Control device and method for operating a dual-clutch transmission of a motor vehicle

Abstract

A method for operating a dual-clutch transmission of a motor vehicle, wherein a first clutch is operated closed or engaged and in this way a first transmission branch is driven, in which a current actual gear is engaged, and in a pre-selection phase for a gear changed to a desired gear in a second transmission branch, the desired gear is engaged, and in a second clutch, a clutch hydraulic system is filled and, in this way, the second clutch is closed. The gear change shall be made faster. The filling of the clutch hydraulic system is begun already during the pre-selection phase, and, in this case, the clutch hydraulic system is filled in the pre-selection phase but at most up to reaching a touch point of the second clutch.

Claims

1. A method for operating a dual-clutch transmission of a motor vehicle, comprising: operating a first clutch that is closed or engaged by a filled first clutch hydraulic system and, in this way, a first transmission branch is driven, in which a current actual gear is engaged, so that a torque is transmitted from a crank shaft of an engine to a transmission output, operating a second clutch that is open or disengaged by a second clutch hydraulic system drained up to a stop setting, and in a pre-selection phase for a gear change to a desired gear in a second transmission branch, a rotational motion of the desired gear is synchronized with the transmission output, and the synchronized desired gear is unlocked and engaged, and in the second clutch, the second clutch hydraulic system is filled and, in this way, the second clutch is closed up to a touch point starting from which the second clutch transmits a torque from the crank shaft to the second transmission branch, and beyond, wherein the filling of the second clutch hydraulic system has begun already during the pre-selection phase and the second clutch hydraulic system is filled in the pre-selection phase at most until reaching a touch point of the second clutch.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second clutch hydraulic system is filled with a hydraulic fluid to more than 60 percent of a final volume at which the second clutch is fully closed, during the pre-selection phase.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second clutch hydraulic system is filled in stages with at least one interim stage in which a desired filling pressure (P2soll) is constant.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein after the pre-selection phase, the first clutch is opened by at least partial draining of the first clutch hydraulic system, and at the same time, the second clutch is closed by further filling of the second clutch hydraulic system beyond the touch point, in such a way that the torque (Mm) of the engine transmitted to the clutch output is constant.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the desired gear is less than the current actual gear, and already during the pre-selection phase, a rotational speed (nm) of the crank shaft of the engine is increased by partial draining of the first clutch hydraulic system.

6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein after the pre-selection phase, an overshooting of the rotational speed (nm) is damped or prevented by further filling of the second clutch hydraulic system.

7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein shifting is carried out by a dual shifting from the current actual gear to a target gear which differs by two gear stages, and the desired gear is an intermediate gear, and after the closing of the second clutch, with the intermediate gear active as a new desired gear, the target gear in a further pre-selection phase is synchronized, unlocked and engaged in the first clutch branch, and during the further pre-selection phase, the first clutch hydraulic system is filled, but only as far as a touch point of the first clutch.

8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the first clutch hydraulic system remains constantly at least partly filled during the dual shifting.

9. A control device implementing the method according to claim 1 in order to operate the dual-clutch transmission of the motor vehicle, wherein the control device is configured to control electrohydraulic actuators for filling and draining of the first clutch and the second clutch of the dual-clutch transmission.

10. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the second clutch hydraulic system is filled in stages with at least one interim stage in which a desired filling pressure (P2soll) is constant.

11. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein after the pre-selection phase, the first clutch is opened by at least partial draining of the first clutch hydraulic system, and at the same time, the second clutch is closed by further filling of the second clutch hydraulic system beyond the touch point, in such a way that the torque (Mm) of the engine transmitted to the clutch output is constant.

12. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein after the pre-selection phase, the first clutch is opened by at least partial draining of the first clutch hydraulic system, and at the same time, the second clutch is closed by further filling of the second clutch hydraulic system beyond the touch point, in such a way that the torque (Mm) of the engine transmitted to the clutch output is constant.

13. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the desired gear is less than the current actual gear, and already during the pre-selection phase, a rotational speed (nm) of the crank shaft of the engine is increased by partial draining of the first clutch hydraulic system.

14. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the desired gear is less than the current actual gear, and already during the pre-selection phase, a rotational speed (nm) of the crank shaft of the engine is increased by partial draining of the first clutch hydraulic system.

15. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the desired gear is less than the current actual gear, and already during the pre-selection phase, a rotational speed (nm) of the crank shaft of the engine is increased by partial draining of the first clutch hydraulic system.

16. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein shifting is carried out by a dual shifting from the current actual gear to a target gear which differs by two gear stages, and the desired gear is an intermediate gear, and after the closing of the second clutch, with the intermediate gear active as a new desired gear, the target gear in a further pre-selection phase is synchronized, unlocked and engaged in the first clutch branch, and during the further pre-selection phase, the first clutch hydraulic system is filled, but only as far as a touch point of the first clutch.

17. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein shifting is carried out by a dual shifting from the current actual gear to a target gear which differs by two gear stages, and the desired gear is an intermediate gear, and after the closing of the second clutch, with the intermediate gear active as a new desired gear, the target gear in a further pre-selection phase is synchronized, unlocked and engaged in the first clutch branch, and during the further pre-selection phase, the first clutch hydraulic system is filled, but only as far as a touch point of the first clutch.

18. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein shifting is carried out by a dual shifting from the current actual gear to a target gear which differs by two gear stages, and the desired gear is an intermediate gear, and after the closing of the second clutch, with the intermediate gear active as a new desired gear, the target gear in a further pre-selection phase is synchronized, unlocked and engaged in the first clutch branch, and during the further pre-selection phase, the first clutch hydraulic system is filled, but only as far as a touch point of the first clutch.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) In the following, an exemplary embodiment of the invention shall be described. Shown herein for this purpose:

(2) FIG. 1 a schematic representation of one embodiment of the motor vehicle according to the invention;

(3) FIG. 2 three diagrams with schematized time curves of operating parameters of a clutch transmission of the motor vehicle of FIG. 1; and

(4) FIG. 3 a diagram with additional schematized time curves of operating parameters of the clutch transmission.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(5) The exemplary embodiment explained in the following is a preferred embodiment of the invention. In the exemplary embodiment, the components described for the embodiment each constitute individual features of the invention to be considered independently of one another, which also enhance the invention independently of one another, and thus should also be deemed to be part of the invention individually or in another combination than the one shown. Furthermore, the described embodiment may also be supplemented by others of the already described features of the invention.

(6) In the figures, elements of the same function are given the same reference numbers.

(7) FIG. 1 shows a motor vehicle 1, which may be an automobile, for example, particularly a passenger car. It shows an internal combustion engine, or simply engine 2, a dual-clutch transmission 3, a differential 4, and driving wheels 5. During travel of the motor vehicle 1, the engine 2 generates, on a crank shaft 6, a driving torque or engine torque Mm, which is transmitted via the crank shaft 6 to the dual-clutch transmission 3 and from here it is provided, after undergoing a gearing, to a transmission output 7 and transmitted via the differential 4 to the driving wheels 5. In this case, the engine 2 drives the wheels 5 and thus the motor vehicle 1.

(8) The dual-clutch transmission 3 comprises a first transmission branch K1 and a second transmission branch K2. For example, FIG. 1 shows a partitioning of transmission gears or gear stages 8 between the two transmission branches K1, K2. For the further explanation of the exemplary embodiment, it shall be assumed that the gear stage “6” is engaged at the time point represented in FIG. 1, that is, the gear stage “6” represents the current actual gear 9.

(9) The dual-clutch transmission 3 furthermore has a first clutch 10 and a second clutch 11. The first clutch 10 is closed, so that the engine torque Mm is transferred across the first clutch 10 to the first transmission branch K1 and to the current gear 9 and thus the gear stage of the current gear 9 is operative for the gearing of the engine torque Mm to the transmission output 7. Hence, a clutch torque M1 is operating through the first transmission branch K1, which for better visual clarity in FIG. 1 is represented on a hollow shaft of the first transmission branch K1. The crank shaft 6 rotates in this case with a driving speed nm and, accordingly, the first transmission branch K1 rotates with a transmission speed n1. The transmission speed n1 also is represented on the hollow shaft in FIG. 1 merely for better visual clarity.

(10) In the meantime, the second clutch 11 is open. A clutch torque M2 of the second clutch pathway K2 accordingly has an undefined value, because the second transmission branch K2 can rotate freely. A transmission speed of the second clutch transmission K2 is denoted here as n2. The clutch torque M2 and the transmission speed n2 are likewise drawn on the shaft corresponding to the hollow shaft in FIG. 1 merely for better visual clarity.

(11) The closed state of the first clutch 10 is produced by a first clutch hydraulic system 12. The clutch hydraulic system 12, for example, may comprise a slave cylinder. The clutch hydraulic system 12, i.e., the slave cylinder, is filled. This is accomplished by an electrohydraulic actuator 13, which may comprise for example a master cylinder 14 and an electric motor 15. A control device 16 controls the electric motor 15. Thanks to the actuator 13, a hydraulic pressure P1 in the transmission hydraulic system 12 is set to such a value that a disengaging unit or gear selector 17 is entirely disengaged or extended, and in this way the clutch 10 is closed.

