Liquid-crystal medium

Abstract

The present invention relates to an LC medium comprising and a liquid-crystalline host consisting of an LC component H) comprising one or more mesogenic or liquid-crystalline compounds and an optically active component D) and optionally a polymerizable component P) comprising one or more polymerizable compounds; and to the use of the polymerizable compounds and LC media for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in LC displays, especially in LC displays of the polymer sustained alignment type.

Claims

1. A liquid crystal display comprising: two substrates, at least one which is transparent to light; an electrode provided on each substrate or two electrodes provided on only one of the substrates; and located between the substrates a layer of a liquid-crystal medium; the liquid-crystal medium comprising: a liquid-crystalline host containing a liquid crystal component, and an optically active component, wherein the liquid crystal component comprises one or more compounds of formula CPY-n-Om, one or more compounds of formula PY-n-Om and one or more compounds of formula PYP-n-m in a total concentration in the range of from 45 to 70%: ##STR00514## wherein m and n are each, independently of each other, an integer from 1 to 12, wherein the liquid crystal medium has negative dielectric anisotropy and the molecules in the layer of the liquid crystal medium in the switched-off state are aligned perpendicular to the electrode surfaces or have a tilted homeotropic alignment, the liquid-crystalline host has a chiral pitch, p, in the range of from 8 to 30 μm, the liquid crystal component has a birefringence Δn in the range of from 0.110 to 0.150; wherein the display has a cell gap and the thickness, d, of the cell gap is in the range of from 3 μm to 5 μm; and wherein the ratio d/p between the thickness of the cell gap d and the chiral pitch p is 0.1 to 1.

2. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the optically active component comprises one or more compounds selected from the formulae ##STR00515## in which R.sup.a11, R.sup.a12 and R.sup.b12, independently of one another, denote alkyl having 1 to 15 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may each be replaced, independently of one another, by —C(R.sup.z)═C(R.sup.z)—, —C≡C—, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO— or —O—CO—O— in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I or CN, with the proviso that R.sup.a12 is different from R.sup.b12, R.sup.a21 and R.sup.a22, independently of one another, denote alkyl having 1 to 15 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may each be replaced, independently of one another, by —C(R.sup.z)═C(R.sup.z)—, —C≡C—, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO— or —O—CO—O— in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I or CN, R.sup.a31, R.sup.a31 and R.sup.b32, independently of one another, denote straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 15 C atoms or branched alkyl having 3 to 15 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may each be replaced, independently of one another, by —C(R.sup.z)═C(R.sup.z)—, —C≡C—, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO— or —O—CO—O— in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I or CN, with the proviso that R.sup.a32 is different from R.sup.b32, R.sup.z denotes H, CH.sub.3, F, Cl, or CN, R.sup.8 denotes alkyl having 1 to 15 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may each be replaced, independently of one another, by —C(R.sup.z)═C(R.sup.z)—, —C≡C—, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO— or —O—CO—O— in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F, Cl, Br, I or CN, Z.sup.8 denotes —C(O)O—, —CH.sub.2O—, —CF.sub.2O— or a single bond, A.sup.11 is defined as A.sup.12 below, or alternatively denotes ##STR00516## A.sup.12 denotes ##STR00517## L.sup.11 denotes F, Cl, —CN, P-Sp-, or straight chain alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, branched alkyl having 3 to 25 C atoms, or cyclic alkyl having 3 to 25 C atoms, wherein in said alkyl groups one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2— groups are each optionally replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, or —O—CO—O— in such a manner that O- and/or S-atoms are not directly connected with each other, and wherein one or more H atoms are each optionally replaced by P-Sp-, F or Cl, A.sup.21 denotes ##STR00518## A.sup.22 has one of the meanings given for A.sup.12 A.sup.31 has one of the meanings given for A.sup.11, alternatively denotes ##STR00519## A.sup.32 has one of the meanings given for A.sup.12, n2 on each occurrence, identically or differently, is 0, 1 or 2, and n3 is 1, 2 or 3.

3. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the liquid-crystalline host further comprises one or more compounds of the formulae ##STR00520## in which R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 each, independently of one another, denote alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, where one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may each be replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —OCO— or —COO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, L denotes F, b denotes 0 or 1, and r denotes 1, 2 or 3.

4. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the liquid-crystalline host additionally comprises one or more compounds of the following formulae: ##STR00521## in which alkyl and alkyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkyl radical having 1-6 C atoms, and alkenyl and alkenyl* each, independently of one another, denote a straight-chain alkenyl radical having 2-6 C atoms.

5. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the liquid-crystalline host additionally comprises one or more compounds of the following formula: ##STR00522## in which R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each, independently of one another, denote alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, where, in addition, one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may each be replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —OCO— or —COO— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, ##STR00523## each, independently of one another, denote ##STR00524## in which L.sup.5 denotes F or Cl, and L.sup.6 denotes F, Cl, OCF.sub.3, CF.sub.3, CH.sub.3, CH.sub.2F or CHF.sub.2.

6. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the liquid-crystalline host further comprises one or more compounds of the following formula: ##STR00525## in which the individual radicals have the following meanings: ##STR00526## R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each, independently of one another, denote alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may each be replaced by —O—, —CH═CH—, —CO—, —O—CO— or —CO—O— in such a way that O atoms are not linked directly to one another, and Z.sup.y denotes —CH.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH═CH—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2O—, —OCH.sub.2—, —COO—, —OCO—, —C.sub.2F.sub.4—, —CF═CF— or a single bond.

7. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal medium additionally comprises one or more self-alignment additives of formula SA
MES-R.sup.A  SA in which MES denotes a mesogenic group comprising one or more rings, and optionally one or more polymerizable groups, and R.sup.A is a polar anchor group.

8. The liquid crystal display according to claim 7, wherein the one or more self-alignment additives of formula SA are selected from the compounds of formula SAa
R.sup.1-[A.sup.2-Z.sup.2].sub.m-A.sup.1-R.sup.a  SAa in which A.sup.1, A.sup.2 each, independently of one another, denote an aromatic, hetero-aromatic, alicyclic or heterocyclic group, which may also contain fused rings, and which may also be mono- or polysubstituted by any of groups L and -Sp-P, L in each case, independently of one another, denotes H, F, Cl, Br, I, —CN, —NO.sub.2, —NCO, —NCS, —OCN, —SCN, —C(═O)N(R.sup.0).sub.2, —C(═O)R.sup.0, optionally substituted silyl, optionally substituted aryl or cycloalkyl having 3 to 20 C atoms, or straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, branched alkyl having 3 to 25 C atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 25 C atoms, branched alkoxy having 3 to 25 C atoms, alkylcarbonyl having 2 to 25 C atoms, branched alkylcarbonyl having 4 to 25 atoms, alkoxycarbonyl having 2 to 25 C atoms, branched alkoxycarbonyl having 4 to 25 C atoms, alkyl-carbonyloxy having 2 to 25 C atoms, branched alkylcarbonyloxy having 4 to 25 C atoms, alkoxycarbonyloxy having 2 to 25 C atoms, or branched alkoxycarbonyloxy having 4 to 25 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F or Cl, P denotes a polymerizable group, Sp denotes a spacer group or a single bond, Z.sup.2 in each case, independently of one another, denotes a single bond, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —OCO—, —O—CO—O—, —OCH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2O—, —SCH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2S—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —CF.sub.2S—, —SCF.sub.2—, —(CH.sub.2).sub.n1—, —CF.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2CF.sub.2—, —(CF.sub.2).sub.n1—, —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, —C≡C—, —CH═CH—COO—, —OCO—CH═CH—, —(CR.sup.0R.sup.00).sub.n1—, —CH(-Sp-P)—, —CH.sub.2CH(-Sp-P)—, —CH(-Sp-P)CH(-Sp-P)—, n1 denotes 1, 2, 3 or 4, m denotes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, R.sup.0 in each case, independently of one another, denotes alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, R.sup.00 in each case, independently of one another, denotes H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, R.sup.1 independently of one another, denotes H, halogen, or straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms or, branched alkyl having 3 to 25 C atoms, or cyclic alkyl having 3 to 25 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may each be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, or —O—CO—O— in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F or Cl, or a group -Sp-P, and R.sup.a denotes a polar anchor group having at least one group selected from —OH, —NH.sub.2, NHR.sup.11, —SH, C(O)OH and —CHO, in which R.sup.11 denotes alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms.

