3.00% CH-33 3.00% CH-35 3.00% CH-43 3.00% CCPC-33 5.00% CCPC-34 5.00%
H12: Nematic Host-Mixture

(35) TABLE-US-00019 CY-3-O2 15.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 91 CY-3-O4 20.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1099 CY-5-O2 10.00% ε.sub.|| [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 4.2 CCY-3-O2 6.50% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 10.3 CCY-3-O3 6.00% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −6.1 CCY-4-O2 6.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 297 CCY-5-O2 6.00% CPY-2-O2 8.00% CPY-3-O2 8.00% CC-4-V 2.50% CCP-V-1 3.50% CPTP-3-1 2.50% CCPC-33 4.00% CCPC-34 2.00%
H13: Nematic Host-Mixture

(36) TABLE-US-00020 CY-3-O2 15.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 91 CY-3-O4 20.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0897 CY-5-O2 6.00% ε.sub.|| [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.7 CCY-3-O2 6.00% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 8.0 CCY-3-O3 6.00% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −4.3 CCY-4-O2 6.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 204 CPY-2-O2 6.00% CC-4-V 15.00% CCP-V2-1 6.50% CCPC-33 4.50% CCPC-34 4.50% CCPC-35 4.50%
H14: Nematic Host-Mixture

(37) TABLE-US-00021 CY-3-O2 15.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 91 CY-3-O4 20.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1106 CCY-3-O2 6.00% ε.sub.|| [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.9 CCY-3-O3 6.00% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 8.4 CCY-4-O2 6.00% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −4.5 CCY-5-O2 2.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 202 CPY-2-O2 8.00% CPY-3-O2 8.00% CC-4-V 8.00% CCP-V-1 12.00% CCP-V2-1 5.00% CPTP-3-1 4.00%
H15: Nematic Host-Mixture

(38) TABLE-US-00022 CY-3-O2 15.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 95 CY-3-O4 20.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0974 CY-5-O2 8.50% ε.sub.|| [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 4.1 CCY-3-O2 6.50% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 9.9 CCY-3-O3 6.50% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −5.8 CCY-4-O2 6.50% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 14.3 CCY-5-O2 6.50% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C.]: 16.8 CPY-2-O2 7.50% V.sub.0 [pN, 20° C.]: 1.79 CPY-3-O2 3.50% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 292 CC-4-V 6.00% CH-33 3.50% CCPC-33 5.00% CCPC-34 5.00%
H16: Nematic Host-Mixture

(39) TABLE-US-00023 CY-3-O2 15.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 95 CY-3-O4 20.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1126 CY-5-O2 2.00% ε.sub.|| [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 4.0 CCY-3-O2 6.50% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 9.8 CCY-3-O3 6.50% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −5.8 CCY-4-O2 6.50% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 15.1 CCY-5-O2 6.50% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C.]: 17.8 CPY-2-O2 8.00% V.sub.0 [pN, 20° C.]: 1.84 CPY-3-O2 8.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 270 CPTP-3O2FF 4.00% CC-4-V 5.00% CCP-V-1 10.50% CCPC-33 1.50%
H17: Nematic Host-Mixture

(40) TABLE-US-00024 CY-3-O2 12.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 95 CY-3-O4 16.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0972 CCY-3-O2 6.50% ε.sub.|| [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CCY-3-O3 6.50% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.6 CCY-4-O2 6.50% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −4.0 CCY-5-O2 6.00% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 14.9 CPY-2-O2 6.00% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C.]: 17.0 CPY-3-O2 5.50% V.sub.0 [pN, 20° C.]: 2.17 CC-4-V 15.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 180 CCP-V-1 10.00% CCP-V2-1 10.00%
stabilized with 0.03% of

(41) ##STR00486##
H18: Nematic Host-Mixture

(42) TABLE-US-00025 CY-3-O2 11.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 95 CY-3-O4 16.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1121 CCY-3-O2 6.50% ε.sub.|| [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.7 CCY-3-O3 6.00% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.7 CCY-4-O2 6.00% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −4.0 CPY-2-O2 8.00% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 14.8 CPY-3-O2 8.00% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C.]: 16.2 CPTP-3O2FF 5.00% V.sub.0 [pN, 20° C.]: 2.13 CC-4-V 16.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 179 CCP-V-1 12.00% BCH-32 5.50%
H19: Nematic Host-Mixture

(43) TABLE-US-00026 CY-3-O2 3.50% Clearing point [° C.]: 102.5 CY-3-O4 16.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1112 CY-5-O2 8.75% ε.sub.|| [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.8 CCY-3-O2 6.00% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 8.8 CCY-3-O3 6.00% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −5.0 CCY-4-O2 6.00% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 15.0 CCY-5-O2 6.00% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C.]: 18.7 CPY-2-O2 8.00% V.sub.0 [pN, 20° C.]: 2.04 CPY-3-O2 8.50% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 280 CC-4-V 3.00% CCP-V-1 7.25% CCP-V2-1 3.25% CCPC-33 2.75% CY-5-O4 6.50% CC-5-V 3.50% CCPC-34 2.00% CPTP-301 1.75% PTP-102 1.25%
H20: Nematic Host-Mixture

(44) TABLE-US-00027 CCY-5-O2 5.25% Clearing point [° C.]: 102 CPY-2-O2 11.75% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1133 CPY-3-O2 11.75% ε.sub.|| [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 4.1 CC-5-V 3.00% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 10.5 CCPC-33 1.50% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −6.4 CCPC-34 1.50% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 15.4 CCPC-35 1.00% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C.]: 18.8 CY-3-O2 8.50% V.sub.0 [pN, 20° C.]: 1.81 CY-3-O4 23.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 367 CCY-3-O2 7.25% CCY-3-O3 6.75% CCY-4-O2 6.75% CY-5-O4 4.50% CCY-3-1 4.00% CCP-V-1 2.00% CBC-33F 1.50%
H21: Nematic Host-Mixture

(45) TABLE-US-00028 CY-3-O2 6.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 102 CY-3-O4 14.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0898 CCY-3-O2 4.00% ε.sub.|| [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.1 CCY-3-O3 4.00% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 5.3 CPY-2-O2 9.00% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −2.1 CCH-301 5.00% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 16.7 CC-3-V1 8.00% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C.]: 18.3 CC-5-V 13.00% V.sub.0 [pN, 20° C.]: 3.11 CCP-V-1 13.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 133 CCP-V2-1 13.00% CH-33 3.00% CH-35 3.00% CP-43 3.00% CCPC-33 2.00%
H22: Nematic Host-Mixture

