JOINT FOR A DEVICE MOVEABLE IN VACUUM, MECHANISM FOR MOVING A DEVICE IN VACUUM AND DEVICE

Abstract

The present invention relates to a joint for a device moveable in vacuum, the joint comprising a supporting part, a mobile part and a guiding and connecting part, wherein the mobile part and the supporting part each have at least a region of convex shape, with the regions of convex shape of the mobile part and of the supporting part facing one another and with the guiding and connecting part being arranged, in particular clamped, between the regions of convex shape of the supporting part and of the mobile part, wherein the guiding and connecting part has a greater bending elasticity than either of the supporting part and the mobile part. The invention further relates to a mechanism for moving a device in vacuum, the mechanism comprising a plurality of joints and to a device comprising a plurality of joints and/or a mechanism, with the device being configured to be moved in a vacuum.

Claims

1.-30. (canceled)

31. A joint for a device moveable in vacuum, the joint comprising a supporting part, a mobile part and a guiding and connecting part, wherein the mobile part and the supporting part each have at least a region of convex shape, with the regions of convex shape of the mobile part and of the supporting part facing one another and with the guiding and connecting part being arranged, between the regions of convex shape, wherein the guiding and connecting part has a greater bending elasticity than either of the supporting part and the mobile part and the guiding and connecting part has a reduced thickness in comparison to the supporting part and the mobile part, and wherein the mobile part can move relative to the supporting part.

32. The joint in accordance with claim 31, wherein the region of convex shape of at least one of the mobile part and the supporting part has an arcuate shape.

33. The joint in accordance with claim 31, wherein the respective region of convex shape of the mobile part and of the supporting part is formed by bending a respective first part of the region of convex shape relative to a second part of the region of convex shape, with the bend being selected in the range of 10 to 80°.

34. The joint in accordance with claim 31, wherein the region of convex shape of the mobile part and of the supporting part is formed such that the mobile part and the supporting part each have a surface forming a part cylindrical axis.

35. The joint in accordance with claim 34, wherein a plane containing the part cylindrical axes of the surfaces of the mobile part and the supporting part contain contact lines of the mobile part and the supporting part with the guiding and connecting part.

36. The joint in accordance with claim 31, wherein the guiding and connecting part has a thickness selected in the range of 0.02 μm to 5 cm; and/or wherein the guiding and connecting part has a bending elasticity which is at least twice the bending elasticity of the mobile part and/or of the supporting part; and/or wherein the guiding and connecting part, the mobile part and the supporting part are made from the same material; and/or wherein the guiding and connecting part, the mobile part and the supporting part are made in one piece.

37. The joint in accordance with claim 31, wherein the guiding and connecting part, the mobile part and the supporting part are separate components.

38. The joint in accordance with claim 31, wherein the mobile part can rotate relative to the supporting part, with a range of rotation being selected in the range of 20 to 160°.

39. The joint in accordance with claim 31, wherein the mobile part comprises a material selected from the group of members consisting of metal, such as stainless steel, steel, aluminium, aluminium alloys, non-ferrous alloys, high temperature alloys, carbon steels, high carbon steels, steel alloys, aluminium bronze, nickel, nickel alloys, brass, oxygen-free copper, titanium, niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, plastic, such as, polyether ether ketone, polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, vespel polyimide, glass, wood, ceramic material, silicon and combinations of the foregoing; and/or wherein the supporting part comprises a material selected from the group of members consisting of metal, such as stainless steel, steel, aluminium, aluminium alloys, non-ferrous alloys, high temperature alloys, carbon steels, high carbon steels, steel alloys, aluminium bronze, nickel, nickel alloys, brass, oxygen-free copper, titanium, niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, plastic, such as, polyether ether ketone, polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, vespel polyimide, glass, wood, ceramic material, silicon and combinations of the foregoing; and/or wherein the guiding and connecting part comprises a material selected from the group of members consisting of stainless steel, steel, aluminium, aluminium alloys, non-ferrous alloys, high temperature alloys, carbon steels, high carbon steels, steel alloys, aluminium bronze, nickel, nickel alloys, brass, oxygen-free copper, titanium, niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, polyether ether ketone, polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, vespel polyimide, silicon and combinations of the foregoing.

