Grape plant named ‘A-1400’

Abstract

The new cultivar of grape originated from a hand-pollinated cross of ‘Dunstan-210’ (female parent, not patented) and ‘Black Monukka’ (male parent, not patented) made in 1970. The seedlings fruited in the summer of 1973 in a vineyard near Clarksville, Ark. and one was selected for its potential as a table grape for utilization in the southern United States. The original vine was tested as ‘Ark. 1400’. The new cultivar of grapevine is a white, seedless table grape which provides advancements in Pierce's Disease tolerance (Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al.) for the southern region of the United States. This cultivar produces large, attractive fruit clusters with berries that have a neutral flavor and palatable, thin skin.

Claims

1. A new and distinct cultivar of grapevine named ‘A-1400’ is substantially illustrated and described herein.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PHOTOGRAPHS

(1) The accompanying photographs show typical specimens of the new cultivar in color as nearly true as it is reasonably possible to make in a color illustration of this character.

(2) FIG. 1 is a photograph showing typical cluster of healthy fruit on a five-year-old vine, near Somerville, Tex.

(3) FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the leaf adaxial (left) and abaxial (right) view, near Somerville, Tex. Leaves were collected from a five-year-old vine.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW CULTIVAR

(4) ‘A-1400’ differs from the female parent, ‘Dunstan-210’, in that ‘A-1400’ produces green-skinned and seedless fruit, in contrast to ‘Dunstan-210’ which is blue-skinned and seeded. ‘A-1400’ differs from the male parent ‘Black Monukka’. ‘A-1400’ has green fruit skin as opposed to the dark purple to black fruit skin of ‘Black Monukka’. ‘A-1400’ is unique from similar cultivars. The proposed variety blooms an average of 4 days earlier than ‘Victoria Red’ (non-patented variety). Berry weight of ‘A-1400’ averages 2.3 g, which is 4.6 g smaller than ‘Victoria Red’ (ave. 6.9 g). The pH juice of ‘A-1400’ is slightly higher than that of ‘Victoria Red’, measuring 3.96 and 3.84, respectively.

(5) The following is a detailed description of the botanical and pomological characteristics of the subject grapevine. Color data are presented in Royal Horticultural Society Colour Chart designations, 1986 version, second edition.

(6) Where dimensions, sizes, colors and other characteristics are given, it is to be understood that such characteristics are approximations of averages set forth as accurately as practicable.

