WATER-COOLED GRATE BLOCK FOR AN INCINERATOR

Abstract

A cooled grate block as part of a grate for a system for thermally treating waste, including: a block body in the form of a cast part having an outer supporting face for the waste to be treated; a flat cavity situated directly below the supporting face, for receiving a cooling fluid; a fluid feed line and a fluid discharge line, which are connected to the cavity; at least one deflection element, which is arranged in the cavity to direct a cooling fluid within the cavity from the fluid feed line to the fluid discharge line; and a valve element situated in the end region of the cavity, for distributing the cooling fluid fed into the cavity through the fluid feed line.

Claims

1. A cooled grate block as part of a grate for an installation for thermally processing waste, wherein the grate blocks are arranged in a step-like manner one above the other and configured in such a manner in order to rearrange and convey the combustion material during the combustion by means of pushing movements which are carried out relative to each other, comprising a block member which is in the form of a cast component and which has an upper wall which forms an external support face which extends at least partially parallel with a longitudinal axis of the block member for the waste which is intended to be processed, a planar hollow space which is arranged directly under the support face for receiving a cooling fluid and which is delimited at the upper side by the upper wall, at the front by a front wall, at the bottom by a base, at the rear by a rear wall and laterally by side walls, wherein the base is at least partially formed by a base plate, a fluid supply line and a fluid discharge line which are connected to the hollow space, at least one redirection element which is arranged in the hollow space in order to redirect a cooling fluid in the hollow space from the fluid supply line to the fluid discharge line, and a distributor element which is arranged in a front region of the hollow space, in order to distribute the fluid which is introduced through the fluid supply line into the hollow space.

2. The grate block as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distributor element extends at least partially along a width axis which extends at least approximately parallel with the front wall.

3. The grate block as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planar hollow space is connected to a front chamber which extends substantially parallel with the front wall and by which the cooling fluid supply to the planar hollow space or the cooling fluid discharge from the hollow space is brought about.

4. The grate block as claimed in claim 3, wherein the planar hollow space and the chamber are connected to each other via a plurality of supply openings.

5. The grate block as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planar hollow space has a dividing wall which extends from the base to the upper wall and which extends from the front wall in the direction of the rear wall of the hollow space and which forms a passage in the region of the rear wall and which subdivides the hollow space into two compartments which are connected in a fluid-conducting manner.

6. The grate block as claimed in claim 5, wherein the dividing wall has an opening in the region of the front wall in order to ventilate the hollow space or the compartments which are produced by the dividing wall.

7. The grate block as claimed in claim 5, wherein the dividing wall extends at least approximately parallel with one of the side walls.

8. The grate block as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fluid supply line and the fluid discharge line are connected in the region of the front wall to the planar hollow space.

9. The grate block as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distributor element is in the form of a boss, aperture, perforated plate or transverse bar which extends at least approximately parallel with the front wall.

10. The grate block as claimed in claim 4, wherein the distributor element is located in an opening region of at least one of the supply openings.

11. The grate block as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distributor element comprises an embankment-like or hill-like projection which limits or redirects the flow of the cooling fluid out of the fluid supply line.

12. The grate block as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distributor element is constructed so that it allows only a limited throughflow of cooling fluid past the distributor element in order to allow a uniform distribution of the cooling fluid inside the hollow space.

13. The grate block as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper wall and/or the front wall has at least one air supply opening.

14. The grate block as claimed in claim 1, wherein the block member is produced integrally as a cast component and the base plate is welded to the block member in order to delimit the hollow space.

15. The grate block as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hollow space extends over at least ⅔ of the length and/or over at least ¾ of the width of the support face.

16. A grate comprising a plurality of grate blocks as claimed in claim 1.

Description

[0060] The invention is explained in greater detail below with reference to a number of embodiments illustrated in the Figures. If alternative embodiments differ only in terms of individual features, the same reference numerals have been used for the features remaining the same. In the purely schematic drawings:

[0061] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a grate block according to the invention;

[0062] FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a planar hollow space;

[0063] FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the grate block from FIG. 1 with the planar hollow space from FIG. 2;

[0064] FIG. 4a shows a longitudinal section along the longitudinal axis L through an embodiment of a front region of the block member from FIG. 1;

[0065] FIG. 4b shows a longitudinal section along the longitudinal axis L through an embodiment of a front region of the block member from FIG. 1;

[0066] FIG. 5 shows a cross section along the width axis Q through an embodiment of a front region of the block member from FIG. 1; and

[0067] FIG. 6 shows a longitudinal section along the longitudinal axis L through an embodiment of the block member from FIG. 1.

[0068] The grate block 1 according to the invention which is depicted in FIG. 1 serves to thermally process waste as a combustion material (not illustrated) which is moved or conveyed over the grate in a movement direction B. The grate block 1 comprises a block member 3 having an upper wall 5 and side walls 6. The upper wall 5 comprises an external support face 7 which extends along a longitudinal axis L of the grate block 1 from a rear region 9 of the block member 3 in the direction of a front region 11 of the block member 3. The block member 3 further comprises in the front region 11 a rounded overhang 13 (referred to as a projection below) which connects the front region 11 to a front wall 15.