40. The joint in accordance with claim 31, wherein a thickness of the mobile part is selected in the range of 0.04 μm to 100 cm; and/or wherein a thickness of the supporting part is selected in the range of 0.04 μm to 100 cm.

41. The joint in accordance with claim 31, wherein the guiding and connecting part is fastened to at least one of the mobile part and the supporting part.

42. The joint in accordance with claim 31, wherein one or more ends of the guiding and connecting part is fastened to at least one of the mobile part and the supporting part.

43. The joint in accordance with claim 31, wherein one or more ends of the guiding and connecting part is fastened to at least one of the mobile part and the supporting part and wherein the guiding and connecting part is fastened to at least one of the mobile part and the supporting part by at least one of spot welding, welding, soldering, brazing, screwing, bonding and riveting.

44. A mechanism for moving a device in vacuum, the mechanism comprising a plurality of joints, each of the joints comprising a supporting part, a mobile part and a guiding und connecting part, wherein the mobile part and the supporting part each have at least a region of convex shape, with the regions of convex shape of the mobile part and of the supporting part facing one another and with the guiding and connecting part being arranged, between the regions of convex shape, wherein the guiding and connecting part has a greater bending elasticity than either of the supporting part and the mobile part and the guiding and connecting part has a reduced thickness in comparison to the supporting part and the mobile part, and wherein the mobile part can move relative to the supporting part.

45. The mechanism in accordance with claim 44, wherein the mechanism comprises four joints.

46. The mechanism in accordance with claim 44, wherein the mechanism is a parallelogram mechanism with one side of the parallelogram mechanism being held fixed to a further component and the plurality of joints being arranged at the edges of the parallelogram mechanism.

47. The mechanism in accordance with claim 46, wherein the parallelogram mechanism is configured to be moved to and fro in one direction relative to the one side of the parallelogram mechanism held fixed to the further component.

48. A device comprising a plurality of joints, each of the joints comprising a supporting part, a mobile part and a guiding und connecting part, wherein the mobile part and the supporting part each have at least a region of convex shape, with the regions of convex shape of the mobile part and of the supporting part facing one another and with the guiding and connecting part being arranged, between the regions of convex shape, wherein the guiding and connecting part has a greater bending elasticity than either of the supporting part and the mobile part and the guiding and connecting part has a reduced thickness in comparison to the supporting part and the mobile part, and wherein the mobile part can move relative to the supporting part, the device being configured to be moved in a vacuum.

49. The device in accordance with claim 48, further comprising an actuation mechanism, with the actuation mechanism being attached at the side of the mechanism held fixed to a further component.

50. The device in accordance with claim 49, wherein the actuation mechanism comprises a push rod.

51. The device in accordance with claim 48, further comprising a support for linking the device to an applicator attached to a further side of the mechanism of the device remote from the side held fixed to a further component.

52. The device in accordance with claim 51, wherein the support comprises at least one of a bracket, a fork, a plate, a holder, a table and a combination of the foregoing.

53. The device in accordance with claim 51, wherein the support is configured to make contact to the applicator in a direction perpendicular to the direction of movement.

54. The device in accordance with claim 51, wherein the applicator comprises one of a source holder for a source, an aperture, a source, a beam dump, a deflector and combinations of the foregoing.

Description

[0036] The invention will now be described in further detail by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings there are shown:

[0037] FIG. 1: a single joint in neutral position with load directions indicated by force arrows.

[0038] FIG. 2: a parallelogram mechanism based on four joints according to the invention; The right side is kept fixed, as indicated by the blocks, the left side may support a load. Three different positions within the movement range are shown;

[0039] FIG. 3: permissible force directions for proper operation;

[0040] FIG. 4: different positions of the joint shown in FIG. 1 during its movement;

[0041] FIG. 5: a reversed single joint in neutral position with load directions indicated by force arrows;

[0042] FIG. 6: permissible force directions for proper operation of the reversed joint of FIG. 5;

[0043] FIG. 7: different positions of the joint shown in FIG. 5 during its movement;

[0044] FIG. 8: an example of an integrally formed joint;

[0045] FIG. 9: different positions of the joint shown in FIG. 8 during its movement;

[0046] FIG. 10: an example of an integrally formed joint in reverse orientation;

[0047] FIG. 11: different positions of the joint shown in FIG. 10 during its movement;

[0048] FIG. 12: a perspective view of a device;

[0049] FIG. 13: a side view of the device of FIG. 12; and

[0050] FIG. 14a to d: example applicators.

