Rotor for an asynchronous electrical machine having an end shaft

Abstract

Provided is a rotor for an asynchronous electrical machine having an end shaft that includes two half-shafts pressing against a cylindrical magnetic block and two short-circuit discs each placed between one different half-shaft and one of the ends of the cylindrical magnetic block. Each half-shaft includes at least one first means of retention, and each short-circuit disc includes on each of its faces at least one second means of retention and each end of the magnetic block includes at least one third means of retention, the first, second, and third means of retention mating with one another in such a way as to prevent the short-circuit discs from moving relative to the half-shafts and relative to the magnetic block.

Claims

1. A rotor for an asynchronous electrical machine comprising: a cylindrical magnetic block; two short-circuit discs; and an end shaft comprising two half-shafts pressing against the cylindrical magnetic block and the two short-circuit discs, each short-circuit discs being placed between one half-shaft and one of the ends of the cylindrical magnetic block, wherein each half-shaft comprises at least one first means of retention, each short-circuit disc comprises on each of its faces at least one second means of retention and each end of the magnetic block comprises at least one third means of retention, wherein the first, second, and third means of retention mate with one another to prevent the short-circuit discs from moving relative to the half-shafts and relative to the magnetic block, and the first, second, and third means of retention are disposed in the center of the short-circuit disc, the half-shaft, and the magnetic block.

2. A rotor according to claim 1, further comprising anchors distributed uniformly across at least one diameter of the rotor to keep the magnetic block and the short-circuit discs compacted between the half-shafts.

3. A rotor according to claim 1, further comprising screws distributed uniformly across a diameter of the half-shafts passing through the short-circuit discs and trapped within the magnetic block such that the half-shafts fit around the short-circuit discs and the magnetic block.

4. A rotor according to claim 3, wherein the first, second, and third means of retention are disposed uniformly or distributed substantially uniformly on the same diameter of the short-circuit disc, the half-shaft, and the magnetic block.

5. A rotor according to claim 4, wherein the first means of retention and the third means of retention each comprise a counterbore and the second means of retention comprises a retention pin intended to fit into the counterbore.

6. A rotor according to claim 5, wherein the short-circuit disc and the retention pin have a hole in their center.

7. A rotor according to claim 4, wherein the first means of retention and the third means of retention each comprise a retention pin and the second means of retention comprises a counterbore intended to accommodate the retention pin.

8. A rotor according claim 4, wherein the first means of retention comprises a retention pin, the third means of retention comprises a counterbore, the second means of retention of a first face of the short-circuit disc comprises a counterbore, and the second means of retention of a second face of the short-circuit disc comprises a retention pin, such that each retention pin fits into an adjacent counterbore.

9. A rotor according to claim 4, further comprising at least one removable retention pin, the first, second, and third means of retention each comprising a counterbore mating with the removable retention pin.

10. A rotor according to claim 4, further comprising at least one removable retention pin, and the first means of retention comprises a blind hole created in the half-shaft, the second means of retention comprises a hole created in the short-circuit disc such that the hole passes through the short-circuit disc, and the third means of retention comprises a hole created in the magnetic block such that the hole passes through the magnetic block, the removable retention pin fitting into the holes with or without clearance.

11. A rotor according to claim 10, wherein the retention pin or the removable retention pin is circular in a cylindrical, polygonal, or conical shape, and preferably square, triangular, or square topped by a triangle.

12. A rotor according to claim 11, wherein the magnetic block comprises a single-part metal body.

13. A rotor according to claim 11, wherein the magnetic block comprises a stack of metal plates, each metal plate comprising on each of its faces a means of retention, the adjacent means of retention being intended to mate with one another to prevent a metal plate from moving relative to the adjacent elements comprising a metal plate or a short-circuit disc.

14. A rotor according to claim 13, further comprising screws distributed in the metal plates comprising counterbores to rigidly connect adjacent metal plates, the screw heads being housed in the counterbores.

15. A rotor according to claim 14, wherein an electrical insulator is inserted between the half-shaft and the short-circuit disc and/or inserted between the metal plates.

16. A rotor according to claim 15, further comprising bars inserted uniformly across the same diameter of the magnetic block, the retention pin or removable retention pin being polygonal in shape and disposed at the center of the magnetic block, the number of faces of the polygon being a multiple of the number of bars and anchors.

17. A rotor according to claim 15, wherein means of retention are disposed uniformly across at least one diameter of the magnetic block.

