Large Fast Dispersing Tablet Prepared By Lyophilization

Abstract

A tablet formed from a pre-lyophilization solution has a void in its bottom surface, with a void height that is about 60% to 100% of a depth of the tablet. A pharmaceutical dosage form includes a blister sheet having one or more cavities, each having a protrusion extending upwardly from the cavity floor, with a tablet formed in the cavity by lyophilization of a pre-lyophilization solution in each such cavity. The protrusion is a cylinder or tapered cylinder and the void has a corresponding shape. A film overlays the blister sheet to seal the tablet in the blister sheet cavities.

Claims

1. A pharmaceutical dosage form comprising: a tablet formed from a pre-lyophilization solution, said tablet having a top surface, a bottom surface, and a void extending from the bottom surface of the tablet toward the top surface of the tablet, said void having a height that is about 60% to 100% of a depth of the tablet.

2. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the void is round.

3. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the dosage form is contained in a cavity in a blister sheet.

4. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 3, further comprising an over wrap film sealing the dosage form in the cavity in the blister sheet.

5. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 4, wherein a plurality of the dosage forms is sealed in a plurality of cavities in the blister sheet.

6. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 1, wherein the void is a cylinder or tapered cylinder.

7. A pharmaceutical dosage form, comprising: a blister sheet having one or more cavities having a diameter and a depth, at least one of said one or more cavities having a protrusion extending upwardly from a floor of said cavity, said protrusion having a maximum dimension which is about 10% to 60% of the diameter of the cavity, and having a depth which is about 60% to 100% of the depth of the cavity; a tablet formed in the cavity having a protrusion by lyophilization of a pre-lyophilization solution, said tablet having a top surface, a bottom surface, and a void extending from the bottom surface of the tablet toward the top surface of the tablet, said void having a shape conforming to the protrusion.

8. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 7, wherein the protrusion is a cylinder or tapered cylinder.

9. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 7, further comprising an over wrap film sealing the tablet in the blister sheet cavity.

10. The pharmaceutical dosage form of claim 7, wherein the blister sheet has more than one said cavity, and each said cavity contains a tablet formed in the cavity by lyophilization of a pre-lyophilization solution.

11. A method of manufacturing a solid pharmaceutical dosage form, comprising: forming a blister sheet having at least one cavity having a diameter and a depth, said at least one cavity having a protrusion extending upwardly from a floor of said cavity, said protrusion having a maximum dimension which is about 10% to 60% of the diameter of the cavity, and having a depth which is about 60% to 100% of the depth of the cavity; filling a pre-lyophilization composition into the at least one cavity; lyophilizing the pre-lyophilization solution to form a tablet in the at least one cavity, the tablet having a top surface, a bottom surface, and a void extending from the bottom surface of the tablet towards the top surface of the tablet, said void having a shape conforming to the protrusion.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the blister sheet is seated on a thermally conductive base element having one or more base cavities which conform to the at least one cavity in the blister sheet prior to lyophilizing the pre-lyophilization solution.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the blister sheet cavity conforms to the one or more base cavities of the base element such that there is a space of no more than 0.5 millimeters between an outer wall of an inserted blister cavity and a peripheral wall of a base cavity containing the inserted blister cavity.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the base element has one or more base cavities having base protrusions therein and the blister sheet is pressed onto the base element to form the at least one cavity and upwardly extending protrusion in the blister sheet.

15. The method of claim 12, further comprising sealing the tablet in the blister sheet cavity with an over wrap film.

16. The method of claim 12, wherein the blister sheet has more than one cavity and the base element has more than one base cavity.

17. A pharmaceutical packaging, comprising: a blister sheet having at least one cavity having a diameter and a depth, said at least one cavity having a protrusion extending upwardly from a floor of said cavity, said protrusion having a maximum dimension which is about 10% to 60% of the diameter of the cavity, and having a depth which is about 60% to 100% of the depth of the cavity; and an over wrap film sealed to the blister sheet and covering the at least one cavity.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C show a top view, a perspective view, and a side view, respectively, of a lyophilized fast dispersing tablet of the present invention.

[0035] FIGS. 2A-2F show process steps for manufacturing a tablet of FIG. 1.

[0036] FIG. 3A shows a side view of a tablet in a blister and FIG. 3B shows a side view of a tablet without a blister.