[0051] FIG. 1 shows a single joint 10 in neutral position with load directions indicated by force arrows being illustrated. The joint 10 is for a device 100 (see FIGS. 12 and 13) moveable in vacuum. The joint 10 comprises a supporting part 12, a mobile part 14 and a guiding and connecting part 16. The mobile part 14 and the supporting part 12 each have one region 18, 20 of convex shape, with the region 18 of convex shape of the mobile part 14 facing the region 20 of convex shape of the supporting part 12. The guiding and connecting part 16 is arranged, more specifically is clamped, between the regions 18, 20 of convex shape.

[0052] The guiding and connecting part 16 has a greater bending elasticity than either of the supporting part 12 and the mobile part 14 and the guiding and connecting part 16 has a reduced thickness in comparison to the supporting part 12 and the mobile part 14, and wherein the mobile part 14 can move relative to the supporting part 12.

[0053] The respective region 18, 20 of convex shape of at least one of the mobile part 14 and the supporting part 12 is formed by a part cylindrical surface 22, 24 having an arcuate shape. The rounded surface of the part cylindrical surfaces 22, 24 permit a rotation of the mobile part 14 relative to the supporting part 12 about a part cylindrical axis. The surface normal of the part cylindrical surfaces 22, 24 provides a support in the direction of the length of the respective part cylindrical surface 22, 24, i.e. in the axial direction of the part cylinder, so that the mobile part 14 rotates relative to the supporting part 12 and is at the same time axially supported.

[0054] In this connection it should be noted that a plane P containing the part cylindrical axes of the part cylindrical surfaces 22, 24 of the mobile part 14 and the supporting part 12 contain contact lines of the mobile part 14 and of the supporting part 12 with the guiding and connecting part 16.

[0055] On forming a joint the respective region 18, 20 of convex shape of the mobile part 14 and of the supporting part 12 is formed by bending a respective first part of the region 18, 20 of convex shape relative to a second part of the region 18, 20 of convex shape, with the bend being selected in the range of 10 to 80°. In this way the mobile part 14 can rotate by between 20 and 160° relative to the supporting part 12.

[0056] FIG. 2 shows a parallelogram mechanism 40 having four joints 10. In the drawing the right side 42 of the mechanism 40 is kept fixed to a further component 50, as indicated by the blocks, the left side 46 may support a load (see e.g. a support 106 as indicated in FIGS. 12 & 13).

[0057] The top drawing shows a first position of movement of the mechanism 40 in which it is deflected upwardly, the middle drawing shows the mechanism 40 in its rest state, whereas the bottom drawing shows the mechanism deflected downwardly.

[0058] The mechanism comprises four sides 42, 44, 46, 48 with the first side 42 (i.e. the right side) being connected to a further component 50 held fixed in position and third side 46 disposed opposite the first side 42 to which a further component (not shown in FIG. 2) can be connected.

[0059] The plurality of joints 10 are arranged at edges 52, 54, 56, 58 of the mechanism 40. One of the supporting parts 12 of the four joints 10 of the mechanism 40 is formed at the side 42 fixed to a further component 50. A further one of the supporting part 12 of the four joints 10 of the mechanism 40 is formed at the side 46 configured to be connected to the support 106 (see FIG. 12). Thus, in this embodiment each side connected to further components 50, 106 comprises one supporting part 12 and two mobile parts 14.

[0060] The mobile parts 14 of the respective joints 10 can hence move relative to both the further component 50 and the support 106. The parallelogram mechanism 40 is configured to be moved to and fro in one direction A relative to the one side 42 of the parallelogram mechanism 40 held fixed to the further component 50.

[0061] The individual joint 10 (FIG. 1) is therefore designed specifically for certain orientations of the forces acting on the joint as shown by the arrows in FIGS. 1 and 2. It consists of three parts. The upper part is the mobile part 14, with a combined force acting to the left and downwards on it. The lower part of the joint 10 is the supporting part, and supplies the opposite force according to Newton's law. The two parts 12, 14 are connected via the guiding and connecting part 16 which is a thin sheet of elastic material (e.g. spring-hard stainless steel) in the example of FIGS. 1 and 2 that is connected to the upper part at its left and, and to the lower part at its right end. This sheet is under tensile strain.