18. A rotor according to claim 17, wherein the first, second, and third means of retention are of different types.

Description

(1) Other features and advantages of the invention will become clear on reading the following description of the embodiments of the invention, provided solely by way of non-limiting examples and with reference to the drawings, in which:

(2) FIGS. 1 and 2, already mentioned, illustrate a rotor comprising an end shaft of a rotating electrical machine according to the state of the art;

(3) FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of an asynchronous rotating electrical machine;

(4) FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-section of a first embodiment of the rotor in an axial direction;

(5) FIG. 5 illustrates a partial cross-section of a second embodiment of the rotor in an axial direction;

(6) FIG. 6 illustrates a partial cross-section of a third embodiment of the rotor in an axial direction;

(7) FIG. 7 illustrates a partial cross-section of a fourth embodiment of the rotor in an axial direction;

(8) FIG. 8 illustrates a partial cross-section of a fifth embodiment of the rotor in an axial direction;

(9) FIG. 9 illustrates a partial cross-section of a sixth embodiment of the rotor in an axial direction;

(10) FIG. 10 illustrates a cross-section of a seventh embodiment of the rotor in an axial direction;

(11) FIG. 11 illustrates a cross-section of an eighth embodiment of the rotor in an axial direction;

(12) FIG. 12 illustrates a partial cross-section of a ninth embodiment of the rotor in an axial direction;

(13) FIG. 13 illustrates a partial cross-section of a tenth embodiment of the rotor in an axial direction;

(14) FIG. 14 illustrates an embodiment of metal plates held in place by screws;

(15) FIGS. 15 and 16 illustrate an eleventh embodiment of the rotor; and

(16) FIGS. 17 to 19 illustrate embodiments of the short-circuit disc.

(17) Reference is now made to FIG. 3, which illustrates one embodiment of an asynchronous rotating electrical machine 7 comprising a stator 8, bearings 9, and a rotor 10 inserted into the stator 8 and bearings 9.

(18) The rotor 10 comprises a rotor end shaft comprising two half-shafts 11 and 12 and an axis (A) conflated with the axis of rotation of the rotor 10.

(19) As is visible in FIG. 4, the rotor 10 further comprises a magnetic block 13, and two short-circuit discs 14 each placed between one end of the magnetic block 13 and a half-shaft 11, 12.

(20) Bars 15 are inserted uniformly along a single diameter in the magnetic block 13.

(21) The bars 15 and short-circuit discs 14 are made, for instance, of copper, and are electrically linked to one another to form a cage winding.

(22) In this embodiment, the magnetic block 13 comprises a single-part metal body made, for instance, of steel.

(23) Anchors 16 are distributed uniformly across at least one diameter of the rotor, so as to keep the magnetic block 13 and the short-circuit discs 14 compacted between the two half-shafts 11 and 12.

(24) The ends of the anchors 16 comprise a thread in order to receive a nut.

(25) The magnetic block 13, short-circuit discs 14 and half-shafts 11 and 12 comprise through-holes for the anchors 16, sized such that when the rotor heats up, the anchors can thermally expand, while also allowing the anchors to fit with clearance into the magnetic block.

(26) Each half-shaft 11 and 12 comprises at least one means of retention, each short-circuit disc 14 comprises on each of its faces at least a second means of retention, and each end of the magnetic block comprises at least one third means of retention.

(27) The first, second, and third means of retention mate with one another so as to prevent a short-circuit disc 14 from moving relative to the half-shafts 11 and 12 and relative to the magnetic block 13.

(28) In this embodiment, the first, second, and third means of retention are disposed respectively in the center of the half-shaft 11 and 12, the center of the short-circuit disc 14, and the center of the magnetic block 13.

(29) The first and third means of retention comprise a counterbore 17, 20 and the second means of retention comprise a retention pin 18, the pins 18 and counterbores 17 and 20 are sized so that the pin 18 fits into the counterbore 17, 20 with or without clearance.

(30) In the following, those elements that are identical to those described previously are identified by the same reference numerals.

(31) Reference is now made to FIG. 5, which illustrates a partial cross-section of a second embodiment of the rotor 10 in an axial direction.

(32) The magnetic block 13, the short-circuit disc 14, the bars 15, the anchors 16, the retention pins 18, and the counterbores 20 can be seen.

(33) In this embodiment, an electrical insulator 21 separates the magnetic block 13 and the short-circuit disc 14 on part of their contact surface.

(34) The electrical insulator 21 is made up of a ring having a hole facing each pin 18 to allow through the pin 18 and of a disc facing each pin 18.

