CONJUGATES ENHANCING TOTAL CELLULAR ACCUMULATION

Abstract

The present description relates to a conjugated compound an antibody covalently linked to enhancer moiety composed by a nuclear localization sequence (NLS), covalently linked to a sterol variant, such as cholic acid (ChAc) or a variant thereof. The enhancer moiety as encompassed herein is able to induce endosome escape of the compound-conjugates by direct membrane destabilization or indirectly by ROS and ceramide production which destabilize endosome-lysosome membrane. The conjugated compound can further comprise payload.

Claims

1.-20. (canceled)

21. A conjugated compound comprising an antibody or an epitope-binding fragment thereof, covalently linked to a peptide comprising a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) other than the SV40 NLS set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1, said peptide covalently linked to a bile acid.

22. The conjugated compound of claim 21, wherein the NLS comprises a monopartite NLS.

23. The conjugated compound of claim 21, wherein the NLS comprises a bipartite NLS.

24. The conjugated compound of claim 21, wherein the NLS comprises a non-classical NLS, wherein the non-classical NLS comprises a hydrophobic and basic PY-NLS.

25. The conjugated compound of claim 21, wherein the nuclear localization signal comprises a/an: PQBP1 NLS (SEQ ID NO: 2), hnRNPA1 NLS (SEQ ID NO: 3), GWG-SV40 NLS (SEQ ID NO: 4), NLS2 RPS1 (SEQ ID NO: 5), NLS1 RPS17 (SEQ ID NO: 6), NLS3 RPS17 (SEQ ID NO: 7), nucleoplasmin NLS (SEQ ID NO: 8), cMyc NLS (SEQ ID NO: 9), TUS NLS (SEQ ID NO: 10), hnRNP D NLS (SEQ ID NO: 11), hnRNP M NLS (SEQ ID NO: 12), HuR NLS (SEQ ID NO: 13), or NLS2-RG RPS17 (SEQ ID NO: 14).

26. The conjugated compound of claim 25, wherein the NLS comprises a variant of the NLS of any one of SEQ ID NOs: 2-14, wherein the variant has nuclear localization activity.

27. The conjugated compound of claim 21, wherein the bile acid comprises: cholic acid (CA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), glycocholic acid (GCA), glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), or glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA).

28. The conjugated compound of claim 21, wherein the bile acid comprises a variant of CA, DCA, CDCA, LCA, UDCA, GCA, GCDCA, GDCA, or GUDCA, wherein the variant triggers ceramide accumulation on the inner leaflet of endosomes and/or triggers increased acid sphingomyelinase (ASM)-mediated cleavage of sphingomyelin to form ceramide.

29. The conjugated compound of claim 21, wherein the bile acid comprises a primary bile acid.

30. The conjugated compound of claim 21, wherein the bile acid comprises a secondary bile acid.

31. The conjugated compound of claim 21, wherein epitope-binding fragment comprises Fv, F(ab′), or F(ab′).sub.2.

32. The conjugated compound of claim 21, further comprising a payload covalently linked to the antibody or epitope-binding fragment thereof.

33. The conjugated compound of claim 32, wherein the payload comprises or consists of a radionuclide.

34. The conjugated compound of claim 33, wherein the radionuclide is at least one of .sup.47Sc, .sup.51Cr, .sup.52mMn, .sup.55Co, .sup.58Co, .sup.52Fe, .sup.56Ni, .sup.57Ni, .sup.61Cu, .sup.62Cu, .sup.64Cu, .sup.67Cu, .sup.66Ga .sup.68Ga, .sup.67Ga, .sup.72As, .sup.77As, .sup.89Zr, .sup.90Y, .sup.94mTc, .sup.99mTc, .sup.97Ru, .sup.105Rh, .sup.109Pd, .sup.111Ag, .sup.110In, .sup.111In, .sup.113mIn, .sup.114mIn, .sup.117mSn, .sup.121Sn, .sup.127Te, .sup.142Pr, .sup.143Pr, .sup.149Pm, .sup.151Pm, .sup.149Tb, .sup.153Sm, .sup.157Gd, .sup.161Tb, .sup.166Ho, .sup.165Dy, .sup.169Er, .sup.169Yb, .sup.175Yb, .sup.172Tm, .sup.177Lu, .sup.186Re, .sup.188Re, .sup.191Pt, .sup.197Hg, .sup.198Au, .sup.199Au, .sup.201Tl, .sup.203Pb, .sup.211At, .sup.212Bi, .sup.213Bi, .sup.11C, .sup.75Br, .sup.76Br, .sup.77Br, .sup.82Br, .sup.18F, .sup.120I, .sup.123I, .sup.124I, .sup.125I, .sup.131I, .sup.89Sr, or .sup.225Ac.

