VENTILATION DEVICE, SYSTEM INCLUDING THE VENTILATION DEVICE, AND USES THEREOF

Abstract

This invention relates to a device for ventilating a subject and a system comprising such a device, in particular a virtual reality system. It also relates to a kit comprising such a device or system, as well as a virtual reality content attached to a computer medium. The invention also relates to the applications liable to be made of these devices, system and kit, particularly in the medical, well-being and gaming fields.

Claims

1-18. (canceled)

19. A device (A) for ventilating a subject, said device comprising an oral or oronasal endpiece or an orofacial mask (a) and i) a valve (b) or ii) an inspiration valve (b′) and an expiration valve (c), the valve (b) or valves (b′) and (c) being configured to impose on the subject an expiratory effort greater than his inspiratory effort, the inspiration pressure being between 0 and 10 mbar of resistance, and the expiration pressure being between 1 and 12 mbar of resistance, the pressure values being expressed as an absolute value.

20. The device (A) according to claim 19, wherein the device comprises a valve (b) or an inspiration valve (b′) configured to generate an inspiration pressure between 0 and 3 mbar of resistance, and a valve (b) or an expiration valve (c) configured to generate an expiration pressure between 2.5 and 5 mbar of resistance.

21. The device (A) according to claim 19, wherein the ventilation device (A) further comprises at least one sensor (d) for acquiring data.

22. The device (A) according to claim 21, wherein the sensor is a pressure sensor and/or a flow rate sensor.

23. The device (A) according to claim 19, wherein the device (A) is a second stage of a diving regulator or a simulator of a second stage of a diving regulator.

24. The device (A) according to claim 19, wherein the device (A) further comprises an audio module (D) comprising or being connected to an apparatus (R) comprising two headphones or loudspeakers selected from an audio headset, headphones and earpieces, said audio module (D) being integrated and/or connected to the ventilation device (A), to a device (Z), and/or to a tool (B) for viewing a virtual reality content.

25. The device (A) according to claim 24, wherein the audio module (D) comprises, or is connected to, a means for reducing or cancelling surrounding noise and/or playing a sound identical or similar to a sound generated during the use of a scuba diving regulator under real diving conditions.

26. The device (A) according to claim 24, wherein: the audio module (D) comprises, or is connected to, a means for reducing or cancelling surrounding noises and/or playing a sound identical or similar to a sound generated during the use of a scuba diving regulator; the ventilation device (A) comprises a sensor (d); the device (Z) is connected to the sensor (d) of the ventilation device (A) and to the audio module (D); and the audio module (D) is used to play the inspiratory and expiratory sounds in a way that is synchronized with the ventilation of the subject.

27. The device (A) according to claim 26, wherein the audio module (D) comprises an audio file reader (f) and a memory card (g), said memory card comprising a first sound file for playing an inspiratory sound and a second sound file for playing an expiratory sound; the sensor (d) is a pressure and/or flow rate sensor which delivers a signal; and the device (Z) comprises a processor or a microcontroller (e) which: i) analyses the signal delivered by the pressure and/or flow rate sensor (d) by comparing the pressure level with at least two previously determined pressure thresholds, ii) transmits a signal to the audio file reader (f) which triggers or stops the reading of the first or second sound file according to the inspiratory or expiratory nature of the phase of ventilation in which the subject is, by adapting the intensity of the sound volume as a function of the difference at the two previously determined thresholds, and iii) records the signal(s) delivered by the sensor (d) and/or transmitted to the audio file reader (f).

28. The device (A) according to claim 26, wherein the device (A), comprises, or is connected to, one or more additional sound files for playing one or more sounds at the moment of the inspiration and/or the expiration of the subject, or continuously during the respiratory cycle of the subject, and/or comprises, or is connected to, one or more files forming a medium for a visual content and where applicable forming a medium or media for the sound associated with said visual content.

29. The device (A) according to claim 19, wherein the ventilation device (A) further comprises one or more sensors (d) for detecting and measuring at least one physiological parameter of the subject selected from respiratory frequency, a respiratory volume, expiratory capnia, cardiac frequency, heart coherence, sympatho-vagal balance and the electrical activity of an organ.

30. A system (X) comprising a ventilation device (A) according to claim 21, and a device (Z) for receiving, storing, processing and/or transmitting data acquired by the device (A).

