DENTAL PROPHY PASTE

Abstract

Dental polishing and cleaning paste for professional tooth cleaning, which contains 1 to 30 wt.-% water, 25 to 70 wt.-% at least one humectant, 25 to 60 wt.-% at least one abrasive and 0.05 to 2 wt.-% at least one surfactant, in each case relative to the total mass of the polishing and cleaning paste.

Claims

1. A dental polishing and cleaning paste, which comprises 1 to 30 wt.-% water, 25 to 70 wt.-% of at least one humectant, 25 to 60 wt.-% of at least one abrasive and 0.05 to 2 wt.-% of at least one surfactant, in each case relative to the total mass of the polishing and cleaning paste.

2. The polishing and cleaning paste according to claim 1, which comprises as the at least one abrasive 0 to 15 wt.-% kaolin and/or 0 to 50 wt.-% pumice powder and/or 0 to 30 wt.-% silica, in each case relative to the total mass of the polishing and cleaning paste, wherein the total quantity of the abrasive lies in the range named in claim 1.

3. The polishing and cleaning paste according to claim 2, in which the kaolin powder has an average particle size (D50) of from 1 to 20 μm, and/or a particle size (D90) of less than 30 μm.

4. The polishing and cleaning paste according to claim 2, in which the kaolin powder has an average particle size (D50) of from 3 to 10 μm and/or a particle size (D90) of less than 15 μm.

5. The polishing and cleaning paste according to claim 2, which comprises at least 10 wt.-% of kaolin, relative to the total quantity of abrasive.

6. The polishing and cleaning paste according to claim 5, which comprises 25 to 35 wt.-% of kaolin, relative to the total quantity of abrasive.

7. The polishing and cleaning paste according to claim 1, which comprises as the at least one abrasive a mixture of silica and kaolin powder and no further abrasives.

8. The polishing and cleaning paste according to claim 1, which additionally comprises 0.5 to 3 wt.-% of at least one fatty component, relative to the total mass of the polishing and cleaning paste.

9. The polishing and cleaning paste according to claim 1, which additionally comprises 1 to 1.3 wt.-% of at least one fatty component, relative to the total mass of the polishing and cleaning paste.

10. The polishing and cleaning paste according to claim 8, which comprises as the at least one fatty component a fatty alcohol with a chain length of from 12 to 22 carbon atoms.

11. The polishing and cleaning paste according to claim 10, which comprises as the at least one fatty component a fatty alcohol with a chain length of from 16 to 18 carbon atoms.

12. The polishing and cleaning paste according to claim 1, which additionally comprises 0.05 to 3 wt.-% of at least one metal oxide, relative to the total mass of the polishing and cleaning paste.

13. The polishing and cleaning paste according to claim 1, which additionally comprises 0.5 to 1.5 wt.-% of at least one metal oxide, relative to the total mass of the polishing and cleaning paste.

14. The polishing and cleaning paste according to claim 12, wherein the at least one metal oxide is selected from titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide and anatase.

15. The polishing and cleaning paste according to claim 1, which additionally comprises at least one additive, which is selected from fluoride sources, sweetening agents, flavoring agents and mixtures thereof.

16. The polishing and cleaning paste according to claim 1, which has a water activity of from 0.5 to 0.70, measured at a temperature of 25° C.

17. The polishing and cleaning paste according to claim 1, which has a water activity of from 0.55 to 0.65, measured at a temperature of 25° C.

18. The polishing and cleaning paste according to claim 1, which has a disc consistency of from 20 to 40 mm.

19. The polishing and cleaning paste according to claim 1, which has a disc consistency of from 28 to 35 mm.

20. The polishing and cleaning paste according to claim 1, which flows less than 10 mm, when 1.5±0.05 g of the sample brought to a temperature of 23±2° C. is distributed in a circle on a mixing block (circle diameter approx. 2 cm), the mixing block with the sample is then allowed to rest horizontally for 15±0.5 minutes at 23±2° C. and then positioned vertically and then, after 15±0.5 minutes, a number of mm the front of the paste has moved downwards is measured.

21. The polishing and cleaning paste according to claim 1, in which a quantity of the at least one humectant(s) is chosen such that the weight ratio of water to the total quantity of humectant(s) lies in the range of from 0.05 to 0.6.