[0037] FIG. 4 shows formation of a blister with cavities used to prepare a fast dispersible tablet by a lyophilization process.

[0038] FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of a blister with a plurality of cavities that can be used to make the tablet of FIG. 1 by a lyophilization process.

[0039] FIGS. 6A and 6B show a side view and a top view respectively of a lyophilization promoting base element that can be used to prepare fast dissolving tablets by a lyophilization process.

[0040] FIGS. 7A and 7B show a side view and a top view, respectively, of a lyophilization promoting base element that can be used in a lyophilization process to prepare the tablets of FIG. 1.

[0041] FIG. 8 is a top and side perspective view, with additional projections of a bottom view and a side view of an exemplary blister cavity used for preparing a dispersible tablet by lyophilization.

[0042] FIG. 9 is a table illustrating examples of volume obtained and contact surface area with cavity of a blister for various sized tablets of the invention, including density and respective weight.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0043] Improved fast dissolving tablets as shown in FIGS. 1A-1C comprise an active ingredient and excipients. The tablets contain one or more active ingredients combined with excipients in a pre-lyophilization composition, preferably a solution or suspension. Typically, water will be used as a solvent/vehicle for the pre-lyophilization composition. However, other solvents and co-solvent systems may be used as a vehicle and will generally be known to those of skill in the art with lyophilization processes. The tablets are prepared in cavities/blisters by a lyophilization process using a lyophilization promoting element. The cavity/blisters serve as a primary packaging for storage of the tablets.

[0044] The tablets each contain about 50-2,000 mg of solid, lyophilized material, typically 75-1,000 mg solid, lyophilized material. In certain preferred embodiments, a tablet contains greater than or equal to 200 mg solid, lyophilized material. In other preferred embodiments, a tablet contains greater than or equal to 400 mg solid, lyophilized material. In certain embodiments, a tablet contains greater than 200 mg, preferably greater than 400 mg solid, lyophilized material.

[0045] The active ingredient may be selected from any pharmaceutically acceptable agent that is suitable for manufacture by a lyophilization process.

[0046] The amount of active ingredient will depend on the active ingredient and therapeutic effect desired. The amount of active ingredient can vary from greater than zero to about 1,000 mg.

[0047] In certain embodiments, about 1 mg to about 10 mg of active ingredient is contained in a tablet.

[0048] The active ingredient is combined with non-active excipients. The excipients can include crystallization prohibitor, bulking agent, sweetener, flavoring agent, pH regulating agent, anti-oxidant, chelating agent, taste modifier, preservative or any combination thereof.

[0049] Taste modifiers used in the present invention increase patient acceptability and are selected from one or more of sweetening agents, such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, sugar alcohols, and polysaccharides, e.g., glucose, fructose, invert sugar, sorbitol, sucrose, maltose, xylose, ribose, mannose, corn syrup solids, xylitol, mannitol, maltodextrins, and mixtures thereof, artificial sweeteners and dipeptide-based sweeteners, such as saccharin salts, acesulfame K, sucralose, aspartame, and mixtures thereof.

[0050] Preservatives used in the present compositions may be selected from one or more of benzalkonium chloride, benzyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, cresol, ethyl alcohol, thiomersal, parabens, benzoic acid, EDTA, sodium benzoate and the like.

[0051] Antioxidants used in the present compositions may be selected from one or more of, e.g., sulfites, amino acids, such as L-methionine, ascorbic acid and a-tocopherol. Preferably, the antioxidant is L-methionine

[0052] Flavors, which may optionally be used in the present invention, can be selected from one or more naturally derived oils from plants, flowers, leaves, and artificial flavoring compounds, such as synthetic flavor oils.

[0053] Buffers used in the present invention can include an acid or a base and its conjugate base or acid, respectively. Suitable buffers include mixtures of weak acids and alkali metal salts (e.g., sodium, potassium) of the weak acids, such as acetate, citrate, tartrate, phosphate, benzoate and bicarbonate buffers and combinations thereof.

[0054] pH regulating agents can include buffers, such as acetate, citrate, phosphate, borate, carbonate etc., sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid etc.

[0055] A crystallization prohibitor can include polymers selected from the group of hydroxypropyl cellulose, hypromellose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, Carbopol, alginic acid or its sodium salt, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethylene glycol, crospovidone, copovidone and combinations thereof.