35. The conjugated compound of claim 32, wherein the payload comprises a small molecule toxin.

36. The conjugated compound of claim 32, wherein the payload comprises a chemotherapeutic agent.

37. The conjugated compound of claim 36, wherein the chemotherapeutic agent comprises a microtubule disrupting agent, a DNA targeting agent, an RNA polymerase inhibitor, a topoisomerase inhibitor, or a DNA alkylated agent.

38. The conjugated compound of claim 32, wherein the payload comprises an imaging molecule.

39. The conjugated compound of claim 38, wherein the imaging molecule comprises a fluorescence molecule or a radionuclide.

40. A method for treating cancer in a subject, the method comprising: (a) providing the conjugated compound of claim 32, wherein the antibody or epitope-binding fragment thereof specifically binds to an epitope expressed on the subject's cancer cells, and wherein the payload comprises a chemotherapeutic agent; and (b) administering the conjugated compound to the subject.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings.

[0047] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic representation of the conjugated compound encompassed herein wherein the antibody (ligand) is the central component on which the enhancer composed by a nuclear localisation signal (NLS) chemically linked to a sterol derivative and payload are covalently linked thereto.

[0048] FIG. 2 illustrates graphics of cytotoxicity assay of Accum-TDM1 variants.

[0049] FIG. 3 illustrates graphics of cytotoxicity assay of Accum-T-deruxtecan variants.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] It is provided a novel design of compound-conjugates specific against rapidly internalizing receptors to link endosome escape and enhanced cellular uptake. More specifically, it is provided a conjugated compound comprising an antibody covalently linked to enhancer moiety composed by a nuclear localization sequence (NLS), covalently linked to a sterol variant, such as cholic acid (ChAc) or a variant thereof. The enhancer moiety as encompassed herein is able to induce endosome escape of the compound-conjugates by direct membrane destabilization or indirectly by ROS and ceramide production which destabilize endosome-lysosome membrane.

[0051] Accordingly, it is provided a conjugated compound comprising an antibody covalently linked to a nuclear localization sequence (NLS), said NLS covalently linked to a sterol variant, excluding ChAc-SV40 large T antigen NLS (SEQ ID NO: 1).

[0052] It is known that each bile acid can have different impact on drug formulation and not result in an increase in bioavailability and delivery to specific tissues. Furthermore, the SV40 large T antigen sequence is not predictable for any other NLW sequence as it is not evident that other combination will acquire the desired intracellular and nuclear delivery activity.

[0053] In an embodiment, the conjugated compound further comprises a payload covalently linked to the antibody.

[0054] In an embodiment, the sterol variant can be positioned as provided herein on the C terminal or N terminal portion of the conjugated compound.

[0055] It is thus provided a composition comprising the conjugated compound as described herein, a payload, and a carrier.

[0056] It is provided for example a conjugated compound that escape from entrapment inside the endosome-lysosome system followed by translocation to the nucleus.

[0057] Example of conjugated compounds include, and not limited to, an antibody, an oligonucleotide, an antisense, a drug, or an siRNA molecule, and not excluded are any small molecule or biological for which it has an intracellular target, that cannot penetrate mammalian membranes.

[0058] In an embodiment, the antibody is a monoclonal or polyclonal antibody.

[0059] In an embodiment, the antibody is a monospecific, bispecific or multispecific antibody.

[0060] In another embodiment, the antibody is a mouse antibody, a goat antibody, a human antibody or a rabbit antibody, or a humanized antibody.

[0061] Also encompassed herein, the antibody might comprise an epitope binding fragment such as for example Fv, F(ab′), and/or F(ab′).sub.2.

[0062] In an embodiment, it is encompassed the attachment of a sterol variant. The term “variant” in regards to a sterol variant is well known. Bile acids core is based on sterol molecule. Cholic acid is a primary bile acid which is synthesized in liver cells, which is further processed to produce secondary primary bile acids or variant of cholic acid such as for example deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid or lithocholic acid. A cholic acid variant as encompassed herein can be deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, and/or glycoursodeoxycholic acid.