9. The liquid crystal display according to claim 7, wherein the polar anchor group R.sup.a or R.sup.A of the self-alignment additive is of the formulae ##STR00527## in which p denotes 1 or 2, q denotes 2 or 3, ##STR00528##  denotes a substituted or unsubstituted ring system or condensed ring system, Y, on each occurrence, identically or differently, denotes —O—, —S—, —C(O)—, —C(O)O—, —OC(O)—, —NR.sup.11— or a single bond, denotes 0 or 1, X.sup.1, on each occurrence, identically or differently, denotes H, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, OH, NH.sub.2, NHR.sup.11, NR.sup.11.sub.2, —SH, OR.sup.11, C(O)OH, —CHO, where at least one group X.sup.1 denotes a radical selected from —OH, —NH.sub.2, NHR.sup.11, —SH, C(O)OH and —CHO, R.sup.11 denotes alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, Sp.sup.a, Sp.sup.c, Sp.sup.d each, independently of one another, denote a spacer group or a single bond, and Sp.sup.b denotes a tri- or tetravalent group.

10. The liquid crystal display according to claim 1, wherein the liquid crystal medium additionally comprises a polymerizable component comprising one or more polymerizable compounds.

11. The liquid crystal display according to claim 10, wherein the one or more polymerizable compounds are of formula R
P-Sp-A.sup.1-(Z.sup.1-A.sup.2).sub.z-R  R in which the individual radicals, independently of each other and on each occurrence identically or differently, have the following meanings: P a polymerizable group, Sp a spacer group or a single bond, A.sup.1, A.sup.2 an aromatic, heteroaromatic, alicyclic or heterocyclic group which may also contain fused rings, and which is unsubstituted, or mono- or polysubstituted by L, Z.sup.1 —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —O—CO—O—, —OCH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2O—, —SCH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2S—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2—, —CF.sub.2S—, —SCF.sub.2—, —(CH.sub.2).sub.n1—, —CF.sub.2CH.sub.2—, —CH.sub.2CF.sub.2—, —(CF.sub.2).sub.n1—, —CH═CH—, —CF═CF—, —CH═CF—, —CF═CH—, —C≡C—, —CH═CH—CO—O—, —O—CO—CH═CH—, —CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—CO—O—, —O—CO—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.2—, —CR.sup.0R.sup.00—, or a single bond, R.sup.0,R.sup.00 H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, R H, L, or P-Sp-, L F, Cl, —CN, P-Sp-, or straight chain alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms, branched alkyl having 3 to 25 C atoms, or cyclic alkyl having 3 to 25 C atoms, wherein one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2-groups are each optionally replaced by —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, or —O—CO—O— in such a manner that O- and/or S-atoms are not directly connected with each other, and wherein one or more H atoms are each optionally replaced by P-Sp-, F or Cl, z 0, 1, 2 or 3, and n1 1, 2, 3 or 4.

12. The liquid crystal display according to claim 10, where the one or more polymerizable compounds are of formulae M1 to M31: ##STR00529## ##STR00530## ##STR00531## ##STR00532## ##STR00533## in which P.sup.1, P.sup.2 and P.sup.3 each, independently of one another, denote an acrylate or methacrylate group, Sp.sup.1, Sp.sup.2 and Sp.sup.3 each, independently of one another, denote a single bond or a spacer group having one of the meanings indicated above and below for Sp, where, in addition, one or more of the radicals P.sup.1-Sp.sup.1-, P.sup.1-Sp.sup.2- and P.sup.3-Sp.sup.3- may denote R.sup.aa, with the proviso that at least one of the radicals P.sup.1-Sp.sup.1-, P.sup.2-Sp.sup.2 and P.sup.3-Sp.sup.3- present is different from R.sup.aa, R.sup.aa denotes H, F, Cl, CN, or straight-chain alkyl having 1 to 25 C atoms or branched alkyl having 3 to 25 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may each be replaced, independently of one another, by C(R.sup.0)═C(R.sup.00)—, —C≡C—, —N(R.sup.0)—, —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, or —O—CO—O— in such a way that O and/or S atoms are not linked directly to one another, and in which, in addition, one or more H atoms may each be replaced by F, Cl, CN or R.sup.0, R.sup.00 each, independently of one another and identically or differently on each occurrence, denote H or alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, R.sup.y and R.sup.z each, independently of one another, denote H, F, CH.sub.3 or CF.sub.3, X.sup.1, X.sup.2 and X.sup.3 each, independently of one another, denote —CO—O—, —O—CO— or a single bond, Z.sup.1 denotes —O—, —CO—, —C(R.sup.yR.sup.z)— or —CF.sub.2CF.sub.2—, Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.3 each, independently of one another, denote —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH.sub.2O—, —OCH.sub.2—, —CF.sub.2O—, —OCF.sub.2— or —(CH.sub.2).sub.n—, where n is 2, 3 or 4, L on each occurrence, identically or differently, denotes F, Cl, CN, or straight-chain, optionally mono- or polyfluorinated alkyl having 1 to 12 C atoms, branched alkyl having 3 to 12 C atoms, alkoxy having 1 to 12 C atoms, branched alkoxy having 3 to 12 C atoms, alkenyl having 2 to 12 C atoms, branched alkenyl having 3 to 12 C atoms, alkynyl having 2 to 12 C atoms, branched alkynyl having 4 to 12 C atoms, alkylcarbonyl having 2 to 12 C atoms, branched alkylcarbonyl having 4 to 12 C atoms, alkoxycarbonyl having 2 to 12 C atoms, branched alkoxycarbonyl having 4 to 12 C atoms alkylcarbonyloxy having 2 to 12 C atoms, branched alkylcarbonyloxy having 4 to 12 C atoms, alkoxycarbonyloxy having 2 to 12 C atoms, or branched alkoxycarbonyloxy having 4 to 12 C atoms, L′ and L″ each, independently of one another, denote H, F or Cl, r denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, s denotes 0, 1, 2 or 3, t denotes 0, 1 or 2, and x denotes 0 or 1.

13. The liquid crystal display according to claim 10, wherein the polymerizable compounds are polymerized.

14. The liquid crystal display of claim 1, wherein the display is a VA display.

15. The liquid crystal display according to claim 7, wherein the display is a SA-VA display.

16. The liquid crystal display according to claim 10, wherein the display is a PS-VA or a polymer stabilized SA-VA display.

17. A process for the production of a liquid crystal display according to claim 13, comprising: providing the liquid crystal medium between the substrates of the display, and polymerizing the polymerizable compounds.