(46) TABLE-US-00029 CY-3-O2 8.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 102 CY-3-O4 4.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1501 CY-5-O2 12.00% ε.sub.∥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 4.1 CY-5-O4 6.00% ε.sub.⊥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 10.2 CCY-3-O2 6.00% Δε ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: −6.1 CCY-4-O2 6.00% K.sub.1 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 15.9 CCY-5-O2 6.00% K.sub.3 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 18.3 CCY-3-O3 6.00% V.sub.0 [pN, 20° C.]: 1.83 CPY-2-O2 12.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 404 CPY-3-O2 12.00% PYP-2-3 10.00% PYP-2-4 10.00% CPTP-301 2.00%
H23: Nematic Host-Mixture

(47) TABLE-US-00030 CY-3-O2 2.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 100 CY-3-O4 6.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1508 CY-5-O4 2.00% ε.sub.∥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 3.3 CCY-3-O2 1.50% ε.sub.⊥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 5.3 CPY-2-O2 9.00% Δε ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: −1.9 CPY-3-O2 9.00% K.sub.1 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 15.7 PYP-2-3 10.00% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C. ]: 16.4 PYP-2-4 10.00% V.sub.0 [pN, 20° C.]: 3.06 PTP-102 1.50% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 122 CPTP-301 5.00% CPTP-302 4.00% PCH-301 5.50% CC-4-V 14.00% CC-5-V 8.00% CCP-V-1 7.50% BCH-32 5.00%
H24: Nematic Host-Mixture

(48) TABLE-US-00031 CY-3-O2 17.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 101 CY-3-O4 20.00% Δn ┌589 nm, 20° C.┐: 0.0969 CY-5-O2 5.50% ε.sub.∥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 4.0 CCY-3-O2 6.50% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 10.0 CCY-3-O3 6.50% Δε ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: −6.0 CCY-4-O2 6.50% K.sub.1 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 14.5 CCY-5-O2 6.50% K.sub.3 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 17.3 CPY-2-O2 10.50% V.sub.0 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 1.80 CCH-34 3.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 322 CH-33 3.00% CH-35 3.00% CH-43 3.00% CCPC-33 3.00% CCPC-34 3.00% CCPC-35 3.00%
H25: Nematic Host-Mixture

(49) TABLE-US-00032 CY-3-O2 2.40% Clearing point [° C.]: 101 CY-3-O4 18.80% Δn ┌589 nm, 20° C.┐: 0.0970 CY-5-O2 2.40% ε.sub.∥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 3.7 CCY-3-O2 7.00% ε.sub.⊥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 8.2 CCY-5-O2 7.90% Δε ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: −4.5 CCY-2-1 4.90% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 14.8 CCY-3-1 5.30% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C.]: 17.6 CPY-2-O2 5.70% V.sub.0 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 2.09 CCH-301 8.50% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 244 CH-33 0.90% CH-35 0.90% CP-33 1.20% CP-35 1.20% CCPC-33 3.00% CCPC-34 2.70% CCPC-35 0.60% CCY-3-O3 4.90% CCY-4-O2 4.90% CPY-3-O2 4.20% PYP-2-3 3.50% CCH-303 4.20% CCH-501 4.90%
H26: Nematic Host-Mixture

(50) TABLE-US-00033 CY-3-O2 17.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 101 CY-3-O4 20.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0969 CY-5-O2 5.50% ε.sub.∥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 4.0 CCY-3-O2 6.50% ε.sub.⊥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 10.0 CCY-3-O3 6.50% Δε ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: −6.0 CCY-4-O2 6.50% K.sub.1 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 14.5 CCY-5-O2 6.50% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C.]: 17.3 CPY-2-O2 10.50% V.sub.0 [pN, 20° C.]: 1.80 CCH-34 3.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 322 CH-33 3.00% CH-35 3.00% CH-43 3.00% CCPC-33 3.00% CCPC-34 3.00% CCPC-35 3.00%
H27: Nematic Host-Mixture

(51) TABLE-US-00034 CY-3-O2 16.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 101 CY-3-O4 20.00% Δn ┌589 nm, 20° C.┐: 0.0953 CCY-3-O2 5.00% ε.sub.∥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 3.9 CCY-3-O3 5.00% ε.sub.⊥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 9.4 CCY-4-O2 5.00% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −5.5 CCY-5-O2 5.00% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 16.2 CLY-2-O4 5.00% K.sub.3 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 17.2 CLY-3-O2 5.00% V.sub.0 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 1.85 CLY-3-O3 5.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 276 CPY-2-O2 5.00% CC-5-V 9.00% CH-33 3.00% CH-35 3.00% CP-33 3.00% CCPC-33 3.00% CCPC-34 3.00%
H28: Nematic Host-Mixture

(52) TABLE-US-00035 CY-3-O2 8.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 100 CY-3-O4 15.00% Δn ┌589 nm, 20° C.┐: 0.0948 CY-5-O2 8.00% ε.sub.∥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 3.9 CY-5-O4 10.00% ε.sub.⊥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 9.2 CCY-3-O2 6.00% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −5.3 CCY-3-O3 6.00% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 14.6 CCY-4-O2 6.00% K.sub.3 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 17.3 CCY-5-O2 6.00% V.sub.0 ┌[pN, 20° C.┐: 1.90 CPY-2-O2 10.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 298 CC-5-V 7.00% CH-33 3.00% CH-35 3.00% CP-33 3.00% CCPC-33 3.00% CCPC-34 3.00% CCPC-35 3.00%
H29: Nematic Host-Mixture

(53) TABLE-US-00036 CY-3-O2 9.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 106 CY-3-O4 9.00% Δn ┌589 nm, 20° C.┐: 0.1077 CY-5-O2 12.00% ε.sub.∥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.9 CY-5-O4 11.00% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 9.5 CCY-3-O2 6.00% Δε ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: −5.6 CCY-3-O3 6.00% K.sub.1 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 15.8 CCY-4-O2 6.00% K.sub.3 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 19.4 CCY-5-O2 6.00% V.sub.0 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 1.96 CPY-2-O2 8.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 341 CPY-3-O2 7.00% CCP-V-1 11.00% CCPC-33 3.00% CCPC-34 3.00% CCPC-35 3.00%
H30: Nematic Host-Mixture

