Abstract
Liners (150), fittings (11-22), and spacers (23-25) are provided to assemble the jet (170) units, which work as explosives (110) and detonators (120) to form stand-off distance and air-deck (140) space. The liners (150) release jets (170) and the fittings (11-22) and spacers (23-25) are designed to attach the liner (150) firmly to the explosives (110), inducing the cavity effect. The objective of the present invention is to provide a blasting method using a jet (170) unit to overcome the limits of sympathetic detonation, applying a mechanism that is ideal according to the analysis of observations in blast-hole (100) blasting. The application of jet (170) units for jet (170) detonation in blast-hole (100) blasting overcomes the performance limits of explosives (110) manufacturing and the conceptual limits of detonators (120) functionalities and improves the channel effect, dead pressing, loss of power, and stopping of detonation etc. Particularly, the application of controlled blasting and air-decking can be carried out without restriction while maintaining the safety of the slurry or emulsion explosives (110).
Claims
1. A cylindrical fitting for mounting a liner to which one or more liners for detonation are attached, characterized in that the liner for detonation is formed integrally with the fitting or formed to be detachable from the fitting.
2. The cylindrical fitting for mounting a liner according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom surface of the liner for detonation is aligned with one of both ends of the cylindrical fitting, or the bottom surface of the liner for detonation is located between both ends of the cylindrical fitting.
3. The cylindrical fitting for mounting a liner according to claim 2, characterized in that the fitting has two liners for detonation and the bottom surface of one of the liners faces to one end of the cylindrical fitting and the bottom surface of the other liners faces to the opposite end of the cylindrical fitting.
4. The cylindrical fitting for mounting a liner according to claim 1, characterized in that the fitting has an insert hole through which a detonator is inserted.
5. The cylindrical fitting for mounting a liner according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of both ends of the cylindrical fitting has a lid.
6. The cylindrical fitting for mounting a liner according to claim 1, wherein the liner for detonation is made of at least one of materials selected from the group consisting of metal, plastic, ceramic and glass.
7. The cylindrical fitting for mounting a liner according to claim 6, wherein the shape of the liner for detonation is selected from the group consisting of flat type, curved type, conical type, trumpet type, double cone type, flat top type, recessed type, double nipple type.
8. A jet unit for detonation comprising a fitting for mounting a liner according to claim 1 further comprising a cylindrical spacer attached to the fitting.
9. The jet unit for detonation according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one of both ends of the spacer is formed in a curved shape or in a conical shape.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0027] FIG. 1A is a sectional side view illustrating the detonation reaction zone by the detonator.
[0028] FIG. 1B is a sectional side view illustrating the dead-pressing phenomenon by the channel effect.
[0029] FIG. 1C is a sectional side view illustrating the jet generated by the shaped charge.
[0030] FIG. 1D is a sectional side view illustrating the detonation reaction zone by the jet.
[0031] FIG. 2A is a diagram showing the shapes of detonation liners.
[0032] FIG. 2B is a diagram showing the shapes of fittings and spacers.
[0033] FIG. 3A is a diagram showing a detonator on the jet unit.
[0034] FIG. 3B is a diagram showing the basic shape of the jet unit.
[0035] FIG. 3C is a diagram showing the basic shape of the jet unit with the stand-off distance.
[0036] FIG. 4A is a sectional side view of a charging method of cartridge explosives according to the prior art.
[0037] FIG. 4B is a sectional side view of a charging method of bulk explosives according to the prior art.
[0038] FIG. 4C is a sectional side view of a charging method of pre-splitting according to the prior art.
[0039] FIG. 4D is a sectional side view of a charging method of air-decking according to the prior art.
[0040] FIG. 5A is a sectional side view of a charging method of cartridge explosives in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
[0041] FIG. 5B is a sectional side view of a charging method of bulk explosives in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
[0042] FIG. 5C is a sectional side view of a charging method of pre-splitting in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
[0043] FIG. 5D is a sectional side view of a charging method of air-decking in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0044] FIGS. 1A to 1D illustrate the problems of the prior art and their solutions provided by a detonating jet.
[0045] FIG. 1A shows the detonation reaction caused by the propagation of the explosives 110 of the detonator 120. Shock wave and explosion product 190 are generated in the detonation reaction zone 180.