[0062] The cylindrical surfaces 22, 24 of the top and bottom parts 14, 12 facing the guiding and connecting part 16 define the range of rotation, in the present example both bends are 30°, resulting in a total range of rotation of at most 60°. The plane containing the cylinder axes of these surfaces 22, 24 also contains both contact lines of the upper and lower parts 14, 12 with the elastic sheet 16 (FIG. 3).

[0063] Approximately halfway between these contact lines is the momentary axis of rotation between the upper and lower parts 12, 14. During rotation, this rotation axis moves along the surface approximately halfway between the upper and lower surfaces of the elastic material, i.e. of the guiding and connecting part 16, and collinear with the axes of the cylindrical surfaces 22, 24. As an example for a small mechanism 40, the upper and lower parts 14, 12 may consist of stainless steel sheet metal 1 mm thick, the elastic sheet may have a thickness of 20 μm.

[0064] For a given position during the movement, the shaded rectangles 50 in FIG. 3 indicate the allowed directions of the forces. For the upper part 14, these originate in the upper right quadrant, directed at the end line of the contact surface between the upper part 14 and the elastic sheet 16.

[0065] For the lower part 12, these originate in the lower left quadrant, directed at the end line of the contact surface between the lower part 12 and the elastic sheet 16. The mechanism 40 only works as intended if the force directions remain in these quadrants at all times throughout the movements. For many cases, such as the parallelogram mechanism 40 shown in FIGS. 2 and 12 to 13, however, this requirement can be met.

[0066] The joint 10 of FIG. 1 is shown in different positions along its range of movement in FIG. 4. The guiding and connecting part 16, i.e. the elastic sheet, is fastened at its ends 26, 28 to the supporting part 12 and the mobile part 14 by standard connection methods according to the state of the art such as spot welding, rivets, or screws.

[0067] Preferentially, and as shown by the positions in FIG. 4, the movement range should be designed with headroom in both directions, such that the rotation never exactly reaches or even exceeds the ends of the cylindrical bends of the top and bottom parts 14, 12.

[0068] If operated near or beyond these points, the elastic sheet 16 may be bent sharply near its fastening points, and may eventually fail. Forces pointing towards the contact point in the lower right quadrant for the upper part and in the upper left quadrant for the lower part in FIG. 3 will lead to a lifting and detachment of the joint 10. Under these conditions, the plane containing the end line of the contact surface between the elastic sheet 16 and the upper part 14 and the end line of the contact surface between the elastic sheet 16 and the lower part 12 no longer contains the axes of the cylindrical surfaces 22, 24 of the upper and lower parts 14, 12. There is no longer a firm perpendicular contact between the upper and lower parts 14, 12 through the elastic sheet 16. The parts 14, 12 hang at each other with some length of free elastic sheet 16 between them, leading to the possibility of oscillations or rupture of the elastic sheet 16 near its fastening points, i.e. near to its first and second ends due to excessive and non-elastic bending near these points.

[0069] Finally, for both of the two cases discussed above, if the direction of the forces is reversed, the elastic sheet 16 will be compressively strained in plane, leading to bulging, crumpling and failure for already rather small forces.

[0070] For a joint 10 that needs to support forces in these directions, the attachment of the elastic sheet may be reversed as shown in FIG. 5 and for the lower joints of the parallelogram in FIG. 2.

[0071] FIG. 5 shows a single joint 10 reversed in its arrangement in comparison to the joint 10 shown in FIG. 1. The joint 10 is in neutral position with load directions indicated by force arrows. FIG. 6 shows the permissible force directions for proper operation of the reversed joint of FIG. 5.

[0072] As indicated by the arrows in FIGS. 5 and 6, the forces on both parts 12, 14 are opposite to the first case illustrated in connection with FIG. 1. The corresponding force quadrants are shown in FIG. 6. The same range of movements as for the joint 10 of FIG. 1 shown in FIG. 4 is displayed for the joint 10 of FIG. 5 in FIG. 7.