[0056] An exemplary pre-lyophilization composition for preparing a lyophilized orally dispersing tablet comprises an active pharmaceutical agent; a polymer selected from the group consisting of gelatin, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, carboxymethyl cellulose or its salts, croscarmellose sodium, cellulose derivative polymer and sugar polymers, and solvent. The pre-lyophilization composition optionally contains one or more of Bulking agent, Sweetener, Flavoring agent, pH adjustant and/or buffering agent.

[0057] Tablet 1 shown in FIGS. 1A-1C is prepared by a lyophilization method as depicted in FIGS. 2A-2F. Lyophilization essentially consists of three steps, i.e. (i) freezing; (ii) primary drying; and (iii) secondary drying. The pre-lyophilization composition 14 is placed into a cavity 20 in blister 10, which is preferably located in a base element 12. In the freezing step, a pre-lyophilization composition 14 is cooled below 0° C., preferably below −20° C., more preferably below −25° C. In primary drying, the composition 14 is exposed to reduced pressure about less than 800 mTorr, preferably less than 500 mTorr, more preferably about 200 mTorr and temperature is slowly increased from the previously set temperature in the freezing step. The increase in temperature is increased by about 2° C. from the temperature set in the freezing step, preferably about 5° C. In secondary drying, temperature is increased further from the previously set temperature in the primary drying step. The increase in temperature is about 5° C. from the temperature set in the primary drying step, preferably about 10° C., more preferably about 20° C. Pressure can be optionally increased or decreased during secondary drying.

[0058] FIG. 2A shows an aluminum “blister” 10 (often called a “blister pack”) that forms the cavities 20, which may also serve as the primary packaging for the tablets 1. FIG. 2B shows the blister 10 placed on a lyophilization promoting base element 12 for improved lyophilization. Pre-lyophilization solution 14 is filled in the cavities 20 formed in the blister 10, as shown in FIG. 2C. Next, the lyophilization process is performed and solvent is removed, leaving a uniform “cake” 16 which comprises the tablet 1, as illustrated in FIG. 2D. Then, the blister 10 is removed from the base element 12, as shown in FIG. 2E. Finally, the blister 10 is closed with over wrap film 18, e.g. aluminum or polymer or combined laminated material, as shown in FIG. 2F.

[0059] FIG. 3A shows a perspective side view of a manufactured tablet 1 wrapped in aluminum blister 10 and FIG. 3B shows a perspective side view of the tablet 1 without the blister. FIG. 3B shows tablet 1 with a void 30 in the center of the tablet 1.

[0060] FIG. 4 shows a process for preparing a cavity 20 that can be used in the process of FIGS. 2A-2F. In this embodiment, the cavity 20 is formed from an aluminum blister sheet. A blister sheet is placed between two parts of a stamping tool. Other deformable materials for forming the cavity 20 are contemplated and within the scope of the invention. It is preferred that the cavity 20 is formed from a material that can protect the lyophilized tablet from moisture while being stored. A bottom part 22 of the stamping tool has a shape that corresponds to the desired shape of the cavity. A top part 24 of the stamping tool corresponds to the shape of the bottom part 22. Once the blister sheet 10 is placed between the top and bottom parts 24, 22, the top part 24 is moved downward and into the mating cavity of the bottom part 22 and the blister sheet is compressed between the two parts thereby forming a blister 10 with one or more cavities 20 in the blister 10. The person skilled in the art of pharmaceutical packaging will be aware of the many other processes and materials that are suitable for forming the cavities.

[0061] FIG. 5 depicts a blister 10 with a plurality of cavities 20 that can be used in the process of FIGS. 2A-2F. In this embodiment, the cavities 20 are round with a protrusion 26 in the center, such that a tablet will be produced having an annular, donut like shape. In some embodiments, the protrusion 26 is cylindrical, or it may be a tapered cylinder, having a larger diameter at its lower end and a smaller diameter at its upper end, and the void 30 in tablet 1 will have a corresponding tapered volume, to facilitate release of the tablet 1 from its cavity 20. In some embodiments, a very highly tapered cylindrical protrusion 26 will have a truncated conical shape, and the void 30 in tablet 1 will have a corresponding truncated conical shape.

[0062] Other blister cavity protrusion 26 configurations are within the scope of the invention, for example polygonal cross-section protrusions 26 that are three, four, five, six, seven or eight sided, and which may or may not be tapered (for example, pyramidal-shaped protrusions).

[0063] The protrusion 26 in the cavity creates a male molding component around which the tablet 1 forms during lyophilization. The final dosage will have a void that corresponds in shape to the protrusion 26.

[0064] In some embodiments, the cavity may contain multiple protrusions 26 of the same or varying shapes.

[0065] The described shape of cavity 20 with protrusion 26 is advantageous in that it allows close proximity of cooling or heating elements to the pre-lyophilization composition 14 to provide efficient freeze drying of the composition. Furthermore, trademarks or patterns may be embossed on the protrusion 26 which then will appear on the finished tablet 1, to provide visual indications in the finished tablet 1 that the product is genuine and not counterfeit. Preferably, the inclusion of a protrusion to modify the cavity shape will increase the contact surface are during lyophilization by about 5% to about 30%, preferably about 10% to about 25%, most preferably about 15% to about 20%.

[0066] In preferred embodiments, the blister 10 with cavities 20 will be placed on a lyophilization promoting base element 12 prior to filling the pre-lyophilization composition. As shown in FIG. 2B, an aluminum blister 10 is seated in a base element 12 having indentations with shapes which align with and receive the cavities 20 and protrusions 26 of blister 10.

[0067] Exemplary lyophilization promoting base elements 12 that can be used in the lyophilization process are shown in FIGS. 6A-6B and 7A-7B. The lyophilization promoting base elements 12 are an efficient solution for an overall improved lyophilization process with efficient heat transfer and less tablet to tablet variation in the drying process.

[0068] The base elements 12 contain a plurality of base cavities 21, which are preferably round shaped, having a top surface, bottom surface, a depth spanning from the top surface to the bottom surface and a peripheral diameter that are used to receive a blister 10 and cavity 20 to prepare a fast dissolving dosage form having a corresponding shape.

[0069] In some embodiments, the base element 12 comprises a thermally conductive material with a thermal conductivity coefficient λ of about 0.1 to about 400.0 [W/mK] at 20° C. at 1 bar and a co-efficient of linear thermal expansion a of about 1 to about 25 [10.sup.−6° C..sup.−1] at normal temperature.

[0070] In certain embodiments, the lyophilization promoting base element 12 is comprised of material selected from aluminum, copper, iron, bronze, silicon, germanium, antimony, cadmium, cesium, chromium, cobalt, silver, gold, titanium, platinum, carbon and combinations thereof, oxides thereof, or alloys thereof.

[0071] In some preferred embodiments, the base element 12 is comprised of aluminum or oxides of aluminum having high heat conductivity.

[0072] In certain embodiments, the base element 12 is comprised of a hollow polymeric material and a fluid with a negative thermal expansion property.

[0073] In an embodiment shown in FIGS. 7A-7B, the base element 12 contains a plurality of round shaped base cavities 21 having a top surface, bottom surface, a depth spanning from the top surface to the bottom surface and a peripheral diameter that are used to prepare a fast dissolving dosage form. The peripheral diameter of the base cavity 21 is about 0.5 cm to about 4 cm and depth of about 0.5 cm to 4 cm. The base cavity 21 has a base protrusion 28 on its bottom surface having a height that is about 60% to 100% of the depth of the base cavity 21. The diameter of the base protrusion 28 is about 10% to 60% of the peripheral diameter of the base cavity 21. Preferably, the base protrusion 28 is located in the center of the bottom surface of each base cavity 21.

[0074] FIG. 8 shows an exemplary cavity 20 having a protrusion 26 extending upwardly from a floor of the cavity 20 that can be placed over base protrusion 28 of the base element 12 of FIG. 7B. The protrusion 26 has a diameter A or other maximum dimension that is about 10% to 60% of the diameter B of the cavity 20. The depth of the protrusion 26 is substantially the same as the cavity 20 depth C. However, other protrusion 26 depths are within the scope of the invention. Typically, the protrusion 26 depth is about 60% to 100% of the depth C of the cavity 20. Preferably, blister cavity 20 is about 0.5 cm to about 4 cm in diameter and has a depth of about 0.5 cm to 4 cm. Void 30 in tablet 1 has a shape which conforms to the protrusion 26.

[0075] Preferably, the peripheral walls of each base cavity 21 in the base element 12 and the shape of the blister cavity 20 are sized and shaped so that there is a space of no more than 0.5 millimeters between an outer wall of an inserted blister cavity 20 and the base cavity 21 peripheral walls.