31. The system (X) according to claim 30, wherein the system (X) further comprises a means (H) for modulating the temperature of all or part of the scalp of the subject by means of a liquid or a gas and/or a means (I) for delivering/ generating electrical impulses across all or part of the scalp of the subject.

32. A virtual reality system (Y) comprising a ventilation device (A) according to claim 19 or a system (X) comprising said ventilation device (A) and a device (Z) for receiving, storing, processing and/or transmitting data acquired by the device (A), and a tool (B) for viewing a virtual reality content and/or an audio module (D) for listening to a virtual reality content.

33. The system (Y) according to claim 32, wherein the tool (B) for viewing a virtual reality content comprises a screen and a number of lenses and is, optionally, selected from a headset, a visor, a mask and a pair of virtual reality glasses.

34. The system (Y) according to claim 33, wherein the tool (B) for viewing a virtual reality content comprises an integrated operating system or is connected to a tool for playing a virtual reality content (C), the tool for playing a virtual reality content being selected from a computer, a memory card, a games console, a smartphone and the Internet.

35. A kit comprising a device (A) according to claim 19 and a virtual reality content attached to a computer medium.

36. A method of simulating a scuba dive, a flight, a voyage, a visit to a site of interest or the virtual world of an electronic game comprising the use of a device according to claim 19 by a subject in a simulation of a scuba dive, a flight, a voyage, a visit to a site of interest or the virtual world of an electronic game.

37. A method for preventing or treating, in a subject, a disease or a disorder related to stress or anxiety, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, panic attacks, or attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity (ADHD), a symptom of said disease or of said disorder, and/or migraine, characterized in that the method comprises the use of a device (A) according to claim 19 by the subject to prevent or treat the disease, disorder and/or migraine in the subject, alone or in combination with one or more gases and/or one or more active molecules used in the prevention or treatment of the disease, disorder, symptom of said disease or of said disorder and/or migraine.

Description

KEY TO THE FIGURES

[0162] The patent or application file contains at least one drawing executed in color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication with color drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and payment of the necessary fee.

FIG. 1: Section of the Ventilation Device (A) and Ventilatory Flow

[0163] FIG. 1 shows a section of a ventilation device (A) according to an embodiment of the invention. The arrows symbolize the movement of the gas mixture (air or other) through the device and through its environment. In this embodiment, the double-line arrows show the path of the gas mixture in the inspiratory phase. The gas mixture passes through the one-way inspiratory valve (1) then crosses the ventilation chamber (2) and the mouthpiece (3) in order to be inhaled (inspired) by the user. The arrows in dotted bold lines show the path of the gas mixture in the expiratory phase. The gas mixture passes through the mouthpiece (3), then crosses the ventilation chamber (2) and passes through the one-way expiratory valve (4) to arrive in the outside environment.

FIG. 2: Section of a Ventilation Device (A) Including Valves With Adjustable Inspiratory and Expiratory Breathing Resistance and Independent Means for Declutching From the Ventilation Breathing Resistance

[0164] FIG. 2 shows a section of a ventilation device (A) according to an embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the inspiratory brake valve (1) includes a screw for adjusting/taring the inspiratory breathing resistance (a), an inspiratory breathing resistance spring (b) and a one-way inspiratory valve (c). The subject can work the taring screw (a) to adjust the resistance of the breathing resistance spring (b) which restricts the inspiratory valve (c). The expiratory brake valve (4) includes a screw for adjusting/taring the expiratory breathing resistance (d), an expiratory breathing resistance spring (e) and a one-way expiratory valve (f). The subject can work the taring screw (d) to adjust the resistance of the breathing resistance spring (e) which restricts the expiratory valve (f).

[0165] During the inspiration phase, the gas mixture located in the ventilation chamber (2) passes into the oral or oronasal endpiece (3) and generates a depressurization in the ventilation chamber (2); when the depressurization value reaches the tare value of the inspiratory breathing resistance spring (b) the inspiratory valve (c) opens and allows the gas mixture to pass through the chamber and the mouthpiece to supply the user. The one-way expiratory valve (4) remains closed, since it does not function during a depressurization in the chamber (2).

