SELF-MODIFYING AGITATION PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR SUPPORT REMOVAL IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING AND 3D PRINTED MATERIAL

Abstract

A process for support material removal for 3D printed parts wherein the part is placed in a media filled tank and support removal is optimized in a multi-parameter system through an artificial intelligence process which may include, but is not limited to, the use of historical data, parametric testing data, normal support removal data, and outputs from other support removal AI models to generate optimally efficient use of each parameter in terms of pulse repetition interval (PRI) and cycle time as defined by pulse width (PW). The input parameters may include heat, circulation, ultrasound and chemical reaction, which are used in sequence and/or in parallel, to optimize efficiency of support removal. Sequentially and/or in parallel, heat, pump circulation and ultrasound may vary in application or intensity. Selection of means of agitation depends on monitored feedback from the support removal tank and application of a statistically dynamic rule based system (SDRBS).

Claims

1. An apparatus for support material removal, comprising: a chamber operatively arranged to receive a part having support material; a media placed within said chamber, said media encompassing said part; a temperature control unit arranged to vary a temperature of said media within said chamber; an agitator arranged to agitate said media within said chamber; a pump operatively arranged to circulate said media within said chamber; a first sensor operatively arranged to detect a first set of parameters of said media; and, a control unit communicatively connected to said first sensor, wherein during operation of the apparatus, said first sensor transmits said first set of parameters to said control unit, said control unit analyzes said first set of parameters to determine a second set of parameters of said media, said control unit outputting said second set of parameters to said temperature control unit, said pump, and said agitator.

2. The apparatus for support removal recited in claim 1, wherein said part is made from additive manufacturing and said support material is created due to the additive manufacturing process.

3. The apparatus for support removal recited in claim 1, further comprising a second sensor operatively arranged to view said part within said chamber to take a measurement of an amount of said support material removed from said part, said second sensor transmits said measurement to said control unit, said measurement analyzed by said control unit in combination with said first set of parameters to determine said second set of parameters of said media.

4. The apparatus for support removal recited in claim 3, wherein said second sensor is an optical, infrared, thermal, or acoustic sensor.

5. The apparatus for support removal recited in claim 1, wherein said media is a fluid, a plurality of abrasive bodies, or a combination of both.

6. The apparatus for support removal recited in claim 1, wherein said parameters comprise media pressure, agitation intensity, or temperature.

7. A method of removing support material from a part, comprising: determining a first set of parameters of a media arranged within a chamber; subjecting a part with support material to said media having said first set of parameters over a first time interval; determining a second set of parameters of said media prior to the end of said first time interval; subjecting said part with support material to said media having said second set of parameters over a second time interval, said second time interval being shorter than said first time interval; repeating said method over a plurality of consecutive time intervals until a run time for said method has been reached; and, removing said part from said media after said run time for said method has been reached.

8. The method of support material removal as recited in claim 7, further comprising: measuring an effect said media has on said support material over said first time interval via a sensor operatively arranged to view said part during said process; comparing said effect said media has on said part over said first time interval to a computer-generated model of said part; and, determining an amount of said support material which remains attached to said part.

9. The method of support material removal as recited in claim 7, further comprising: receiving a data set from said user in order to set said set of first parameters of said media; measuring the temperature, agitation level, or pump pressure of said media via a sensor operatively arranged to read in data from said media; and, determining the second set of parameters of said media by using said measurements of said media.

10. The method of support material removal as recited in claim 7, wherein said media is a fluid, a plurality of abrasive bodies, or a combination of both.

11. The method of support material removal as recited in claim 7, wherein said set of first parameters is determined from a parameter history database.

12. The method of support material removal as recited in claim 7, wherein an effect said media has on said part over said first time interval is compared to a computer-generated model of said part to determine an amount of support material which remains attached to said part.

13. The method of support material removal as recited in claim 7, further comprising measuring an effect said media having said second parameters imparts on said support material over said second time interval via a first sensor, said first time interval being longer in length than said second time interval.

14. An apparatus for removal of support material from a 3D printed part, comprising: a chamber for containing a fluid media; an agitator operative to agitate the fluid media; a sensor operative to detect at least one of the 3D printed part, the support material, or the fluid media during agitation of the fluid media; and a control unit configured to be responsive to an output of the sensor and based on said output operative to determine a change in an operating parameter, and further said control unit configured to apply said change in the operating parameter to operation of the apparatus.