[0073] In a complex mechanism 40 containing several joints 10, such as shown in FIG. 2, normal or reversed joints 10 may be combined in such a way that each joint 10 is always loaded in its correct direction. In FIG. 2, if we assume that a load needs to be lifted on the free (left) end (side 46), the upper two joints 10 are under tensile strain, whereas the lower two joints 10 are under compressive strain. All four elastic sheets (guiding and connecting parts 16) are pulled upon by the acting forces, leading to the desired correct operation of the combined mechanism 40.

[0074] As further indicated in FIG. 5, the first end 26 of the guiding and connecting part 16 is connected to an end 30 of the supporting part 12 and the second end 28 of the connecting part 16 is connected to an end 34 of the mobile part 14.

[0075] The guiding and connecting part 16 is arranged between the respective regions of convex shape 18, 20, with a first border 32′ of the region 20 of convex shape of the supporting part coinciding with the end 30 of the supporting part 12, and a second border 32 of the region 20 of convex shape of the supporting part 12 being arranged symmetrically about the apex of the region 20 of convex shape with respect to the first border 32′ such that the region 20 of convex shape extends between the first and second borders 32′, 32, with its apex lying at least substantially equidistantly between the first and second borders 32′, 32.

[0076] The same is true with respect to first and second borders 36′, 36 of the region 18 of convex shape of the mobile part 14, i.e. the end 34 of the mobile part coincides with the first border 36′ of the region 18 of convex shape of the mobile part 14.

[0077] In contrast to this in the joint 10 of FIG. 1, the second end 28 of the guiding and connecting part 16 is connected to the second border 32 of the region of convex shape 20 and the first end 26 of the guiding and connecting part 16 is connected to the mobile part 14 at the second border of the region 18 of convex shape of the guiding and connecting part 16.

[0078] The cylindrically bent surfaces 22, 24 of the upper and lower parts 14, 12 in contact with the elastic sheet 16 do not necessarily need to have a constant radius. A constant and identical radius for both surfaces 22, 24, however, is favorable since it leads to a constant maximum value for the elastic bending of the sheet 16 in both directions symmetric to its flat state.

[0079] The elastic sheet 16 wears due to internal friction and eventually crack formation leading to the rupture of the sheet 16. The sheet 16 should therefore preferably have smooth and rounded edges to hinder the nucleation of fatigue cracks at the edges. It should also vary only gradually, or not at all, in cross-section as cracks also tend to form at the points of largest cross-sectional change.

[0080] Most importantly, however, the radius of the cylindrical surfaces 22, 24 should be as large as possible for the given spatial constraints, and in relation to the sheet thickness. A larger radius leads to smaller bending, less internal friction, and thereby extends the lifetime of the mechanism. The cylindrical surfaces 22, 24 in contact with the elastic sheet 16 should also be as smooth as possible.

[0081] In this connection it should be noted that when reference is made to an elastic sheet 16, this means that the sheet 16 is more elastic in its bending properties than the respective supporting part 12 and mobile part 14.

[0082] In particular, the cylindrical surfaces 22, 24 should have as few as possible and preferably no localized protrusions or recesses that may cause uneven operation and might indent and damage the sheet 16.

[0083] In this connection it should further be noted that the guiding and connecting part 16 preferably has a bending elasticity which is at least twice the bending elasticity of the mobile part 14 and/or of the supporting part 12. However, the elasticity of the guiding and connecting part should not be so low, that this deforms when it contacts the mobile part 14 and the supporting part 12 respectively.

[0084] In this connection it should be noted that the guiding and connecting part 16, the mobile part 14 and the supporting part 12 are made from the same material, alternatively the guiding and connecting part 16 can be made from a different material as the mobile part 14 and the supporting part 12, it is also possible that all three of the guiding and connecting part 16, the mobile part 14 and the supporting part are each made from different materials, with each material being suited to its specific function. Since the guiding and connecting part 16 is required to have a bending elasticity it is favourable if this is made from a material typically employed for springs, such as spring metal.