[0063] It is the conjugation of the NLS and ChAC (ChAcNLS) which allows efficient endosome escape and nuclear localization of the antibody. Bile acids trigger enzyme acid sphingomyelinase to cleave sphingomyelin which is abundantly present on the inner leaflet of endosomes. Increased amounts of ceramide destabilize membranes by forming channels or lipid flip-flop sufficient for proteins to cross, and thus the linkage of ChAc to the NLS enables the mAbs to efficiently localize in the nucleus as demonstrated in the present application by increasing potency of antibody conjugates and further explored in the enclosed. Thus the efficiency of the conjugated compound to localize to the nucleus does not depend only on the sequence of the NLS, but also on its conjugation to a biliary acid such as ChAc for inducing its escape from endosome/lysosome entrapment.

[0064] It is thus disclosed a conjugated compound comprising an antibody covalently linked to a nuclear localization sequence (NLS), said NLS covalently linked to cholic acid (ChAc) or a variant thereof, said NLS being a classical nuclear localization sequence (mono-bipartite), a hydrophobic PY-NLS or a basic PY-NLS, nucleolar localization signal, excluding ChAc-SV40NLS.

[0065] As encompassed herein, the NLS conjugated can be a classical nuclear localization sequence. Alternatively, also encompassed is a hydrophobic PY-NLS and basic PY-NLS. In an embodiment, the NLS is PQBP1 NLS (SEQ ID NO: 2), hnRNPA1 (SEQ ID NO: 3), GWG-SV40 NLS (SEQ ID NO: 4), NLS2 RPS1 (SEQ ID NO: 5), NLS1 RPS17 (SEQ ID NO: 6), NLS3 RPS17 (SEQ ID NO: 7), nucleoplasmin NLS (SEQ ID NO: 8), cMyc NLS (SEQ ID NO: 9), TUS NLS (SEQ ID NO: 10), hnRNP D NLS (SEQ ID NO: 11), hnRNP M NLS (SEQ ID NO: 12), HuR NLS (SEQ ID NO: 13), and/or NLS2-RG RPS17 (SEQ ID NO: 14).

[0066] As further encompassed, the NLS can be the SV40NLS conjugated to a sterol variant other than ChAc, such as e.g. deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, lithocholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, or glycoursodeoxycholic acid.

[0067] The 13-mer peptide (CGYGPKKKRKVGG; SEQ ID NO:1) that is non-cell penetrating and harbors a segment of the classical NLS (underlined) from SV-40 large T-antigen has been conjugated previously to the anti-CD123 (IL-3Rα) antibody (7G3) and its chimeric version (CSL360) (Leyton et al., 2011, J Nucl Med, 52: 1465-1473). NLS-7G3 and NLS-CSL360 transporting conjugated indium-111 (.sup.111In) were used to evaluate for their ability to route to the nucleus. Eventhough the presence of the NLS sequence, the proportion of radioactivity delivered in the nucleus was very low whereas the majority of the radioactivity remained on the cell surface or in the cytoplasm (Zerashkian et al., 2014, Nucl Med Biol, 41: 377-383). Thus .sup.111In-NLSCSL360 remained trapped within the endosome.

[0068] It was disclosed in WO2017/156630, the content of which is incorporated herein in its entirety, the coupling of cholic acid which was coupled to the peptide CGYGPKKKRKVGG (SEQ ID NO:1) containing a segment of the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) from SV40 large T antigen.