18. The liquid crystal display of claim 1, wherein the display is a VA display, a PS-VA display, an SA-VA display, or a polymer stabilized SA-VA display.

Description

EXAMPLES

(1) The following examples explain the present invention without restricting it. However, they show the person skilled in the art preferred mixture concepts with compounds preferably to be employed and the respective concentrations thereof and combinations thereof with one another. In addition, the examples illustrate which properties and property combinations are accessible.

(2) In addition, the following abbreviations and symbols are used: V.sub.D threshold voltage, capacitive [V] at 20° C., n.sub.e extraordinary refractive index at 20° C. and 589 nm, n.sub.o ordinary refractive index at 20° C. and 589 nm, An optical anisotropy at 20° C. and 589 nm, ε.sub.⊥ dielectric permittivity perpendicular to the director at 20° C. and 1 kHz, ε.sub.∥ dielectric permittivity parallel to the director at 20° C. and 1 kHz, Δε dielectric anisotropy at 20° C. and 1 kHz, cl.p., T(N,I) clearing point [° C.], Y.sub.1 rotational viscosity at 20° C. [mPa.Math.s], K.sub.1 elastic constant, “splay” deformation at 20° C. [pN], K.sub.2 elastic constant, “twist” deformation at 20° C. [pN], K.sub.3 elastic constant, “bend” deformation at 20° C. [pN].

(3) Unless explicitly noted otherwise, all concentrations in the present application are quoted in percent by weight and relate to the corresponding mixture as a whole, comprising all solid or liquid-crystalline components, without solvents.

(4) Unless explicitly noted otherwise, all temperature values indicated in the present application, such as, for example, for the melting point T(C,N), the transition from the smectic (S) to the nematic (N) phase T(S,N) and the clearing point T(N,I), are quoted in degrees Celsius (° C.). M.p. denotes melting point, cl.p.=clearing point. Furthermore, C=crystalline state, N=nematic phase, S=smectic phase and I=isotropic phase. The data between these symbols represent the transition temperatures.

(5) All physical properties are and have been determined in accordance with “Merck Liquid Crystals, Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals”, Status November 1997, Merck KGaA, Germany, and apply for a temperature of 20° C., and Δn is determined at 589 nm and Δε at 1 kHz, unless explicitly indicated otherwise in each case.

(6) The term “threshold voltage” for the present invention relates to the capacitive threshold (V.sub.0), also known as the Freedericks threshold, unless explicitly indicated otherwise. In the examples, the optical threshold may also, as generally usual, be quoted for 10% relative contrast (V.sub.10).

(7) Unless stated otherwise, the process of polymerizing the polymerizable compounds in the PSA displays as described above and below is carried out at a temperature where the LC medium exhibits a liquid crystal phase, preferably a nematic phase, and most preferably is carried out at room temperature.

(8) Unless stated otherwise, methods of preparing test cells and measuring their electrooptical and other properties are carried out by the methods as described hereinafter or in analogy thereto.

(9) The display used for measurement of the capacitive threshold voltage consists of two plane-parallel glass outer plates at a separation of 25 m, each of which has on the inside an electrode layer and an unrubbed polyimide alignment layer on top, which effect a homeotropic edge alignment of the liquid-crystal molecules.

(10) The display or test cell used for measurement of the tilt angles consists of two plane-parallel glass outer plates at a separation of 4 m, each of which has on the inside an electrode layer and a polyimide alignment layer on top, where the two polyimide layers are rubbed antiparallel to one another and effect a homeotropic edge alignment of the liquid-crystal molecules.

(11) The polymerizable compounds are polymerized in the display or test cell by irradiation with UV light of defined intensity for a prespecified time, with a voltage simultaneously being applied to the display (usually 10 V to 30 V alternating current, 1 kHz). In the examples, unless indicated otherwise, a fluorescent lamp and an intensity of 0 to 20 mW/cm.sup.2 is used for polymerization. The intensity is measured using a standard meter (Ushio Accumulate UV meter with central wavelength of 313 nm).

(12) The transmission measurements are performed in test cells with fishbone electrode layout (from Merck Ltd., Japan; 1 pixel fishbone electrode (ITO, 10×10 mm, 47.7° angle of fishbone with 3 μm line/3 μm space), 3.2 μm cell gap, AF-glass, tilt angle 1°).

Mixture Examples

(13) The nematic LC host mixtures N1 to N14 are formulated as follows:

(14) Mixture N1

(15) TABLE-US-00005 BCH-32 11.0% T.sub.(N,I) .Math. [° C.]: 75.2 CC-3-V 15.0% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1263 CC-3-V1  9.0% n.sub.e (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.6201 CC-4-V  9.0% n.sub.o (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.4938 CCY-3-O2  7.0% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −2.7 CPY-2-O2 10.0% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.5 CPY-3-O2 10.0% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.2 PP-1-2V1  4.0% K.sub.1 [pN], (20° C.): 14.6 PY-3-O2 11.0% K.sub.3 [pN], (20° C.): 14.4 PY-4-O2 11.0% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s], (20° C.): 98 PYP-2-4  3.0% V.sub.0 [V], (20° C.): 2.44
Mixture N2

(16) TABLE-US-00006 BCH-32  2.0% T.sub.(N,I) .Math. [° C.]: 79.9 CC-3-V 25.0% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1346 CC-3-V1  5.0% n.sub.e (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.6288 CCY-3-O1 10.0% n.sub.o (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.4942 CCY-3-O2 10.0% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −2.5 CPY-2-O2 11.0% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.4 PP-1-2V1 11.0% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 5.9 PY-3-O2 10.0% K.sub.1 [pN], (20° C.): 15.2 PYP-2-3  8.0% K.sub.3 [pN], (20° C.): 15.4 PYP-2-4  8.0% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s], (20° C.): 105 V.sub.0 [V], (20° C.): 2.63
Mixture N3

(17) TABLE-US-00007 CC-3-V 28.0% T.sub.(N,I) .Math. [° C.]: 74.0 CCY-3-O1  2.0% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1345 CCY-3-O2 10.0% n.sub.e (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.6288 CLY-3-O2  8.5% n.sub.o (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.4943 CPY-3-O2  7.5% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −2.9 CY-3-O2  2.5% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.5 PP-1-2V1  9.0% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.4 PY-3-O2  4.5% K.sub.1 [pN], (20° C.): 14.0 PY-4-O2 10.0% K.sub.3 [pN], (20° C.): 14.8 PYP-2-3  9.0% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s], (20° C.): 102 PYP-2-4  9.0% V.sub.0 [V], (20° C.): 2.41
Mixture N4

(18) TABLE-US-00008 CC-3-V 28.0% T.sub.(N,I) .Math. [° C.]: 74.0 CCY-3-O2  6.5% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1347 CLY-3-O2  8.5% n.sub.e (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.6287 CPY-2-O2  5.0% n.sub.o (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.4940 CPY-3-O2 10.0% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −3.2 CY-3-O2  4.5% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.6 PP-1 -2V1  6.0% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.8 PY-3-O2  4.5% K.sub.1 [pN], (20° C.): 13.8 PY-4-O2 10.0% K.sub.3 [pN], (20° C.): 14.5 PYP-2-3  9.0% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s], (20° C.): 108 PYP-2-4  8.0% V.sub.0 [V], (20° C.): 2.26
Mixture N5