[0085] The load limits of the joint 10 are given by the cross-section of the used elastic sheet 16 and the mechanical strength of the used elastic sheet 16. For a given strength, a lengthening of the sheet 16 normal to the image plane of the figures is preferred over using a thicker sheet, as the wear of the sheet 16 strongly increases with thickness for a given bend radius. The width of the sheet 16 also defines the ability of the mechanism 40 to provide lateral guidance, in the out-of-plane direction normal to the plane in which the movement takes place. The wider the sheet 16, the larger the lateral forces it can support. The width of the sheet 16 finds its limits in the available space, but also in the manufacturing tolerances of the parts, as deviations from the cylindrical shape of the surfaces 22, 24 in contact with the sheet 16 may strain the sheet 16, both locally and globally. One also has to take into account possible dynamical deformations of the upper and lower parts 12, 14 under heavy loads, leading to the same problem, however depending on the load during operation.

[0086] The guiding and connecting part 16, the mobile part 14 and the supporting part 12 shown in the foregoing are made from separate components that are connected to one another.

[0087] In the following an example of integrally formed joints 10 will be discussed in connection with FIGS. 8 to 11, i.e. joints 10 made from one piece from the same material will be shown in these Figs. FIGS. 8 and 10 show examples of integrally formed joints 10, whereas FIGS. 9 and 11 show different positions of the joints 10 shown in FIGS. 8 and 10 during their movement.

[0088] FIGS. 8 to 11 show the normal and inverted mechanisms with the surfaces removed at which the elastic sheet 16 is attached to the top and bottom parts 12, 14. This serves to illustrate and emphasize the fact that these connections are rigid, and therefore do not allow for mechanical play. The connection in these regions should be as uniform and as firm as possible, so that the in-plane strain in the sheet 16 due to the joint load is introduced evenly and uniformly into the sheet 16.

[0089] The drawings also suggest that one may fabricate the entire joint 10 from one single piece of material by cutting along the solid lines. While solving the problem of even attachment of the elastic sheet 16, this has also disadvantages. In particular, the cut surfaces between the sheet 16 and the upper and lower bent surfaces 22, 24 may not be smooth enough to allow for an evenly distributed pressure normal to the sheet 16, and facilitate the nucleation and propagation of cracks. In addition, the upper and lower parts 12, 14 of the joint 10 should be rigid, whereas the sheet 16 should be elastic. Cutting the parts 12, 14, 16 from the same material, this stiffness difference may be generated mostly by varying the relative thickness of the parts 12, 14, 16, which offers only a limited range of optimization. For ultra-small mechanisms 40 such as in micromechanics, however, this may be a way to go.

[0090] FIG. 12 shows a perspective view of the device 100, and FIG. 13 shows a side view of the device 100 of FIG. 12. The device 100 comprises a plurality of joints 10 forming a mechanism 40. The device 100 is configured to be moved in a vacuum.

[0091] The parallelogram mechanism 40 based on the joints 10 according to the invention is shown in FIG. 2. To stabilize the motion in the third dimension, the mechanism 40 extends uniformly in the dimension out of the drawing plane, preferentially by about the same amount as the vertical sizes. FIGS. 12 and 13 show an example implementation of such a mechanism 40 in the device 100.

[0092] The device 100 comprises an actuation mechanism 102, with the actuation mechanism 102 being attached at the side 42 of the mechanism 40 held fixed to a further component 50. Specifically some of the supporting parts 12 of the joints 10 of the mechanism 40 are connected to the actuation mechanism 102.

[0093] The actuation mechanism 102 comprises a push rod 104. The push rod 104 in use pushes the mechanism 40 to the left and the right in the drawing of FIG. 13, i.e. in the direction to and fro extending between the side 42 and the side 46.

[0094] The side 46 of the mechanism 40 is connected to a support 106 for linking the device 100 to an applicator 108 (see FIG. 14). The support is attached to the mechanism 40 at the side 46 of the mechanism 40 arranged in parallel to the side 42 connected to the push rod 104. More specifically the other ones of the supporting parts 12 of the joints 10 of the mechanism 40 are connected to the support 106. The movement of the support 106 is hence affected via the respective mobile parts 14 of the mechanism 40.

[0095] The support 106 shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 comprises a fork, other types of supports (not shown) can be formed by at least one of a bracket, a plate, a holder, a table and combinations of the foregoing.

[0096] Generally speaking the support 106 is configured to make contact to the applicator 108 in a direction perpendicular B to the direction A of movement, i.e. in a manner similar to a fork lift truck.