(12) The open position of the second clutch 11 is produced by a second clutch hydraulic system 18, which may likewise involve a slave cylinder. An electrohydraulic actuator 19 is operated upon by the control device 16 in such a way that a hydraulic pressure P2 in the second clutch hydraulic system 18 is so low that a disengaging unit or gear selector 20 of the second clutch hydraulic system 18 is retracted as far as a stop setting 21 and, in this way, the second clutch 11 is opened. For this purpose, the actuator 19 may comprise, just like the actuator 13, a master cylinder 22 and an electric motor 23, which in turn may be controlled by the control device 16.

(13) In the following, FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 will be used to illustrate how a gear change can occur in the motor vehicle 1. A gear change may take place by one gear stage from a current actual gear to a desired gear 9′, i.e., shifting by a single gear stage, or also a dual shifting 24 by two gear stages to a target gear 9″ may occur.

(14) FIG. 2 shows for this purpose the curves of a desired gear setting 25, the rotational speeds n and the torques M as functions of time.

(15) During a first travel phase 26 the operating state as described in connection with FIG. 1 prevails. In other words, the current gear 9 is engaged and the engine torque Mm is transferred via the first transmission branch K1 as the transmission torque M1 to the transmission output 7. Then the dual shifting occurs, wherein at first the desired gear 9′ is selected as an intermediate gear 27 and only then does the shifting to the target gear 9″ occur. For the shifting to the intermediate gear 27, which corresponds to the shifting by a single gear stage, the synchronizing, unlocking and engaging of the desired gear 9′ occurs in a pre-selection phase 28. This is further explained below in connection with FIG. 3.

(16) After the end of the pre-selection phase there occurs an overlap phase 29, during which the transmitting of the engine torque Mm from the first clutch 10 to the second clutch 11 is intersected or overlapped. This takes place by appropriate adjusting of the hydraulic pressures P1, P2 in the clutch hydraulic systems 12, 18. After this, the desired gear 9′ is active as the new current actual gear and the transfer of the engine torque Mm occurs entirely by way of the second transmission branch K2. There then follows a further pre-selection phase 28′, in which the first transmission branch K1 of the target gear 9″ is synchronized, unlocked and engaged. A further overlap phase 29′ may then occur, in order to overlap from the second clutch 11 to the first clutch 10.

(17) FIG. 2 shows how a partial opening of the first clutch 10 occurs in the pre-selection phase 28 by appropriate adjusting of the hydraulic pressure P1 and how this accomplishes a rotational speed acceleration 30 of the engine 2 and thus of the crank shaft 6, in that the engine produces a constant engine torque Mm, but only a portion of this is transferred across the first transmission branch K1 as the transmission torque M1. In this way, the engine is not accelerated beyond a target rotational speed or synchronous rotational speed nsync, but instead there is at first a damping 31 of the rotational speed acceleration of the engine speed nm by means of the first clutch 10 in the pre-selection phase 28 and then a concluding damping 32 in the overlap phase 29 already by means of the second clutch 11, in that the latter transfers a gradually increasing share of the engine torque Mm as the transmission torque M2.

(18) In the second pre-selection phase 28′, the engine 2 already has the synchronous rotational speed nsync and the filling of the clutch hydraulic system 12 for the closing of the first clutch 10 may once more occur directly with the second clutch 11 closed.

(19) In the second overlap phase 29′, the second clutch 11 is then opened once more and the first clutch 10 is closed accordingly and, in this way, the engine torque Mm being transferred is gradually overlapped by the second transmission branch K2 on the first transmission branch K1. In the final travel phase 33, the engine torque Mm is then transferred once more by way of the first transmission branch K1, but at the synchronous rotational speed nsync with closed first clutch 10 and opened second clutch 11.

(20) During the respective pre-selection phases 28, 28′, each time the respective target clutch, i.e., the second clutch 11 in the pre-selection phase 28 and the first clutch 10 in the pre-selection phase 28′, transfers no torque (0 Nm) to the respective transmission branch K2, K1, so as not to impair the synchronizing, unlocking and engaging.

(21) FIG. 3 illustrates how in the pre-selection phase 28 the second clutch 11 is nevertheless closed far enough so that, even though it transfers no torque (0 Nm) to the second transmission branch K2, it is still prepared for the subsequent overlap phase 29, in order to commence the overlap phase 29 with little time delay. The same also applies to the pre-selection phase 28′ in regard to the first clutch 10.

(22) FIG. 3 illustrates as a function of time t a travel range s of a gear selector (not shown) of the second transmission branch K2 (also see FIG. 1), the indicated path lengths (10 millimeters) being merely examples. Furthermore, a time function of the hydraulic pressure P2 for the second transmission hydraulic system 18 is shown. As reference, the prior art StdT is illustrated with regard to the second transmission hydraulic system 18, which is represented here as the hydraulic pressure P2′.

(23) Prior to the pre-selection phase 28, the second clutch 11 is entirely open, that is, the second transmission hydraulic system 18 is in the stop setting 21 and thus the second clutch 11 is in an open setting 34, indicated here as the reference path s=0 millimeters. For the synchronizing of the desired gear 9′, a corresponding gear wheel 35 is moved by means of the gear selector (see FIG. 1), so that the travel range s is changed. In this way, the transmission rotational speed n2 is synchronized, and a corresponding transmission rotational speed n2 is set at the desired gear 9′ by the gearing ratios. After the synchronizing 36, the unlocking 37 can occur, that is, the gear selector can be released so that it can continue to move without causing damage to the gear wheel 35. There then occurs the engaging 38, during which the gear wheel 35 finally enters into a form fit with a corresponding gear wheel.

(24) In the prior art StdT, only after the engaging 38 is there a change in the desired value P2soll′ of the transmission hydraulic system, in order to close the second clutch 11 in this way.

(25) By contrast, in the motor vehicle 1, a filling of the second transmission hydraulic system 18 occurs by the control device 16 already during the pre-selection phase 28, preferably in several interim stages 39, already during the synchronizing 36, the unlocking 37 and the engaging 38, by setting a corresponding clutch desired pressure P2soll, so that the disengaging unit 20 is already moved from its stop setting 21 and in this way the second clutch 11 is partly closed. Care is taken so that the second clutch 11 during the pre-selection phase 28 is closed at most up to a touch point 40, so that during the pre-selection phase 28 the second clutch 11 transfers no torque (0 Nm) from the crank shaft 6 to the second transmission branch K2 in the manner described (see FIG. 2). Immediately after the pre-selection phase 28, the second clutch 11 has already reached the touch point 40. By further closing of the second clutch 11, i.e., by further increasing the hydraulic pressure P2, it is therefore possible to transfer at once a transmission torque M2 greater than 0 by way of the second transmission branch K2 (see FIG. 2). This reduces the shifting time 41 as compared to the prior art StdT, since in the latter case the second clutch 11 must first be closed from the open setting 34 after the pre-selection phase 28, so that a filling of the second clutch hydraulic system 18 up to the touch point is at first required.

(26) Thus, the sequential execution of the individual phases in the prior art StdT may thus take a long time and be perceived in an undesirable way by the driver, especially in the case of shifting modes involving several gear or clutch changes (for example, the described dual shifting 24 for indirect downshifting).

(27) Therefore, in the motor vehicle 1, the states of the pre-selection (synchronizing, unlocking engaging) and the filling of the clutch hydraulic system are performed at the same time, i.e., in parallel, and thus they are coordinated. With the start of the engaging process, the filling of the clutch to an interim level or in the direction of the interim level may already have begun. Depending on the course of the engaging process, the clutch may be filled further in the direction of the target level, that is, up to the touch point 40. The course of the engaging, that is, the individual phases of synchronizing, unlocking and engaging, is taken into account by the interim stage 39, so that the clutch hydraulic system is not filled beyond what is possible for the corresponding phase (synchronizing, unlocking engaging).

(28) The benefit of this functionality is not only a more dynamic organizing of the shifting process to achieve the reduction in shifting time 41, but also to shorten the slip phases during the shifting process and thereby reduce the wear on the clutches 10, 11.

(29) The coordinating of the degree to which the clutch hydraulic system can be filled already during a pre-selection phase, that is, the coordinating of the degree of parallel occurrence, must be made dependent on the specific design of the dual-clutch transmission. It may be possible to fill the clutch hydraulic system already over 60 percent, especially over 70 percent, since oftentimes only then is the touch point reached. Furthermore, in this regard, a corresponding draining of the already prefilled clutch must be implemented, since the engaging process cannot be completed on account of the prefilling. The described parallelization can be implemented for all kinds of shifting (traction upshifting, thrust upshifting, traction downshifting, thrust downshifting, double declutching), in which a filling process follows an engaging process in the prior art.

(30) On the whole, the example shows how individual shifting phases can be made parallel by the invention in a dual-clutch transmission.