(19) TABLE-US-00009 BCH-52  5.0% T.sub.(N,I) .Math. [° C.]: 74.0 CCH-13 17.0% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1355 CCH-34  6.5% n.sub.e (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.6288 CCH-35  6.0% n.sub.o (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.4933 CCY-3-O2  7.0% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −3.1 CPY-2-O2 10.0% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.6 CPY-3-O2 10.0% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.6 PY-1-O4  8.0% K.sub.1 [pN], (20° C.): 14.1 PY-3-O2 11.0% K.sub.3 [pN], (20° C.): 13.8 PYP-2-3 10.0% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s], (20° C.): 129 PYP-2-4  9.5% V.sub.0 [V], (20° C.): 2.24
Mixture N6

(20) TABLE-US-00010 BCH-52  5.0% T.sub.(N,I) .Math. [° C.]: 74.2 CCH-13 17.0% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1349 CCH-34  7.0% n.sub.e (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.6290 CCH-35  5.0% n.sub.o (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.4941 CCP-3-1  6.5% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −2.7 CPY-2-O2 11.0% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.5 CPY-3-O2 11.0% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.2 PY-1-O4  7.5% K.sub.1 [pN], (20° C.): 14.2 PY-3-O2 12.0% K.sub.3 [pN], (20° C.): 13.8 PYP-2-3  9.0% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s], (20° C.): 119 PYP-2-4  9.0% V.sub.0 [V], (20° C.): 2.40
Mixture N7

(21) TABLE-US-00011 CCH-3O1 16.0% T.sub.(N,I) .Math. [° C.]: 74.0 CCH-34  7.0% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1354 CCH-35  7.0% n.sub.e (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.6295 CCP-3-1  8.0% n.sub.o (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.4941 CCY-3-O2  3.0% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −3.1 CPY-2-O2 10.0% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.8 CPY-3-O2  9.0% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.8 PP-1-2V1  1.0% K.sub.1 [pN], (20° C.): 13.6 PY-1-O2 12.0% K.sub.3 [pN], (20° C.): 13.9 PY-3-O2  7.5% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s], (20° C.): 128 PYP-2-3 10.0% V.sub.0 [V], (20° C.): 2.25 PYP-2-4  9.5%
Mixture N8

(22) TABLE-US-00012 B(S)-2O-O4  5.0% T.sub.(N,I) .Math. [° C.]: 74.3 B(S)-2O-O5  5.0% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1357 CC-3-V 24.5% n.sub.e (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.6305 CC-3-V1  8.0% n.sub.o (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.4948 CCP-3-1 13.0% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −3.1 CPY-3-O2 11.0% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.7 PP-1-2V1  3.0% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.8 PY-1-O2 12.0% K.sub.1 [pN], (20° C.): 15.0 PY-3-O2  5.5% K.sub.3 [pN], (20° C.): 15.9 PYP-2-3 10.0% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s], (20° C.): 93 PYP-2-4  3.0% V.sub.0 [V], (20° C.): 2.39
Mixture N9

(23) TABLE-US-00013 BCH-32  6.0% T.sub.(N,I) .Math. [° C.]: 74.3 CC-3-V1  8.0% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1352 CCH-35  9.0% n.sub.e (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.6285 CCP-3-1 13.0% n.sub.o (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.4933 CCY-3-O1  5.0% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −3.1 CCY-3-O2  8.0% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.6 CY-3-O2 11.5% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.7 PP-1-2V1  8.0% K.sub.1 [pN], (20° C.): 15.8 PY-1-O2 12.0% K.sub.3 [pN], (20° C.): 18.2 PY-3-O2  9.5% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s], (20° C.): 124 PYP-2-3 10.0% V.sub.0 [V], (20° C.): 2.55
Mixture N10

(24) TABLE-US-00014 CC-3-O1 12.0% T.sub.(N,I) .Math. [° C.]: 85.3 CCH-34  8.0% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1140 CCPC-34  2.0% Δϵ (1 kHz, 20° C.): −4.0 CCY-3-O2  2.0% CCY-3-O3  8.0% CCY-4-O2  8.0% CPY-2-O2 10.0% CPY-3-O2 10.0% CY-5-O4 28.0% PGP-2-3  6.0% PGP-2-4  6.0%
Mixture N11

(25) TABLE-US-00015 CC-3-V 29.5% T.sub.(N,I) .Math. [° C.]: 80.4 CCPC-33  3.5% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1060 CLY-2-O4  5.0% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −3.6 CLY-3-O2  5.0% CLY-3-O3  5.0% CPY-2-O2 10.0% CPY-3-O2 11.0% CY-3-O4 25.0% PGP-2-4  6.0%
Mixture N12

(26) TABLE-US-00016 CY-3-O4 15.0% T.sub.(N,I) .Math. [° C.]: 86.6 CY-5-O2  8.0% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1022 CY-5-O4  6.0% n.sub.e (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.5852 CCY-3-O2  6.0% n.sub.o (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.4830 CCY-3-O3  7.0% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −4.0 CCY-4-O2  6.0% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.6 CCY-2-1  9.0% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 7.6 CCY-3-1  9.0% K.sub.1 [pN], (20° C.): 15.1 BCH-32  8.0% K.sub.3 [pN], (20° C.): 14.6 PCH-53  7.0% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s], (20° C.): 210 CCH-34  7.0% V.sub.0 [V], (20° C.): 2.01 CPY-2-O2  5.0% CPY-3-O2  5.0% CPPC-3-3  2.0%
Mixture N13

(27) TABLE-US-00017 CBC-33  2.0% T.sub.(N,I) .Math. [° C.]: 89.8 CCH-3O1 11.5% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1208 CCH-34  5.0% n.sub.e (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.6065 CCY-3-O2  8.0% n.sub.o (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.4857 CCY-3-O3  8.0% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −4.9 CCY-4-O2  8.0% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.9 CPY-2-O2 10.0% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 8.8 CPY-3-O2 10.0% K.sub.1 [pN], (20° C.): 14.8 CY-3-O4 24.0% K.sub.3 [pN], (20° C.): 14.9 PYP-2-3  8.0% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s], (20° C.): 245 PYP-2-4  5.5% V.sub.0 [V], (20° C.): 1.84
Mixture N14

(28) TABLE-US-00018 B(S)-2O-O4  5.0% T.sub.(N,I) .Math. [° C.]: 73.4 B(S)-2O-O5  5.0% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.1358 CC-3-V 24.5% n.sub.e (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.6309 CC-3-V1  8.0% n.sub.o (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.4951 CCP-3-1 13.0% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −3.0 CP(1Y)-3-O2 11.0% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.8 PP-1-2V1  3.0% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.8 PY-1-O2 12.0% K.sub.1 [pN], (20° C.): 15.1 PY-3-O2  5.5% K.sub.3 [pN], (20° C.): 15.9 PYP-2-3 10.0% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s], (20° C.): 95 PYP-2-4  3.0% V.sub.0 [V], (20° C.): 2.41

(29) Comparative Mixture Example C1 is prepared as follows:

(30) Mixture C1

(31) TABLE-US-00019 CC-3-V1  8.00% T.sub.(N,I) .Math. [° C.]: 74.6 CCH-23 15.00% Δn (589 nm, 20° C.): 0.0899 CCH-34  5.00% n.sub.e (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.5694 CCH-35  6.00% n.sub.o (20° C., 589.3 nm]: 1.4795 CCP-3-1  3.00% Δε (1 kHz, 20° C.): −3.3 CCY-3-O1  8.00% ε.sub.∥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 3.5 CCY-3-O2 10.00% ε.sub.⊥ (1 kHz, 20° C.): 6.8 CCY-3-O3  6.00% K.sub.1 [pN], (20° C.): 13.9 CCY-4-O2  6.00% K.sub.3 [pN], (20° C.): 14.6 CY-3-O2 12.00% γ.sub.1 [mPa .Math. s], 20° C.): 114 CY-3-O4  3.75% V.sub.0 [V], (20° C.): 2.23 PCH-3O1  3.00% PY-3-O2  2.75% PY-4-O2  6.50% PYP-2-3  5.00%
Comparative Mixture Example C2

(32) Comparative mixture C2 consists of 99.7% of mixture C1 and 0.3% of RM3.