[0046] FIG. 1B is a diagram showing the cause of the channel effect. The shock wave originating from the detonation of the detonator 120 passes between the blast-hole 100 and the explosive 110 to reach the explosive 110 which has not yet been detonated, thereby reducing the sensitivity. This reduces the efficiency of explosives 110 and results in misfired charges. This phenomenon becomes evident when using slurry or emulsion explosives manufactured on the basis of hot spot theory in small tunnels. This reduces efficiency in controlled blasting and bench blasting in construction and mining and limits the potential for wider implementation of air-decking.
[0047] FIG. 1C shows the jet 170 produced when the shaped charge is detonated by the detonator 120. The shock wave generated by the explosive 110 transmits to and collapses the liner 150. The collapsed liner 150 forms a jet 170 of high temperature and pressure in the axial direction. The temperature of the jet 170 is above 500 degrees and the speed reaches 12.5 km/s, more than twice the speed of the fragments of the detonator 120. At this time, the stand-off distance 160, which is the distance from the liner 150 to the target, further accelerates the jet 170 emitted by the liner 150.
[0048] FIG. 1D shows the detonation reaction zone 180 of cartridge explosives 110 which are detonated by the jet 170 emitted by the shaped charge. As such, it can be seen that the detonation reaction zone 180 by the jet 170 is greatly different from that by the detonator 120 in FIG. 1A. The detonation by the jet 170 of the liner 150 proceeds faster than the propagation of the explosion by the conventional sympathetic detonation in the blast-hole 100 blasting, and exceeds the propagation speed of the pressure by the shock wave through the air gap of the blast-hole 100.
[0049] As described above, detonation by the jet unit of FIGS. 3A to 3C is to reduce the completion time of the detonation reaction and to increase the degree of completion, to effectively use the explosive 110, and to improve the channel effect, dead pressure phenomenon, and prevent the loss of power and halt of detonation. This is because the emitted jet 170 fragments and their energy not only detonate explosives 110 in the blast-hole 100 in a short time, but the detonation reaction of the charged explosives 110 occurs all along the axis, maximizing its efficiency.
[0050] FIGS. 2A and 2B are described with reference to the diagrams for the production of liners (1˜10), fittings (11˜22), and spacers (23˜25). In the practice of the present invention, it can be loaded by simply attaching the liner (1˜10) to the explosives 110, but also as shown in FIG. 2B for convenience and workability of mounting the liner (1˜10), as well as forming the stand-off distance 160. Fittings (11˜22), such as the integral type (11˜13), detachable type (14˜16), bidirectional types (17, 18), waterproof type (19, 20), application type (21, 22), and spacers (23˜25) may be selected and applied according to the characteristics of each task. Particularly, when both ends of the spacers (23˜25) are formed in the shape of a liner, such as a curved surface 23 or a conical shape 24, they are suitable for supporting the liner 150 and inducing the cavity effect to the charged explosives 110, consistent with the implication of the present method. If the diameter of the blast-hole is larger than the diameter of the fittings or the spacers in FIG. 2B, the jet units shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C are to be installed parallel to the blast-hole by making it possible to attach a straight or circular wing to the spacer or the fitting.
[0051] FIG. 2A shows the various shapes available for the manufacturing of the detonation liners 1 to 10. Flat type (1, 2), Curved type (3), Conical type (4), Trumpet type (5), Double Cone type (6, 7), Flat Top type (8), Recessed type (9), Double Nipple type (10). The liners (1˜10) can vary in speed, length and width of the cross-section of the jet 170, depending on its shape. The material may be metal, plastic, ceramic or glass etc.; it emits the jet(s) 170 following detonation of the explosives 110, depending on the characteristics such as friction or impact for work safety, and the temperature of the jet(s) 170.
[0052] FIG. 2B shows the various shapes available for the manufacturing of the fittings (11˜22) and spacers (23˜25): Integral type of fitting and liner (11), Integral type of fitting and liner with an extension (12), Integral type of fitting and liner with stand-off distance (13), Detachable type of fitting and liner (14), Detachable type of fitting and liner with stand-off distance (15, 16), Bidirectional fitting and liner (17), Bidirectional fitting and liner with stand-off distance (18), Waterproof fitting and liner (19), Waterproof fitting and liner with stand-off distance (20), Spherical shaped fitting and liner (21), Application type for centralized jet (22), Hemispherical shaped spacer (23), Conical shaped spacer (24), Spacer for supporting liner and with cartridge receiver (25). The bidirectional fittings (17, 18) may mount the detonator 120 through the detonator insert 202. Waterproof fittings (19, 20) can be used by inserting or filling explosives 110 and closing the lid 203 for waterproofing. The spherical 21 can be used for large diameters, while the application type 22 can be used for high-explosives 115 and low-explosives 116, where the jet must be concentrated in one place. The fittings (11˜22) and spacers (23˜25) may be made of plastic materials similar to plastic or eco-friendly materials.