[0076] In some embodiments, the base element 12 has a plurality of base cavities 21 having base protrusions 28 and the cavities 20 and protrusions 26 in blister sheet 10 are formed by placing blister sheet 10 on the base element 12 and pressing the blister sheet 10 onto base element 12 to conform the blister sheet 10 to the base element 12.

[0077] The volume of pre-lyophilization solution filled into a cavity 20 is typically about 0.25 mL to about 15 mL, more preferably about 0.50 mL to about 15 mL, most preferably about 0.75 to about 10 mL. The density of the pre-lyophilization solutions will vary depending on the active ingredient(s) but is typically from about 0.1 g/mL to about 1.0 g/mL, more preferably about 0.2 g/mL to about 0.5 g/mL.

[0078] Typically, a tablet made using the process and apparatus described herein will weigh about 0.1 grams to about 10 grams, more preferably about 0.2 grams to about 7 grams, most preferably about 0.25 grams to about 6.5 grams. The weight of the tablet within these ranges will depend on the active ingredient(s) used and the method of treatment.

[0079] The table in FIG. 9 lists proposed tablet dimensions for tablets 1 which could be made in accordance with the invention. In the table of FIG. 9, Outer Diameter B corresponds to a tablet 1 outer diameter, Internal Diameter A corresponds to a tablet 1 void 30 diameter, and Thickness C corresponds to a tablet 1 thickness. A calculated tablet volume, and tablet weight are provided. In the table of FIG. 9, the calculated contact surface area between a prelyophilization solution 14 and a cavity 20 is calculated for a cavity 20 with a protrusion 26 and also for a cavity without a protrusion 26. In general, the contact surface area for a cavity 20 with a protrusion 26 will be 14%-20% greater than in the cavity 20 without a protrusion 26.

[0080] The invention is especially suited to provide orally disintegrating or dissolving (or both) tablets prepared by lyophilization. The following examples are proposed formulations of products particularly suitable for manufacturing using the above described processes to create a tablet form. Examples with Asenapine as the model active are provided.

EXAMPLES

[0081] Example 1: Composition of pre-lyophilization solution for orally disintegrating tablet of Asenapine prepared by lyophilization with density of about 0.075 gm/mL.

TABLE-US-00001 Sr. No. Ingredients Quantity/mL Function 1 Asenapine maleate 5 mg Active 2 Hydroxypropyl cellulose 25 mg Crystallization prohibitor 3 Mannitol 25 mg Bulking agent 4 Sucralose 18 mg Sweetener 5 Citric acid 2 mg Flavoring agent 6 Water (removed during Q.s. to 1 mL Vehicle lyophilization process)

[0082] Example 2: Composition of pre-lyophilization solution for orally disintegrating tablet of Asenapine with density about 0.100 gm/mL

TABLE-US-00002 Sr. No. Ingredients Quantity/mL Function 1 Asenapine maleate 5 mg Active 2 Hydroxypropyl cellulose 37.5 mg Crystallization prohibitor 3 Mannitol 37.5 mg Bulking agent 4 Sucralose 18 mg Sweetener 5 Citric acid 2 mg Flavoring agent 6 Water (removed during Q.s. to 1 mL Vehicle lyophilization process)

[0083] Example 3: Composition of pre-lyophilization solution for orally disintegrating tablet of Asenapine with density about 0.150 gm/mL

TABLE-US-00003 Sr. No. Ingredients Quantity/mL Function 1 Asenapine maleate 5 mg Active 2 Hydroxypropyl cellulose 62.5 mg Crystallization prohibitor 3 Mannitol 62.5 mg Bulking agent 4 Sucralose 18 mg Sweetener 5 Citric acid 2 mg Flavoring agent 6 Water (removed during Q.s. to 1 mL Vehicle lyophilization process)

[0084] Example 4: Composition of pre-lyophilization solution for orally disintegrating tablet of Asenapine with density about 0.200 gm/mL

TABLE-US-00004 Sr. No. Ingredients Quantity/mL Function 1 Asenapine maleate 5 mg Active 2 Hydroxypropyl cellulose 87.5 mg Crystallization prohibitor 3 Mannitol 87.5 mg Bulking agent 4 Sucralose 18 mg Sweetener 5 Citric acid 2 mg Flavoring agent 6 Water (removed during Q.s. to 1 mL Vehicle lyophilization process)