(54) TABLE-US-00037 CY-3-O2 8.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 98 CY-3-O4 17.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.0914 CY-5-O2 8.00% ε.sub.∥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 3.8 CCY-3-O2 8.00% ε.sub.⊥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 8.9 CCY-3-O3 8.00% Δε ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: −5.1 CCY-4-O2 8.00% K.sub.1 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 15.5 CCY-5-O2 8.00% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C.]: 16.8 CPY-2-O2 8.00% V.sub.0 [pN, 20° C.]: 1.92 CCH-301 3.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 256 CC-5-V 10.00% CH-33 3.00% CH-35 3.00% CP-33 3.00% CP-35 2.00% CCPC-33 3.00%
H31: Nematic Host-Mixture

(55) TABLE-US-00038 CY-3-O2 7.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 105 CY-3-O4 16.00% Δn ┌589 nm, 20° C.┐: 0.1024 CCY-3-O2 6.00% ε.sub.∥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 CCY-3-O3 6.00% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.6 CCY-4-O2 6.00% Δε ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: −3.2 CPY-2-O2 7.50% K.sub.1 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 18.4 CPY-3-O2 7.50% K.sub.3 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 21.2 CC-3-V1 8.00% V.sub.0 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 2.79 CC-5-V 9.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 171 CCP-V-1 13.50% CCP-V2-1 13.50%
H32: Nematic Host-Mixture

(56) TABLE-US-00039 CY-3-O2 9.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 106 CY-3-O4 9.00% Δn ┌589 nm, 20° C.┐: 0.1077 CY-5-O2 12.00% ε.sub.∥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 3.9 CY-5-O4 11.00% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 9.5 CCY-3-O2 6.00% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −5.6 CCY-3-O3 6.00% K.sub.1 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 15.8 CCY-4-O2 6.00% K.sub.3 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 19.4 CCY-5-O2 6.00% V.sub.0 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 1.96 CPY-2-O2 8.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 341 CPY-3-O2 7.00% CCP-V-1 11.00% CCPC-33 3.00% CCPC-34 3.00% CCPC-35 3.00%
H33: Nematic Host-Mixture

(57) TABLE-US-00040 CY-3-O2 4.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 100 CY-3-O4 12.50% Δn ┌589 nm, 20° C.┐: 0.1566 CCY-3-O2 3.50% ε.sub.∥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.6 CPY-2-O2 12.00% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.6 CPY-3-O2 12.00% Δε ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: −3.0 PYP-2-3 11.00% K.sub.1 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 15.5 PYP-2-4 11.00% K.sub.3 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 17.1 CPTP-301 5.00% V.sub.0 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 2.50 CPTP-302 5.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 202 CC-4-V 14.00% CC-5-V 7.00% BCH-32 3.00%
H34: Nematic Host-Mixture

(58) TABLE-US-00041 CY-3-O2 8.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 98 CY-3-O4 17.00% Δn ┌589 nm, 20° C.┐: 0.0914 CY-5-O2 8.00% ε.sub.∥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.8 CCY-3-O2 8.00% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 8.9 CCY-3-O3 8.00% Δε ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: −5.1 CCY-4-O2 8.00% K.sub.1 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 15.5 CCY-5-O2 8.00% K.sub.3 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 16.8 CPY-2-O2 8.00% V.sub.0 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 1.92 CCH-301 3.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 256 CC-5-V 10.00% CH-33 3.00% CH-35 3.00% CP-33 3.00% CP-35 2.00% CCPC-33 3.00%
H35: Nematic Host-Mixture

(59) TABLE-US-00042 CY-3-O2 2.40% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 101 CY-3-O4 18.80% Δn ┌589 nm, 20° C.┐: 0.0970 CY-5-O2 2.40% ε.sub.∥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.7 CCY-3-O2 7.00% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 8.2 CCY-5-O2 7.90% Δε ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: −4.5 CCY-2-1 4.90% K.sub.1 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 14.8 CCY-3-1 5.30% K.sub.3 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 17.6 CPY-2-O2 5.70% V.sub.0 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 2.09 CCH-301 8.50% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 244 CH-33 0.90% CH-35 0.90% CP-33 1.20% CP-35 1.20% CCPC-33 3.00% CCPC-34 2.70% CCPC-35 0.60% CCY-3-O3 4.90% CCY-4-O2 4.90% CPY-3-O2 4.20% PYP-2-3 3.50% CCH-303 4.20% CCH-501 4.90%
H36: Nematic Host-Mixture

(60) TABLE-US-00043 CY-3-O2 6.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 101 CY-3-O4 13.00% Δn ┌589 nm, 20° C.┐: 0.1483 CCY-3-O2 6.00% ε.sub.∥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 3.6 CCY-3-O3 5.00% ε.sub.⊥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 7.0 CPY-2-O2 4.00% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.4 CC-4-V 14.00% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 16.6 CCP-V-1 10.00% K.sub.3 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 18.8 CCP-V2-1 11.00% V.sub.0 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 2.47 CPTP-3-1 5.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: PTP-3O2FF 8.00% PTP-5O2FF 8.00% CPTP-3O2FF 5.00% CPTP-5O2FF 5.00%
H37: Nematic Host-Mixture

(61) TABLE-US-00044 CY-3-O2 10.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 100 CY-3-O4 20.00% Δn ┌589 nm, 20° C.┐: 0.0865 CY-5-O4 20.00% ε.sub.∥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 3.9 CCY-3-O2 6.00% ε.sub.⊥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 9.3 CCY-3-O3 6.00% Δε ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: −5.4 CCY-4-O2 6.00% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 15.6 CCY-5-O2 6.00% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C.]: 16.6 CH-33 3.00% V.sub.0 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 1.84 CH-35 3.50% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 347 CH-43 3.50% CH-45 3.50% CCPC-33 4.00% CCPC-34 4.50% CCPC-35 4.00%
H38: Nematic Host-Mixture

(62) TABLE-US-00045 CY-3-O2 3.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 102 CY-3-O4 10.00% Δn ┌589 nm, 20° C.┐: 0.1602 CCY-3-O2 6.00% ε.sub.∥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 3.8 CCY-3-O3 6.00% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.8 CCY-4-O2 6.00% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −4.0 CPY-2-O2 5.00% K.sub.1 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 16.8 CC-4-V 14.00% K.sub.3 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 19.3 CCP-V-1 5.00% V.sub.0 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 2.32 CCP-V2-1 10.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 216 PPTUI-3-2 3.00% PTP-3O2FF 11.00% PTP-5O2FF 11.00% CPTP-3O2FF 5.00% CPTP-5O2FF 5.00%
H39: Nematic Host-Mixture