[0069] In a grate arrangement which is not shown and in which a plurality of individual grate blocks 1 are arranged one above the other in a step-like manner, a sliding face 17 which adjoins the front wall 15 is positioned on the support face 7 of an additional grate block (not illustrated). By means of pushing movements which are carried out relative to each other, thermally processed waste is conveyed in the movement direction B. To this end, the sliding faces 17 slide on the support faces 7 of the grate blocks which are arranged underneath (not illustrated). The relative pushing movements are carried out along the longitudinal axis L and driven by a drive apparatus which is not illustrated and which transmits the movement via a bracket 19 to the block member. In such a grate arrangement, a plurality of grate blocks can be located beside each other so that the side walls 6 of the grate block 1 adjoin the side walls of other grate blocks.

[0070] The block member 3 comprises air supply openings 21, 23 which are arranged in the front wall 15 and the upper wall 5 and by which the thermally processed waste can be supplied with air in order to promote the combustion. Embodiments which do not have any air supply openings are also conceivable, but not set out here. The air supply openings 23 in the upper wall 5 are preferably in the form of downwardly expanding passages so that portions of the waste to be processed do not become jammed in the opening during possible introduction.

[0071] The block member 3 further comprises a planar hollow space 50. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the planar hollow space 50 is delimited opposite the upper wall 5 of the block member 3 by a base 51 and a base plate 53. In this case, the hollow space 50 further comprises a fluid supply line 52 and a fluid discharge line 54 which are connected to a chamber 56. The chamber 56 extends substantially parallel with the front wall 15 (FIG. 1) and is connected to the planar hollow space 50 via supply openings 58. The planar hollow space 50 further comprises a dividing wall 60 which extends from the front wall (reference numeral 15 in FIG. 1) in the direction of a rear wall 68 (FIG. 3) and which forms a passage 64 so that the hollow space 50 is subdivided into two compartments 62.

[0072] FIG. 3 shows a view from below of a section through the grate block 1 from FIG. 1 in connection with the planar hollow space 50 which is described in FIG. 2. The base plate 53, which delimits the hollow space 50, from FIG. 2 has been removed in this instance. The planar hollow space 50 comprises redirection elements 66 which redirect the fluid stream from the fluid supply line 52 (FIG. 2) to the fluid discharge line 54 (FIG. 2). FIG. 3 also clearly shows how the planar hollow space 50 in the rear region 9 of the block member 3 is delimited by the side walls 6 and the rear wall 68. FIG. 3 further clearly shows that the air supply openings 23 lead through the planar hollow space 50 from the upper wall.

[0073] FIGS. 4a and 4b show a longitudinal section along the longitudinal axis L through the front region of the block member from FIG. 1 with the air supply openings 21 in the front wall 15. It can further be seen that the dividing wall 60 which subdivides the hollow space 50 has an opening 70 which serves to ventilate the compartments 62 which are produced by the dividing wall 60. The supply opening 58 comprises in an opening region 72 which faces the hollow space 50 a distributor element 74 which is in the form of a boss-like or hill-like obstacle in this instance. The fluid stream which is directed via the supply opening 58 into the hollow space 50 is distributed by means of the distributor element 74 so that no turbulence which would lead to foam formation or air bubbles and therefore a reduced cooling power is formed inside the planar hollow space 50. The base 51 delimits the hollow space 50 in a downward direction. The base plate 53, which would adjoin the base in a longitudinal direction L, from FIG. 2 is not illustrated. The distributor element 74 could also be in the form of a transverse bar instead of the boss-like or hill-like obstacle (not illustrated).

[0074] FIG. 5 shows a cross section through the front wall 15 with the chambers 56 which are shown in FIG. 2 and in which the fluid supply line 52 or the fluid discharge line 54 opens. In this case, the cooling fluid flows through the fluid supply line 52 into the chamber 56 and becomes distributed over the supply openings 58 in the hollow space (not illustrated). The cooling fluid flows, after it has passed the hollow space, through the supply openings 58′ into the chamber 56′ and is discharged by the fluid discharge line 54 out of the block member 3. The fluid discharge line 54 can in this case be connected to an additional fluid supply line of an additional block member (not illustrated).

[0075] The illustrated block members have a length in the longitudinal direction L of from 400 to 800 mm, preferably from 500 to 750 mm and particularly preferably from 650 to 700 mm. The illustrated block members have a width in the width direction Q of from 280 to 500 mm, preferably from 320 to 460 mm and particularly preferably from 380 to 420 mm. The illustrated block members have a height of from 100 to 200 mm, preferably from 130 to 180 mm and particularly preferably from 150 to 160 mm. The block member is preferably made from low-alloy to high-alloy cast steel. In comparison with non-alloyed cast steel, low-alloy to high-alloy cast steel additionally contains in changing proportions alloy elements, such as chromium, nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, tungsten and the like. The block member is preferably produced by means of casting or injection casting methods. The supply openings preferably have a diameter of from 12 to 28 mm and particularly preferably a diameter of from 16 to 22 mm.

[0076] FIG. 6 shows a longitudinal section along the longitudinal axis L through the block member 3 from FIG. 1, wherein the distributor element is not illustrated in a front region 76 of the hollow space 50. The base 51 is in the form of an integral portion of the block member 3 and delimits together with the base plate 53 the hollow space 50 in a downward direction. Furthermore, the hollow space 50 is delimited by the rear wall 68 and the front wall 15. The base plate 53 has the air supply openings 21 in this case, similarly to the upper wall 5. The air supply openings 21 widen in this case from the upper wall 5 concentrically toward the base plate 53.