(35) In one variant not shown, the electrical insulator is an insulating varnish deposited on a thin sheet, such as one made of steel, the thin sheet comprising a ring, and a disc facing each pin 18 being inserted between the magnetic mass 13 and the short-circuit disc 14.

(36) Likewise, in one variant not shown, the insulator 21 comprising an insulating ring and an insulating disc facing each pin 18, or an insulating varnish deposited on a thin sheet, is inserted between each metal plate as depicted in FIGS. 10 to 14, which limits the leakage currents in order to improve the efficiency of the rotating electrical machine 7.

(37) The partial electrical insulation between the magnetic mass 13 and the short-circuit discs 14 makes it possible to reduce leakage currents.

(38) Consequently, the heating of the rotor 10 is reduced.

(39) The efficiency of the rotating electrical machine 7 is improved.

(40) Reference is now made to FIG. 6, which illustrates a partial cross-section of a third embodiment of the rotor 10 in an axial direction.

(41) The magnetic block 13, the bars 15, the anchors 16, the retention pins 23, and the counterbores 20 can be seen.

(42) In this embodiment, the short-circuit disc 14 has a hole in its center, and the second means of retention of the short-circuit disc 14 comprises a retention pin 23 having a hole in its center so as to form two retention collars each intended to fit with or without clearance into the counterbore 20.

(43) Those center holes make it possible to reduce the quantity of copper so as to lessen the mass of the rotor 10.

(44) This lessening makes it possible to increase the value of the critical bending speed of the rotor 10, which makes it possible to increase the running velocity of the rotating electrical machine 7 and as a result its electrical power.

(45) According to a fourth embodiment of the rotor 10, visible in FIG. 7, screws 24 are distributed uniformly on a diameter of the half-shafts 11 and 12 and pass through short-circuit discs 14.

(46) The screws 24 are trapped in the magnetic block 13 such that the half-shafts 11 and 12 fit around the short-circuit discs 14 and the magnetic block 13.

(47) According to a fifth embodiment (FIG. 8), the first means of retention and the third means of retention each comprise a retention pin 25 and 27, and the second means of retention comprises a counterbore 26.

(48) The retention pins 25 and 27 and the counterbore 26 are sized so that the retention pins fit into a counterbore.

(49) Reference is now made to FIG. 9, which illustrates a sixth embodiment of the rotor 10.

(50) In this embodiment, the first means of retention comprises a retention pin 28, the third means of retention comprises a counterbore 31, the second means of retention of a first face of the short-circuit disc comprises a counterbore 29, and the second means of retention of a second face of the short-circuit disc comprises a retention pin 30.

(51) The retention pin 28 of the half-shaft 11, the counterbore 29, and the retention pin 30 of the short-circuit disc, and the counterbore 31 of the magnetic block 13 are sized so that the retention pins each fit into a counterbore with or without clearance.

(52) Reference is now made to FIG. 10, which illustrates a cross-section of a seventh embodiment of the rotor 10 in an axial direction.

(53) The half-shafts 11 and 12 comprising the counterbores 20, the short-circuit discs 14 comprising the retention pins 18, the bars 15, and the anchors 16 can be seen.

(54) The rotor 10 comprises a magnetic block 32 comprising a stack of metal plates 33 and 34.

(55) The metal plate referenced as 34 is located at one of the ends of the magnetic plate 32.

(56) Each metal plate 33 and 34 comprises a means of retention on each of its faces.

(57) The means of retention of the plate referenced as 33 comprise on a first face of said plate a counterbore 35 and on a second face a retention pin 36, such that the retention pin 36 fits with or without clearance into an adjacent counterbore 35 such that, for a plate 33 located at the end of the magnetic block 32, the retention pin 18 of the short-circuit disc 14 fits with or without clearance into a counterbore 35 of said plate 33.

(58) The means of retention of the first and second faces of the metal plate are able to mate with or without clearance with the means of retention of the adjacent plates so as to prevent the metal plate from moving relative to the adjacent metal plates 33, 34.

(59) The plate referenced as 34 comprises on each of its faces a counterbore 35 so that the retention pin 18 and 36 fits with or without clearance into an adjacent counterbore 35.

(60) The plate referenced as 34 comprises the third means of retention mating with the second means of retention of the short-circuit disc 14 comprising the pin 18 so as to prevent the metal plate referenced as 34 from moving relative to an adjacent element comprising the metal plate referenced as 33 or the short-circuit disc 14.

(61) According to an eighth embodiment of the rotor 10, visible in FIG. 11, which depicts the half-shafts 11 and 12 comprising the counterbores 20, the short-circuit discs 14 comprising the retention pins 18, the bars 15, and the anchors 16, the rotor 10 comprises a magnetic block 36 comprising a stack of metal plates 37 and 38, alternating with one another.

(62) The metal plates 37 and 38 each comprise on their first and second faces an identical means of retention.

(63) The means of retention of the plates referenced as 37 comprise a counterbore on each face and the means of retention of the plates referenced as 38 comprise a pin on each face.

(64) The plates referenced as 37 and 38 are stacked in alternating fashion so that a pin fits with or without clearance into an adjacent counterbore and so that the third means of retention of the plates 37 at the end of the magnetic block mate with the second means of retention of the short-circuit disc 14 so as to prevent a metal plate from moving relative to an adjacent element comprising a metal plate 37, 38 or the short-circuit disc 14.

(65) In the embodiment of FIG. 12, the rotor 10 comprises a magnetic block 39 comprising a stack of metal plates 40.

(66) Each metal plate 40 comprises on each of its faces a means of retention comprising a counterbore 41 accommodating with or without clearance a removable retention pin 42 so as to prevent the metal plate from moving relative to the adjacent metal plates.

(67) The plates 40 located at the ends of the magnetic block 39 each comprise the third means of retention mating with the second means of retention of the short-circuit disc 14 so as to prevent the metal plate from moving relative to the short-circuit disc 14.

(68) In this embodiment, the first, second, and third means of retention each comprise a counterbore identical to the counterbore 41 accommodating a removable retention pin 42.

(69) The removable retention pin 42 may, if it is rigidly connected to one or both faces of a metal plate 40, be bonded to the plate or shrink-fitted into the counterbore 41 of the plate. If the pin is shrink-fitted, the temperature differential needed for the shrink-fitting is achieved either by heating the plate, or preferably by cooling the removable pin, e.g. by plunging the pin into liquid nitrogen.

(70) According to other embodiments, the first, second, and third means of retention may be of different types.

(71) Reference is now made to FIG. 13, which illustrates a partial cross-section of a tenth embodiment of the rotor 10 in an axial direction.

(72) In this embodiment, the rotor 10 comprises a magnetic block 43 comprising a stack of metal plates 44.

(73) Each metal plate 44 comprises through-holes 45 so that each hole 45 mates with or without clearance with a removable retention pin 46 so as to prevent a metal plate 44 from moving relative to the adjacent metal plates.

(74) The plates 44 located at the ends of the magnetic block 43 each comprise the third means of retention comprising a hole 45 mating with the second means of retention of the short-circuit disc 14 so as to prevent the metal plate from moving relative to the short-circuit disc 14.

(75) In this embodiment, the first means of retention comprises a blind hole 48, the second means of retention comprises a hole 49 such that the hole 49 passes through the short-circuit disc 14, a removable retention pin 50 fitting with or without clearance into the holes referenced as 45, 48, and 49.

(76) According to other embodiments, the first, second, and third means of retention may be of different types.

(77) According to another embodiment, the retention pins referenced as 46 and 50 are replaced by a rod 47 fitting with or without clearance into the holes 45, 49 and housed in the blind holes 48.

(78) In the embodiments of the rotor 10 comprising metal plates described previously, the metal plates are held in place in the axial direction (A) by anchors.

(79) In one variant, the metal plates are screwed to one another.

(80) As is visible in FIG. 14, the metal plates 51, 52 and 53 can be held in place by screws.

(81) In such a case, the plates 51 and 52 each comprise a counterbore 54 in order to fit the heads of the screws 56 into the thickness of the plate, and the plates 52 and 53 each comprise a threaded hole 55.

(82) Screws 56 rigidly connect the plates 51, 52 and 53 to one another by being screwed into the threaded holes 55.

(83) The number and location of the screws are determined such that a metal plate does not move relative to the other metal plates when the rotor 10 is rotationally driven and subjected to a torque or overtorque applied to its half-shafts.

(84) Each plate 51, 52, 53 comprises, in alternating fashion, counterbores 54 for allowing through screws 56 and threaded holes 55 mating with the threaded parts of the screws 56. This way, each plate is fastened by screws and rigidly connected to the adjacent plates.

(85) In one variant not shown, the metal plates are rigidly connected by compacting with anchors linking the two plates located at the ends of the magnetic block, the plates having holes for allowing the anchors through, and the two end plates comprising counterbores for receiving the nuts at the ends of the anchors, or one or two plates comprising threaded holes receiving the threaded ends of the anchors. Next, the magnetic block is fastened by screws to the half-shafts as shown in FIG. 7.