[0097] FIG. 14a to d show examples of different kinds of applicators 108. FIG. 14a shows a source holder 112 for a source 110. The support 106 is thus configured to move a source 110 from one position to another. FIG. 14b shows an applicator 108 in the form of an aperture 114, FIG. 14c shows an applicator 108 in the form of a beam dump 116, and FIG. 14d shows an applicator in the form of a deflector 118.

[0098] It should generally be noted that the guiding and connecting part 16 can have a thickness selected in the range of 0.02 82 m to 5 cm, in particular 1 to 100 μm. It should further generally be noted that a thickness of the mobile part 14 can be selected in the range of 0.04 μm to 100 cm, in particular in the range of 0.5 to 2 mm. It should further generally be noted that a thickness of the supporting part 12 can be selected in the range of 0.04 μm to 100 cm, in particular in the range of 0.5 to 2 mm.

[0099] The mobile part 14 may comprise, i.e. be made of, a material selected from the group of members consisting of metal, such as stainless steel, steel, aluminium, aluminium alloys, non-ferrous alloys, high temperature alloys, carbon steels, high carbon steels, steel alloys, aluminium bronze, nickel, nickel alloys, brass, oxygen-free copper, titanium, niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, plastic, such as, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polycarbonate (PO), polyoxymethylene (POM), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), vespel polyimide, glass, wood, ceramic material, silicon and combinations of the foregoing.

[0100] The supporting part 12 may comprise, i.e. be made of, a material selected from the group of members consisting of metal, such as stainless steel, steel, aluminium, aluminium alloys, non-ferrous alloys, high temperature alloys, carbon steels, high carbon steels, steel alloys, aluminium bronze, nickel, nickel alloys, brass, oxygen-free copper, titanium, niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, plastic, such as, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polycarbonate (PO), polyoxymethylene (POM), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), vespel polyimide, glass, wood, ceramic material, silicon and combinations of the foregoing.

[0101] The guiding and connecting part 16 may comprise, i.e. be made of, a material selected from the group of members consisting of stainless steel, steel, aluminium, aluminium alloys, non-ferrous alloys, high temperature alloys, carbon steels, high carbon steels, steel alloys, aluminium bronze, nickel, nickel alloys, brass, oxygen-free copper, titanium, niobium, molybdenum, tantalum, polyether ether ketone (PEEK), polycarbonate (PO), polyoxymethylene (POM), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), vespel polyimide, silicon and combinations of the foregoing.

[0102] The practical implementation of the mechanism 40 in a device 100 is shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. This device 100 serves to manipulate source and sample plates in a thermal laser epitaxy system by vertically lifting and lowering its front part. Actuation is performed by the push rod 104 acting on a lever which is part of the upper arm (i.e. side 48) of the parallelogram mechanism 40. The push rod 104 is a state of the art device that is operated by magnetic coupling through the vacuum boundary. Due to the limited space available, the push rod 104 pushes directly on the lever. The lever does not move along a straight line within the range of motions, leading to gliding friction at this point in this particular device 100. Space allowing, this gliding friction, however, could be also be avoided by the rod 104 pulling on the lever from the other side instead of pushing, and using another elastic sheet in between to accommodate for the small vertical offset during the movement. This makes the entire mechanism gliding friction free, and free of mechanical play.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0103] 10 joint [0104] 12 supporting part [0105] 14 mobile part [0106] 16 guiding and connecting part [0107] 18 region of convex shape [0108] 20 region of convex shape [0109] 22 surface [0110] 24 surface [0111] 26 first end of 16 [0112] 28 second end of 16 [0113] 30 end of 12 [0114] 32, 32′ second border of 20, first border of 20 [0115] 34 end of 14 [0116] 36, 36′ second border of 18, first border of 18 [0117] 40 mechanism [0118] 42 first side [0119] 44 second side [0120] 46 third side [0121] 48 fourth side [0122] 50 further component [0123] 52 edge [0124] 54 edge [0125] 56 edge [0126] 58 edge [0127] 100 device [0128] 102 actuation mechanism [0129] 104 push rod [0130] 106 support [0131] 108 applicator [0132] 110 source [0133] 112 source holder [0134] 114 aperture [0135] 116 beam dump [0136] 118 deflector [0137] A direction [0138] B direction perpendicular to A [0139] P plane containing axes