(33) Chiral Nematic Mixtures

(34) The Chiral Nematic Mixtures of Table 1 are prepared from the nematic host mixtures N1 to N14 above, by adding the chiral dopant S-811, S-2011 or S-4011, respectively, in the amount given in Table 1:

(35) ##STR00502##

(36) TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 1 Chiral Nematic Mixtures Mixture LC Host Dopant wt. % Dopant Ch1 N1 S-4011 0.80% Ch2 N2 S-4011 0.89% Ch3 N3 S-4011 0.82% Ch4 N4 S-4011 0.81% Ch5 N5 S-4011 0.81% Ch6 N6 S-4011 0.82% Ch7 N7 S-4011 0.81% Ch8 N8 S-4011 0.89% Ch9 N9 S-4011 0.83% Ch10 N10 S-4011 0.80% Ch11 N11 S-4011 0.80% Ch12 N12 S-4011 0.80% Ch13 N13 S-4011 0.80% Ch13a N14 S-4011 0.83% Ch14 N1 S-811 0.80% Ch15 N2 S-811 0.80% Ch16 N3 S-811 0.80% Ch17 N4 S-811 0.80% Ch18 N5 S-811 0.70% Ch19 N6 S-811 0.80% Ch20 N7 S-811 0.80% Ch21 N8 S-811 0.72% Ch22 N9 S-811 0.70% Ch23 N10 S-811 0.80% Ch24 N11 S-811 0.80% Ch25 N12 S-811 0.80% Ch26 N13 S-811 0.80% Ch27 N1 S-2011 0.80% Ch28 N2 S-2011 0.80% Ch29 N3 S-2011 0.80% Ch31 N4 S-2011 0.80% Ch31 N5 S-2011 0.80% Ch32 N6 S-2011 0.80% Ch33 N7 S-2011 0.80% Ch34 N8 S-2011 0.80% Ch35 N9 S-2011 0.80% Ch36 N10 S-2011 0.80% Ch37 N11 S-2011 0.80% Ch38 N12 S-2011 0.80% Ch39 N13 S-2011 0.80%

(37) The following mixtures Ch40 to Ch105 additionally contain stabilizers as indicated above. The amount of host mixture and the amount of stabilizer given in the table add up to give 100% by weight.

(38) TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 2 chiral nematic mixtures comprising stabilizers. Host- Mixture Mixture Stabilizer (percentage in the mixture) Ch40 Ch5 0.02% of ST-8-1 Ch41 Ch5 0.02% of ST-12 Ch42 Ch5 0.01% of ST-3b-1 Ch43 Ch5 0.03% of ST-2a-1 and 0.02% of ST-3a-1 Ch44 Ch5 0.03% of ST-2a-1 Ch45 Ch5 0.015% of ST-9-1 Ch46 Ch5 0.015% of ST-8-1 Ch47 Ch5 0.03% of ST-12 Ch48 Ch5 0.03% of ST-8-1 Ch49 Ch5 0.25% of ST-3a-1 Ch50 Ch5 0.02% of ST-8-1 and 0.01% of ST-3a-1 Ch51 Ch5 0.02% of ST-8-1 and 0.1% of ST-3a-1 Ch52 Ch5 0.01% of ST-3a-1 Ch53 Ch5 0.025% of ST-8-1 Ch54 Ch5 0.025% of ST-12 Ch55 Ch5 0.02% of ST-9-1 and 0.02% of ST-3b-1 Ch56 Ch5 0.04% of ST-3b-1 and 0.01% of ST-9-1 Ch57 Ch5 0.02% of ST-3a-1 and 0.05% of ST-3b-1 Ch58 Ch5 0.02% of ST-3a-1 and 0.01% of ST-8-1 Ch59 Ch5 0.02% of ST-3a-1 and 0.3% of the compound of the formula 03 Ch60 Ch5 0.01% of ST-17 Ch61 Ch5 0.05% of ST-3b-1 and 0.15% of ST-12 Ch62 Ch8 0.02% of ST-8-1 Ch63 Ch8 0.02% of ST-12 Ch64 Ch8 0.01% of ST-3b-1 Ch65 Ch8 0.03% of ST-2a-1 and 0.02% of ST-3a-1 Ch66 Ch8 0.03% of ST-2a-1 Ch67 Ch8 0.015% of ST-9-1 Ch68 Ch8 0.015% of ST-8-1 Ch69 Ch8 0.03% of ST-12 Ch70 Ch8 0.03% of ST-8-1 Ch71 Ch8 025% of ST-3a-1 Ch72 Ch8 0.02% of ST-8-1 and 0.01% of ST-3a-1 Ch73 Ch8 0.02% of ST-8-1 and 0.1% of ST-3a-1 Ch74 Ch8 0.01% of ST-3a-1 Ch75 Ch8 0.025% of ST-8-1 Ch76 Ch8 0.025% of ST-12 Ch77 Ch8 0.02% of ST-9-1 and 0.02% of ST-3b-1 Ch78 Ch8 0.04% of ST-3b-1 and 0.01% of ST-9-1 Ch79 Ch8 0.02% of ST-3a-1 and 0.05% of ST-3b-1 Ch80 Ch8 0.02% of ST-3a-1 and 0.01% of ST-8-1 Ch81 Ch8 0.02% of ST-3a-1 and 0.3% of the compound of the formula 04 Ch82 Ch8 0.01% of ST-17 Ch83 Ch8 0.05% of ST-3b-1 and 0.15% of ST-12 Ch84 Ch9 0.02% of ST-8-1 Ch85 Ch9 0.02% of ST-12 Ch86 Ch9 0.01% of ST-3b-1 Ch87 Ch9 0.03% of ST-2a-1 and 0.02% of ST-3a-1 Ch88 Ch9 0.03% of ST-2a-1 Ch89 Ch9 0.015% of ST-9-1 Ch90 Ch9 0.015% of ST-8-1 Ch91 Ch9 0.03% of ST-12 Ch92 Ch9 0.03% of ST-8-1 Ch93 Ch9 025% of ST-3a-1 Ch94 Ch9 0.02% of ST-8-1 and 0.01% of ST-3a-1 Ch95 Ch9 0.02% of ST-8-1 and 0.1% of ST-3a-1 Ch96 Ch9 0.01% of ST-3a-1 Ch97 Ch9 0.025% of ST-8-1 Ch98 Ch9 0.025% of ST-12 Ch99 Ch9 0.02% of ST-9-1 and 0.02% of ST-3b-1  Ch100 Ch9 0.04% of ST-3b-1 and 0.01% of ST-9-1  Ch101 Ch9 0.02% of ST-3a-1 and 0.05% of ST-3b-1  Ch102 Ch9 0.02% of ST-3a-1 and 0.01% of ST-8-1  Ch103 Ch9 0.02% of ST-3a-1 and 0.3% of the compound of the formula 05  Ch104 Ch9 0.01% of ST-17  Ch105 Ch9 0.05% of ST-3b-1 and 0.15% of ST-12
Polymerizable Chiral Nematic Mixtures

(39) The following polymerizable chiral nematic mixtures are prepared from the chiral nematic mixtures given in Table 1 by adding a reactive mesogen (RM) selected from the group of compounds of the formulae RM1, RM2 and RM3 in the amount given in the Table 4 (% RM).