(63) TABLE-US-00046 CY-3-O2 5.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 102 CY-3-O4 15.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.2503 CCY-3-O2 6.00% ε.sub.∥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 4.3 CCY-3-O3 6.00% ε.sub.⊥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 8.3 CPY-2-O2 3.00% Δε ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: −4.0 PTP-102 5.00% K.sub.1 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 19.5 PPTUI-3-2 15.00% K.sub.3 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 24.0 PPTUI-3-4 11.00% V.sub.0 [pN, 20° C.]: 2.57 PTP-3O2FF 12.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 392 PTP-5O2FF 12.00% CPTP-3O2FF 5.00% CPTP-5O2FF 5.00%
H40: Nematic Host-Mixture

(64) TABLE-US-00047 CY-3-O4 12.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 91 PY-3-O2 6.50% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.2100 CCY-3-O2 2.00% ε.sub.∥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 4.0 CPY-2-O2 3.50% ε.sub.⊥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 7.1 CC-4-V 13.50% Δε ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: −3.1 CC-5-V 4.00% K.sub.1 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 15.3 PPTUI-3-2 15.00% K.sub.3 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 19.3 PPTUI-3-4 5.50% V.sub.0 [pN, 20° C.]: 2.64 PTP-3O2FF 12.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 211 PTP-5O2FF 12.00% CPTP-3O2FF 5.00% CPTP-5O2FF 5.00% CCPC-33 4.00%
H41: Nematic Host-Mixture

(65) TABLE-US-00048 D-302FF 8.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 102 D-402FF 8.00% Δn ┌589 nm, 20° C.┐: 0.14780 D-502FF 8.00% ε.sub.∥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.4 PCH-301 18.00% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 5.1 PCH-302 15.00% Δε ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: −1.7 PCH-304 4.00% PTP-102 4.00% PTP-201 4.00% CPTP-301 6.00% CPTP-302 6.00% CPTP-303 7.00% CCPC-33 4.00% CCPC-34 4.00% CCPC-35 4.00%
H42: Nematic Host-Mixture

(66) TABLE-US-00049 D-302FF 15.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 109 D-402FF 15.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1727 D-502FF 15.00% ε.sub.∥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 5.2 CP-302FF 5.00% ε.sub.⊥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 13.2 CP-402FF 5.00% Δε ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: −8.0 CP-502FF 5.00% K.sub.1 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 15.6 PTP-3O2FF 10.00% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C.]: 22.8 PTP-5O2FF 10.00% CPTP-3O2FF 10.00% CPTP-5O2FF 10.00%
H43: Nematic Host-Mixture

(67) TABLE-US-00050 D-302FF 7.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 85 D-402FF 7.00% Δn ┌589 nm, 20° C.┐: 0.1640 D-502FF 7.00% ε.sub.∥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 3.7 PTP-3O2FF 10.00% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 6.4 PTP-5O2FF 10.00% Δε ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: −2.7 CPTP-301 5.00% CPTP-302 5.00% CPTP-303 5.00% PCH-301 19.00% PCH-302 17.00% CBC-33F 5.00% CBC-53F 3.00%
H44: Nematic Host-Mixture

(68) TABLE-US-00051 CCPC-33 1.50% Clearing point [° C.]: 91 CCPC-34 1.50% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1029 CCPC-35 1.50% ε.sub.∥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 3.5 CCY-2-1 4.50% ε.sub.⊥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 7.2 CCY-3-1 3.50% Δε ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: −3.7 CCY-3-O2 7.00% K.sub.1 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 15.5 CCY-3-O3 8.00% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C.]: 15.2 CCY-4-O2 7.00% V.sub.0 [pN, 20° C.]: 2.21 CPY-2-O2 6.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 231 CPY-3-O2 6.00% CY-3-O4 12.00% CY-5-O4 12.00% PCH-53 10.50% CCH-34 5.50% CCOC-3-3 2.00% CCOC-4-3 2.00% CCOC-3-5 2.00% CBC-33 1.50% PP-1-2V1 6.00%
H45: Nematic Host-Mixture

(69) TABLE-US-00052 CY-5-O2 7.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 95 CPY-2-O2 11.00% Δn ┌589 nm, 20° C.┐: 0.1268 CPY-3-O2 10.00% ε.sub.∥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 4.0 PYP-2-3 6.00% ε.sub.⊥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 7.7 PYP-2-4 7.00% Δε ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: −3.7 CC-4-V 17.00% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 15.5 CC-3-V1 9.00% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C.]: 15.2.0 CCH-34 5.00% V.sub.0 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 2.15 CPYP-3-2 5.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 155 CPYP-2-1 5.00% CK-3-F 9.00% CK-5-F 9.00%
H46: Nematic Host-Mixture

(70) TABLE-US-00053 CY-3-O4 18.00% Clearing point [° C.]: 96 CY-5-O2 10.00% Δn ┌589 nm, 20° C.┐: 0.1275 CCY-4-O2 10.00% ε.sub.∥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 4.0 CCY-3-O3 10.00% ε.sub.⊥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 9.1 CPY-2-O2 11.00% Δε ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: −5.1 CPY-3-O2 12.00% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 14.4 PYP-2-3 5.00% K.sub.3 [pN, 20° C.]: 15.6 PYP-2-4 4.00% V.sub.0 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 1.84 CC-4-V 13.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 253 CPYP-3-2 7.00%
H47: Nematic Host-Mixture

(71) TABLE-US-00054 CC-3-V 34.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 74.6 CC-3-V1 10.00% Δn [589 nm, 20° C.]: 0.1089 CCY-3-O1 8.50% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.2 CCY-3-O2 3.50% ε.sub.⊥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 6.8 CLY-3-O2 10.00% ε.sub.∥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 3.6 CPY-3-O2 6.50% K1 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 14.4 PY-1-O4 9.00% K.sub.3 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 15.7 PY-3-O2 10.50% V.sub.0 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 2.33 PGIY-2-O4 8.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 89
H48: Nematic Host-Mixture

(72) TABLE-US-00055 CC-3-V 34.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 75.1 CC-3-V1 10.00% Δn ┌589 nm, 20° C.┐: 0.1087 CCY-3-O1 8.50% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.8 CCY-3-O2 3.50% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.5 CLY-3-O2 10.00% ε.sub.∥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 3.7 CPY-3-O2 6.50% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 100 PY-1-O4 9.00% PY-3-O2 10.50% PGIY-2-O4 8.00%

Example M1

(73) The compound of the formula I-8h-5a

(74) ##STR00487##

(75) (0.3%) is added to the nematic host mixture H1. The resulting mixture is homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer).