(7) The descriptions reported herein are from specimens grown near Somerville, Tex. Vines used for measurement were irrigated using trickle (drip) irrigation. Vines were fertilized annually in spring with Nitrogen or complete fertilizers. No shoot or leaf thinning practices were conducted on the vines. Vine: Size.—Evaluation vines are grown on a 1.5 m tall, single-wire trellis, bilateral cordon training system spaced 2.4 m between vines. Vines occupy this space fully. Growth vigor.—Moderate, not excessive. Density of foliage.—Moderate. Productivity.—5.5 kg/vine in Somerville, Tex. and 15.9 kg/vine in Stephenville, Tex. Rootstock.—‘1103 Paulsen’ at Somerville, Tex. and Stephenville, Tex. Cold hardiness.—Hardy to −12.7° C. (9° F.); potentially hardier as this was the coldest temperature experienced at the test site. Shoots (current-season canes): Color of shoots (current-season canes).—Sun exposed surface: yellow-green group (144A); shaded surface: yellow-green group (144A); no presence of anthocyanin on any portion of the current season shoots. Shoot attitude.—Upright. Openness of shoot tip.—Half-open. Prostrate hairs on young shoot tip.—Absent. Erect hairs on the internodes.—Present, Medium density. Canes (mature, dormant): Color of mature, dormant cane.—Base: brown group (199A); midpoint: brown group (199A); terminal: brown group (199B); anthocyanin pigments are absent on mature canes. Texture of mature, dormant canes.—Moderately rough-textured. Shape of dormant cane.—Round. Length of mature, dormant canes.—2.07 m. Diameter of mature, dormant cane.—Base: 1.01 cm; midpoint: 0.81 cm; terminal: 0.15 cm. Internode length of mature, dormant canes.—Base: 7.65 cm; midpoint: 5.07 cm; terminal: 2.21 cm. Lenticels.—Absent. Maturity in the fall.—Canes were mature to tips in the fall. Trunk: Diameter at 30 cm above soil level.—7.30 cm. Shape.—Round to oval. Trunk straps.—Present. Surface texture.—Rough, with exfoliating bark. Color.—Inner bark color: brown group (199A); outer bark color: brown group (199D). Foliage: Arrangement of mature leaves.—Simple. Shape of mature leaves.—Lobed. Number of lobes on mature leaves.—2 lobes. Petiole sinus of mature leaves.—Slightly to wide open; depth: 3.15 cm; width: 0.94 cm. Venation of mature leaves.—Reticulate. Teeth shape of mature leaves.—Serrate, typically both sides of teeth convex. Size of teeth.—Depth: 5.32 mm; width: 7.4 mm. Surface texture of mature leaves.—Abaxial surface: smooth, no blistering; adaxial surface: smooth, no blistering. Dimensions of mature leaves.—Length: 13.24 cm; width: 11.30 cm; thickness: <1.00 mm. Pubescence on mature leaves.—Abaxial surface: none; adaxial surface: none; prostrate hairs between main veins: absent; amount of erect hairs on main veins: absent. Color of mature leaves.—Base abaxial: green group (140B); base adaxial: yellow-green group (144D); midpoint abaxial: green group (140B); midpoint adaxial: yellow-green group (144D); terminal abaxial: yellow-green group (144D); terminal adaxial: yellow-green group (144D); no anthocyanin on any portion of mature leaves. Autumn coloration of mature leaves.—Abaxial surface: yellow-green group (145B); adaxial surface: yellow-green group (145C); anthocyanins: absent. Color of veins on mature leaves.—Abaxial surface: yellow-green group (150B); adaxial surface: yellow-green group (150B); no anthocyanins on any portion leaf veins. Leaf pubescence on young leaves.—Abaxial surface: absent; adaxial surface: absent. Color of young leaves.—Base abaxial: greyed-orange group (167A); base adaxial: greyed-orange group (167A); midpoint abaxial greyed-orange group (167A); midpoint adaxial: greyed-orange group (167A); terminal abaxial: greyed-orange group (167A); terminal adaxial: greyed-orange group (167A); anthocyanins present on leaves uniformly giving them orange tint described above: greyed-orange group (167A). Vein color of young leaves.—Abaxial surface: yellow-green group (145B); adaxial surface: yellow-green group (145B). Texture of young leaf veins.—Abaxial surface: smooth; adaxial surface: smooth. Petioles: Color of mature petioles.—Yellow-green group (145B); sun-exposed areas are greyed-red group (38D). Anthocyanin presence, mature petioles.—Yes, on sun-exposed areas; color: red group (38D). Dimensions of mature petioles.—Length: 5.52 cm; diameter: 1.30 mm. Color of young petioles.—Yellow-green group (145B). Anthocyanin presence, young petioles.—Absent. Dimensions of young petioles.—Length: 2.59 cm; diameter: 0.17 mm. Tendrils: First tendril found at node number.—3 to 6. Orientation.—Opposite. Dimensions.—Length: 9.71 cm; diameter: 0.37 mm. Texture.—Smooth, no pubescence present. Color of mature tendril.—Yellow-green group (145B). Shape and tendency.—Tendrils are forked and curl. Buds: Number of buds on current, single-season cane.—50. Dimensions of dormant buds.—Diameter: 5.26 mm; length: 5.02 mm. Shape of dormant buds.—Pyramidal to rounded pyramid (teardrop). Color of dormant buds.—Brown group (199A). Texture of dormant buds.—Smooth, no pubescence. Bud break.—4 March, early. Disease resistance: Vines were evaluated for presence of the following diseases.—Powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator Schw. (syns. Uncinula necator (Schw.) Burr., E. tuckeri Berk., U. americana Howe, and U. spiralis Berk. & Curt; anamorph Oidium tuckeri Berk.), downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola Berl. & de Toni.), anthracnose (Elsinoë ampelina Shear), and black rot (Guignardia bidwellii Viala & Ravaz). Less susceptible to downy mildew than ‘Blanc Du Bois’. Fungal disease can be controlled by the use of available fungicides. No symptoms of Pierce's Disease (Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al.) were experienced at either Texas location where Pierce's Disease is common. Flower: Fragrance.—Moderate. Sex.—Perfect, hermaphrodite. Bloom dates.—First bloom: 8 April; full bloom: 12 April; last bloom: 17 April. Flowers per cluster.—321. Inflorescence dimensions.—Length: 12.40 cm; diameter: 5.10 cm. Flower dimensions.—Length: 6.58 mm; diameter: 6.58 mm. Flower longevity.—<7 days, flowers mature and transition to fruit development quickly. Flower shape.—Typical grape flower with calyptra, inconspicuous. Stamens: Number.—5. Color.—Filament: yellow group (4D); anther: yellow group 4C. Pistil: Number.—1. Length.—1.92 mm. Color.—Yellow-green group (149C). Pollen: Color.—Yellow group 4C. Quantity.—Moderate. Petal: Number.—6. Color.—Yellow-green group (149C). Sepals: Absent. Pedicel: Dimensions.—Length: 0.86 cm; diameter: 0.15 cm. Color.—Yellow-green group (149C). Fruit: Maturity.—6 July. Berry shape.—Ellipsoid. Berry color.—Skin: yellow-green group (150A); flesh: yellow group (1D); anthocyanins: absent from flesh and skin. Berry dimensions.—Diameter at equator: 1.85 cm; diameter at base: 1.65 cm; diameter at apex: 1.18 cm; length: 1.66 cm. Berry weight.—2.30 g. Berry skin texture.—Crisp, thin, non-slip. Firmness.—Soft. Skin thickness.—<1 mm. Tenacity.—Moderate, does not rupture easily. Brush length.—4.58 mm. Seeds.—Considered seedless; small, rudimentary seed traces present but undetectable while eating. Juiciness.—Moderate to high. Flavor.—Neutral, good balance of sugar and acid. Juice: Soluble solids.—16.0%. Titratable acidity.—4.61 g/L tartaric acid. ph.—3.96. Color.—Yellow-green group (149D). Cluster: Weight.—237.42 g. Cluster dimensions.—Length: 23.10 cm; width: 10.00 cm. Berries per cluster.—123. Cluster per vine.—34. Clusters per shoot.—2. Peduncle (primary).—Length: 2.27 cm; diameter: 2.88 mm; color: yellow-green group (149C). Density.—Dense. Shipping quality: Keeping quality.—Berry quality was maintained at 41° F. at 80-90% relative humidity for 21 days. Use: Fresh market seedless table grape with good yield potential and tolerance to Pierce's disease adapted to the southern United States. This variety is intended for local market sales.