[0053] FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C are jet units for jet detonation in blast-hole blasting. They act as explosives 110 and detonators 120, enabling the ideal blast-hole blasting following observation and analysis from the constraint of the implicit concept that “all propagation of detonation depends on the sympathetic detonation between charged explosives” since the invention of detonators 120. As shown in FIG. 3C, the fittings with (13, 15, 16, 18, 20), and without (11, 12, 14, 17, 19, 22) the stand-off distance 160 may be more effective and convenient. The stand-off distance 160 accelerates the jet 170 and serves as the space for the air-deck 140, making it possible to use the explosives 110 more efficiently than the conventional air-deck 140 method.
[0054] For jet detonation in blast-hole blasting: Firstly, the liner 150 is attached to the explosives 110, primer 111, booster 112, or column charge 113, mainly by using a straight or curved line of the generatrix of the cone to sufficiently induce the emission of the jet 170. The method of attaching the liner 150 is as shown in FIG. 3A. In the case of a cone shape, the rotation axis of the cone 150 coincides with the supposed long axis of the blast-hole 100, the cartridge explosives 110, the detonator 120, and the underside of the explosives to be attached. It should be made sure that the explosives 110 are in close contact with the outer surface of the liner 150.
[0055] Secondly, after attaching the liner 150, it is possible to induce acceleration on the jet 170 released by the liner 150 by setting the stand-off distance 160. This amplifies the detonation force of the jet 170. In the case of long-hole blasting, this has the advantage of further accelerating the detonation. In the case of the conical liner 4, the stand-off distance 160 may be applied at 2 to 8 times the diameter depending on the material to be manufactured for the penetration or cutting of the steel. Shorter or longer alterations of the stand-off distance do not interfere with the detonation of the explosives. As a simple test blasting according to the situation of the site, it can account for various variables such as the material and shape of the liner 150.
[0056] Thirdly, in the above-mentioned bench blasting, tunnel blasting, controlled blasting, underwater blasting, etc., determines the loading amount according to the working situation, attach the liner 150, set the stand-off distance 160, and then use spacer (23˜25) between the charges. By doing this, the efficiency of various blasting methods can be improved, and in particular, the air-deck method can be widely applied. Various types of liners (1˜10), fittings (11˜22), and spacers (23˜25) shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B may be selected according to the types and characteristics of the above operations.
[0057] FIGS. 4A to 4D are conventional methods, all of which only rely on sympathetic detonation for the charged explosives (111˜114). With regard to an issue in blast-hole blasting, the shock wave energy following the crushing of the blast-hole wall is expended in pollution.
[0058] FIG. 4A is a representative method of the prior art; after placing the primer 111 with a detonator 120 at the bottom of a blast-hole 100, the column charge 113 located on the top, and stemming 130. In some cases, the primer 111 may be placed in the middle of a charge or just before the stemming 130.
[0059] FIG. 4B is a conventional technique in which a primer 111 is placed with a detonator 120 at the bottom of the blast-hole with loaded bulk explosives 114. In most cases, to increase the power of detonation, a booster 112 is placed in the middle of the charge. Even if the booster 112 is placed in the middle of the charge, the efficiency of the blasting is limited as a method of sympathetic detonation, and the potential wide implementation of the air-deck is restricted. When applied to large-scale bench blasting, the loss of power and halt of detonation are not distinctly recognizable, but there is much room for improvement from the perspective of the ideal method of a detonation reaction.
[0060] FIG. 4C is a method of pre-splitting, which is a kind of controlled blasting of the prior art. The explosives 110 (with diameters smaller than the blast-holes diameters) attach to the detonating cord 117 at regular intervals to detonate them. Controlled blasting is carried out by decoupling charges in order to soften the shockwave during the detonation. When the air-deck method is applied to avoid noise generated by the detonating cord 117, the workability is inferior due to the channel effect.
[0061] FIG. 4D is the air-deck 140 charging method of the prior art to charge the primer 111 and column charge 113. It is mainly arranged with the empty space at the bottom, center, and top of the charge. Thus, the column charge 113 depends on the sympathetic detonation, reducing the detonation velocity; thereby restricting the use of the air-deck. Regarding the ideal use of the detonation reaction, there is much room for improvement as shown in FIG. 4B.
[0062] FIGS. 5A to 5D are charging methods for jet detonation in the present invention, loading a jet unit acting as explosives 110 and a detonator 120 in a blast-hole 100. The jet unit concentrates and amplifies the detonation force of the detonator 120; it reduces the completion time of the detonation reaction and enhances its degree of completion. In particular, spacers 300, such as curved 23 or conical 24 ends; the same as the liner's shape, are used to support the liner 150 and form a stand-off distance 160 and air-deck 140. With the utilization of the jet 170 detonation and the cavity effect of the charged explosive 110, the ideal mechanism is further enhanced.
[0063] FIG. 5A is a method of applying the jet detonation to the simplest charging method of the prior art. The explosive 110 and detonator 120 are placed in the blast-hole 100, and the primer 111 is placed in the middle of the charge. By deploying a jet unit that acts as an explosive 110 and a detonator 120 using the detonating liner 150, the propagation of detonation can be further accelerated and completion time of the explosion reaction reduced. The lack of stand-off distance 160 and air-deck 140 reduce the efficiency of the explosive, but the faster detonation further enhances the explosive's power, making it more effective than conventional methods in cast blasting that require throwing.
[0064] FIG. 5B shows a bulk explosive 114 loaded in a blast-hole 100. A liner 150 is attached to the primer 111 and has a spacer 300 installed to induce acceleration of the jet 170. In addition, by attaching the liner 150 to the booster 112 and spacer 300, the propagation of the detonation can be accelerated further than the conventional method, as well as having reduced the completion time and increasing the degree of completion of the detonation, in order to enable the air-deck to be carried out without restriction.
[0065] FIG. 5C is an example of the decoupling charge, in which the blast-hole 100 is alternately loaded with the explosives 110 and spacer 300. The positioning of the primer 111 in the middle can reduce the completion time of detonation. In controlled blasting such as pre-splitting, cushion blasting, and smooth blasting, decoupling charges are performed. The decoupling charge is a blasting method that controls the shock wave acting on the wall of the blast-hole 100, by using explosives 110 about 2˜3 times smaller than the blast-hole diameter. The conventional method using the detonating cord 117 causes noise, and the air tube method has the problem of a sympathetic detonation. Using the liner 150 and spacer 300 according to the method of the present invention can solve the two problems mentioned above and can also be applied to quarrying by extending the stand-off distance 160 and the air-deck 140.
[0066] FIG. 5D illustrates an air-deck 140 charging method of the present invention, in which two-way jet units are deployed in the center of the charge. The air-deck may be placed where the degree of breakage is to be increased and selecting the position of the detonation in the middle may reduce the time for the completion of detonation. Fittings 200 and spacers 300 will allow for various modifications to the jet unit's location and air-deck charge methods. Air-decks 140 are formed by using spacers on the lower and upper part of the blast-hole 100, and a primer 111 having the detonator 120 fixed thereto is placed in the center, and a stand-off distance 160 of the liner 150 is formed. The microscopic observation of the breakage effect by the air-deck 140 charging method has been reported to have a decisive effect on the shock wave within 4-8 ms, while jet units with the jet liner 150 reduce the completion time of the detonation reaction of the charged explosive and increase its maturity. The spacing by the stand-off distance 160 and spacer 300 is sufficient to allow the chemical product 190 of the detonation reaction to release its energy as a shock wave, and the duration of the reverberation is greatly improved. Thus, the jet detonation by the jet unit enables the ideal implementation in the practical application according to the experimental theory of blasting by analysis of the mechanism of the detonation reaction.
[0067] The above description is intended to be illustrative, not restrictive. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the appended claims along with the full scope of equivalents. It is anticipated and intended that future developments will occur in the art, and that the disclosed devices, kits and methods will be incorporated into such future embodiments. Thus, the invention is capable of modification and variation and is limited only by the following claims.
