SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING THE QUALITY OF PRODUCTS IN OUTPUT FROM A CUTTING MACHINE

Abstract

“A system controls the quality of products in output from a cutting machine, for instance, a log saw that has at least one cutting disc and a sharpening wheel. The control system comprises a PLC controller suitable for controlling the cutting and sharpening process and an inspection system suitable for scanning at a specific time instant, a set of quality values of a roll in output from the cutting machine. A processing unit receives the set of quality values and sends to the PLC controller a command aimed at performing an action consisting of increasing or decreasing one of the following parameters: sharpening time, sharpening frequency, and differential speed between the wheel and the disc, based on the comparison between the set of quality values and a reference quality value, and the action carried out at the previous time instant”.

Claims

1-13. (canceled)

14. A system for controlling the quality of products in output from a cutting machine, wherein the cutting machine is adapted and configured for cutting logs of convoluted wound sheet material and wherein the cutting machine has at least one cutting disc and one sharpening wheel, the system comprising: a PLC controller designed to control the cutting and sharpening process; and an inspection system, said inspection system comprising a vision system comprising one or more cameras adapted and configured to scan at a given time instant a set of quality values, said quality values being representative of one or more photographic scans of a roll in output from the cutting machine; wherein the control system has a processing unit adapted and configured to: (i) receive said set of quality values of the roll in output from the cutting machine; (ii) compare said set of quality values with reference quality values, said reference quality values being based upon at least one of photographic scans and renderings of rolls with ideal cutting quality; and (iii) based upon said comparison and an action performed at a time instant previous to the given time instant, send a command to the PLC controller aimed at performing an action, said action comprising at least one of increasing or decreasing at least one of the following parameters: (x) sharpening time; (y) sharpening frequency; and (z) differential speed between said sharpening wheel and said disc; wherein when in consecutive instants the comparison between said set of quality values and said reference quality value has a positive result, said processing unit is adapted and configured to decrease the following parameters sequentially and cyclically, in the following order: the sharpening time, the sharpening frequency, and the differential speed between said sharpening wheel and said disc; and wherein when in successive instants the comparison between said set of quality values and said reference quality value has a negative result, said processing unit is adapted and configured to increase the following parameters sequentially and cyclically, in the following order: the differential speed, the sharpening frequency, and the sharpening time.

15. The control system according to claim 14, further comprising an automated mechanical system having at least one of a gripper and a load cell system adapted and configured to apply a compression from 2 mm to 5 mm in diameter to the roll in output from the cutting machine, said compression being representative of a level of compactness and the density of the roll in output from the cutting machine.

16. The control system according to claim 14 further comprising a robotic arm adapted and configured to sense perpendicularity of cut surfaces of the roll in output from the cutting machine relative to a longitudinal axis of the roll in output from the cutting machine.

17. The control system according to claim 1, wherein the processing unit comprises a scanning system adapted and configured to detect at least geometries associated with the inner edge and of the outer edge of the roll.

18. The control system according to claim 1, further comprising a system for applying a filter to photographic scans, the filter being adapted and configured to differentiate areas with uniform cut surfaces from areas with non-uniform cut surfaces on the roll in output from the cutting machine.

19. The control system according to claim 1, wherein said processing unit is adapted and configured to: (iv) sense when the set of quality values scanned is below a start reference quality threshold; (v) launch a phase of regulation of the parameters including a series of actions comprising at least one of increasing the sharpening time, the sharpening frequency, and the differential speed; and (vi) end the phase of regulation of parameters when the set of quality values meets a stop reference quality value.

20. The control system according to claim 19, wherein said processing unit is adapted and configured to start said parameter regulation phase with an increment in the differential speed between sharpening wheel and disc.

21. The control system according to claim 14 wherein said vision system comprises at least 4 cameras arranged at a distance of between 100 and 1000 mm from the center of the roll.

22. The control system according to claim 14 wherein each of said one or more cameras of said vision system is associated with a lighting system consisting of a vertical LED lighting bar and a horizontal LED lighting bar adapted and configured to be operated sequentially and automatically.

23. The control system according to claim 14, wherein the processing unit upon receiving said scanned quality values is adapted and configured to assess the presence of at least one of dirt, wrinkles and production defects on the rolls in output and to start a maintenance phase comprising at least one of stopping the cutting machine for cleaning of the disc and regulating working pressures of the cutting machine.

24. The control system according to claim 14, wherein said processing unit is adapted and configured to function as a unit of storage of the data scanned and of the operations carried out and is adapted and configured to implement automatic learning methods related to controlling the differential speed, the sharpening frequency, and the sharpening time.

Description

[0027] Further features of the invention will be made clearer by the following detailed description, referred to a purely illustrative, and therefore non-limiting, example embodiment thereof illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0028] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a cutting machine with a cutting disc mounted on an orbiting arm according to the prior art;

[0029] FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustration showing the components of the system for controlling the quality of products in output from a cutting machine according to the invention;

[0030] FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the flow diagram of operations performed when the control system launches a sharpening process;

[0031] FIG. 4 is an image showing the scan by an inspection system of a roll with ideal cutting quality and geometric parameters;

[0032] FIGS. 5a and 5b show scans performed on the outer and inner edges of the roll in FIG. 4 for geometric analyses;

[0033] FIG. 5c is a representation of the roll of FIG. 4 to which a filter is applied for cut cleanliness analysis;

[0034] FIG. 6 shows the scan by an inspection system of a roll with insufficient cut quality;

[0035] FIGS. 7a and 7b show images of the roll of FIG. 6 subjected to geometric and cut cleanliness analysis, respectively;

[0036] FIG. 8 shows the scan by an inspection system of a roll with an inadequate inner hole;

[0037] FIG. 9 is an image of detection of geometric parameters on the scan of FIG. 8; and

[0038] FIG. 10 shows a schematic side view of a roll cut in a compliant manner and of a non-complying roll which has undergone an effect of distortion or bias.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0039] The method of controlling the process of sharpening of the cutting blade according to the present invention can be applied to a standard cutting machine 10 such as, for example, that shown in FIG. 1.

[0040] Such a machine 10 has substantially a rotating disc blade 11 mounted on an orbiting arm in such a way that the blade completes an orbit in a cutting plane perpendicular to the axis of the logs 13 to be cut. This drawing also shows a sharpening assembly comprising, in the illustrative example, a pair of sharpening wheels 14, although a single sharpening wheel 14 may be provided. The functioning of the machine 10 is controlled by a PLC controller 20.

[0041] According to the present invention, an inspection system S is associated with the cutting machine 10 which is suitable for scanning a set of Q.sub.out values of the state and quality of a product in output from the cutting machine 10, generally a roll 15, to compare it with a Q.sub.setpoint reference value that represents the standard value of the quality of the roll. A value or a set of values scanned that deviate from the reference value Q.sub.setpoint indicates that the roll 15 analysed has more or less marked defects and is indicative of the fact that such defects will be repeated in the subsequent rolls in output if the current machine settings are continued or if no maintenance operations are performed.

[0042] FIG. 2 is a schematic block representation of the components of the quality control system. The values scanned by the inspection system S are sent to a processing unit D which is able to carry out a quality comparison with the reference values.

[0043] One of the causes of bad cutting quality is represented, as mentioned several times, by the poor condition of the cutting blade, as well as by inefficient sharpening operations. The system according to the present invention represents a solution to this disadvantage by providing a dynamic method of control of the sharpening process which self-regulates according to the values of the condition of the roll in output from the cutting machine scanned at successive time instants and continuously varying the basic parameters of the sharpening process which are represented by: [0044] sharpening time Δt.sub.sharp, i.e. the duration of a single sharpening phase; [0045] sharpening frequency f.sub.sharp, i.e. the frequency with which sharpening takes place; [0046] differential speed Δv, i.e. the difference between the speed of rotation of a sharpening wheel 14 and that of the cutting blade or disc 11.

[0047] In practice, at a time instant t(k), the set of values Q.sub.out indicating the state and quality of a roll in output is scanned. The Q.sub.out values are sent to the processing unit D which performs a comparison with the reference value Q.sub.setpoint and sends to the machine control the command for the action to be carried out, in such a way as to automate the sharpening process, reducing operator intervention to a minimum and always guaranteeing the quality of the cut.

[0048] When necessary, the control system according to the invention launches a dynamic cycle of regulation of the sharpening parameters, in the sense that the action to be carried out at the instant t(k) is processed as a function of the one to be performed at the previous time instant t(k-1), according to the algorithm shown in the flow diagram of FIG. 3 and as illustrated below.

[0049] Within a parameter setting cycle, at each time instant t(k) the set of values scanned Q.sub.out is compared with the reference value Q.sub.setpoint to verify the cutting quality. If the comparison gives a positive result, i.e. if the cutting quality is observed, the processing unit D sends a command to the controller PLC 20 aimed at decreasing one of the three fundamental parameters of the process (sharpening time, sharpening frequency, differential speed). If the result is negative, on the contrary, the command sent to the PLC is aimed at decreasing one of the three parameters.

[0050] The choice of which parameter to change at time t(k) depends on the action taken in the previous step t(k-1). If, for example, the comparison on the quality of the cut gives a positive result and at the previous instant t(k-1) the sharpening time Δt.sub.sharp was decreased, processing unit D sends a command to decrease the sharpening frequency f.sub.sharp. If at the next instant t(k+1) the query still gives a positive result, the PLC controller will also decrease the differential speed Δv. If also at the following instant t(k+2) the quality of the cut is still sufficient, the control system will further decrease the sharpening time Δt.sub.sharp, and the cycle is thus repeated in the subsequent phases until the instant in which the comparison of the quality of the cut has a negative result.

[0051] The scan of the set of quality values Q.sub.out of the rolls in output from the cutting machine can take place in different ways. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the inspection system S consists of a vision system capable of scanning one or more images or making captures of a roll, and the reference value Q.sub.setpoint consists of a series of views or renderings of a roll with standard quality levels.

[0052] After having scanned the images via the inspection system S, a processing unit D analyses the geometries of the roll, seeking outsize values (in particular external and internal diameter of the roll, but in general any geometric measurement desired). Above all, the circularity of the roll is assessed, given that the cutting operation tends to crush the hole from above at the blade entrance. In addition, the processing system can evaluate a non-clean or non-straight cut: by applying a filter, the shadow zones corresponding to non-adjacent cuts can be highlighted and measured.

[0053] Referring to the accompanying drawings, FIG. 4 shows the scan by the inspection system of a roll with ideal cutting quality and geometric parameters. The scanned image can be used to detect the “standard” geometric parameters, preferably by means of a scanning system, capable for example of scanning inner and outer edges, as shown in FIGS. 5a and 5b. The scans carried out will be used for subsequent geometric analyses, such as radius detection and centring. Such a scan is evaluated by the processing unit as compliant, with a display on the screen (OK). In addition, the parameters used for the evaluation can also be displayed.

[0054] The scans and processing operations carried out on a roll with ideal cutting quality and geometric parameters are stored in the processing unit and will be used as a reference measurement for the evaluation of subsequent scans.

[0055] FIG. 5c is an image corresponding to the scan of FIG. 4a following the application of a filter which enables areas to be detected where the cut is not precise, indicated by an excessive presence of white pixels. FIG. 5c shows a circular corona substantially devoid of white pixels.

[0056] FIG. 6 shows a detected image of a roll in which the cut is not adequately smoothed. Some defects can be seen such as, for example, discontinuous lines on the cutting surface.

[0057] FIG. 7a shows the image of FIG. 6 subjected to scanning to detect geometrical parameters and FIG. 7b shows the image of FIG. 6 after applying the filter for the analysis of the defects. It can be seen how the presence of “white pixels” is much greater than in FIG. 5c, demonstrating the fact that the cutting surface is not adequately smoothed. In this case, the processing unit reports the scan as not good (NG).

[0058] FIG. 8 shows the scan of a roll that has an inner hole that is not perfectly circular, while FIG. 9 shows the detection of the geometric parameters on this roll by scanning. The processing unit carries out the comparison with the scans captured and stored for rolls with ideal geometry. In this case, having evaluated that the dimensions of the hole do not come within the set tolerances, it evaluates and reports the cut as not good (NG).

[0059] In the preferred embodiment, the vision system allows up to eight cameras to be handled simultaneously, arranged in such a way as to give a complete representation of the roll in output from different perspectives. Such an inspection system S allows the evaluation, besides the cut quality, of also other fundamental values of the condition of the roll in output, among which the presence of dirt, core defect or crushing, length problems, etc.

[0060] On the basis of various studies and tests carried out on rolls with a maximum diameter of 200 mm at a production rate of 270 rolls/minute, the inspection system S achieves the best results with a system having four to eight cameras arranged at a distance of between 100 and 1000 mm from the centre of the roll.

[0061] For each camera a lighting system is provided composed of two LED bars of approximately 250 mm, one arranged in a vertical direction, the other in a horizontal direction. The lights are automatically switched on sequentially for each camera in order to detect defects in two directions, i.e. from above and from the side. In this way it is possible to detect defects present whatever the orientation of the roll in output.

[0062] Using a calibration pattern, the inspection system also compensates the angle of the camera, avoiding distortions of images.

[0063] Various analyses can be carried out on the scanned images. For example, it is possible to go to measure the circumference of the roll in output and compare it with the standard values.

[0064] A possible alternative or integration to an inspection system S described above comes from an automated mechanical system comprising a gripper or load cell system capable of checking the compactness of the roll in output. The roll in output is taken by the gripper and compressed by a few mm (generally 2 to 5 mm). Once the force required to compress it has been verified, the measure of its compactness (firmness) is obtained and indirectly its density.

[0065] In addition, the system can be integrated with a robotised system (or robotic arm) to check on the presence of any bias effects of the roll. “Bias” substantially refers to the fact that the roll has not undergone a straight and precise cut, but instead has a “salami” configuration as shown in FIG. 10, where a) the structure of a standard roll and b) the structure of a roll with bias are schematically illustrated. Substantially, the roll bias occurs when the cutting surfaces are not perpendicular but inclined with respect to its longitudinal axis. When the system detects a bias effect, the quality of the cut is clearly evaluated as not good (NG quality).

[0066] In any embodiment, from what has just been said, a positive evaluation of the cut quality (OK quality) in successive instants gives rise to a phase of decrease in series of the parameters which is interrupted when the interrogation has a negative result (NG quality, right branch of the flow diagram of FIG. 3). In the example a cycle is described which involves the decrease of the parameters in sequence: sharpening time, sharpening frequency, differential speed. Clearly the sequence can be set according to preferences and experience, for example a decrease in sharpening time can be followed by a decrease in differential speed.

[0067] Contrary to what is described in the example in the case of a positive evaluation of the cutting quality, a comparison between the set of scanned values Q.sub.out and the reference value Q.sub.setpoint which has a negative result gives rise to a phase of increment of the parameters (left-hand branch of the flow diagram), generally with a sequence which is inverted with respect to the phase of decreasing of the parameters. In the example case shown in FIG. 3, the sequence of decrease of the parameters is: differential speed, sharpening frequency, sharpening time. That is to say that, in the case of negative evaluation of the cutting quality, the system will continue to cyclically increment the three parameters in this order until an adequate quality is obtained.

[0068] When at the instant t(k) the comparison on the quality of the cut gives a different result from that carried out at the previous instant t(k-1), the processing unit intervenes by evaluating which was the last operation carried out. For example, with reference to the flow diagram of FIG. 3, if, following an increment at instant t(k-1) of the sharpening time Δ.sub.tsharp (block top left), the quality of the cut at instant t(k) is sufficient, the processing unit D sends a command aimed at decreasing the same sharpening time Δt.sub.sharp. If at the next instant t(k+1) the quality of the cut were again to be insufficient, the PLC controller intervenes, in this case incrementing the sharpening frequency f.sub.sharp, and so on according to the diagram shown.

[0069] The system for controlling cut quality described above can be implemented in various ways. For example, processing unit D can decide whether to carry out operations on the parameters of the sharpening process or whether to continue with the parameters already set, without any intervention (FIG. 2).

[0070] In fact, the processing unit D may decide to launch a phase of regulation of the parameters only when the set of quality values Q.sub.out scanned at an instant t(k) is lower than a start reference quality threshold Q.sub.start. From this instant, the control system carries out a series of operations according to the methodology described above until the instant in which the set of quality values Q.sub.out meets a stop reference quality value Q.sub.stop. In the case wherein it is necessary to launch a phase of regulation of the parameters, this generally starts with the increment of one of the parameters. For example, the phase can start with the increment of the differential speed Δv and continue according to the diagram in FIG. 3, but clearly the phases can be modified according to preferences.

[0071] Another implementation of the control system consists in the qualitative inspection of the images or values scanned Q.sub.out in order to detect the presence of dirt, wrinkles or other surface defects on the rolls in output from the cutting machine and deciding to perform maintenance operations on the machine, for example stopping it to allow cleaning of the cutting disc, regulation of the working pressures or other manual operations.

[0072] A further aspect of the present invention relates to the possibility of the processing unit to store the data coming from scans of quality values of the rolls and from the operations performed. Such data can be used by the processing unit D to implement (e.g. by means of artificial intelligence and automatic learning techniques) the process of setting and choosing sharpening parameters in order to minimise consumption of the cutting disc and maximise the efficiency of the process.

[0073] Naturally the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments previously described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, but numerous detailed changes may be made thereto within the reach of the person skilled in the art, without thereby departing from the scope of the invention itself, as defined by the appended claims.