(40) ##STR00506##

(41) TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 4 Polymerizable Chiral Nematic Mixtures. LC pitch Mixture Host RM % RM Dopant % dopant [μm] PCh1 N1 RM1 0.3 S-4011 0.79 PCh2 N2 RM1 0.3 S-4011 0.89 PCh3 N3 RM1 0.3 S-4011 0.82 PCh4 N4 RM1 0.3 S-4011 0.81 PCh5 N5 RM1 0.3 S-4011 0.81 13 PCh6 N6 RM1 0.3 S-4011 0.82 13 PCh7 N7 RM1 0.3 S-4011 0.81 13 PCh8 N8 RM1 0.3 S-4011 0.89 13 PCh9 N9 RM1 0.3 S-4011 0.83 13 PCh10 N10 RM1 0.3 S-4011 0.91 PCh11 N11 RM1 0.3 S-4011 0.67 PCh12 N12 RM1 0.3 S-4011 0.99 PCh13 N13 RM1 0.3 S-4011 1.18 PCh14 N1 RM1 0.3 S-811 0.23 PCh15 N2 RM1 0.3 S-811 0.44 PCh16 N3 RM1 0.3 S-811 0.56 PCh17 N4 RM1 0.3 S-811 0.87 PCh18 N5 RM1 0.3 S-811 0.70 13 PCh19 N6 RM1 0.3 S-811 0.92 PCh20 N7 RM1 0.3 S-811 0.12 PCh21 N8 RM1 0.3 S-811 0.72 13 PCh22 N9 RM1 0.3 S-811 0.70 13 PCh23 N10 RM1 0.3 S-811 0.47 PCh24 N11 RM1 0.3 S-811 0.84 PCh25 N12 RM1 0.3 S-811 0.81 PCh26 N13 RM1 0.3 S-811 0.81 PCh27 N1 RM1 0.3 S-2011 0.82 PCh28 N2 RM1 0.3 S-2011 0.31 PCh29 N3 RM1 0.3 S-2011 0.87 PCh31 N4 RM1 0.3 S-2011 0.53 PCh31 N5 RM1 0.3 S-2011 0.45 PCh32 N6 RM1 0.3 S-2011 0.46 PCh33 N7 RM1 0.3 S-2011 0.44 PCh34 N8 RM1 0.3 S-2011 0.27 PCh35 N9 RM1 0.3 S-2011 1.55 PCh36 N10 RM1 0.3 S-2011 0.56 PCh37 N11 RM1 0.3 S-2011 0.81 PCh38 N12 RM1 0.3 S-2011 0.82 PCh39 N13 RM1 0.3 S-2011 0.37 PCh40 N1 RM2 0.4 S-4011 0.88 PCh41 N2 RM2 0.4 S-4011 0.89 PCh42 N3 RM2 0.4 S-4011 0.82 PCh43 N4 RM2 0.4 S-4011 0.81 PCh44 N5 RM2 0.4 S-4011 0.81 13 PCh45 N6 RM2 0.4 S-4011 0.82 13 PCh46 N7 RM2 0.4 S-4011 0.81 13 PCh47 N8 RM2 0.4 S-4011 0.89 13 PCh48 N9 RM2 0.4 S-4011 0.83 13 PCh49 N10 RM2 0.4 S-4011 0.31 PCh50 N11 RM2 0.4 S-4011 0.87 PCh51 N12 RM2 0.4 S-4011 0.53 PCh52 N13 RM2 0.4 S-4011 0.45 PCh53 N1 RM2 0.4 S-811 0.46 PCh54 N2 RM2 0.4 S-811 0.44 PCh55 N3 RM2 0.4 S-811 0.27 PCh56 N4 RM2 0.4 S-811 0.36 PCh57 N5 RM2 0.4 S-811 0.70 13 PCh58 N6 RM2 0.4 S-811 0.56 PCh59 N7 RM2 0.4 S-811 0.81 PCh60 N8 RM2 0.4 S-811 0.72 13 PCh61 N9 RM2 0.4 S-811 0.70 13 PCh62 N10 RM2 0.4 S-811 0.36 PCh63 N11 RM2 0.4 S-811 0.47 PCh64 N12 RM2 0.4 S-811 0.53 PCh65 N13 RM2 0.4 S-811 0.45 PCh66 N1 RM2 0.4 S-2011 0.46 PCh67 N2 RM2 0.4 S-2011 0.44 PCh68 N3 RM2 0.4 S-2011 0.27 PCh69 N4 RM2 0.4 S-2011 1.55 PCh70 N5 RM2 0.4 S-2011 0.81 PCh71 N6 RM2 0.4 S-2011 0.81 PCh72 N7 RM2 0.4 S-2011 0.82 PCh73 N8 RM2 0.4 S-2011 0.89 PCh74 N9 RM2 0.4 S-2011 0.83 PCh75 N10 RM2 0.4 S-2011 0.47 PCh76 N11 RM2 0.4 S-2011 0.84 PCh77 N12 RM2 0.4 S-2011 0.81 PCh78 N13 RM2 0.4 S-2011 0.81 PCh79 N1 RM3 0.3 S-4011 0.52 PCh80 N2 RM3 0.3 S-4011 0.89 PCh81 N3 RM3 0.3 S-4011 0.82 PCh82 N4 RM3 0.3 S-4011 0.81 PCh83 N5 RM3 0.3 S-4011 0.81 13 PCh84 N6 RM3 0.3 S-4011 0.82 13 PCh85 N7 RM3 0.3 S-4011 0.81 13 PCh86 N8 RM3 0.3 S-4011 0.89 13 PCh87 N9 RM3 0.3 S-4011 0.83 13 PCh88 N10 RM3 0.3 S-4011 0.73 PCh89 N11 RM3 0.3 S-4011 0.68 PCh90 N12 RM3 0.3 S-4011 0.68 PCh91 N13 RM3 0.3 S-4011 0.90 PCh92 N1 RM3 0.3 S-811 0.91 PCh93 N2 RM3 0.3 S-811 0.66 PCh94 N3 RM3 0.3 S-811 0.82 PCh95 N4 RM3 0.3 S-811 0.54 PCh96 N5 RM3 0.3 S-811 0.70 13 PCh97 N6 RM3 0.3 S-811 0.83 PCh98 N7 RM3 0.3 S-811 0.73 PCh99 N8 RM3 0.3 S-811 0.72 13 PCh100 N9 RM3 0.3 S-811 0.70 13 PCh101 N10 RM3 0.3 S-811 0.77 PCh102 N11 RM3 0.3 S-811 0.85 PCh103 N12 RM3 0.3 S-811 0.86 PCh104 N13 RM3 0.3 S-811 0.93 PCh105 N1 RM3 0.3 S-2011 0.68 PCh106 N2 RM3 0.3 S-2011 0.87 PCh107 N3 RM3 0.3 S-2011 0.88 PCh108 N4 RM3 0.3 S-2011 0.92 PCh109 N5 RM3 0.3 S-2011 0.43 PCh110 N6 RM3 0.3 S-2011 0.58 PCh111 N7 RM3 0.3 S-2011 0.59 PCh112 N8 RM3 0.3 S-2011 0.67 PCh113 N9 RM3 0.3 S-2011 0.34 PCh114 N10 RM3 0.3 S-2011 0.79 PCh115 N11 RM3 0.3 S-2011 0.83 PCh116 N12 RM3 0.3 S-2011 0.83 PCh117 N13 RM3 0.3 S-2011 0.83

(42) The polymerizable mixtures PCh1 to PCh117 preferably contain stabilizers in the same concentration as given in Table 2 for chiral nematic mixtures.