(76) The LC-mixture shows a spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) orientation with respect to the surface of the substrates. The orientation is stable until the clearing point and the resulting VA-cell can be reversibly switched. Crossed polarizers are needed to display the switching.

(77) By using additives like the compound of the formula I-8h-5a, no alignment layer (e.g. no PI coating) is required anymore for VA, PM-VA, PVA, MVA, HT-VA, PS-VA, VA-IPS and other analogue display technologies based on the combination Δε<0 and orientation.

Example 1P a): Polymer Stabilization of the LC Mixture of Example M1

(78) The polymerizable derivative RM-1 (0.3%) is added to the nematic LC-mixture of Example M1. The resulting mixture is homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer).

(79) The LC-mixture shows a spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) orientation, with respect to the surface of the substrates. The resulting VA-cell is treated with UV-light (15 min, 100 mW/cm.sup.2) after having applied to the cell a voltage higher than the optical threshold. The polymerizable derivative polymerizes and, as a consequence, the homeotropic self-orientation is stabilized and the tilt of the mixture is tuned. The resulting PSA-VA-cell can be reversibly switched even at high temperatures. The switching times are reduced, compared to the not polymerized system.

(80) Additives like Irganox 1076 (BASF) may be added (e.g. 0.001%) for preventing spontaneous polymerization. UV-cut filter may be used during polymerization for preventing damage of the mixtures (e.g. 340 nm cut-filter).

(81) By using additives like the compound of the formula I-8h-5 in combination with RM-1, no alignment layer is required anymore for PSA, PS-VA, and other analogue display technologies based on the combination Δε<0 and homeotropic orientation.

Example 1P b): Polymer Stabilization of the LC Mixture of Example M1

(82) The polymerizable derivative RM-41 (0.3%) is added to the nematic LC-mixture of Example M1. The resulting mixture is homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer). The resulting cell is treated according to Example 1P a) and similar results are obtained.

(83) By using additives like the compound of the formula I-8h-5 in combination with RM-41, no alignment layer is required anymore for PSA, PS-VA, and other analogue display technologies based on the combination Δε<0 and homeotropic orientation.

Examples M2 to M48 and 2P a) to 48P b)

(84) The compound of the formula I-8h-5a (0.3%) is added to the nematic host mixtures H2-H48. The resulting mixtures are homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer).

(85) The LC-mixtures show a spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) orientation with respect to the surface of the substrates. The orientation is stable until the clearing point and the resulting VA-cell can be reversibly switched. Crossed polarizers are needed to display the switching.

(86) The polymerizable derivative RM-1 (0.3%) or RM-41 (0.3%) is added to the nematic LC mixtures of Examples M2-M48. The resulting mixtures are homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer). The resulting cell is treated according to example 1P a). Equivalent results are obtained.

Examples 1P c) to 48P f)

(87) Analogues mixtures like 1P a) to 48P b) are obtained by mixing the nematic LC mixtures M1 to M9 with RM-37 (0.3%), RM-61 (0.3%), RM-80 (0.3%), RM-84 (0.3%) or RM-98 (0.3%), obtaining mixtures 1P c) to 48P f). These mixtures are treated according to Example 1P a). In all cases an improvement of the switching times is found.

Example M49

(88) The compound of the formula I-23h-5a

(89) ##STR00488##

(90) (0.3%) is added to the nematic host mixture H1. The resulting mixture is homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer).

(91) The LC-mixture shows a spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) orientation with respect to the surface of the substrates. The orientation is stable until the clearing point and the resulting VA-cell can be reversibly switched. Crossed polarizers are needed to display the switching.

(92) By using additives like the compound of the formula I-23h-5, no alignment layer (e.g. no PI coating) is required anymore for VA, PM-VA, PVA, MVA, HT-VA, VA-IPS and other analogue display technologies based on the combination Δε<0 and homeotropic orientation.

Example 49P a): Polymer Stabilization of the LC Mixture of Example M49

(93) The polymerizable derivative RM-1 (0.3%) is added to the nematic LC-mixture of Example M49. The resulting mixture is homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer).

(94) The LC-mixture shows a spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) orientation, with respect to the surface of the substrates. The resulting VA-cell is treated with UV-light (15 min, 100 mW/cm.sup.2) after having applied to the cell a voltage higher than the optical threshold. The polymerizable derivative polymerizes and, as a consequence, the homeotropic self-orientation is stabilized and the tilt of the mixture is tuned. The resulting PSA-VA-cell can be reversibly switched even at high temperatures. The switching times are reduced, compared to the not polymerized system.

(95) Additives like Irganox 1076 (BASF) may be added (e.g. 0.001%) for preventing spontaneous polymerization. UV-cut filter may be used during polymerization for preventing damage of the mixtures (e.g. 340 nm cut-filter).

(96) By using additives like the compound of the formula I-23h-5 in combination with RM-1, no alignment layer is required anymore for PSA, PS-VA, and other analogue display technologies based on the combination Δε<0 and homeotropic orientation.

Example 49P b): Polymer Stabilization of the LC Mixture of Example M49

(97) The polymerizable derivative RM-41 (0.3%) is added to the nematic LC-mixture of Example M49. The resulting mixture is homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer). The resulting cell is treated according to Example 2P a) and similar results are obtained.

(98) By using additives like the compound of the formula I-23h-5a in combination with RM-41, no alignment layer is required anymore for PSA, PS-VA, and other analogue display technologies based on the combination Δε<0 and homeotropic orientation.

Examples M50 to M96 and 50P a) to 96P b)

(99) The compound of the formula I-23h-5a (0.3%) is added to the nematic host mixtures H2-H48. The resulting mixtures are homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer).

(100) The LC-mixtures show a spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) orientation with respect to the surface of the substrates. The orientation is stable until the clearing point and the resulting VA-cell can be reversibly switched. Crossed polarizers are needed to display the switching.