[0166] During the expiration phase, the gas mixture expired by the user passes through the mouthpiece (3) and the chamber (2); the pressure rises therein. When the pressure value reaches the tare value of the expiratory breathing resistance spring (e), the expiratory valve (f) opens and lets the gas mixture pass from the chamber to the outside environment of the ventilation device (A). The one-way inspiratory valve (1) remains closed in this phase, since it does not function with a positive pressure in the chamber (2).

[0167] The buttons for declutching the inspiratory and expiratory breathing resistance, (g) and (h) respectively, allow the user, when he exerts pressure on them, to independently release the inspiratory or/and expiratory brakes by releasing the compressive stresses on the springs.

[0168] The ventilation pressure sensor (5) and ventilation flow meter sensor (6) modules installed in the chamber (2) are used to communicate to the system (z) the physiological ventilation data of the user.

FIG. 3: Section of a Ventilation Device (A) Including Valves With Adjustable Inspiratory and Expiratory Breathing Resistance and a Bypass Diaphragm Drivable by the User

[0169] FIG. 3 shows a section of a ventilation device (A) according to an embodiment of the invention. In this embodiment, the inspiratory brake valve (1) includes a screw for adjusting/taring the inspiratory breathing resistance (a), an inspiratory breathing resistance spring (b) and a one-way inspiratory valve (c). The subject can work the taring screw (a) to adjust the resistance of the breathing resistance spring (b) which restricts the inspiratory valve (c). The expiratory brake valve (4) includes an expiratory breathing resistance adjusting screw (d), an expiratory breathing resistance spring (e) and a one-way expiratory valve (f). The subject can work the taring screw (d) to adjust the resistance of the breathing resistance spring (e) which restricts the expiratory valve (f).

[0170] During the inspiration phase, the gas mixture located in the ventilation chamber (2) passes into the oral or oronasal endpiece (3) and generates a depressurization in the ventilation chamber (2). When the depressurization reaches the tare value of the inspiratory breathing resistance spring (b) the inspiratory valve (c) opens and allows the gas mixture to pass through the chamber and the mouthpiece to supply the user. The one-way expiratory valve (4) remains closed, since it does not function during a depressurization in the chamber (2).

[0171] During the expiration phase, the gas mixture expired by the user passes through the mouthpiece (3) and the chamber (2). The pressure rises therein. When the pressure value reaches the tare value of the expiratory breathing resistance spring (e), the expiratory valve (f) opens and lets the gas mixture pass from the chamber to the outside of the ventilation device (A). The one-way inspiratory valve (1) remains closed in this phase, since it does not function with a positive pressure in the chamber (2).

[0172] The chamber (2) may also comprise a declutching diaphragm (i) for disabling and bypassing the brake valves (1 and 4). This declutching diaphragm (i) acts as a safety against the level of solid obstruction of the system, which requires a complete absence of obstacles to inspiration and/or to expiration.

[0173] The ventilation pressure sensor (5) and ventilation flow rate sensor (6) modules installed in the chamber (2) are used to communicate to the system (Z) the physiological ventilation data of the user.

FIG. 4: Schematic Representation of an Example of a (Control) System Z

[0174] FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of an example of a (control) system Z. The (control) system Z represented comprises a processor (e) receiving the signals delivered by the sensors of the ventilation device A. This processor (e) drives the audio module D, the module H allowing the thermal adjustment of the scalp and the module I for delivering electrical impulses to the scalp. The processor (e) also records the data received from the sensors of the ventilation device A on a recording module (n) and preferably has means of wireless communication to a recording PC (K). The system Z is powered by a battery (m) rechargeable when the system Z is connected to an external power supply (J). Moreover, J can be the programming PC used to install the software of the control system Z.

FIG. 5: Schematic Representation of an Example of an Audio Module D

[0175] FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of an example of an audio module D. The audio module D represented comprises a digital input intended to receive orders to read a sound file or files and orders to adjust the sound level, from the processor (e) of the control system Z. The audio file reader (f) executes the orders of the processor (e) of the (control) system Z and compiles a primary audio stream by reading the sound files recorded on the memory card (g). The mixer/amplifier (o) mixes the primary audio stream coming from the audio file reader (f) with a secondary audio stream coming from the secondary audio source (S). The sound levels of each stream in the mixed audio stream are adjustable via the potentiometers (p) and (q). The mixed audio stream is sent to the audio headset (R).