(43) The following mixtures PCh118 to PCh183 additionally contain stabilizers as indicated above. The amount of host mixture and the amount of stabilizer given in the table add up to give 100% by weight.

(44) TABLE-US-00023 TABLE 5 Polymerizable chiral nematic mixtures comprising stabilizers. Host- Mixture Mixture Stabilizer (percentage in the mixture) PCh118 PCh5 0.02% of ST-8-1 PCh119 PCh5 0.02% of ST-12 PCh120 PCh5 0.01% of ST-3b-1 PCh121 PCh5 0.03% of ST-2a-1 and 0.02% of ST-3a-1 PCh122 PCh5 0.03% of ST-2a-1 PCh123 PCh5 0.015% of ST-9-1 PCh124 PCh5 0.015% of ST-8-1 PCh125 PCh5 0.03% of ST-12 PCh126 PCh5 0.03% of ST-8-1 PCh127 PCh5 0.25% of ST-3a-1 PCh128 PCh5 0.02% of ST-8-1 and 0.01% of ST-3a-1 PCh129 PCh5 0.02% of ST-8-1 and 0.1% of ST-3a-1 PCh130 PCh5 0.01% of ST-3a-1 PCh131 PCh5 0.025% of ST-8-1 PCh132 PCh5 0.025% of ST-12 PCh133 PCh5 0.02% of ST-9-1 and 0.02% of ST-3b-1 PCh134 PCh5 0.04% of ST-3b-1 and 0.01% of ST-9-1 PCh135 PCh5 0.02% of ST-3a-1 and 0.05% of ST-3b-1 PCh136 PCh5 0.02% of ST-3a-1 and 0.01% of ST-8-1 PCh137 PCh5 0.02% of ST-3a-1 and 0.3% of the compound of the formula 07 PCh138 PCh5 0.01% of ST-17 PCh139 PCh5 0.05% of ST-3b-1 and 0.15% of ST-12 PCh140 PCh8 0.02% of ST-8-1 PCh141 PCh8 0.02% of ST-12 PCh142 PCh8 0.01% of ST-3b-1 PCh143 PCh8 0.03% of ST-2a-1 and 0.02% of ST-3a-1 PCh144 PCh8 0.03% of ST-2a-1 PCh145 PCh8 0.015% of ST-9-1 PCh146 PCh8 0.015% of ST-8-1 PCh147 PCh8 0.03% of ST-12 PCh148 PCh8 0.03% of ST-8-1 PCh149 PCh8 025% of ST-3a-1 PCh150 PCh8 0.02% of ST-8-1 and 0.01% of ST-3a-1 PCh151 PCh8 0.02% of ST-8-1 and 0.1% of ST-3a-1 PCh152 PCh8 0.01% of ST-3a-1 PCh153 PCh8 0.025% of ST-8-1 PCh154 PCh8 0.025% of ST-12 PCh155 PCh8 0.02% of ST-9-1 and 0.02% of ST-3b-1 PCh156 PCh8 0.04% of ST-3b-1 and 0.01% of ST-9-1 PCh157 PCh8 0.02% of ST-3a-1 and 0.05% of ST-3b-1 PCh158 PCh8 0.02% of ST-3a-1 and 0.01% of ST-8-1 PCh159 PCh8 0.02% of ST-3a-1 and 0.3% of the compound of the formula 08 PCh160 PCh8 0.01% of ST-17 PCh161 PCh8 0.05% of ST-3b-1 and 0.15% of ST-12 PCh162 PCh9 0.02% of ST-8-1 PCh163 PCh9 0.02% of ST-12 PCh164 PCh9 0.01% of ST-3b-1 PCh165 PCh9 0.03% of ST-2a-1 and 0.02% of ST-3a-1 PCh166 PCh9 0.03% of ST-2a-1 PCh167 PCh9 0.015% of ST-9-1 PCh168 PCh9 0.015% of ST-8-1 PCh169 PCh9 0.03% of ST-12 PCh170 PCh9 0.03% of ST-8-1 PCh171 PCh9 025% of ST-3a-1 PCh172 PCh9 0.02% of ST-8-1 and 0.01% of ST-3a-1 PCh173 PCh9 0.02% of ST-8-1 and 0.1% of ST-3a-1 PCh174 PCh9 0.01% of ST-3a-1 PCh175 PCh9 0.025% of ST-8-1 PCh176 PCh9 0.025% of ST-12 PCh177 PCh9 0.02% of ST-9-1 and 0.02% of ST-3b-1 PCh178 PCh9 0.04% of ST-3b-1 and 0.01% of ST-9-1 PCh179 PCh9 0.02% of ST-3a-1 and 0.05% of ST-3b-1 PCh180 PCh9 0.02% of ST-3a-1 and 0.01% of ST-8-1 PCh181 PCh9 0.02% of ST-3a-1 and 0.3% of the compound of the formula 09 PCh182 PCh9 0.01% of ST-17 PCh183 PCh9 0.05% of ST-3b-1 and 0.15% of ST-12
Transmission Measurements

(45) Transmission values of the above mixtures are exemplified as follows.

(46) For the transmission measurement, a Zeiss AxioScope measurement system is used and the voltage-transmission curve is measured at a temperature of 25° C. (frequency: 60 Hz; range: 0-10V with an increment of 0.1 V). The results are shown in Tables 6 and 7.

(47) The transmission of the chiral nematic mixtures is measured in VA test cells.

(48) TABLE-US-00024 TABLE 6 Transmission values of chiral nematic mixtures Transmission [a.u.] of Mixture Voltage [V] C1 Ch5 Ch8 Ch9 Ch18 Ch21 Ch22 1.0 0.023 0.025 0.026 0.026 0.025 0.023 0.025 2.0 0.025 0.027 0.026 0.025 0.027 0.025 0.025 2.5 0.071 0.141 0.044 0.029 0.145 0.041 0.028 3.0 0.869 1.030 0.661 0.314 1.030 0.653 0.324 3.5 2.122 2.231 1.761 1.267 2.219 1.742 1.278 4.0 3.206 3.414 2.927 2.365 3.392 2.904 2.392 4.5 3.970 4.408 3.992 3.420 4.391 3.960 3.470 5.0 4.484 5.148 4.841 4.331 5.148 4.796 4.384 5.5 4.829 5.671 5.465 5.036 5.693 5.409 5.085 6.0 5.081 6.037 5.912 5.548 6.079 5.845 5.594 6.5 5.280 6.297 6.236 5.914 6.359 6.163 5.964 7.0 5.440 6.474 6.469 6.183 6.551 6.395 6.233 7.5 5.572 6.597 6.634 6.380 6.689 6.559 6.435 8.0 5.684 6.684 6.749 6.521 6.786 6.674 6.578

(49) The test cells for the transmission measurements of the polymerizable chiral nematic mixtures are prepared as follows:

(50) Test cells having a fishbone electrode layout specified above are filled with a polymerizable chiral nematic mixture, and are then irradiated (UV fluorescent lamp, 5.1 mW/cm.sup.2 at 313 nm) with an applied voltage (20V AC with square wave form, 1 kHz) and post-cured (UV intensity 2.6 mW/cm.sup.2 at 313 nm) for 2 h. The transmission values are determined as described above and are shown in Table 6.