[0085] Example 5: Composition of pre-lyophilization solution for orally disintegrating tablet of Asenapine with density about 0.200 gm/mL

TABLE-US-00005 Sr. No. Ingredients Quantity/mL Function 1 Asenapine maleate 5 mg Active 2 Hydroxypropyl cellulose 50 mg Crystallization prohibitor 3 Mannitol 125 mg Bulking agent 4 Sucralose 18 mg Sweetener 5 Citric acid 2 mg Flavoring agent 6 Water (removed during Q.s. to 1 mL Vehicle lyophilization process)

[0086] Example 6: Composition of pre-lyophilization solution for orally disintegrating tablet of Asenapine with density about 0.150 gm/mL

TABLE-US-00006 Sr. No. Ingredients Quantity/mL Function 1 Asenapine maleate 5 mg Active 2 Polyvinyl pyrrolidone 20 mg Crystallization prohibitor 3 Lactose 105 mg Bulking agent 4 Sucralose 18 mg Sweetener 5 Citric acid 2 mg Flavoring agent 6 Water (removed during Q.s. to 1 mL Vehicle lyophilization process)

[0087] Additional examples are given for Carglumic acid fast disintegrating or dissolving tablets as following.

[0088] Example 7: Composition of lyophilized fast dispersing and/or dissolving tablet of Carglumic acid, 1.8 gm for oral administration.

TABLE-US-00007 Sr. No. Ingredients Quantity/mL Function 1 Carglumic acid 1.8 gm Active 2 Hydroxypropyl cellulose 200 mg Crystallization prohibitor 3 Water (removed during Q.s. to 4 mL Vehicle lyophilization process)

[0089] Example 8: Composition of lyophilized fast dispersing and/or dissolving tablet of Carglumic acid, 1.8 gm for oral administration.

TABLE-US-00008 Sr. No. Ingredients Quantity/mL Function 1 Carglumic acid 1.8 gm Active 2 Sodium lauryl sulfate 4.5 mg Surfactant 3 Cross carmellose 200 mg Crystallization sodium prohibitor/ disintegrating agent 4 Water (removed during Q.s. to 4 mL Vehicle lyophilization process)

[0090] Example 9: Lyophilization cycle of pre-lyophilization solution of orally disintegrating Asenapine tablets filled in aluminum blister with 1 mL fill volume.

TABLE-US-00009 Ramp Time Hold time Stage Temperature (min) (min) Vacuum Freezing −45° C. 150 300 — Primary Drying −45° C. — 10 100 mT −20° C. 250 1000 100 mT −5° C. 250 120 100 mT Secondary Drying 25° C. 375 600 100 mT

[0091] Example 10: Lyophilization cycle of pre-lyophilization solution of orally disintegrating Asenapine tablets filled in aluminum blister with 1 mL fill volume (with annealing step during freezing).

TABLE-US-00010 Ramp Time Hold time Stage Temperature (min) (min) Vacuum Freezing −45° C. 150 120 — −25° C. 60 180 — −45° C. 60 180 — Primary Drying −45° C. — 10 100 mT −20° C. 250 1000 100 mT −5° C. 250 120 100 mT Secondary Drying 25° C. 375 600 100 mT

[0092] Example 11: Lyophilization cycle of pre-lyophilization solution of fast disintegrating Carglumic acid tablets filled in aluminum blister with 4 mL fill volume (with annealing step during freezing).

TABLE-US-00011 Ramp Time Hold time Stage Temperature (min) (min) Vacuum Freezing −45° C. 150 120 — −25° C. 60 180 — −45° C. 60 240 — Primary Drying −45° C. — 10 100 mT −20° C. 250 1500 100 mT −5° C. 250 120 100 mT Secondary Drying 25° C. 375 600 100 mT

[0093] While the present teachings have been described above in terms of specific embodiments and examples, it is to be understood that they are not limited to those disclosed embodiments and examples. Many modifications to the embodiments and examples will come to mind to those skilled in the art to which this pertains, and which are intended to be and are covered by both this disclosure and the appended claims. It is intended that the scope of the present teachings should be determined by proper interpretation and construction of the appended claims and their legal equivalents, as understood by those of skill in the art relying upon the disclosure in this specification and the data tables.