22. The polishing and cleaning paste according to claim 1, which comprises 1 to 20 wt.-% water, 13 to 46 wt.-% glycerol, 0 to 25 wt.-% xylitol and/or sorbitol, 0 to 45 wt.-% kaolin, 0 to 40 wt.-% precipitated silica, 0.05 to 2 wt.-% of at least one cationic, anionic, and/or nonionic surfactant, 0.5 to 3 wt.-% cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol or a mixture thereof, and optionally 0.5 to 3.0 wt.-% Me.sup.IVO.sub.2, in each case relative to the total mass of the polishing and cleaning paste, wherein the total quantity of abrasives lies in the range of from 36 to 51 wt.-%.

23. The polishing and cleaning paste according to claim 1, wherein the at least one surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium lauryl sulfate, lauryl glucoside, sodium lauroyl sacrosinate, hexadecylpyridinium chloride, and dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride.

24. A process for cleaning and polishing of teeth comprising the following steps: (1) optionally removing calculus and/or plaque from the teeth, (2) applying a portion of the polishing paste according to claim 1 to a surface of the teeth, (3) polishing the teeth for 1-60 s per tooth, and (4) optionally rinsing the teeth with water to remove paste residues.

25. (canceled)

Description

[0111] The invention is explained in more detail below by means of figures and examples.

[0112] FIG. 1 shows the abrasiveness (cleaning power) of different prophy pastes. Paste R1-108 contains exclusively precipitated silica and paste R3-27 contains exclusively kaolin as abrasive. The remaining pastes contain mixtures of precipitated silica with kaolin with different particle sizes. It can be seen that the partial or complete replacement of the precipitated silica by kaolin increases the cleaning power of the pastes. The abrasiveness increases as the particle size of the kaolin used increases.

[0113] FIG. 2 shows the polished surface of a commercially available plastic filling material. The surface is smooth and has no visible scratches.

[0114] FIG. 3 shows the plastic filling material from FIG. 2 after the treatment with a conventional polishing paste. The paste left clear scratches on the surface.

[0115] FIG. 4 shows the plastic filling material from FIG. 2 after the treatment with a polishing paste according to the invention, which contains a mixture of kaolin and precipitated silica as abrasive. The plastic surface has no visible scratches.

[0116] FIG. 5 shows a scanning electron micrograph of a polished titanium surface. The surface is smooth and has no scratches.

[0117] FIGS. 6 to 9 show scanning electron micrographs of titanium surfaces according to FIG. 5, which have been treated with conventional polishing pastes (FIGS. 6 to 8) or a polishing paste according to the invention (FIG. 9). The paste according to the invention left no scratches on the titanium surface; the surfaces treated with conventional pastes have clearly visible scratches.

[0118] FIG. 10 shows conventional prophy pastes and those according to the invention after removal from their containers. The product Proxyt RDA 7 fine and the pastes R6-65 and R6-75 according to the invention have a plastic, pasty consistency. The remaining products have a crumbly consistency and had to be taken out of the single-dose packaging with a spatula.

EXAMPLES

Example 1

Preparation and Testing of Prophy Pastes

[0119] For the preparation of the pastes described in Table 1, most of the water and glycerol was placed in a mixing apparatus and the abrasives were suspended therein. The additives were then admixed. In a separate, heatable mixing apparatus, the fatty alcohol and the surfactant were mixed with the remaining portion of water and humectants and heated until the fatty alcohol melted completely. The mixing was continued until there was a homogeneous mixture. In the process, the fatty alcohol was emulsified in the polar phase by the surfactant. The mixture of the fatty alcohol was then added to the suspension from the first step and mixed under reduced pressure.

[0120] All formulations in Table 1 have a consistency and a flow behavior which is suitable for dental prophy pastes. Table 1 shows that pastes with a high water activity dry out quickly and then can no longer be used (R3-88). The water activity, disc consistency and flow properties were measured as described above. In the case of low water activity, the pastes behave hygroscopically and absorb water from the atmospheric humidity, which impairs their processing properties (R1-108, R3-89). In the case of pastes R1-108 and R3-89 the water absorption resulted in a liquid film forming on the surface of the material, which impairs the processing properties of the material. Pastes R3-52, R3-53, R3-27 only bleed a little, and in the case of pastes N1-152, R6-65, R6-75, R3-54, R3-80 and R6-73 the bleeding is further reduced again.

[0121] A comparison of pastes R3-89 and R3-54 shows that bleeding is particularly effectively prevented when the water activity lies above 0.5 and the paste contains a metal oxide.

TABLE-US-00001 Example [wt .-%] Ingredient/Property R1-108*) N1-152 R3-89*) R3-88*) R6-65 R6-75 R3-54 R3-52 R3-80 R3-53 R3-27 R6-73 R13-76 R13-79 R13-81 Solvent Water 12.20 14.20 0.23 57.31 15.98 12.91 14.20 14.20 14.20 14.20 14.20 14.90 15.98 15.98 15.98 Humectant Glycerol 45.22 43.09 57.08 0 39.09 31.28 43.11 43.11 43.09 43.11 43.11 36.19 39.09 39.09 39.09 Xylitol 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Sorbitol 0 0 0 0 2.1 1.75 0 0 0 0 0 2.1 2.1 2.1 2.1 Surfactant Na lauryl sulfate .sup.1) 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.2 0 0 0 Dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride .sup.17) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.14 0 0 Hexadecylpyridiniumchloride monohydrate .sup.19) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.14 0 Olaflur.sup.18) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.14 Fatty component Cetyl stearyl alcohol.sup.2) 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.27 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.06 1.27 1.27 1.27 1.27 Metal TiO.sub.2.sup.15) 0.05 1 1 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 0.15 1 1 1 1 oxide ZrO.sub.2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Abrasive Kaolin.sup.3) 0 12.sup.5) 12.sup.6) 12.sup.6) 12.sup.5) 0 12.sup.6) 12.sup.6) 12.sup.5) 12.sup.5) 40.sup.7) 0 12 12 12 Silica.sup.4) 40 27.15 27.15 27.15 27 0 27.15 28.15 26.15 28.15 0 23 27 27 27 Pumice stone powder 0 0 0 0 0 49.48 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 Additives NaF 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 Antifoaming agent 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Pigments 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.06 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 Flavouring 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.1 0.12 0.12 0.12 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Properties Consistency [mm].sup.8) 32 33 33 50 30 29 33 31 31 33 38 3' 28 30 29 Flow [mm] 0.0 0.0 6.1 >20 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.56 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 5 Water activity 0.48 0.56 0.13 0.97 0.60 0.6 0.56 0.56 0.56 −.sup.16) 0.51 0.60 0.592 0.593 0.588 Usability after drying.sup.9) yes yes yes no yes yes yes −.sup.16) −.sup.16) yes yes yes yes yes yes Bleeding at 40° C., 75%.sup.10),14) +++ + +++ 0.sup.12) + 0 0 ++ + ++ ++ 0 ++ ++ ++ Bleeding at 25° C., 60%.sup.11),14) +++ 0 +.sup.13) 0.sup.12) 0 0 −.sup.16) −.sup.16) −.sup.16) −.sup.16) −.sup.16) 0 0 0 0 *)Comparison example .sup.1) CAS No. 151-21-3 .sup.2)CAS No. 67762-27-0 .sup.3)CAS No. 1332-58-7 .sup.4)Precipitated silica, average particle size (D50) 5.5-9.5 μm, CAS No. 112926-00-8 .sup.5)D50~3.9 μm .sup.6)D50~6.6 μm .sup.7)D50~8.0 μm .sup.8)Disc consistency .sup.9)Storage for 2 weeks at 23 ± 2° C. and 10% RH (desiccator over lithium chloride) .sup.10)In the case of storage for 2 weeks at 40° C. and 75% RH (climate cabinet with temperature and humidity regulation); .sup.11)In the case of storage for 2 weeks at 25° C. and 60% RH (climate cabinet with temperature and humidity regulation); .sup.12)Paste dried out .sup.13)Paste became highly fluid .sup.14)+++ = paste bleeds strongly; ++ = little; + = very little, 0 = does not bleed .sup.15)Anatase; CAS No. 13463-67-7 .sup.16)Not measured .sup.17) CAS No. 112-00-5 .sup.18)2,2′-[[3-[(2-hydroxyethyl)octadecylamino]propyl]imino]bis-ethanol, dihydrofluoride .sup.19) CAS No. 6004-24-6

[0122] The water absorption and the water loss of the pastes were determined under extreme environmental conditions. For this, how much weight the pastes gained or lost in the case of dry storage at room temperature 23±2° C. (RT) at approx. 10% relative humidity (RH) or under tropical conditions (40° C., 75% RH) was quantified. The dry storage was carried out in a desiccator over lithium chloride. A digital humidity meter was placed in the desiccator, with the result that the drying out could be tracked. The samples were stored in the desiccator until an equilibrium moisture content of approx. 10% had been established. This was typically the case after 10 to 14 days. The storage under tropical conditions was effected in a climate cabinet with temperature and humidity regulation. The samples were stored under these conditions for approx. 2 weeks and, in this time, had reached a moisture content equilibrium with the environment. The measured values for two pastes are shown in Table 2 by way of example.