(51) TABLE-US-00025 TABLE 7 Transmission values of polymerizable chiral nematic mixtures Voltage Transmission [a.u.] of Mixture [V] C2 PCh5 PCh86 PCh87 PCh18 PCh99 PCh100 1.0 0.024 0.025 0.026 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.023 2.0 0.025 0.026 0.027 0.026 0.026 0.026 0.025 2.5 0.060 0.111 0.077 0.031 0.116 0.070 0.029 3.0 0.809 0.904 1.027 0.373 1.003 1.038 0.365 3.5 2.044 2.012 2.587 1.657 2.226 2.635 1.614 4.0 3.135 3.119 3.837 2.966 3.388 3.914 2.899 4.5 3.915 4.092 4.696 3.955 4.364 4.795 3.901 5.0 4.443 4.856 5.287 4.670 5.111 5.405 4.656 5.5 4.803 5.424 5.706 5.193 5.656 5.837 5.221 6.0 5.065 5.839 6.011 5.576 6.047 6.150 5.646 6.5 5.272 6.141 6.239 5.860 6.332 6.384 5.965 7.0 5.438 6.354 6.408 6.078 6.530 6.561 6.207 7.5 5.575 6.510 6.533 6.246 6.672 6.685 6.392 8.0 5.690 6.622 6.624 6.369 6.774 6.780 6.529

(52) In the on-state, the mixtures Ch5, Ch8, Ch9, Ch18, Ch21, Ch22 according to the invention show improved transmission compared to mixture C.sub.1 from the state of the art.

(53) In the on-state, the mixtures PCh5, PCh86, PCh87, PCh18, PCh99, PCh100 according to the invention show improved transmission compared to mixture C2 from the state of the art.

(54) The following table, Table 8, shows the transmission values for the nematic host mixtures N5, N8 and N9 and the corresponding mixtures Ch5, Ch8 and Ch9 comprising the chiral dopant S-4011. As can be seen, the transmission of the mixtures Ch5, Ch8 and Ch9 is clearly improved compared to the mixtures without chiral dopant. The same is the case for the mixtures Ch18, Ch21 and Ch22 (not shown here, see Table 6 above), which comprise the chiral dopant S-811.

(55) TABLE-US-00026 TABLE 8 Transmission [a.u.] of Mixture Voltage [V] N5 Ch5 N8 Ch8 N9 Ch9 1.0 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.026 0.025 0.026 2.0 0.026 0.027 0.026 0.026 0.025 0.025 2.5 0.077 0.141 0.032 0.044 0.028 0.029 3.0 1.264 1.030 0.763 0.661 0.285 0.314 3.5 3.043 2.231 2.527 1.761 1.782 1.267 4.0 4.313 3.414 4.014 2.927 3.454 2.365 4.5 4.952 4.408 4.837 3.992 4.543 3.420 5.0 5.203 5.148 5.190 4.841 5.077 4.331 5.5 5.271 5.671 5.300 5.465 5.284 5.036 6.0 5.260 6.037 5.302 5.912 5.332 5.548 6.5 5.222 6.297 5.266 6.236 5.315 5.914 7.0 5.222 6.474 5.266 6.469 5.315 6.183 7.5 5.184 6.597 5.193 6.634 5.232 6.380 8.0 5.187 6.684 5.184 6.749 5.208 6.521

(56) The above shown transmission values of the polymerizable chiral nematic mixtures (Table 7) are equally improved over the transmission values of the host mixtures N5, N8 and N9.

(57) Self Aligning Mixtures

Alignment Additive Example 1

(58) ##STR00510##
The additive is prepared as described in WO 2017/041893.
Phases: T.sub.g−33 K 26 I
Together with the above host mixtures the following alignment additives are used:

(59) ##STR00511## ##STR00512## ##STR00513##
all prepared analogously to compound SA-2.

(60) Self aligning LC media according to the invention are prepared with each of the above host mixtures Ch1 to Ch105 according to the following table, by adding the alignment additive(s) and reactive mesogen (RM) indicated, followed by homogenization.

(61) TABLE-US-00027 TABLE 9 Composition of Mixture Examples SM1 to SM1365 (all percentages are % by weight based on the whole mixture) alignment Mix. No. LC host [weight %] additive RM SM1-SM105 Ch1 to Ch105 (99.4%) SA-1 (0.3%) RM1 (0.3%) SM106 to SM210 Ch1 to Ch105 (99.4%) SA-2 (0.3%) RM1 (0.3%) SM211 to SM315 Ch1 to Ch105 (99.4%) SA-3 (0.3%) RM1 (0.3%) SM316 to SM420 Ch1 to Ch105 (99.4%) SA-4 (0.3%) RM1 (0.3%) SM421 to SM525 Ch1 to Ch105 (99.4%) SA-5 (0.3%) RM1 (0.3%) SM526 to SM630 Ch1 to Ch105 (99.4%) SA-6 (0.3%) RM1 (0.3%) SM631 to SM735 Ch1 to Ch105 (99.4%) SA-7 (0.3%) RM1 (0.3%) SM736 to SM840 Ch1 to Ch105 (99.4%) SA-8 (0.3%) RM1 (0.3%) SM841 to SM945 Ch1 to Ch105 (99.4%) SA-9 (0.3%) RM1 (0.3%) SM946 to SM1050 Ch1 to Ch105 (99.4%) SA-10 (0.3%) RM1 (0.3%) SM1051 to SM1155 Ch1 to Ch105 (99.4%) SA-11 (0.3%) RM1 (0.3%) SM1156 to SM1260 Ch1 to Ch105 (99.4%) SA-12 (0.3%) RM1 (0.3%) SM1261 to SM1365 Ch1 to Ch105 (99.4%) SA-13 (0.3%) RM1 (0.3%)

(62) The resulting mixtures are homogenized and filled into “alignment-free” test cells (cell thickness d 4.0 μm, ITO coating on both sides (structured ITO in case of a multi-domain switching), no alignment layer and no passivation layer).

(63) The LC-mixtures show a spontaneous homeotropic (vertical) orientation with respect to the surface of the substrates. The orientation is stable to elevated temperatures up to the clearing point of the respective host mixture Ch1 to Ch105. The resulting VA-cell can be reversibly switched. Crossed polarizers are applied to visualize the switching operation.

(64) By using alignment additives like the compound of the formula SA-1 to SA-13, no alignment layer (e.g. no PI coating) is required for vertical orientation for any kind of display technologies. In addition, the transmission values of the test cells produced using the mixtures SA1 to SA1165 are comparable to those given in table 6 above where test cells with polyimide are used.

(65) The entire disclosures of all applications, patents and publications, cited herein and of corresponding European Application No. EP 17208846.0, filed Dec. 20, 2017, and European Application No. EP 18156003.8, filed Feb. 9, 2018, are incorporated by reference herein.

(66) Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art can, using the preceding description, utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The preceding preferred specific embodiments are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.

(67) The preceding examples can be repeated with similar success by substituting the generically or specifically described reactants and/or operating conditions of this invention for those used in the preceding examples.

(68) From the foregoing description, one skilled in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention and, without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions.