PARTICLE FILTER WITH ULTRASOUND DEVICE
20210341370 · 2021-11-04
Inventors
Cpc classification
B01D21/283
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B01D49/006
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
International classification
Abstract
Filter installations for suspended matter in flowing fluids, including filtration methods, uses and equipment and plants with filter installations. A device reducing the specific particle count of suspended matter by means of an energy input using ultrasound waves stabilized with electronic feedback loops and their harmonics in the fluids or in objects attached thereto. A flow pipe having a wall, which, on its outer side, its inner side, and/or in the wall has pairs of mutually opposite exciters of longitudinal waves and their harmonics, and/or reflectors, opposite the exciters of the flow pipe to a filter, which keeps the specific particle counts of the suspended matter in the filtered fluids to below the detectable limit.
Claims
1.-14. (canceled)
15. A filter system for suspended matter with the particle size of 400 pm to ≤500 μm in flowing fluids having a volume flow of 10.sup.−2 mL/sec to 10.sup.5 mL/sec, comprising: at least one device for a ≥80% reduction in a specific particle number (N/Vt) of suspended matter with particle sizes from 400 pm to 50 nm and/or for a ≥80% reduction in the specific particle number (N/Vt) of suspended matter with a most penetrating particle size of particle sizes ≥200 nm to ≤400 nm in the flowing fluids in objects selected from the group consisting of fluid-permeable, vibrating membranes, foams, nets, threads and fabrics; at least one standing acoustic ultrasonic field with a power level of 40 dB or 250 dB and a frequency of 1 kHz to 800 MHz providing an energy input of 0.25 W to 1 kW, such that flowing fluids with suspended matter having a specific particle number (N/Vt) from below the detection limit up to <0.1% as well as with suspended matter having particle sizes of ≥50 nm to ≤200 nm, and a specific particle number (N/Vt) >99% and/or with suspended matter having particle sizes of ≥400 nm to 500 μm and a specific particle number (N/Vt) >99% are obtainable; the device comprising at least one wall-free flow area and/or at least one flow pipe with a closed wall that encloses or enclose at least one flow channel through which the flowing fluids and the flowing fluids with suspended matter flow, wherein the at least one wall-free flow area has (i) at least two pairs of mutually associated and opposing exciters or exciter-receivers of ultrasonic waves, and/or at least two pairs each consisting of one exciter and/or exciter-receiver of ultrasonic waves and an associated opposite reflector, the imaginary connecting lines between the respective pairs intersecting at an angle of 90°, and/or has (ii) at least two centrally arranged exciters of ultrasonic waves for generating the at least one standing acoustic ultrasonic field, the at least one flow pipe has (i) at least two pairs of mutually associated and opposing exciters or exciter-receivers of ultrasonic waves, and/or at least two pairs each consisting of one exciter and/or exciter-receiver of ultrasonic waves and an associated opposite reflector, which are arranged on the outside and/or on the inside and/or in the respective closed wall itself in such a way that the imaginary connecting lines between the respective pairs intersect at an angle of 90°, and/or has (ii) at least two centrally arranged exciters of ultrasonic waves for generating the at least one standing ultrasonic field; at least one electronic device for generating, monitoring and stabilizing the at least one standing acoustic ultrasonic field with at least one feedback loop; at least one conveyor device for a volume flow of 10.sup.−2 mL/sec to 10.sup.5 mL/sec for the fluids and into and through the at least one flow pipe and/or the at least one wall-free flow area; and at least one fluid connection of the at least one flow pipe and/or of the at least one wall-free flow area having at least one filter having a smallest filterable particle size of 50 nm to 1000 nm, which at least one filter is permeable for fluids, wherein the specific particle numbers (N/Vt) of the suspended matter in filtered fluids emerging from the filter system are each below a detection limit or an amount up to 0.1%, wherein N is particle number, V is volume in cubic meters, t is time in hours, and wherein the percentages given above are each based on the respective specific starter numbers (N/Vt) of the respective suspended matter being 100%.
16. The filter system according to claim 15, wherein the flowing fluids are gaseous, liquid, gel-like and/or mixed phases.
17. The filter system according to claim 15, wherein the at least one flow pipe has at least one further device for metering of particles of a particle size of >400 nm to 500 nm into the at least one flow channel and/or that the at least one further device is assigned to the at least one wall-free flow area, and/or the at least one flow pipe and/or the at least one wall-free flow area has at least one branch before and/or after the at least one filter for discharging the suspended matter from the at least one flow channel comprising a superposition of standing ultrasonic longitudinal waves and their harmonics and/or comprising ultrasonic shock waves.
18. The filter system according to claim 15, wherein the at least one filter having a smallest filterable particle size of 50 nm to 1000 nm is selected from the group consisting of high-performance EPA particle filters, HEPA filters, ULPA high-performance filters, medium filters, tube filters without pressure loss, pre-filters, automotive interior filters, cake filters, crossflow filters, flexible filters, rigid filters, industrial filters, fleeces, backwash filters, water filters, precoat filters, room filters, bed filters, magnetic filters, graphene filters, Venturi washers, gas separators, gas scrubbers, SCR catalysts and OCR catalysts, and wherein the materials are selected from the group consisting of etched metals, sintered metals, metal foams, metal threads, metal wool, plastic fabrics, plastic foams, papers, cardboard, cellulose threads, cellulose fabrics, cellulose wools, lignin threads, lignin wools, lignin fabrics, natural fibers, natural wool, natural fiber fabrics, natural fiber, knitted fabrics, natural material foams, sponges, glass fibers, glass wool, glass frits, ceramic fibers, ceramic fabrics, ceramic wool, ceramic foams, boron fibers, stone fibers, and composite materials comprised of at least two of the aforementioned materials.
19. The filter system according to claim 15, wherein the filter system is equipped to be mounted vibration-free, airworthy, mobile and/or floatable.
20. The filter system according to claim 15, wherein (a) the at least one fluid connection is formed by at least one Venturi pipe section with a fluid permeable wall, which section adjoins the flow pipe and the wall of which has on the inside at least two annular adjusting plates inclined against the flow direction and acting according to the Venturi principle, wherein, as seen in the flow direction, are at least four openings located after each annular adjusting plate through which openings the fluids are dischargeable to at least one filter; or in the alternative, that (b) the at least one filter is of a smallest filterable particle size of 50 nm to 1000 nm and surrounds the at least one Venturi pipe section in the form of a cuff, which in turn is enclosed at a distance from at least one sleeve-shaped closed wall, so that at least one collecting gap for the filtered fluid is formed, wherein the at least one wall has at least one fluid connection with the outlet device for the discharge of the filtered fluids; or in the alternative, that (c) the at least one Venturi pipe section is surrounded by at least one cuff-like collecting gap, which is closed to the outside, for collecting and feeding the fluids through at least one collecting pipe to the at least one filter.
21. The filter system according to claim 20, wherein (a) fluid emerging from the at least one filter is collectible in the at least one collecting gap and is directly dischargeable through at least one outlet device and/or is traceable through at least one recirculation pipe and through at least one outlet opening into fluid flowing through the at least one extension of the at least one flow pipe; or in the alternative, and (b) the filtered fluid emerging from the at least one filter can be directly fed through at least one fluid connection to at least one outlet device and/or is traceable through at least one recirculation pipe and through at least one outlet opening into fluid flowing through the at least one extension of the at least one flow pipe.
22. The filter system according to claim 15, wherein the clear span of the at least one flow pipe and/or of the at least one wall-free flow area is narrowing steadily or suddenly, so that the dead volume of the fluids, which is free from suspended matter, is decreasing.
23. The filter system according to claim 15, wherein the suspended matter and particles can be channeled out of the at least one flow channel into at least one branch of the at least one flow pipe and/or of the at least one wall-free flow area before and/or after the at least one filter having a smallest filterable particle size of 50 nm to 1000 nm comprising shock waves and/or comprising standing longitudinal waves and their standing harmonics.
24. A filtration method, comprising: (I) fluids containing suspended matter having a particle size of from 400 pm to ≤500 μm are conveyed by at least one conveying device into and through at least one flow pipe and/or at least one wall-free flow area of the at least one conveying device through at least one flow channel with a volume flow of 10.sup.−2 mL/sec to 10.sup.5 mL/sec; (II) a standing acoustic ultrasonic field having a power level of 40 dB to 250 dB and an energy input into the at least one flow channel of at least 0.25 W to 1 kW is generated comprising ultrasonic waves of the frequency of 1 kHz to 800 MHz in the flowing fluids and/or in the objects fixed in the fluids flowing through the objects, whereby in the case of the at least one wall-free flow area the at least one ultrasonic field is generated by (i) at least two pairs of mutually associated and mutually opposing exciters or exciter-receivers of ultrasonic waves and/or by at least two pairs consisting of one exciter and/or exciter-receiver of ultrasonic waves and one associated and opposed reflector, wherein the imaginary connecting lines between the respective pairs intersect at an angle of 90°, and/or is generated by (ii) at least two centrally arranged exciters of ultrasonic waves, in the case of the at least one flow pipe, the at least one ultrasonic field is generated by (i) at least two pairs of mutually associated and mutually opposing exciters or exciter-receivers of ultrasonic waves and/or by at least two pairs consisting of one exciter and/or exciter-receiver of ultrasonic waves and one associated and opposed reflector, which pairs are arranged on the outside and/or on the inside and/or in the respective closed wall itself so that the imaginary connecting lines between the respective pairs intersect at an angle of 90°, and/or is generated by (ii) at least two centrally arranged exciters of ultrasonic waves, the at least one standing acoustic ultrasonic field is generated, monitored, modulated and stabilized by an electronic device for generating feedback loops, the fluids and the treated fluids are conveyed with a volume flow of 10.sup.−2 mL/sec to 10.sup.5 mL/sec by at least one conveying device conveying direction into and through the at least one flow pipe and/or into and through the at least one wall-less flow area and through at least one fluid connection of the at least one flow pipe and/or of the at least one wall-free flow area to at least one filter having a smallest filterable particle size of 50 nm to 1000 nm and being permeated by the fluids, and the flowing fluids with suspended matter of a particle size of 1 nm to ≤50 nm and a specific particle number (N/Vt) ≤20% and/or with suspended matter of a most penetrating particle size particle size ≥200 nm to ≤400 nm and a specific particle number (N/Vt) ≤20% as well as with suspended matter of a particle size ≥50 nm to ≤200 nm and a specific particle number (N/Vt) ≥80% and/or with suspended matter of a particle size ≥400 nm to 500 μm and a specific particle number (N/Vt) ≥80% are formed; (III) the fluids and the treated fluids are conveyed by at least one conveying device in conveying direction into and through the at least one flow pipe and/or into and through the at least one wall free flow area and through at least one fluid connection of the at least one flow pipe and/or of the at least one wall-free flow area to at least one filter having a smallest filterable particle size of 50 nm to 1000 nm and being permeated by the fluids, whereby the flowing fluids with suspended matter of particle sizes of 400 pm to ≤50 nm having a specific particle number (N/Vt) ≤20% and/or with suspended matter of most penetrating particle size particle sizes of ≥200 nm to ≤400 nm having a specific particle number (N/Vt) ≤20% and suspended matter of particle sizes of ≥50 nm to ≤200 nm having a specific particle number (N/Vt) ≥80% and/or with suspended matter with particle sizes, ≥400 nm 500 μm having a specific particle number (N/Vt) ≥80% are formed by condensation, aggregation, agglomeration, compression, separation, precipitation, impact, impaction, accretion and detachment, addition of particles of a particle size ≥400 nm to ≤500 μm and/or by concentration changes of constituents of the suspended matter; (IV) which suspended matter are separated from the flowing fluids by at least one filter, after which the filtrated fluids emerging from the at least one filter with at least one outlet device contain the suspended matter having specific particle numbers (N/Vt) below the respective detection limit and/or up to 0.1%, wherein N is particle number, V is volume in cubic meters, t is time in hours, and wherein the percentages given above are each based on the respective specific starter numbers (N/Vt) of the respective suspended matter being 100%; and/or (V) the suspended matter are channeled out of the at least one flow channel into at least one branch of the at least one flow pipe and/or of the at least one wall-free flow area before and/or after the at least one filter comprising shock waves and/or comprising standing longitudinal waves and their standing harmonics and are conveyed to at least one further filter and filtrated.
25. The method according to claim 24, wherein the fluids containing suspended matter include organic, inorganic and/or biogenic, gaseous, gel-like, liquid and/or solid suspended matter with a particle size of 400 pm to ≤500 μm and/or of other molecularly dispersed noxae from liquid, gel-like and/or gaseous fluids and/or for their chemical conversion in these fluids; wherein the fluids are selected from the group consisting of air, industrial gases, raw gases, medical gases, exhaust gases, water, waste water, organic solvents, solutions, edible oils, lubricating oils, gear oils, crude oils, foods, coolants, dispersions, suspensions and/or emulsions; wherein the suspended matter is selected from the group consisting of finely divided turbid matter, liquid waste, fermentation residues, animal waste, slurry, slaughterhouse waste, liquid manure, excrement, kitchen waste, biowaste, radioactive and non-radioactive, organic, inorganic, organic-inorganic and biogenic particles, cigarette smoke, cigar smoke, electric cigarette smoke, fiber materials, biogas plant waste, surface coating agents, varnish residues, sewage sludge, effluents, paints, varnishes, sealing materials, polymer waste, macromolecules, acid aerosols, mercury vapors, gas bubbles formed by cavitation in fluids, cells, organelles, blood cells, viruses and microorganisms, prions, spores, pollen, seeds, insect eggs, parts of insects, flour dusts, fine dusts that occur in road traffic, shipping and air traffic, welding, soldering, mechanical abrasion, leaks in systems, renovation work, the demolition of buildings, woodworking, stone methoding, plastic methoding and metalworking, laser cutting and the surface and underground mining of coal, minerals and metals as well as in building fires, forest fires, peat fires, fires in pipelines, crude oil production systems, natural gas production systems, mines, coal seams and chemical systems, mechanical and chemical decomposition, explosions, volcanic eruptions, reactor accidents and sandstorms; and wherein the molecularly dispersed noxae are selected from the group consisting of partially halogenated and perhalogenated organic compounds, sulfur dioxide, sulfur trioxide, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrocyanic acid, sulfur hexafluoride and other gaseous fluorides, NOx, nitrous gases, nitrous oxide, ammonia, amines, phosphines, phosgene, pseudohalogens, halogens, halogen oxides, peroxides, peroxide radicals, radioactive compounds and nuclides, oxygen radicals and ozone.
26. The method according to claim 24, wherein the fluids containing suspended matter are used for the coagulation of protein, for the production of blood plasma, for repressing of gels, for increasing the reaction rate of chemical reactions the destruction of microorganisms, the recycling as well as the cleaning, drying and/or cooling of room air, the recycling as well as the cleaning, drying and/or cooling of the air in air conditioning systems, fume cupboards, clean rooms, ultraclean rooms, personal locks and overpressure and vacuum chambers, the recycling as well as the for cleaning, drying and/or cooling of air, gases and liquids for human and veterinary use, the cleaning of cell cultures, the recycling as well as for the cleaning, drying and/or cooling of the atmosphere in manned spacecraft, the recycling and the purification, drying and/or cooling of the air in automobiles, trucks, buses, trains, ships, airplanes, animal barns and toilet facilities, the recycling and cleaning of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, the cleaning of the atmosphere, the collection of gaseous, solid and liquid terrestrial samples, the collection of atmospheric samples up to and in the stratosphere, the collection of gaseous, solid and liquid planetary and atmospheric samples on planets with an atmosphere, radioactive decontamination, the extraction of liquid water from the terrestrial atmosphere, the protection of filter membranes, water filters and gas filters from suspended matter, the dissolution and detachment of filter cake from filters and membranes as well as for the post-cleaning of exhaust gases from electric dust separators, venturi washers, optical separators, gas separators, gas washers, SCR catalysts, OCR catalysts and electrostats.
27. The method according to claim 24, wherein the fluids containing suspended matter are used for increasing the speed of chemical reactions, in and on dust protection curtains, in and on devices for clinical and extra-clinical intensive and respiratory care, in lower anesthesia devices, in and on devices for converting ammonia and NOx into nitrogen, in and on devices for the ventilation of clean rooms, ultraclean rooms, personal locks, fume cupboards, negative and positive pressure chambers, in and on gas masks and breathing masks, in and on devices to protect against viruses, microorganisms, insect eggs and insect parts, in and on devices, to protect against smog, VOG, car exhaust fumes, dust, aerosols and combustion gases, in and on cigarettes, cigars and electric cigarettes, in and on vacuum cleaners, in and on suction systems of welding torches, laser cutters and grinding devices, in and on the exhaust systems of combustion motors, in and on devices for protection against welding spatter, welding mist, spray paint overspray and dust explosions, in and on ventilation systems of animal stalls and toilet facilities and in devices, apparatus and systems for removing fine dust and noxious substances in the event of mechanical abrasion, in the event of leaks in systems renovation work, in woodworking, in stone working as well as in garbage incineration, building fires, forest fires, peat fires, fires of pipelines, crude oil production plants, natural gas production plants, mines, coal seams and chemical plants, mechanical and chemical decomposition, explosions, volcanic eruptions, reactor accidents and sandstorms, in and on aircrafts, in and on remote-controlled robotic vehicles for collecting dust samples on earth and on other celestial bodies with atmospheres and for radioactive decontamination, in and on plants for extraction of water from the atmosphere, in and on systems with electrical dust collectors and electrostats, in and on electrical appliances, washing machines, tumble dryers, refrigerators, vertical freezers and chest freezers, PCs, laptops, notebooks, iPads and servers, in and on plant-based air purifiers as well in and on passively drifting or powered surface and underwater swimming devices for collecting microplastics in sea water, in lakes and rivers.
28. A system comprising one or more elements selected from the group consisting of roads, bridges, buildings, squares, stadiums, air conditioning systems, clinics, medical devices, electronic devices, laboratories, labs-on-a-chip, clean room laboratories, power plants, incineration plants, chemical plants, gas separation plants, nuclear plants, means of locomotion by land, water, air, underground and under water and interior spaces of space stations, wherein the one or more elements include the filter system according to claim 15.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0116] In the following, the filter system 1 according to the invention, the filtration method according to the invention and their uses according to the invention are explained in more detail by way of example, with reference to the
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[0156] In the Direction of flow of the fluids
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
Preliminary Remark
[0502] For the sake of clarity, only the components essential to the invention are shown in the following
FIG. 1
Trial of Concept
[0503] Here and in the following, N denotes the particle number, V denotes the volume in cubic meter and t denotes the time in hours in the designation of the specific particle number N/Vt.
[0504] The percentages relating to the specific particle numbers N/Vt relate to the respective specific starter numbers N/Vt corresponding to 100%.
[0505] The filter system 1 comprised a device 2 for reducing the specific particle number N/Vt of fine dust particles 2.3.1 with particle sizes from 1 nm to 50 nm to more than 99% and for reducing the specific particle number N/Vt of fine dust particles 2.3.2 with MPPS (most penetrating particle size) ≥200 nm to ≤400 nm by more than 99% in the air, 2.2, so that air 2.2.1 resulted that contained the fine dust particles 2.3.1 and 2.3.2 with a specific particle number N/Vt of <0.1% each and dust particles 2.3.4 and 2.3.5 with the particle size of 800 nm to 300 μm with the specific particle number N/Vt >99.8.
[0506] The device 2 comprised flow tube 2.1 made of impact-resistant ABS (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer) having a length of 20 cm and a flow channel with a clear span 2.1.4 of 4 cm with a closed wall 2.1.1 with a thickness of 5 mm. Eight pairs of opposing piezoelectric ultrasonic exciters 2.4.1 of the type MCUSD14A40S0RS from multicomp (central frequency: 40 kHz; power level: 90 dB) were glued fluid-tight into the closed wall 2.1.1 with polydimethylsiloxane adhesive, so that the imaginary connecting line between each pair corresponded to the imaginary average line of the clear span 2.1.4. The piezoelectric ultrasonic exciters 2.4.1 had a circular outline with a diameter of 1.4 mm. They were arranged in a line at a distance of 15 mm from each other. The first pair of piezoelectric ultrasonic exciters 2.4.1 was at the distance of 5 mm from the start of the flow tube, seen in the conveying direction 2.5 of the flowing fluids 2.2, the last pair of piezoelectric ultrasonic exciters had a distance of 5 mm to the end of the flow tube 2.1, seen in the conveying direction 2.5 of the flowing fluids 2.2. In the same way, eight further pairs of opposing piezoelectric ultrasonic exciters 2.4.1 were embedded into the closed wall 2.1.1 so that their imaginary connecting lines intersected with the imaginary corresponding connecting lines of the other eight pairs 2.4.1 at an angle of 90°. The knots 2.4.4 of the standing ultrasonic waves 2.4.2 that were emitted by the crosswise arranged eight pairs were thus in the center of the flow tube 2.1. All piezoelectric ultrasound emitters 2.4.1 were embedded in the closed wall 2.1.1 in such a way that they aligned with the inner side 2.1.1.2 as planar as possible so that no undesired turbulence formed in the area of the essentially particle-free dead volume 2.4.6.
[0507] The standing ultrasonic waves were generated, monitored and adjusted by feedback loops using an electronic device.
[0508] Starting at 25 mm from the beginning of the flow tube 2.1, four sampling devices for extinction particle counters (not shown) were arranged in a line at the distance of 50 mm from each other. Devices from RR Reinraum ELEKTRONIK GmbH, Wiernsheim, were used. Furthermore, a so-called Luers-lock system for connection of a gravimetric high-precision microdoser 2.8 from MCP, France, was arranged at a distance of 75 mm from the end of the flow tube. With the aid of this metering device, particles 2.3.5 with particle sizes of >400 nm to 500 μm could be fed into the flowing fluid 2.2 containing the suspended matter 2.3. The nanoparticles and/or microparticles used were particles with a surface that particularly easily absorbed and/or adsorbed and/or attached to gases and liquids as well as other nanoparticles and microparticles and thus promoted the agglomeration of the particles, which agglomeration resulted in easily filterable flowing fluid 2.2 with a very low specific particle number N/Vt of MPPS particles 2.3.2 and fine dust particles. In this way, the particle size distribution of the collective of the fine dust particles 2.3.1, 2.3.2, 2.3.3 and 2.3.4 could be shifted to higher particle sizes as a whole.
[0509] Nanoparticles and microparticles of biochar, activated carbon, single-walled and multi-wall nanotubes, nanocones, fullerenes, zeolites, phyllosilicates, especially bentonites and aerogels were tested. Of these materials, nanoparticles and microparticles of biochar proved to be the most effective with regard to the uptake of noxious substances in the adhesion. And agglomeration of fine dust particles.
[0510] The particle size of the fine dust particles 2.3 in the flowing air 2.2 to be cleaned were determined with the aid of electron microscopic recordings and dynamic light scattering QELS (quasi elastic elastic light scattering). The particle size is of the collective ranged from 3 nm to 800 nm. The particle sizes showed an asymmetrical monomodal distribution with a maximum with a specific particle number N/Vt of 2×10.sup.7/m.sup.3.h at 350 nm. However, this particle size was exactly in the MPPS range of from ≥200 nm to ≤400 nm. The collective also had a specific particle number N/Vt of 2×10.sup.6/m.sup.3.h at the particle size of 50 nm and a specific particle size N/Vt of 2×10.sup.5/m.sup.3.h the particle size of 3 nm. This posed a particularly difficult filtration problem.
[0511] The fine dust particles 2.3 came from the abrasion of automobile tires on asphalt. Due to this, the composition was very homogeneous and included elastomer particles, carbon black particles, metal particles, filler particles, dye particles, pigment particles, smoke particles and asphalt particles. In addition, the air 2.2 contained certain molecularly dispersed noxae as are typical for car exhaust gases, such as NOx, sulfur dioxide, oxygen radicals, ozone and ammonia as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupling.
[0512] The air from a busy street contaminated in this way was sucked in during rush hour by a sound-insulated high-performance fan protected by a coarse filter and blown into the flow pipe 2.1 via a pre-filter 2.1.6. The course filter prevented larger parts such as leaves, shredded paper, cigarette filters, plastic parts and/or grains of sand from entering. The pre-filter 2.6.1 caught larger particles in the millimeter range. In the flow tube 2.1, the air had a flow velocity in the flowing direction 2.5.1 of about 7 m/s.
[0513] The standing ultrasonic waves 2.4.2 generated by the piezoelectric ultrasonic exciters 2.4.1 collected the majority of the fine dust particles 2.3 in the wave nodes 2.4.4. The sound pressure caused them to agglomerate and aggregate, thus increasing their particle size. A large part of the fine dust particles 2.3.1 with the particle size of 1 nm to ≤50 nm migrated into the antinodes in the direction of the inside 2.1.1.2 of the closed wall 2.1 and accumulated on the surface of the piezoelectric ultrasonic exciters 2.4.1. When particle sizes ≥50 nm (fine dust particles 2.3.2, 2.3.3, 2.3.4) were reached, the particles were detached again by the airflow 2.2 and collected again in the wave nodes 2.4.4. As a result of these dynamic methods, the conical area of the airflow 2.2, in which the fine dust particles 2.3.2, 2.3.3 and 2.3.4 were transported in the flow direction 2.5.1 narrowed so that a dead volume 2.3.5, which was depleted or free from fine dust particle 2.3.2, 2.3.3 and 2.3.4 was formed.
[0514] With the help of a gravimetric high-precision microdoser 2.8 from MCP, France, biochar particles 2.3.4 with a particle size of from 800 nm to 100 μm having a specific particle number N/Vt of 2.5×10.sup.4/m.sup.3.h were continuously metered into the center of the flow channel 2.4. They acted as anchor particles and increased the absorption and adsorption of noxious substances, and the aggregation and agglomeration of the dust particles 2.3.1, 2.3.2, 2.3.3 and 2.3.4. This resulted in a collective of particles with particle sizes 2.3.4 from 800 nm to 300 μm. The particle collective 2.3.4 had a bimodal distribution with two maxima at 1.2 μm and 150 μm and could already be removed from the airflow 2.2.1 with a medium filter 3 with an efficiency of 99.99%. For the purpose of filtration, the end of the flow tube 2.1 was provided with an external thread 2.1.7 with two turns which was used to establish the fluid connection 2.7 between the flow tube 2.1 at the opening 3.1 of the tubular filter housing 3.2 for the filter 3. The tubular filter housing 3.2 had a corresponding internal thread 3.1.1 in its opening 3.1, which encompass the external thread 2.1.7. The wall of the filter housing 3.2 also consisted of impact-resistant, scratch-resistant ABS with a thickness of 5 mm. This resulted in a clear span 3.1.2 of 50 mm. Seen in the flow direction 2.5.1, the tubular filter housing 3.2 was 100 mm long so that filter discs 3 with the thickness of 90 mm and a diameter of 50 mm could be inserted. For this purpose, the tubular filter housing 3.2 was removed from the filter system 1.
[0515] An internal thread 3.3.1 with two turns was arranged around the outlet opening 3.3 for the filtered fluid 2.2.2. The matching external thread 3.4.1 of the Venturi nozzle 3.4 was screwed into these internal thread 3.3.1. In the space in front of the narrowing of the Venturi nozzle 3.4, gas detection pumps and Drager tubes were used to examine whether noxious substances were still present in the filtered air 2.2.2. Furthermore, a particle counter from RR Reinraum ELEKTROTECHNIK GmbH, Wiernsheim, was used, to determine whether particles were still present. These measurements could also be carried out at the outlet nozzle, 3.5 of the Venturi nozzle 3.4.
[0516] The suction effect of the Venturi nozzle 3.4 supported the high-performance fan, with which the contaminated air 2.2 was sucked into the filter system.
[0517] The following filter materials were tested: [0518] High-performance particle filter (EPA=Efficient Particulate Air filter), smallest filterable particle size: 100 nm, [0519] High-performance particle filter (ULPA=Ultra Low Penetration Air filter), smallest filterable particle size: 50 nm, [0520] Medium filter, smallest filterable particle size: 300 nm, [0521] Pre-filter, smallest filterable particle size: 1000 nm, and [0522] Car interior filter, smallest filterable particle size: 500 nm.
[0523] The test results showed that in all cases, the concentration of the particles in the filtered air 2.2.2 was below the detection limit. In this sense, the filtered air 2.2.2 was free of particles.
[0524] The filter system 1 could be supplied computer controlled with electricity.
[0525] Surprisingly, noxious substances such as NOx, sulfur dioxide, ozone and ammonia could no longer be detected, which was once again confirmed by gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric measurements.
[0526] The air 2.2.2 purified in this way could even be used for clean rooms.
Further Embodiments of the Filter System 1 According to the FIG. 1
[0527] The filter system 1 according to
[0528] The following materials were used as the permeable object 2.6: [0529] Plastic membranes, [0530] plastic fabrics, [0531] textile fabrics, gauze, [0532] fiberglass fleece, [0533] needle felt, [0534] paper filters, [0535] ceramic filters, [0536] glass filters, [0537] sintered metal filters and [0538] open-cell foams.
[0539] These materials were also used in the form of particles 2.6, in particular spherical particles 2.6 with a particle size in the range of from 500 μm to 2 mm, with which the flow channel 2.4 was filled.
The Use as a Flow Reactor
[0540] The flow channel 2.4 of the filter system 1 according to
[0541] The abrasion or dust caused by the intensive movements of the catalyst particles with particle sizes of 500 nm to 900 nm was caught in the filter 3 and could be reprocessed. As a result, the olefin mixture 2.2.1 did not contain any suspended solids 2.3.
FIGS. 2 and 3
Filter System 1 with a Low Pressure-Loss
[0542] It was essential for the embodiment of the filter system 1 according to the
[0543] A projecting, annular reinforcement 3.7.3 with a horizontal length of 15 mm and a thickness of 5 mm was arranged around the inlet opening 3.7.4 as a carrier for the internal thread 3.7.2 at the end of the flow pipe 2.1, viewed in the flow direction 2.5.1, so that the fluid-type abutment edge 3.7.4.1 “Venturi pipe section 2.7.1//End edge of the wall 2.1.1 of the flow pipe 2.1” was formed. This way, the pressure-loss-free Venturi pipe section 2.7.1 had also a clear span of 40 mm.
[0544] At the end of the pressure loss-free Venturi pipe section 2.7.1, as viewed in the flow direction 2.5.1, there was also arranged a protruding, annular reinforcement 3.7.5.1 of a horizontal length of 15 mm and a thickness of 5 mm around its outlet opening 3.7.5. It was used to accommodate the internal thread 3.7.5.2, into which the external thread 2.1.2.1 was screwed around the inlet opening 2.1.2.2 of the extension 2.1.2. As a result, another fluid-type abutment edge 2.1.2.3 “Edge of the wall 2.1.2.4 of the extension 2.1.2//Venturi pipe section 2.7.1 without pressure loss” was formed. Therefore, the extension 2.1.2 also had a clear span of 40 mm. It was 120 mm long and blew the filtered air 2.2.2 into a cleanroom.
[0545] The removable part 3.8 of the device for removing the cuff-shaped filter 3.6 comprised the fluid connection of the chimney 3.9 to the recirculation pipe 2.7.5. The chimney 3.9 had a clear span of 30 mm and was arranged vertically and centrally on the horizontal part 3.7.1.2. Its longitudinal axis formed an angle of 90° with the longitudinal axis of the Venturi pipe section 2.7.1 free of a pressure loss. The length of the chimney 3.9 was 40 mm, and went into a pipe bend 2.7.5.1 with a clear span of 30 mm as a part of the recirculation pipe 2.7.5 for the filtered air 2.2.2. The pipe bend 2.7.5.1 of the recirculation pipe 2.7.5 bent vertically downwards at a distance of 40 mm from the vertical part 3.7.1.1 of the wall 3.7 (vertical part 2.7.5.2), broke through the wall 2.1.2.4 of the extension 2.1.2 in a fluid-tight manner and form a further bend 2.7.5.3 into the horizontal, so that the central axis of the horizontal part 2.7.5.4 of the recirculation pipe 2.7.5 was congruent with the longitudinal axis of the extension 2.1.2. The horizontal part 2.7.5.4 had a length of 30 mm and merged into the Venturi nozzle 2.7.5.1 as an outlet opening.
[0546] The removable part 3.8 of the device was 20 cm deep and had a rectangular floor plan. It was connected to the rest of the cylindrical housing 3.7.1 with the circumferential flange connection 3.8.1 with the elastomeric seal 3.8.1.1 made of polybutadiene. The circumferential flange connection 3.8.1 was fixed in a fluid-tight manner with clamps 3.8.1.2 encompassing the flange connection 3.8.1. When the removable part 3.8 of the device was removed, the used cuff-shaped filter 3.6 could be replaced by a fresh one.
[0547] The material of the cuff-shaped filter 3.6 wrapped itself practically seamlessly around the pressure loss-free Venturi pipe section 2.7.1. This was achieved in that the abutting edges of the filter material 3.6 were designed as a pin-and-groove connection 3.6.1. The vertical sides of the cuff-shaped filter 3.6 rested firmly against the vertical parts 3.7.1.1, so that the airflow 2.2.1 had to make its way through the filter 3.6. The filter 3.6 had a thickness of 50 mm. As a result, the circumferential collecting gap 2.7.6 with a clear span of about 10 mm was formed between the surface of filter material 3.6 and the horizontal part 3.7.1.2 of the wall. The collecting gap 2.7.6 was used to collect and feed the filtered air 2.2.2 to the chimney 3.9.
[0548] The pressure loss-free Venturi pipe section 2.7.1 had a fluid-permeable wall. 2.7.2. As seen in the flow direction 2.5.1, the first ring of an outlet openings 2.7.4 encircling the fluid-permeable wall had a diameter of 3 mm and was arranged 20 mm behind the abutting edge 3.7.4.1. The outlet openings 2.7.4 were spaced about 1 mm apart so that in the circumferential ring 31 outlet openings 2.7.4 were arranged one behind the other. The next nine rings of outlet openings 2.7.4 were arranged at a distance of 10 mm from one another, as seen in the flow direction 2.5.1. In front of the first circumferential ring of outlet openings 2.7.4, as seen in the flow direction 2.5.1, a first annular, circumferential adjustment plate 2.7.3 with a width of 20 mm was arranged at an angle of 60° against the flow direction 2.5.1. The additional nine adjustment plates were attached to their base 5 mm in front of the next ring of outlet openings 2.7.4. This configuration resulted in a flow channel 2.4 with a diameter of 10 mm.
[0549] By means of the adjustment plates 2.7.3, the particles 2.3.4 in the air 2.2.1 flowing at a speed of about 60 m/sec, with a particle size of 800 nm to 300 μm and a specific particle number N/Vt >99.8% were steered into the outlet openings and intercepted by the cuff-shaped filter 3.6. The airstream 2.2.2 freed from the particles 2.3.4 was passed through the extension 2.1.2 directly into a cleanroom.
[0550] The following filter materials were tested: [0551] Medium-filter, smallest filterable particle size: 300 nm, and [0552] Automobile interior filter, smallest filterable particle size: 500 nm.
[0553] The filtered air 2.2.2 which had flowed through the filter 3.6, entered the circumferential collecting gap 2.7.6, and was directed to the chimney 3.9 which was part of the recirculation pipe 2.7.5. The collected and recirculated filtered air 2.2.2 was introduced into the extension 2.1.2 as described above.
[0554] The air 2.2.2 purified in this way had a specific particle number of <0.04/m.sup.3.h.
[0555] The structure of the embodiment of the filter system 1 according to the
AB.
[0556] The filter system 1 could be supplied computer controlled with electricity.
FIG. 4 with FIGS. 2 and 3 (in Part)
Filter System 1 with a Low Pressure-Loss
[0557] The structure of the filter system 1 according to the
[0558] The filtered air 2.2.2 was blown into an air conditioning system via outlet opening 3.3, 3.4.
[0559] In a further embodiment, a coarse filter 3.2.3 was arranged on top of the filter 3, which caught any residues emerging from the filter 3 if necessary.
[0560] The coarse filter 3.2.3 was secured by the perforated plate 3.2.2.
FIGS. 5 and 6
Sterilizable Filter System 1 for Medical Devices
[0561] The filter system 1 according to the
[0562] The flow channel 2.4 had a square cross-section. Into its two horizontal closed walls 2.1.1 and its two vertical closed walls 2.1.1, 2 pairs of associated piezoelectric ultrasonic exciters 2.4 of the MCUSD14A40S0RS type from multicomp were glued-in fluid tight with polydimethylsiloxane adhesive so that they were exactly planar with the inside 2.1.1.2 of the closed wall 2.1.1 of the flow tube 2.1.
[0563] The filter system 1 according to
[0564] The filter systems 1 according to
[0565] The filter systems 1k-1n could be controlled and supplied with power using built-in chips and power packs.
[0566] With the ventilator or the anesthesia device 5, particularly critical cases of patients could be ventilated with high-purity ear, the risk of contamination with microorganisms and allergens being effectively eliminated. Another advantage of the filter system 1 according to the Figure was that it could be combined with customary and known inline humidification units (heat and moisture exchange units, HME) and/or active humidifiers so that patients could be ventilated with humidified air at body temperature.
FIG. 7
The Equipment of Exhaust Systems 4 with Filter Systems 1
[0567] To solve exhaust gas problems, high-temperature-stable filter systems 1 made of stainless steel, for example with the structure shown in the
[0568] The filter systems 1a to 1j could be supplied with power individually and computer-controlled from the vehicle's, electrics and electronics.
[0569] By means of such exhaust systems 4, the engine exhaust gases 2.2 could be cleaned to such an extent that they were practically free of suspended matter 2.3 and NOx and ammonia.
FIG. 8
Respiratory Protection Masks 6 with Filter Systems 1
[0570] The respirator protection masks 6 according to
[0571] In particular, the respiratory protection masks 6 provided an effective protection against infections with microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi and against infections with viruses.
FIG. 9 in Conjunction with the FIGS. 12 and 13
Barn Ventilation Chimney 7 with Filter Systems 1
[0572] The barn ventilation chimney 7 according to
[0573] According to the invention, frames or racks 10 similar to the
[0574] The individual filter system 1 in the frame 10 could be controlled individually electrically and electronically. For example, with low levels of ammonia-containing air 2.2, 2.3, i.e. when the cattle barn was only partially occupied, only the filter system 1 in one or two rack frames 10—for example, the rack frame 10 at the installation position 1o and/or the rack frame 10 at the installation position 1q—could be controlled and provided with electricity.
[0575] An additional advantage was that with the help of barn ventilation chimneys 7 the humidity in animal barns could be kept at a comfortable level for the animals.
FIG. 10
Thermally Insulated Barn Ventilation Chimney 8
[0576] In its construction, the thermally insulated barn ventilation chimney 8 according to the
FIG. 11
Circulating Air Cleaner 9 in the Animal Barn
[0577] The 5 m long circulating air cleaner 9 with a clear span of 1 m according to
[0578] Due to the circulating air cleaner 9, the concentration of suspended matter 2.3 and noxius substances, in particular, ammonia, in the barn could be kept permanently low. This protected the animals from infections so that they stayed healthy and grew faster. In addition, the humidity could be kept at a comfortable level for the animals.
FIGS. 12 and 13
The Rack Frame 10
[0579] The cylindrical rack frames 10 have already been described above in conjunction with
[0580] The rack frame 10 is preferably made of impact-resistant plastics such as ABS.
FIGS. 14 and 15
Box-Shaped Receiving Device 11 for the Rack Frame 10
[0581] In order to be able to install the box-shaped rack frame 10 according to the
[0582] The box-shaped receiving device 11 made it possible to easily replace the rack frame 10 if necessary.
FIG. 16 Conjunction with FIGS. 13 and 14
Barn Roof Hood
[0583] The barn roof hood 12 for animal barns and farms or in zoological gardens comprised a transparent light hood 12.1 with a centrally arranged exhaust gap 12.1.1, aluminum struts 12.2 arranged underneath with aluminum Z-purlins 12.3 and aluminum wind deflectors 12.4 with aluminum storm angles 12.5. The arrows 12.6 symbolize the airflows with their flow directions 2.5.1. This arrangement was connected with the roof material 12.7. At the installation positions 1w to 1z, appropriately dimensioned rack frames 10 with filter systems 1 according to
[0584] This was in particular a significant advantage for animal barns in zoological gardens that were located, for example, in cities.
FIGS. 17, 18 and 19
Fluid-Tight Assemblies 13 and Their Uses
[0585] In order to have particularly spatially variable arrangements 13 of filter systems 1 with standing and/or modulated ultrasonic waves and/or their harmonics 2.4.2, the fluid-tight two-sided arrangement 13 each provided with an exciter-receiver 2.4.1 for ultrasound (cf.
[0586] Several arrangements 13 were hung next to one another in the flow channel 2.4 at a Venturi support plate 13.5.1, so that the lower ultrasonic sources 2.4.1, as seen in the flow direction 2.5.1, emitted standing ultrasonic waves 2.4.2 between each other and that the upper ultrasonic sources 2.4.1, as seen in the flow direction 2.5.1, also emitted standing ultrasonic waves 2.4.2 between each other during the operation of the arrangement 13. Any number of further rows of arrangements 13 could be hung under this arrangement 13, which was suspended directly from the Venturi support plate 13.5, so that, as it were, a quipu configuration resulted. The bottom row of arrangements 13 could be attached to a fluid-tight grid with the lower hanging wires 13.4, so that the arrangements 13 did not change their spatial position in the flow channel 2.4 during operation.
[0587] The Venturi support plate 13.5.1 had Venturi funnel walls 13.5.2 with central fluid passages 13.5.11. The filter 3 was arranged above the Venturi support plate 13.5.1.
[0588] In this way, filter systems 1 with flow channels 2.4 of a width of 2 m and more and a height of 3 m and more could be built.
FIGS. 20, 21 and 22
Self-Sufficient, Vertical Water Extraction System 14 for Arid Areas
[0589] The self-sufficient, vertical water extraction system 14 comprised of vertical wooden pipe 14.1 with a length of 2 m and wall thickness of 15 mm made from two vertical halves of a pipe 14.1.1, which were fastened to one another with circumferential tongue-and-groove press-on fasteners 14.19. Each of the two vertical halves of a pipe 14.1.1 of the wooden pipe 14.1 could be provided with insulation made of, for example, cement foam (not shown). The vertical pipe 14.1 was surrounded at a distance of 100 mm by a circumferential vertical chimney wall 14.3 made of wood. The chimney wall 14.3 consisted of two vertical halves of a pipe 14.3.3, which abutted on two vertical abutting edges 14.3.2 and were also held together by tongue and groove press-on fasteners 14.19. The circumferential chimney wall 14.3 was connected to the wooden pipe 14.1 by the connecting struts 14.3.1. The connecting struts 14.3.1 had a circular outline could be removed by inserting them into the corresponding recesses in the wall of the vertical wooden tube 14.1 and in the surrounding chimney wall 14.3. On the outside of the chimney wall 14.3, a photovoltaic device 14.4, which had to abutting edges, could also be attached. With this configuration, the water extraction system 14 could be easily disassembled for maintenance. The arrangement of circumferential chimney wall 14.3 and wooden pipe 14.1 formed a circumferential chimney 14.5, in which air 2.2 flowed upwards. The lower end of the chimney wall 14.3 was expanded to form a circumferential entrance followed 14.5.1, which promoted the flow of air 2.2. The chimney 14.5 ran up to the removable protective roof 14.6, which protruded beyond the chimney wall 14.3 and thus suppressed the ingress of dust. The vertical wooden tube 14.1 reached up to 300 mm below the removable protective roof 14.6. The opening formed in this way was protected by a circumferential pre-filter 14.7.
[0590] The removable protective roof 14.6 carried a photovoltaic device 14.4 on its outer surface, which device was charged by the power pack 14.18.
[0591] The airflow 2.2, symbolized by the arrows 2, was sucked into the flow channel 2.4 and moved downwards by the horizontally arranged fan 14.11 operated by an electric motor fed by the power pack 14.18. In the flow channel 2.4, two rack frames 10 (in the instant case with a circular circumference; cf.
[0592] The water in the air 2.2 was condensed by the filter systems 1 to form water droplets 14.13 which dripped into the water collecting vessel 14.14 along the drip threads 14.12 made of polypropylene and were collected there. The water collecting vessel, 14.14 was supported on the circumferential retaining ring 14.10 with the aid of its support ring 14.15 which had circular holes. At its lowest point, the water collecting vessel 14.14 had a drainpipe 14.16 with a drain faucet 14.17 controlled by an actuator (not shown). The drain faucet 14.17 could be opened automatically with suitable electronic and mechanical actuators in order to discharge the water 14.13 into the water pipe 14.17.1 until he maximum level of the water 14.13 in the water collecting vessel 14.14 was reached, after which the drain faucet 14.17 could be closed again automatically. To control the actuator of the drain faucet 14.17, a float 14.23 rested on the surface of the water 14.13. When the water 14.13 had risen high enough, the float 14.23 touched the sensor and actuator 14.22, which opened the outlet 14.17.
[0593] The water collecting vessel 14.14 was stored on a perforated plate 14.21, the openings of which were fluidly connected to the openings of the support ring 14.15 so that the dry air 2.2.2 could flow out of the perforated plate 14.21. The arrangement with the water collecting vessel 14.14 was surrounded by an insulation 14.24 made of glass wool.
[0594] The self-sufficient vertical water extraction system 14.14 could be hung on a rod at a distance from the ground with the help of suitable holding devices. The holding devices and the rods (not shown) were designed to withstand sandstorms.
[0595] The self-sufficient vertical water extraction system 14 also supplied continuously clean drinking water in desert areas such as the Atacama Desert and the Namib Desert, in which fog forms at night due to the adjacent cold ocean currents.
FIGS. 23 and 24 24
Self-Sufficient, Horizontal Water Extraction System 15 Installed in a Slanted Position
[0596] The water extraction system 15, which was operated at times only by the wind (arrow W, main direction of the wind) had a length of 2 m and comprised a container 15.1 with a box-shaped cross-section measuring 1 m×1 m×1 m for the filter systems 1 according to the
[0597] The configuration is illustrated once again with the aid of
[0598] The self-sufficient, horizontal water extraction system 15 also provided continuously clean drinking water in desert areas such as the Atacama Desert and the Namib Desert, in which fog forms at night due to the adjacent cold ocean currents.
FIG. 25
Airworthy Equipped Filter System 1
[0599] The flying machine 16 according to
[0600] The filter systems 1 could also be used as the drives.
[0601] As a source of electric energy for the filter systems 1, batteries rechargeable batteries and power packs that can be recharged by photovoltaics and thermoelectric elements (TEE) with a radioactive energy source (not shown) could be used. Furthermore, the airworthy equipped filter systems 1 could be equipped with swiveling cameras and webcams (not shown).
[0602] The airworthy equipped filter systems 1 were used to clean the atmosphere. 2.2 of suspended matter. 2.3 and noxious substances that were generated in particular in building fires, forest fires, peat fires, explosions, volcanic eruptions, reactor accidents and sandstorms. They could also be used, to collect atmospheric samples up to and in the stratosphere. Last but not least, they could be used for radioactive decontamination.
[0603] The filters 3 could be exchange after landing, after which the filters, 3 were disposed off in accordance with regulations. Or they could be mechanically beaten and/or washed and dried and then reused, whereby the material that resulted from the beating and/or washing was also disposed off in accordance with regulations.
FIG. 26
Filter Systems 1 Equipped to be Airworthy
[0604] A remote-control drone 16.2 with four propellers, each of which was driven by an angle-adjustable electric motor as a drive 16.2.2 was used as the flying machine with its own drive 16.2. The energy sources mentioned in
[0605] The great advantage of the airworthy equipped filter system 1 according to the
FIG. 27
Mobile Equipped Filter System 1
[0606] The remote-controlled robot vehicle 17 with the filter system 1 according to the
[0607] The robot vehicle 17 had for individually controllable balloon wheels 17.1 on individual wheel suspensions which were driven by individually controllable electrical motors 17.2. The independent wheel suspensions were movable with the platform 17.3 and were connected without vibrations with the help of hydraulic shock absorbers. On the platform 17.3 was a control device 17.4 with computer, energy source and actuators 17.6 for the telescopic rods 17.7 movable in the X-Y-Z direction with the joints 17.8 of the filter system 1 and the six-sided headlight, night vision webcam and laser arrangement 17.11 also movable in the X-Y-Z direction.
[0608] The filter system 1 had, as seen in the flow direction 2.5.1, a collecting funnel 16.3, a perforated plate 9.6, a pre-filter 15.6, a Dyson 16.4 and a device 2 with a device 2.8 with a corresponding storage vessel 2.8.1, with the help of which device 2.8 particles 2.3.4 with a particle size >400 nm to 500 μm were metered into the flow channel 2.4. The filter system 1 also had in the filter housing 3.2 the filters 3a to 3e with different separating effects from the μm range to the nanometer range arranged one behind the other in the flow direction 2.5.1. This was followed by an analyzing unit 17.10, which, depending on the version, was equipped with spectrometers, gas chromatographs, Geiger counters, particle measuring devices and mass spectrometers. The data obtained were transmitted via the flexible data lines 17.9 to the connection strip 17.9.1 on the unit 17.4 and evaluated therein by the computers.
[0609] The unit 17.4 had two arrangements 17.4.1 in the corners, each for a forward headlight, a mobile webcam and laser. Moreover, it also had two opposing arrangements 17.4.2, each with a side headlight, a laser and an extendable webcam as well as two opposing sidelights 17.4.3. Against the direction of travel, two arrangements 17.4.4 with reverse headlights, laser and extendable webcam were also installed in the corners. Last but not least, the unit 17.4 had front look-down headlight and a front extendable webcam 17.4.5 as well as a corresponding rear look-down headlight and a rear extendable webcam 17.4.6.
[0610] A flexible, extendable gripper 17.5 and the transmitter and receiver 17.12 with a parabolic antenna 17.12.1 movable in the X-Y-Z direction and a decoder and a memory 17.12.2 were also arranged on the unit 17.4.
FIG. 28
Electrostatic or Plate Electrostatic Precipitator with a Vibration-Free Mounted Filter System 1 According to FIG. 1
[0611] On an electrostatic device 18 of the usual and known design with a wire electrode 18.1, spray electrodes 18.2 and a separation electrode 18.5, an electrically insulated wall 18.7, an electrically insulated pre-filter and an electrically insulated perforated plate 18.8, a filter system 1 according to
[0612] However, it was found that the dust in the nanometer range, in particular the respirable nanoparticles, escaped from the electrostatic device 18. However, they could be intercepted in the filter system 1 with 99.9% effectiveness, so that air 2.2.2 free of suspended matter 2.3 and noxious substances left the system.
FIGS. 29 29 and 29 29A
Filter System 1 with a Low Pressure Drop
[0613] Air 2.2 contaminated with suspended matter 2.3 was sucked into a 50 cm long flow tube 2.1 with a clear span of 5 cm as described in conjunction with
[0614] In the flow pipe 2.1, the air 2.2.3 passing through the superposition 2.4.2U was discharged via the outlet pipe 3.10. The air 2.2.3 had only 0.1% of the originally present particles 2.3.4.
[0615] The filter system 1 according to the
FIGS. 30 and 30A
Filter System 1 with a Shockwave Generator 2.4.1S
[0616] The structure of the flow tube 2.1 of the filter system 1 according to the
[0617] The filtered air 2.2.2 emerged from the exit 3.10 and contained the particles 2.3.4 in a specific particle number N/Vt below the detection limit. The fluid 2.2.4 cleaned by the shock waves 2.4.2S and exiting via the second outlet pipe 3.10 had only 0.01% of the originally present particles 2.3.4.
FIGS. 31 and 31 a
Filter System 1 with Transverse Ultrasonic Waves 2.4.2T
[0618] In a 60 cm long flow tube 2.1, six pairs of opposing sound sources 2.4.1 for transverse ultrasonic waves 2.4.2T on the one hand and reflectors 2.4.3 on the other hand were fastened one behind the other on the inside 2.1.1.2 of the closed wall 2.1.1 in the flow direction 2.5.1.
[0619] The advantage of this filter system 1 was that it was suitable for cleaning particularly polluted air 2.2; 2.3.
FIGS. 32 and 32a
Filter System 1 with Transverse Ultrasonic Waves 2.4.2T
[0620] In a 60 cm long flow tube 2.1 with the clear span of 5 cm, twelve ultrasonic exciters 2.4.1 for transverse ultrasonic waves 2.4.2T which are arranged one behind the other, as viewed in the flow direction 2.5.1, at the distance of 4 cm each.
FIG. 33
Self-Sufficient Fresh Air Tree 19
[0621] For reasons of weight, the fresh air tree 19 consisted essentially of anodized aluminum and had the height of 5.5 m from the surface of the ground 19.8. The largest disc 19.5.1, which was slightly inclined towards the ground 19.8 encircled the hollow support tube 19.7 (“trunk”), was colored leaf-green and had a surrounding leaf-green drip edge 19.2 and a diameter of 2 m. The additional leaf-green colored discs 19.5.1 with a circumferential leaf-green drip edge 19.2 had any desired smaller diameters.
[0622] The trunk 19.7 of the clear span of 30 cm had a dark brown paint with a bark structure and was anchored on length of 2 m in the area 19.7.1 in the ground 19.8. After trunk height of 2.5 m, the outlet area 19.5 for the clean air 2.2 was fixed with a precisely fitting plug-in fastening 19.6. The outlet area 19.5 had six discs 19.5.1 arranged one above the other, between which the cleaned air 2.2.2 emerged from vertical slots.
[0623] The filter system 1 with ultrasonic exciters 2.4.1 and standing ultrasonic waves 2.4.2 as well as with filters 3b (smallest filterable particle size, 400 nm) and 3a (smallest filterable particle size 1 μm) was fixed in an exchangeable manner on the outlet area 19.5 (the device for changing the filters is not shown). For the sake of appearance, three discs 19 5.1 were also arranged one above the other in the area of the filter system 1.
[0624] The intake area 19.4 for the air 2.2 with the suspended matter 2.3 was located above the filter system 1. The air 2.2; 2.3 was sucked-through vertical slots protected by mosquito nets as suction openings with the help of a fan 7.4 operated by an electric motor.
[0625] Above the intake area 19.4, a disk-shaped, leaf-green colored cover 19.1, on which a photovoltaic system 14.4 supplying a power pack 14.18 with electricity, was attached.
[0626] In order to reinforce the natural impression of the fresh air tree 19, dark brown branch structures could be painted or embossed into the discs.
[0627] The self-sufficient fresh air tree was ideally suited to be set up in busy squares and along, busy roads in order to efficiently supply the area with purified air 2.2.2.
FIG. 34
Plant Pot as an Air Purifier
[0628] The plant pot 20 comprised a pot 20.2 made of plastic, in which a plant 20.1 with tubers 20.1.1 and roots 20.1.2 grew in the plant soil 20.3. The part 20.2 had a root-permeable base, through which the root system 20.1.2 emerged into a cavity as the flow channel 2.4. The pot 20.2 was stored in a plastic cache pot or planter 20.5 with the aid of support pins 20.4. Thereby, the support pins 20.4.1 with a semicircular cross-section were attached to the inside of the planter 20.5, wherein the corresponding support pins 20.4.2 with a circular cross-section which were mounted on the outside of the pot 20.2 were engaged. With this arrangement, a circumferential air duct was formed between the pot 20.2 and the inside of the planter 20.5, through which air duct 20.6 contaminated air 2.2; 2.3 was sucked in. The air duct 20.6 contained several ultrasonic exciters 2.4.1, which were fastened by brackets 20.5.1 opposite to one another and between which horizontal, standing ultrasonic waves 2.4.2 with at least two wave nodes 2.4.4 were formed. The resulting fluid 2.2.1 was sucked through a biochar filter or VOC filter 20.7 and freed from volatile organic compounds. Below the biochar filter 20.7, a horizontally mounted inlet pipe 2.5.2 was located which led to a battery-operated fan as a conveyor device 2.5, which sucked-in the fluid 2.2.1 and conveyed it to filter 3 with the smallest filterable particle size of 400 nm. Behind the filter 3, the cleaned air 2.2.2 emerged through the outlet pipe into the environment.
[0629] The plant pots 20 could be varied widely in terms of their sizes, their colors and their plants 20.1 and could thus be adapted to the spatial and decorative conditions in an excellent manner. In addition, plants 20.1 could be used that were able to absorb pollutants from the air and to release larger amounts of oxygen into the environment. The overall result was a “green” cleaning of the air in the room.
FIG. 35
Plant Pot as an Air Purifier
[0630] The plant pot 20 according to
[0631] The plant pots 20 according to