[0069] As provided herewith, conjugated (“Accum”) peptide variants as listed in Table 1 where synthesized following the method described in WO2017/156630. In a single tube, at least 2 mg of TDM1 for each Accum peptide variant conjugation were pooled. For example, if 10 Accum peptide variant conjugation reactions are prepared at the same time, 20 mg of TDM1 were aliquoted in a single tube. Tenfold excess of SM(PEG)4 crosslinker were added and incubated at RT for 1 h. Following first 1 h step reaction, at least 2 mg of TDM-PEG4-maleimide were aliquot in different tubes for the second step reaction, Accum peptide variant addition. Tenfold excess of selected Accum peptide variant were added in each tube reaction for 1 h at RT or O/N at 4 C. Unreacted crosslinker and Accum peptide variant were removed by G25 Sephadex and 100 kDa cut-off filter. Accum-TDM1 variant low DAR constructs were passed through 0.22 um filter to remove all potential aggregation or contamination.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 List of tested classical NLS and PY-NLS peptides conjugated to T-DM1 or T- Deruxtecan. Named Sequence NLS named Type NLS CA-C-SV40NLS cholic acid-C- SV40 NLS Classical NLS GYGP VGG-nh2 SEQ ID NO: 1 C-SV40NLS-CA C-GYGPKKKRKVGG- -NH2 SV40NLS-C-CA GYGPKKKRKVGG-C- -NH2 CDCA-C-SV40NLS chenodeoxycholic acid-C- GYGP VGG-nh2 DCA-C-SV40NLS Deoxycholic acid-C- GYGP VGG-nh2 LCA-C-SV40NLS Lithocholic acid-C- GYGP VGG-nh2 UDCA-C-SV40NLS Ursodeoxycholic acid- C-GYGP VGG- nh2 GCA-C-SV40NLS Glycocholic acid-C- GYGP VGG-nh2 GCDCA-C-SV40NLS Glycochenodeoxycholic acid-C- GYGP VGG-nh2 GDCA-C-SV40NLS Glycodeoxycholic acid-C- GYGP VGG-nh2 LCA-C-PQBP1 Lithocholic acid-C- PQBP1 NLS Hydrophobic and ADREEGKERRHHRREE basic PY-NLS LAPY-NH2 GUDCA-C-PQBP1 GlycoUrsodeoxycholic acid-C- ADREEGKERRHHRREE LAPY-NH2 CA-C-hnRNPA1 cholic acid-C- hnRNPA1 Hydrophobic PY-NLSs M9NLS SNFGPMKGGNFGGRS and basic PY-NLS SGPY-NH2 CA-C-GWG-SV40NLS cholic acid-C- GWG-SV40 NLS Classical NLS GWWGYGP VG GWWG-NH2 CA-C-NLS2-RSP17 cholic acid-C- NLS2 RPS17 Classical NLS NKRVCEEIAIIPSKKLRN K-NH2 GCDCA-C-NLS2- Glycochenodeoxycholic RSP17 acid-C- NKRVCEEIAIIPSKKLRN K-NH2 LCA-C-NLS2-RSP17 Lithocholic acid-C- NKRVCEEIAIIPSKKLRN K-NH2 CA-C-NLS1 RPS17 Cholic acid-C- NLS1 RPS17 Classical NLS (1-13) MG V T TV AAGG- nh2 CA-C-NLS3-RPS17 cholic acid-C- NLS3 RPS17 Classical NLS (43-61) SKKLRNKIAGYVTHLM KRI-NH2 CA-C-nucleoplasmin Cholic acid-C- nucleoplasmin NLS Classical NLS NLS AV PAAT AGQA LD-nh2 CA-cMyc NLS Cholic acid-C- cMyc NLS Classical NLS GYGPAA V LDGG- nh2 CA-TUS NLS Cholic acid-C- TUS NLS Classical NLS GYG L I PV GG- nh2 CA-C-hnRNP D NLS Cholic acid-C- hnRNP D NLS Hydrophobic PY-NLSs SGYGKVSRRGGHQNS and basic PY-NLS YKPY-nh2 CA-C-hnRNP M NLS Cholic acid-C- hnRNP M NLS Hydrophobic PY-NLSs NEKRKEKNIKRGGNRF and basic PY-NLS EPY-nh2 CA-C-HuR NLS Cholic acid-C- HuR NLS Hydrophobic PY-NLSs GRFSPMGVDHMSGLS and basic PY-NLS GVNVPG-nh2 CA-NLS2-RG RSP17 Cholic acid-C- NLS2-RG RPS17 Nucleolar localization NKRVCEEIAIIPSKKLRN signal (classical NLS + KGSGRIQRGPVRGIS- RG domain) nh2

[0070] Following synthesis of the Accum construct described hereinabove, cytotoxicity assay were conducted. In Day 0, 5000 of JIMT-1 cells were plated per well in 96 well plate. In Day 1, cells were treated with TDM1 or with each Accum-TDM1 variants at concentration between 0-100 ug/ml. Cells were incubated for 72 h at 37 C. To determine cell viability, Prestoblue assays were used according to manufacturer protocol.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Cytotoxicity of Accum-TDM1 variants at 0.1 ug/ml and 1 ug/ml TDM1- bile acid-SV40 variants TDM1- TDM1- TDM1- TDM1- TDM1- TDM1- TDM1- concentration TDM1- TDM1- CDCA- DCA- LCA- UDCA- GCA- GCDCA- GDCA- (ug/ml) TDM1 CA-SV40 SV40-CA SV40 SV40 SV40 SV40 SV40 SV40 SV40 0.10 0.95 0.69 0.88 0.71 0.72 0.88 0.76 0.66 0.87 0.80 1.00 0.66 0.29 0.59 0.35 0.38 0.38 0.55 0.44 0.53 0.58 TDM1- CA-NLS variants concentration TDM1-CA- TDM1-CA- TDM1- TDM1- TDM1-CA- TDM1-CA- TDM1-CA- TDM1- (ug/ml) TDM1 GWG-SV40 nucleoplasmin CA-cMyc CA-TUS hnRNPA1 hnRNPD hnRNPM CA-Hur 0.10 0.95 0.79 0.70 0.75 0.77 0.76 0.72 0.85 0.71 1.00 0.66 0.49 0.39 0.35 0.36 0.64 0.28 0.31 0.37 TDM1- bile acid-NLS variants TDM1- TDM1- TDM1- TDM1- TDM1-CA- TDM1- TDM1- TDM1- concentration CA-NLS1 CDCA-NLS1 CA-NLS2 LCA-NLS2 NLS2-RG GCDCA-NLS2 LCA- GUDCA- (ug/ml) TDM1 RPS17 RPS17 RPS17 RPS17 RPS17 RPS17 PQBP1 PQBP1 0.10 0.95 0.70 0.89 0.86 0.67 0.81 0.74 0.89 1.07 1.00 0.66 0.26 0.51 0.48 0.22 0.46 0.25 0.40 0.40

[0071] As seen in FIG. 2 and Table 2, each Accum variant construct increase the cytotoxicity of TDM1. At concentration of 0.1 ug/ml and 1 ug/ml of TDM1, only 5% and 34% of cell death was respectively observed but with the Accum-TDM1 constructs the cytotoxicity increase between 11-34% at 0.1 ug/ml and between 36%-88% of cell death (Table 2). In FIG. 2, it is clearly observed that a higher concentration of TDM1 is needed to induce cell death at the same efficacy than Accum-TDM1 contructs. In resume, each Accum variant low DAR constructs (1-3 Accum moiety per antibody) increase the cytotoxicity of TDM1 by a factor between 2-10.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Cytotoxicity of Accum-T-deruxtecan variants at 0.001 ug/ml and 0.1 ug/ml T-Deruxtecan- bile acid-NLS variants T-Deruxtecan- T-Deruxtecan- concentration T-Deruxtecan- T-Deruxtecan- T-Deruxtecan- T-Deruxtecan- CA- CA-NLS1 T-Deruxtecan- (ug/ml) T-Deruxtecan CA-SV40 CDCA-SV40 GCA-SV40 CA-Hur nucleoplasmin RPS17 CA-hnRNPD 0.001 0.87 0.73 0.83 0.73 0.79 0.79 0.84 0.63 0.1 0.54 0.47 0.51 0.49 0.43 0.46 0.55 0.43

[0072] As seen in FIG. 3 and Table 3, each Accum variant construct increase the cytotoxicity of T-deruxtecan. At concentration of 0.001 ug/ml and ug/ml of 0.1 T-deruxtecan, only 87% and 54% of cell death was respectively observed but with the Accum-T-deruxtecan constructs the cytotoxicity increase between 63-84% and between 43-51% of cell death respectively (Table 3). In FIG. 3, it is clearly observed that a higher concentration of T-deruxtecan is needed to induce cell death at the same efficacy than Accum-T-deruxtecan constructs. In resume, each Accum variant low DAR constructs (1-3 Accum moiety per antibody) increase the cytotoxicity of T-deruxtecan by a factor between 2-10.

[0073] Accordingly, it is provided an antibody, such as for example the Trastuzamab in a breast cancer system, but not limited to, or a small molecule conjugated as described herein.

[0074] Also encompassed herein, but not limited, the payload encompassed herein is a radionuclide conjugated to the compound described herein which is selected from .sup.47Sc, .sup.51Cr, .sup.52mMn, .sup.55Co, .sup.58Co, .sup.52Fe, .sup.56Ni, .sup.57Ni, .sup.61Cu, .sup.62Cu, .sup.64Cu, .sup.67Cu, .sup.66Ga, .sup.68Ga, .sup.67Ga .sup.72As, .sup.77As, .sup.89Zr, .sup.90Y, .sup.94mTc, .sup.99mTc, .sup.97Ru, .sup.105Rh, .sup.109Pd, .sup.111Ag, .sup.110In, .sup.111In, .sup.113mIn, .sup.114mIn, .sup.117mSn, .sup.121Sn, .sup.127Te, .sup.142Pr, .sup.143Pr, .sup.149Pm .sup.151Pm .sup.149Tb, .sup.153Sm, .sup.157Gd, .sup.161Tb, .sup.166Ho, .sup.165Dy, .sup.169Er, .sup.169Yb .sup.175Yb, .sup.172Tm, .sup.177Lu, .sup.186Re, .sup.188Re, .sup.191Pt, .sup.197Hg, .sup.198Au, .sup.199Au, .sup.201Tl, .sup.203Pb, .sup.211At, .sup.212Bi, .sup.213Bi .sup.11C, .sup.75Br, .sup.76Br, .sup.77Br, .sup.82Br, .sup.18F, .sup.120I, .sup.123I, .sup.124I, .sup.125I, .sup.131I, .sup.89Sr and .sup.225Ac. In addition, also encompassed are a chemotherapeutic conjugated as described herein, as for example DM1 (mertansine) and Deruxtecan but not limiting.

[0075] Accordingly, it is provided in an embodiment, a novel cholic acid (ChAc)-NLS fusion peptide (ChAcNLS) conjugated to an antibody as depicted in FIG. 1, which functionalizes this complex to escape endosome entrapment and route to and utilize the nucleus as a reservoir to enhance intracellular accumulation. When ChAcNLS is conjugated to a mAb and the complex radiolabeled with copper-64 (.sup.64Cu) and injected in vivo, the amount of radioactivity delivered to a tumor for example is superior to versions that cannot escape endosome entrapment. Not only is the conjugated compound ability to change enhance intracellular accumulation of an antibody clearly established but the conjugated compound provided herewith does not affect the antibody's affinity and selectivity.

[0076] In general, the attachment of ChAcNLS to mAbs can be controlled.

[0077] It is also described the ability of the conjugated compound further linked to a payload such as .sup.64Cu to enhance the cellular uptake of .sup.64Cu. Thus ChAcNLS should not disrupt the in vivo pharmacokinetics of antibodies. The conjugated compounds provided herein can lead to more effective radiotoxicity or higher sensitive detection of cancer cells because of the observed increases in radioactive retention as shown herein in tumors.

[0078] It is thus provided a way to widely adapt other molecule or antibody by targeting rapidly internalizing receptors. Many interleukin receptors implicated in a variety of cancers undergo rapid endocytosis upon ligand binding. The use of a conjugate as described herein can increase accumulation of actual chemotherapeutic molecule for example in targeted cells.

[0079] In an embodiment, the antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) as described herein are composed of three components—a monoclonal antibody (mAb), cross-linker, and a cytotoxin (e.g. small molecule chemotherapeutic). For example, the cytotoxin is conjugated to the mAb via the cross-linker.

[0080] It is encompassed herein that the antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) as described herein comprises a payload such as a small molecule toxin such as for example and not limited to, microtubule disrupting agents (such as vinblastine, Monomethyl auristatin E or MMAE, DM1) and/or DNA targeting agents (Deruxtecan, Topoisomerase inhibitor).

[0081] For example, an antibody conjugated with ChAcNLS together with an attached chemotherapeutic molecule such as 4,4-difluoro-8-(4-carboxyphenyl)-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY for short), which is a cytotoxic molecule used in photodynamic therapy applications in cancer, results in an increase cytoplasmic accumulation of the antibody and chemotherapeutic molecule since ChAcNLS does not interfere with tumor targeting, provides faster blood clearance and at the same time better tumor uptake.

[0082] Not only the conjugate as described herein provides a mean to enhance delivery of an antibody, but ChAcNLS can enhance the delivery of an attached molecular payload, not just the antibody. ChAcNLS can deliver increased amounts of a molecular payload to the nucleus.

[0083] It is further encompassed herein the possibility of not only conjugate an antibody as described herein but also conjugating the antibody with a further drug, such as vinblastine, which is used in combination with other chemotherapy drugs to treat Hodgkin's lymphoma (Hodgkin's disease) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and cancer of the testicles. It is also used to treat Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

[0084] Accordingly, the conjugated compound described herein can be used for detecting or treating prostate cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, kidney cancer, brain cancer, testicular cancer, glioblastoma, sarcoma, bone cancer, head-and-neck cancers, skin cancer, lymphomas, leukemia or colorectal cancer.

[0085] While the present disclosure has been described in connection with specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood that it is capable of further modifications and this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the invention pertains and as may be applied to the essential features hereinbefore set forth, and as follows in the scope of the appended claims.