(86) In the embodiments of the rotor 10 comprising metal plates described previously, the metal plates may be of the same thickness or of different thicknesses.

(87) The thickness of the metal plates is chosen so that it is greater than 40% of the thickness of the short-circuit disc 14 and greater than 5% of the outer diameter of the rotor 10, preferably from 15 to 60% of the outer diameter of the rotor.

(88) According to other embodiments, means of retention are disposed uniformly across at least one diameter of the magnetic block.

(89) FIGS. 15 and 16 illustrate a partial cross-section of an eleventh embodiment of the rotor 10 in an axial direction and a front view of the short-circuit disc 14 in the direction XVI.

(90) The half-shaft 12 comprising blind holes 48, the short-circuit disc 14 comprising through-holes 49, and removable retention pins 57 can be seen.

(91) In this embodiment, the three removable retention pins 57 are cylindrical and are disposed on the same diameter of the short-circuit disc 14; in variants not shown, there may also be 2, 4, 5, or more retention pins machined in the half-shafts or metal plates or short-circuit discs or removable pins, substantially distributed uniformly across the same diameter, or in two or more rows with two or more concentric diameters.

(92) The retention pins and removable retention pins may, for instance, be circular, in a shape that is cylindrical or conical, square, rhomboid, triangular, trapezoidal, square topped by a triangle, or polygonal.

(93) FIGS. 17 and 18 illustrate a front view of the short-circuit disc 14 comprising the second means of retention at its center, or a front view of a half-shaft 11, 12 or a metal plate 13, 33, 34, 37, 38, 40, 44, 51, 52, 53 of the magnetic block.

(94) FIG. 17 illustrates, for instance, the first means of retention comprising a machined or removable square retention pin 58 and the second means of retention comprising a square hole 59 accommodating the retention pin 58 with or without clearance J.

(95) The anchors 16 pass through the short-circuit discs 14, half-shafts or metal plates.

(96) The number of sides of the pin 58 is a multiple of the number of copper bars 15 (not shown in FIG. 17) and anchors 16, thereby enabling multiple angular positions of the half-shaft or short-circuit disc or metal plates, when stacking and manufacturing the rotor. As shown in FIG. 17, a four-sided square pin is a multiple of eight anchors, or as shown in FIG. 18, a three-sided triangular pin is multiple and compatible with six anchors.

(97) Advantageously, this configuration makes it possible to avoid using positioning guides when installing the rotor.

(98) Additionally, such a retention pin, whether machined or removable, makes it possible to transmit a sizable torque between the short-circuit disc 14 and the half-shaft, or between metal plates, via the sides of the polygon.

(99) According to another embodiment, the machined or removable retention pin may be an asymmetrical polygon, such as, for instance, a square topped with a triangle, making it possible to use it as a positioning guide as well as a unique angular position if need be for the half-shaft, short-circuit disc, or metal plates.

(100) The compacting force of the anchors may be reduced because the torque only travels through the surfaces of the plates in contact. Thus, the number of anchors may be reduced, or the cross-section of the anchors may be reduced in the case of a rotor comprising anchors.

(101) Advantageously, polygonal retention pins enable the rotor to transmit a much higher torque than an adhesion torque transmission between adjacent elements such as half-shafts, short-circuit discs, or metal plates.

(102) FIG. 18 illustrates the first means of retention comprising a machined or removable triangular pin 60 and the corresponding second or third means of retention comprising a triangular hole 61 accommodating the pin 60 with or without clearance J1, and the anchors 16.

(103) The number of sides of the pin 60 is a multiple of the number of anchors 16 and copper bars 15 (not shown in FIG. 18).

(104) In one variant not shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, 10 and 11, a threaded end of the anchors 16 is screwed into a threaded hole of the half-shaft 11 or 12, and the other end of the anchors passes through a hole in the half-shaft 12 or 11 to accommodate a nut.

(105) FIG. 19 illustrates a variant embodiment having two or more rows of copper bars 15 disposed along two or more substantially concentric diameters, or two or more rows of anchors 16 or fastening screws 24, 56 disposed along two or more substantially concentric diameters.

(106) In variants not shown, the bars 15 are rectangular in shape, rectangular with rounded edges, or oblong in shape.

(107) The bars 15 are preferably made of copper or a copper alloy, but may also be made of aluminum, an aluminum alloy, or any other electrically conductive material.