[0176] FIG. 6: Graph showing the variation in test subjects of the respiratory frequency (per minute) allowed by the device (A) according to the invention.

[0177] FIG. 7: Graph showing the variation in test subjects of the capnia (in mm Hg) allowed by the device (A) according to the invention.

[0178] FIG. 8: Graph showing the variation in test subjects of the tidal volume (in milliliters) allowed by the device (A) according to the invention.

[0179] FIG. 9: (A) single-flow valve combined with an adjustable diaphragm: the single-flow valve makes it possible to guide the direction of flow of the gas. The variation of the diaphragm makes it possible to adjust the respiratory pressure (effort); (B) valve tared to an opening pressure: The valve makes it possible to guide the direction of flow of the gas. The taring of the spring makes it possible to adjust the respiratory pressure (effort); (C) butterfly valve: The single-flow valve makes it possible to guide the direction of flow of the gas. The variation of the angle of the butterfly tap makes it possible to adjust the respiratory pressure (effort).

FIG. 10: Graphic Showing the Variation in Cardiac Frequency (Heart Rate) in a Subject Who Has Never Undergone a Virtual Reality Experience When he Uses a System (Y) According to the Invention

[0180] The protocol followed comprises the following steps: [0181] 1) subject at rest [not equipped with the system (Y)]: the phase lasts 3 minutes, the time it takes to allow the subject to return to his resting heart rate; [0182] 2) the subject uses the system (Y) according to the invention for approximately 5 minutes: he views a film using a tool (B), breathes through the mouthpiece of the device (A) but has no sound feedback. After a first phase of adapting his heart rate becomes stabilized at a level lower than his resting heart rate; [0183] 3) the audio module (D) located in the system (Y) is engaged. This step lasts approximately 5 minutes: after an adaptation phase, the heart rate of the subject decreases still further to reach the lowest level of the experiment, thus allowing the subject to tend toward a state of heart coherence.

EXPERIMENTAL PART

“BATHYSMED” (“BTY”) Protocol

[0184] The Bathysmed protocol is based on the combination of: [0185] Sessions of mental preparation, meditation, sophrology and psychoeducation. [0186] Diving theory classes. [0187] Non-narcotic scuba diving sessions incorporating sophrology, relaxation and meditation exercises. These exercises are explained beforehand and rehearsed on land.

Diving Theory

[0188] In France, the practice of diving is subject to compliance with the “sports code”. To be able to exceed a depth of 6 meters, the subject must acquire a certain amount of theoretical knowledge about the hyperbaric environment to prevent the risk of diving accidents. During the protocol, this theoretical knowledge has been taught and validated by an MCQ.

Psychoeducation

[0189] This covered the psychophysiological aspects of PTSD (origins, symptoms and reactions), so that the patient could better understand his reactions and their functions. He was thus able to develop a feeling of control and consequently reduce his anxiety.

In-Class Introduction to BTY Diving Exercises and Sophrology, Relaxation and Meditation Sessions

[0190] In most meditative practice, the session is conducted verbally by a guide. In sophrology, the Terpnos Logos concept involves a verbal action and denotes the way in which the sophrologist addresses the sophrology students. The impossibility of communicating verbally underwater meant that a thorough understanding was required before the start of the diving exercises. The protocol consequently made provision for teaching the method via demonstration videos, followed by meditation training which was then replicated during the dive.

[0191] The sophrology, relaxation and meditation session followed the following plan: [0192] 1. Know how to breathe appropriately [0193] 2. Know how to use one’s breath to relax [0194] 3. Know how to use one’s breath to reinforce one’s energy and motivation [0195] 4. Learn to visualize something positive [0196] 5. Learn to visualize a future project [0197] 6. Learn to draw on one’s personal capabilities [0198] 7. Prepare for life after the course constructively [0199] 8. Identify one’s personal values

The BTY Dive

[0200] This had the aim of stimulating the psychology and physical body using specific exercises done in immersion. The dives were split into 3 periods. The 4 first dives were focused on feedback on the present moment, the development of the reappropriation of bodily sensations and the reactivation of concentration. The 5 to 8 dives, focused on the contemplative state, had to reinforce the psychological aspects and allow the reincorporation of the mind-body pair into consciousness. During this section, the subject was made to visualize and envisage a future from another angle. Finally, the 2 last dives aimed to consolidate the feeling of confidence by valuing the personal capabilities and letting go.