[0123] The prophy pastes named in Table 2 have a water activity of 0.56 and scarcely bleed even at a humidity of 75% RH. The differences in weight change found are negligible. Both pastes absorb approximately the same amount of moisture out of the environment and give off the same amount of moisture. Paste R3-54 is characterized in that, in comparison with paste R3-52, it does not bleed at all. This is to be attributed to the titanium dioxide content. Although the pastes became more solid when stored at room temperature (10% RH), they could still be picked up well with dental rubber cups and could be used without limitations. Even after storage at 40° C. (75% RH), the pastes remained smooth, could be picked up well in rubber cups and could be used without limitations.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Weight changes of the pastes from Table 1 when stored open under various environmental conditions Batch R3-52 R3-54 Weight loss at RT, approx. 10% RH 11.4 wt.-% 11.3 wt.-% Weight gain at 40° C., 75% RH 14.5 wt.-% 14.3 wt.-%

Example 2

Measurement of the Abrasiveness of Prophy Pastes

[0124] For the determination of the abrasiveness (cleaning power) of the pastes, cylinders made of pure copper (diameter of 25 mm) were polished with the pastes and the amount of material removed was measured. Pure copper is softer than dental plastic filling materials and usual dental alloys. The method allows the abrasiveness to be measured in the laboratory under reproducible conditions. A commercially available grinding and polishing machine was used (Buehler EcoMet250 with AutoMet250 grinding head). A polishing cloth with a diameter of 10 inches (25.4 cm) (TexMet C type; Buehler, Lake Bluff, IL, USA Art. 40-1110) was coated with a thin layer (approx. 15 g) of the prophy paste to be tested using a spatula. The copper cylinders were then polished for 5 minutes using the grinding machine without water cooling under the following conditions: [0125] Head speed: 30 rpm [0126] Base speed: 100 rpm [0127] Single grinding pressure: 20 N [0128] Climb/conventional grinding: Climb

[0129] Prophy pastes without (paste R1-108*) and with (pastes R3-53, R3-52 and R3-27) kaolin were compared. The pastes contained kaolin with different particle sizes. The abrasion on the copper test pieces was quantified by determining the weight difference before and after the polishing using an analytical balance. FIG. 1 shows the abrasiveness of the prophy pastes tested. It can be seen that partially or completely replacing the precipitated silica with kaolin increases the abrasiveness and thus the cleaning power of prophy pastes. The abrasiveness increases as the average particle size of the kaolin used increases.

Example 3

Determination of the Scratch Properties of Prophy Pastes on Plastic Filling Materials

[0130] The scratch behavior of a polishing paste according to the invention was compared with that of a product customary in the market. For this, a composite filling material (Tetric Prime of color A3; Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) was polymerized in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, then ground, and then polished with 4000 grit silicon carbide paper with water cooling. FIG. 2 shows the polished surface of the plastic filling material. A smooth surface without scratches is visible.

[0131] The smooth surface was then polished with a commercially available polishing paste (Nupro Fine, Dentsply Professional, York PA, USA, Article Number 801232, Lot: 00022171) for 10 s and with a 2 N grinding pressure at 3000 revolutions per minute using a dental rubber cup. The product left clear scratches on the surface (FIG. 3).

[0132] For comparison, the smooth surface of the composite filling material was treated with the paste R6-65 according to the invention in the manner described. FIG. 4 shows that the polishing paste according to the invention which contains a mixture of a precipitated silica and kaolin as abrasive did not lead to scratching of the plastic surface.

[0133] The results of Example 2 and Example 3 show that prophy pastes according to the invention have an abrasiveness and cleaning action that is advantageous for dental purposes, without scratching usual plastic filling materials. The kaolin-containing pastes were comparably gentle as precipitated silica but achieved a much better cleaning action, with the result that the cleaning procedure took up much less time.

Example 4

Scratch Properties of Prophy Pastes on Dental Titanium

[0134] Grade 5 titanium is used for the production of implant abutments. These parts can also be fitted in the oral cavity and must be cleaned. Since many metals, and in particular grade 5 titanium, are even more susceptible to scratching than dental plastic filling materials, a particularly gentle approach is required here in order not to damage the surface.

[0135] To compare the scratch properties of polishing pastes according to the invention and commercially available materials, grade V titanium was polished. For this, round titanium discs (19 mm diameter, 2.25 mm thickness) were embedded in GTS polystyrene casting resin. Then, the discs were wet-ground with 4000 grit silicon carbide paper and then polished to a high gloss with a polishing cloth (Chemomet Polishing Cloth Art. 40-7920, Buehler, LakeBuff, IL, USA) and a series of polishing agents (1. Buehler MasterPrep Polishing Suspension 0.05 μm, Art. 40-6377-032; 2. Buehler MasterMet Colloidal Silica Suspension, Art. 40-6370-006; 3. Buehler MasterMet 2 Non-crystallizing colloidal silica polishing suspension, Art. 40-6380-006). In each step, the discs were polished for 10 min at 100 rpm and with a grinding pressure of 20 N, and only 15 N in the last step. FIG. 5 shows a scanning electron micrograph of the polished surface. The surface is smooth and has no scratches.

[0136] The titanium surfaces were then polished with the pastes to be tested for 10 s and with 2 N grinding pressure using a dental rubber cup at 3000 revolutions per minute. The following materials were used: [0137] Nupro Fine (Dentsply Professional, York PA, USA, Article Number 801232, Lot: 00022171; FIG. 6) [0138] Cleanic (KerrHawe SA, Bioggo, Switzerland, Article Number 3140, Lot: 7251052; FIG. 7) [0139] Clinpro (3M Oral Care Solutions Division, St. Paul MN, USA, Article Number 12613, Lot: 091119A; FIG. 8)

[0140] FIGS. 6 to 8 show the surface of the titanium discs after the treatment. In all cases the products left clear scratches on the surface.

[0141] For comparison, the titanium surface was treated with the paste R6-65 according to the invention in the manner described. FIG. 9 shows that the polishing paste according to the invention did not leave any scratches at all on the titanium.

Example 5

Comparison of the Consistency of Pastes According to the Invention And Commercially Available Products

[0142] Most commercially available prophy pastes are sold in small individual packages and contain only a little water. They have a relatively hard consistency. Examples of this are the products Nupro (Dentsply Professional, York PA, USA), Clinpro (3M Oral Care Solutions Division, St. Paul MN, USA) and Cleanic (KerrHawe S A, Bioggo, Switzerland). The product Proxyt RDA 7 fine (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein) is supplied in tubes.

[0143] FIG. 10 shows the above-named products after removal from their containers. It can be seen that only Proxyt RDA 7 fine is a plastic pasty mass. The other products had to be taken out of the single-dose packaging with a spatula. They are difficult to pick up with rubber cups.

[0144] The prophy pastes R6-65 (Lot: YM1278) and R6-75 according to the invention are also shown for comparison. Like the product Proxyt RDA 7 fine, pastes R6-65 and R6-75 have a creamy-smooth consistency and can be stored both in tubes and in small single-dose packages. They can be easily dispensed from a tube.

[0145] The pastes were stored under various conditions (cf. Table 3). The properties of the paste R6-65 according to the invention scarcely changed. It remained homogeneous and plastic over a large humidity range (from 10% RH to 75% RH) and can therefore also be kept in individual packages without problems. Even in the opened package it stays creamy-smooth over a longer period.

[0146] The product Proxyt RDA 7 fine was also pasty at the start, but dried out relatively quickly. The remaining pastes retained their crumbly consistency and were comparatively difficult to process.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Properties of prophy pastes according to the invention compared with market products Proxyt RDA 7 Property R6-65 R6-75 fine.sup.1) Nupro.sup.2) Clinpro.sup.3) Cleanic.sup.4) Disc 30 29 32 Not Not Not consistency measur- measur- measur- (mm) able able able Flow (mm) 0.0 0.0 4.0 Not Not Not measur- measur- measur- able able able Consistency in Creamy- Creamy- Pasty Solid Solid Solid packaging smooth smooth Behavior when Soft Soft Tough Crumbly Crumbly Crumbly dispensed plastic plastic plastic Stored open Smooth Smooth Dried —.sup.5) —.sup.5) —.sup.5) at 23° C., out 10% RH Stored open Creamy- Creamy- Dried —.sup.5) —.sup.5) —.sup.5) at 25° C., smooth smooth out 60% RH Stored open Creamy- Creamy- Pasty —.sup.5) —.sup.5) —.sup.5) at 40° C., smooth smooth 75% RH .sup.1)Proxyt RDA 7—fine (Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein, Article Number 579866, Lot: Y51058) .sup.2)Nupro (Dentsply Professional, York PA, USA, Article Number 801232, Lot: 00022171) .sup.3)Clinpro (3M Oral Care Solutions Division, St. Paul MN, USA, Article Number 12613, Lot: 091119A) .sup.4)Cleanic (KerrHawe SA, Bioggo, Switzerland, Article Number 3140, Lot: 7251052) .sup.5)Not measured