(101) The polymerizable derivative RM-1 (0.3%) or RM-41 (0.3%) is added to the nematic LC mixtures of Examples M50-M96. The resulting mixtures are homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer). The resulting cell is treated according to example 1P a). Equivalent results are obtained.

Examples 50P c) to 96P f)

(102) Analogues mixtures like 1P a) to 9 P b) are obtained by mixing the nematic LC mixtures M50 to M96 with RM-37 (0.3%), RM-61 (0.3%), RM-80 (0.3%), RM-84 (0.3%) or RM-98 (0.3%), obtaining mixtures 50P c) to 96P f). These mixtures are treated according to Example 1P a). In all cases an improvement of the switching times is found.

Example M97

(103) The compound of the formula I-8h-5b

(104) ##STR00489##

(105) (0.7%) is added to the nematic host mixture H47. The resulting mixture is homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer).

(106) The LC-mixture shows a spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) orientation with respect to the surface of the substrates. The orientation is stable until the clearing point and the resulting VA-cell can be reversibly switched. Crossed polarizers are needed to display the switching.

(107) By using additives like the compound of the formula I-8h-5b, no alignment layer (e.g. no PI coating) is required anymore for VA, PM-VA, PVA, MVA, HT-VA, VA-IPS and other analogue display technologies based on the combination Δε<0 and homeotropic orientation.

Example 97P a): Polymer Stabilization of the LC Mixture of Example M97

(108) The polymerizable derivative RM-1 (0.3%) is added to the nematic LC-mixture of Example M97. The resulting mixture is homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer).

(109) The LC-mixture shows a spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) orientation, with respect to the surface of the substrates. The resulting VA-cell is treated with UV-light (15 min, 100 mW/cm.sup.2) after having applied to the cell a voltage higher than the optical threshold. The polymerizable derivative polymerizes and, as a consequence, the homeotropic self-orientation is stabilized and the tilt of the mixture is tuned. The resulting PSA-VA-cell can be reversibly switched even at high temperatures. The switching times are reduced, compared to the not polymerized system.

(110) Additives like Irganox 1076 (BASF) may be added (e.g. 0.001%) for preventing spontaneous polymerization. UV-cut filter may be used during polymerization for preventing damage of the mixtures (e.g. 340 nm cut-filter).

(111) By using additives like the compound of the formula I-8h-5b in combination with RM-1, no alignment layer is required anymore for PSA, PS-VA, and other analogue display technologies based on the combination Δε<0 and homeotropic orientation.

Example 97P b): Polymer Stabilization of the LC Mixture of Example M97

(112) The polymerizable derivative RM-41 (0.3%) is added to the nematic LC-mixture of Example M19. The resulting mixture is homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer). The resulting cell is treated according to Example 1P a) and similar results are obtained.

(113) By using additives like the compound of the formula I-8h-7 in combination with RM-41, no alignment layer is required anymore for PSA, PS-VA, and other analogue display technologies based on the combination Δε<0 and homeotropic orientation.

Examples M98 to M144 and 98P a) to 144P b)

(114) The compound of the formula I-8h-b (0.7%) is added to the nematic host mixtures H2-H48. The resulting 8 mixtures are homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer).

(115) The LC-mixtures show a spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) orientation with respect to the surface of the substrates. The orientation is stable until the clearing point and the resulting VA-cell can be reversibly switched. Crossed polarizers are needed to display the switching.

(116) The polymerizable derivative RM-1 (0.3%) or RM-41 (0.3%) is added to the nematic LC mixtures of Examples M98-M144. The resulting mixtures are homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer). The resulting cell is treated according to example 1P a). Equivalent results are obtained.

Examples 98P c) to 144P f)

(117) Analogues mixtures like 1P a) to 9 P b) are obtained by mixing the nematic LC mixtures M98 to M144 with RM-37 (0.3%), RM-61 (0.3%), RM-80 (0.3%), RM-84 (0.3%) or RM-98 (0.3%), obtaining mixtures 98P c) to 144P f). These mixtures are treated according to Example 1P a). In all cases an improvement of the switching times is found.

Example M145

(118) The compound of the formula I-8h-5c

(119) ##STR00490##

(120) (0.7%) is added to the nematic host mixture H1. The resulting mixture is homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer).

(121) The LC-mixture shows a spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) orientation with respect to the surface of the substrates. The orientation is stable until the clearing point and the resulting VA-cell can be reversibly switched. Crossed polarizers are needed to display the switching.

(122) By using additives like the compound of the formula I-8h-5c, no alignment layer (e.g. no PI coating) is required anymore for PM-VA, PVA, MVA, HT-VA, and other analogue display technologies based on the combination Δε<0 and homeotropic orientation.

Example 145P a): Polymer Stabilization of the LC Mixture of Example M145

(123) The polymerizable derivative RM-1 (0.3%) is added to the nematic LC-mixture of Example M145. The resulting mixture is homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer).

(124) The LC-mixture shows a spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) orientation, with respect to the surface of the substrates. The resulting VA-cell is treated with UV-light (15 min, 100 mW/cm.sup.2) after having applied to the cell a voltage higher than the optical threshold. The polymerizable derivative polymerizes and, as a consequence, the homeotropic self-orientation is stabilized and the tilt of the mixture is tuned. The resulting PSA-VA-cell can be reversibly switched even at high temperatures. The switching times are reduced, compared to the not polymerized system.

(125) Additives like Irganox 1076 (BASF) may be added (e.g. 0.001%) for preventing spontaneous polymerization. UV-cut filter may be used during polymerization for preventing damage of the mixtures (e.g. 340 nm cut-filter).

(126) By using additives like the compound of the formula I-8h-5c in combination with RM-1, no alignment layer is required anymore for PSA, PS-VA, and other analogue display technologies based on the combination Δε<0 and homeotropic orientation.

Example 145P b): Polymer Stabilization of the LC Mixture of Example M145

(127) The polymerizable derivative RM-41 (0.3%) is added to the nematic LC-mixture of Example M101. The resulting mixture is homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer). The resulting cell is treated according to Example 1P a) and similar results are obtained.

(128) By using additives like the compound of the formula I-8h-5c in combination with RM-41, no alignment layer is required anymore for PSA, PS-VA, and other analogue display technologies based on the combination Δε<0 and homeotropic orientation.