Benefit/Risk Ratio

[0201] Scuba diving generates certain physiological stresses related to immersion and pressure increases. The main risks are desaturation accidents related to the release of nitrogen in bubble form during decompression, barotrauma following variations in the gas volumes in the air cavities of the organism during depth variation, toxic accidents generated by the increase in the partial pressure of the ventilated gas when the ambient pressure increases and immersion pulmonary oedema (IPO) caused by heart overload and weakening of the lungs, usually related to an effort while immersed in cold water with an increase in ventilatory stress. Drowning can also occur in this situation. It is usually secondary to a technical incident, an equipment problem and/or loss of consciousness. In view of these factors, the protocol does not include any dive at a depth above 20 meters in order to reduce the risks of desaturation accidents and toxic accidents. To limit barotrauma accidents related to the failure to control descent and ascent speeds in beginners, the two first dives are done in swimming pools in order to easily evaluate the level of comfort and stress of the subjects and to form homogenous groups for dives in the sea. During the whole course, the depths intended to be reached are very gradual and the student/monitor ratio varies from 4 for 1, for subjects who are very comfortable, to 2 for 1 for the least aquatic, and to 1 for 1 for those exhibiting significant stress. Since depth has little impact on the successful completion of the protocol, all the session objectives can be achieved at a depth of 3 meters. Each monitor included in the program held a professional diploma, experience in the field of training in underwater activities and specific training in the management and physiopathology of stress. All the monitors had previously completed a sophrology training course.

Example 1 - Evaluation of the Effects of the Ventilation Device on the Respiratory Frequency of the Subject Using the Ventilation Device (A) According to the Invention

[0202] Introduction: mindful meditation and the Bathysmed protocol have the common objectives of controlling, and typically reducing, respiratory frequency by privileging the expiratory phase in order to modulate the cardiac frequency (preferably reduce it) and thus achieve a state of heart coherence. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the ventilation device (A) on the respiratory parameters among healthy volunteer subjects.

[0203] Method: 20 adult volunteer subjects were evaluated. After a preliminary period of stationary lying down for a duration of 5 minutes, respiratory data were collected before and after 5 minutes of use of the ventilation device (A) in the half-sitting position at 45°. Among the data gathered were the respiratory frequency per minute, which has a usual average at rest of 15±2 per minute; the tidal volume (Vc), i.e. the lung volume for normal cycles at rest; and the capnia, which is the rate of expired CO.sub.2, the latter being correlated with the minute ventilation.

[0204] Results: Between the reference period and that of the end of use of the device (A), the cardiac frequency dropped from 72±13 beats per minute to 64±5 beats per minute, the respiratory frequency dropped from 15±5 cycles per minute to 11±4 (FIG. 6), and the capnia (rate of expired CO.sub.2) was reduced from 35±5 to 33 ±3 mm Hg (FIG. 7) following an increase in the tidal volume from 584 ±86 ml to 1100 ±382 ml (FIG. 8).

[0205] Conclusions: The use of the device (A) therefore promotes the state of heart coherence with a reduction in the cardiac frequency and in the respiratory frequency in association with an increase in the respiratory volumes (tidal volume), and with a drop in capnia among the test subjects. All these modifications are induced spontaneously in the test subjects using the ventilation device (A) according to the invention, i.e. independently of any intention or deliberate action of the test subjects.

Example 2 - Evaluation of the Effects of the Virtual Reality System (Y) According to the Invention on Parameters Associated With Heart Coherence in a Subject Using Said System

[0206] Introduction: The ventilation device (A) according to the invention can be integrated into a virtual reality system (Y) comprising means for replicating a sensory experience acting on the senses such as hearing, sight, touch, smell or position in space. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the combination of these means on the beneficial physiological effects observed during use of the ventilation device (A) of the invention leading to the state of heart coherence in volunteer subjects, either healthy or suffering from PTSD.

[0207] Method: A mask for viewing a virtual reality content was placed on the eyes of the user of the virtual reality system (Y) according to the invention. The virtual reality system has the aim of simulating a scuba dive. Each session lasts from 15 to 30 minutes, in particular from 17 to 25 minutes. The conducting of successive sessions makes it possible to gradually bring the diving user to perform virtual dives at shallow depth (¾ meters) then medium depth (10/15 meters).

[0208] While viewing any image, for example a blue background, the user heard a pre-session talk. After a session of sophrology/mental preparation of a duration of 2 to 3 minutes allowing the subject to become aware of his posture, stabilize his ventilation and acquire muscle relaxation, a film of a duration of approximately 15 minutes was projected to him using a virtual reality system (Y) according to the invention. Cardiac and respiratory data was collected at least before and after the conducting of the session of use of the virtual reality system, preferably before then throughout the session.

[0209] The film, divided into several phases of 1 to 5 minutes, for example includes the following sequences: [0210] (a) user/diver at the surface, duration of approximately 1 minute: the user/diver is guided by a voice overlaid on the sound simulating breathing, [0211] (b) descent to a seabed, duration of approximately 1 minute, [0212] (c) pause on the sand, duration of approximately 1 minute: the user/diver contemplates the landscape and the sound simulating breathing is adjusted, [0213] (d) seeing of a monitor guiding the user by signs (movements to be made or poses to be taken for example), optionally in the presence of a voice-over, followed by a series of exercises starting with approximately 1 minute during which the user/diver closes his eyes and turns his attention to the sound and the depth of his breathing. Then the user/diver re-opens his eyes when a previously determined sound is emitted and observes the monitor performing a demonstration of the exercises to then be applied (i.e. sophrology exercises 1 to 4 of the “BTY” protocol). The user/diver closes his eyes again and lets himself be guided by a voice-over or a series of sounds for approximately 3 to 7 minutes, [0214] (e) quiet walk around, duration approximately 4 to 5 minutes, [0215] (f) pause on the sand before the re-ascent, duration approximately 1 minute: the diver watches the surface before starting to reascend, takes a few restimulation inspirations and reascends to the surface, [0216] (g) arrival at the surface, quiet time during which a voice-over directs the attention of the diver to the water-surface transition, duration approximately 1 minute.

[0217] During step (d), the exercise of a duration of approximately 2 to 4 minutes have the aim of making the user aware of his five senses and/or all or part of his body by way of images of his own palms moving and/or images of 3D motion or rotation.

[0218] As a function of the depth of the descent done in step (b), i.e. ¾ m, 10 m or 15 m maximum, the quiet walk around of step (e) is for example done in reefs of ⅚ m with views of the surface, in reefs of ⅞ m and/or at the edge of a drop or a slope.

[0219] The first session or first two sessions are done without entering the water (virtual), unlike the following sessions where virtual entry into the water is done from a boat for example by a straight jump for a duration of approximately one minute prior to step (a).

[0220] The more sessions the user/diver performs, the more he will be proposed varied exercises such as for example apnea exercises (for example a sequence of steps comprising a step of ventilation with full respiratory cycles then a step of apnea lasting 20 seconds then a step of recovery by ventilation with full respiratory cycle(s) lasting 40 to 60 seconds), where applicable coupled to the visualization of bubbles breathed out by the user/diver, or positive diving visualization exercises by an alternation of opening/closing of the eyes of the user/diver.

[0221] Results: A state of heart coherence is attained among users of the virtual reality system (Y) of the invention and/or the beneficial effects related to this state persist for at least 1 month, preferably at least 3 months, still preferably at least 6 months after the sessions are conducted.

Example 3 - Evaluation of the Effects of the Virtual Reality System (Y) According to the Invention on the Cardiac Frequency (Heart Rate) in a Subject Using Said System

[0222] The cardiac frequency of a subject who has never undergone any virtual reality experience was measured before and during the use of a virtual reality system (Y) according to the invention (see FIG. 10).

[0223] The followed protocol comprised the following steps: [0224] 1) subject at rest [not equipped with the system (Y)]: the phase lasts 3 minutes, the time it takes to allow the subject to return to his resting heart rate; [0225] 2) the subject uses the system (Y) according to the invention during approximately 5 minutes: he views a film using a tool (B), breathes through the mouthpiece of the device (A) but has no sound feedback. After a first phase of adaptation, his heart rate stabilizes at a level lower than his resting heart rate; [0226] 3) the audio module (D) located in the system (Y) is engaged. This step lasts approximately 5 minutes: after a phase of adaptation, the heart rate of the subject further decreases to reach the lowest level of the experiment, thus allowing the subject to tend toward a state of heart coherence.

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