Examples M146 to M192 and 146P a) to 192P b)

(129) The compound of the formula I-8h-5c (0.7%) is added to the nematic host mixtures H2-H48. The resulting mixtures are homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer).

(130) The LC-mixtures show a spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) orientation with respect to the surface of the substrates. The orientation is stable until the clearing point and the resulting VA-cell can be reversibly switched. Crossed polarizers are needed to display the switching.

(131) The polymerizable derivative RM-1 (0.3%) or RM-41 (0.3%) is added to the nematic LC mixtures of Examples M146-M192. The resulting mixtures are homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer). The resulting cell is treated according to example 1P a). Equivalent results are obtained.

Examples 145P c) to 192P f)

(132) Analogues mixtures like 1P a) to 48P b) are obtained by mixing the nematic LC mixtures M145 to M192 with RM-37 (0.3%), RM-61 (0.3%), RM-80 (0.3%), RM-84 (0.3%) or RM-98 (0.3%), obtaining mixtures 145P c) to 192P f). These mixtures are treated according to Example 1P a). In all cases an improvement of the switching times is found.

(133) H49: Nematic Host-Mixture

(134) TABLE-US-00056 CC-3-V1 9.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 74.6 CCH-301 3.50% Δn ┌589 nm, 20° C.┐: 0.0984 CCH-34 8.00% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.6 CCH-35 8.00% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.2 CCP-3-1 6.00% ε.sub.∥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 3.6 CCY-3-O1 6.50% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 14.1 CCY-3-O2 12.50% K.sub.3 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 17.0 CPY-3-O2 10.00% V.sub.0 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 2.31 CY-3-O2 15.50% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 119 PCH-301 8.50% PY-3-O2 12.50%

Example M193

(135) The compound of the formula I-1d-5a

(136) ##STR00491##

(137) (0.3%) is added to the nematic host mixture H49. The resulting mixture is homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d 4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer).

(138) The LC-mixture shows a spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) orientation with respect to the surface of the substrates. The orientation is stable until the clearing point and the resulting VA-cell can be reversibly switched. Crossed polarizers are needed to display the switching.

(139) By using additives like the compound of the formula I-1d-5a, no alignment layer (e.g. no PI coating) is required anymore for VA, PM-VA, PVA, MVA, HT-VA, PS-VA, VA-IPS and other analogue display technologies based on the combination Δε<0 and orientation.

Example 193P a): Polymer Stabilization of the LC Mixture of Example M193

(140) The polymerizable derivative RM-1 (0.3%) is added to the nematic LC-mixture of Example M193. The resulting mixture is homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer).

(141) The LC-mixture shows a spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) orientation, with respect to the surface of the substrates. The resulting VA-cell is treated with UV-light (15 min, 100 mW/cm.sup.2) after having applied to the cell a voltage higher than the optical threshold. The polymerizable derivative polymerizes and, as a consequence, the homeotropic self-orientation is stabilized and the tilt of the mixture is tuned. The resulting PSA-VA-cell can be reversibly switched even at high temperatures. The switching times are reduced, compared to the not polymerized system.

(142) Additives like Irganox 1076 (BASF) may be added (e.g. 0.001%) for preventing spontaneous polymerization. UV-cut filter may be used during polymerization for preventing damage of the mixtures (e.g. 340 nm cut-filter).

(143) By using additives like the compound of the formula I-8h-5a in combination with RM-1, no alignment layer is required anymore for PSA, PS-VA, and other analogue display technologies based on the combination Δε<0 and homeotropic orientation.

(144) H50: Nematic Host-Mixture

(145) TABLE-US-00057 CC-3-V1 9.00% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 74.7 CCH-23 18.00% Δn ┌589 nm, 20° C.┐: 0.0982 CCH-34 3.00% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.4 CCH-35 7.00% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.2 CCP-3-1 5.50% ε.sub.∥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 3.6 CCY-3-O2 11.50% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 14.9 CPY-2-O2 8.50% K.sub.3 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 15.9 CPY-3-O2 11.00% V.sub.0 [pN, 20° C.]: 2.28 CY-3-O2 15.50% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 108 PY-3-O2 11.50%

Example M194

(146) The compound of the formula I-8h-5a

(147) ##STR00492##

(148) (0.25%) is added to the nematic host mixture H50. The resulting mixture is homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer).

(149) The LC-mixture shows a spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) orientation with respect to the surface of the substrates. The orientation is stable until the clearing point and the resulting VA-cell can be reversibly switched. Crossed polarizers are needed to display the switching.

(150) By using additives like the compound of the formula I-8h-5a, no alignment layer (e.g. no PI coating) is required anymore for VA, PM-VA, PVA, MVA, HT-VA, PS-VA, VA-IPS and other analogue display technologies based on the combination Δε<0 and orientation.

Example 194P a): Polymer Stabilization of the LC Mixture of Example M194

(151) The polymerizable derivative RM-1 (0.4%) is added to the nematic LC-mixture of Example M194. The resulting mixture is homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer).

(152) The LC-mixture shows a spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) orientation, with respect to the surface of the substrates. The resulting VA-cell is treated with UV-light (15 min, 100 mW/cm.sup.2) after having applied to the cell a voltage higher than the optical threshold. The polymerizable derivative polymerizes and, as a consequence, the homeotropic self-orientation is stabilized and the tilt of the mixture is tuned. The resulting PSA-VA-cell can be reversibly switched even at high temperatures. The switching times are reduced, compared to the not polymerized system.

(153) The additive Irganox 1076 (BASF) is added in amounts of 0.01% for preventing spontaneous polymerization. UV-cut filter may be used during polymerization for preventing damage of the mixtures (e.g. 340 nm cut-filter).

(154) By using additives like the compound of the formula I-8h-5a in combination with RM-1, no alignment layer is required anymore for PSA, PS-VA, and other analogue display technologies based on the combination Δε<0 and homeotropic orientation.

(155) H51: Nematic Host-Mixture

(156) TABLE-US-00058 CC-3-V1 10.25% Clearing point ┌° C.┐: 74.7 CCH-23 18.50% Δn ┌589 nm, 20° C.┐: 0.1027 CCH-35 6.75% Δε [1 kHz, 20° C.]: −3.1 CCP-3-1 6.00% ε.sub.⊥ [1 kHz, 20° C.]: 7.2 CCY-3-1 2.50% ε.sub.∥ ┌1 kHz, 20° C.┐: 3.6 CCY-3-O2 12.00% K.sub.1 [pN, 20° C.]: 15.4 CPY-2-O2 6.00% K.sub.3 ┌pN, 20° C.┐: 16.8 CPY-3-O2 9.75% V.sub.0 [pN, 20° C.]: 2.46 CY-3-O2 11.50% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s, 20° C.]: 104 PP-1-2V1 3.75% PY-3-O2 13.00%

Example M195

(157) The compound of the formula I-8h-5a

(158) ##STR00493##

(159) (0.2%) is added to the nematic host mixture H51. The resulting mixture is homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer).

(160) The LC-mixture shows a spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) orientation with respect to the surface of the substrates. The orientation is stable until the clearing point and the resulting VA-cell can be reversibly switched. Crossed polarizers are needed to display the switching.

(161) By using additives like the compound of the formula I-8h-5a, no alignment layer (e.g. no PI coating) is required anymore for VA, PM-VA, PVA, MVA, HT-VA, PS-VA, VA-IPS and other analogue display technologies based on the combination Δε<0 and orientation.

Example 195P a): Polymer Stabilization of the LC Mixture of Example M195

(162) The polymerizable derivative RM-1 (0.3%) is added to the nematic LC-mixture of Example M195. The resulting mixture is homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer).

(163) The LC-mixture shows a spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) orientation, with respect to the surface of the substrates. The resulting VA-cell is treated with UV-light (15 min, 100 mW/cm.sup.2) after having applied to the cell a voltage higher than the optical threshold. The polymerizable derivative polymerizes and, as a consequence, the homeotropic self-orientation is stabilized and the tilt of the mixture is tuned. The resulting PSA-VA-cell can be reversibly switched even at high temperatures. The switching times are reduced, compared to the not polymerized system.

(164) The additive Irganox 1076 (BASF) is added in amounts of 0.01% for preventing spontaneous polymerization. UV-cut filter may be used during polymerization for preventing damage of the mixtures (e.g. 340 nm cut-filter).

(165) By using additives like the compound of the formula I-8h-5a in combination with RM-1, no alignment layer is required anymore for PSA, PS-VA, and other analogue display technologies based on the combination Δε<0 and homeotropic orientation.

Example M196

(166) The compound of the formula I-1d-5a

(167) ##STR00494##

(168) (0.3%) is added to the nematic host mixture H51. The resulting mixture is homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer).

(169) The LC-mixture shows a spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) orientation with respect to the surface of the substrates. The orientation is stable until the clearing point and the resulting VA-cell can be reversibly switched. Crossed polarizers are needed to display the switching.

(170) By using additives like the compound of the formula I-1d-5a, no alignment layer (e.g. no PI coating) is required anymore for VA, PM-VA, PVA, MVA, HT-VA, PS-VA, VA-IPS and other analogue display technologies based on the combination Δε<0 and orientation.

Example 196P a): Polymer Stabilization of the LC Mixture of Example M196

(171) The polymerizable derivative RM-1 (0.3%) is added to the nematic LC-mixture of Example M196. The resulting mixture is homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer).

(172) The LC-mixture shows a spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) orientation, with respect to the surface of the substrates. The resulting VA-cell is treated with UV-light (15 min, 100 mW/cm.sup.2) after having applied to the cell a voltage higher than the optical threshold. The polymerizable derivative polymerizes and, as a consequence, the homeotropic self-orientation is stabilized and the tilt of the mixture is tuned. The resulting PSA-VA-cell can be reversibly switched even at high temperatures. The switching times are reduced, compared to the not polymerized system.

(173) The additive Irganox 1076 (BASF) is added in amounts of 0.01% for preventing spontaneous polymerization. UV-cut filter may be used during polymerization for preventing damage of the mixtures (e.g. 340 nm cut-filter).

(174) By using additives like the compound of the formula I-1d-5a in combination with RM-1, no alignment layer is required anymore for PSA, PS-VA, and other analogue display technologies based on the combination Δε<0 and homeotropic orientation.

Example M197

(175) The compound of the formula I-74a-1

(176) ##STR00495##

(177) (0.3%) is added to the nematic host mixture H51. The resulting mixture is homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer).

(178) The LC-mixture shows a spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) orientation with respect to the surface of the substrates. The orientation is stable until the clearing point and the resulting VA-cell can be reversibly switched. Crossed polarizers are needed to display the switching.

(179) By using additives like the compound of the formula I-74a-1, no alignment layer (e.g. no PI coating) is required anymore for VA, PM-VA, PVA, MVA, HT-VA, PS-VA, VA-IPS and other analogue display technologies based on the combination Δε<0 and orientation.

Example 197P a): Polymer Stabilization of the LC Mixture of Example M197

(180) The polymerizable derivative RM-1 (0.3%) is added to the nematic LC-mixture of Example M197. The resulting mixture is homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer).

(181) The LC-mixture shows a spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) orientation, with respect to the surface of the substrates. The resulting VA-cell is treated with UV-light (15 min, 100 mW/cm.sup.2) after having applied to the cell a voltage higher than the optical threshold. The polymerizable derivative polymerizes and, as a consequence, the homeotropic self-orientation is stabilized and the tilt of the mixture is tuned. The resulting PSA-VA-cell can be reversibly switched even at high temperatures. The switching times are reduced, compared to the not polymerized system.

(182) The additive Irganox 1076 (BASF) is added in amounts of 0.01% for preventing spontaneous polymerization. UV-cut filter may be used during polymerization for preventing damage of the mixtures (e.g. 340 nm cut-filter).

(183) By using additives like the compound of the formula I-74a-1 in combination with RM-1, no alignment layer is required anymore for PSA, PS-VA, and other analogue display technologies based on the combination Δε<0 and homeotropic orientation.

Example 197P b): Polymer Stabilization of the LC Mixture of Example M197

(184) The polymerizable derivative RM-17 (0.3%) is added to the nematic LC-mixture of Example M197. The resulting mixture is homogenised and filled into an “alignment-free” test cell (cell thickness d˜4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer). The resulting cell is treated according to Example 2P a) and similar results are obtained.

(185) By using additives like the compound of the formula I-74a-1 in combination with RM-17, no alignment layer is required anymore for PSA, PS-VA, and other analogue display technologies based on the combination Δε<0 and homeotropic orientation.