15. The apparatus of claim 14 further comprising: a heating unit operative to heat the fluid media.

16. The apparatus of claim 14 further comprising: a. a transducer operative to apply ultrasonic waves to the fluid media.

17. The apparatus of claim 14 further comprising: a. a pump operative to circulate the fluid media in the chamber.

18. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said change in the operating parameter includes at least one of temperature or agitation.

19. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said sensor detects at least one of: temperature, pH, agitation of said fluid media, pressure, an amount of support material remaining on the 3D printed part, or an amount of support material removed from the 3D printed part.

20. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein said sensor is an optical, infrared, thermal, or acoustic sensor.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The nature and mode of operation of the present invention will now be more fully described in the following detailed description of the invention taken with the accompanying figures, in which:

[0028] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a support material removal apparatus;

[0029] FIG. 2 is a side view of the support material removal apparatus depicted in FIG. 1;

[0030] FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view of the support material removal apparatus taken generally along line 3A-3A in FIG. 2;

[0031] FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of the support material removal apparatus taken generally along line 3B-3B in FIG. 2;

[0032] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of an internal chamber arranged within the support material removal apparatus depicted in FIG. 3A;

[0033] FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an overview of the general operation of a support material removal method according to the present invention;

[0034] FIG. 6 is a flowchart describing optimization of the support material removal method according to a first embodiment of the present invention; and,

[0035] FIG. 7 is a flowchart describing optimization of the support material removal method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] At the outset, it should be appreciated that like drawing numbers on different drawing views identify identical, or functionally similar, structural elements of the invention. It is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the disclosed aspects.

[0037] Furthermore, it is understood that this invention is not limited to the particular methodology, materials, or modifications described and, as such, the invention may vary from that which is disclosed herein. It is also understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular aspects.

[0038] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood to one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. It should be understood that any methods, devices or materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the method and apparatus.

[0039] Furthermore, as used herein, “and/or” is intended to mean a grammatical conjunction used to indicate that one or more of the elements or conditions recited may be included or occur. For example, a device comprising a first element, a second element and/or a third element, is intended to be construed as any one of the following structural arrangements: a device comprising a first element; a device comprising a second element; a device comprising a third element; a device comprising a first element and a second element; a device comprising a first element and a third element; a device comprising a first element, a second element and a third element; or, a device comprising a second element and a third element.

[0040] Furthermore, as used herein, “optimization” is intended to mean an act, process, or methodology of making something (such as a design, system, or decision) as fully perfect, functional, or effective as possible. For example, an optimal process will achieve the best results possible from the process under the parameter ranges the process is allowed to operate in Additionally, as used herein, “determining” is intended to mean the act of receiving information from a sensor and executing an algorithm using that information to produce an output, for example via a computer that is programmed according to that algorithm.

[0041] Adverting now to the figures, FIG. 1 is a perspective view of support material removal apparatus 100. Support material removal apparatus 100 broadly includes chamber section 102, control unit section 104, control input screen 106, access doors 108A, 108B, and 108C, and lid 110. Within chamber section 102 is chamber 120 (shown in FIG. 3A). Within control unit section 104 is control unit 140. Control input screen 106 may be positioned so that a user can input certain operation parameters to be carried out by apparatus 100.

[0042] FIGS. 3A and 3B show that chamber 120 may be arranged within chamber section 102, and that within chamber section 102 may be a filter 122, a pump 124, pressure sensors 130, part sensor 136, cooling unit 138, ultrasonic transducer 142 (shown in FIG. 3B), heating unit 150 (shown in FIG. 4), and temperature sensor 152. Media 154 may be operatively arranged within chamber 120. Media 154 can be a fluid or a plurality of abrasive bodies, or a combination thereof. Pump 124 may be connected to chamber 120 via pipes 126, which secure to chamber 120 at positions around the perimeter of chamber 120. Such an arrangement and with proper orientation of the pipes 126 relative to chamber 120 the media 154 may be caused to move to form a vortex within chamber 120. This vortex allows for an even and complete mixing of parts 160 which have support material 162 that must be removed. It is desirable to have parts 160 evenly and completely mixed with the media to ensure uniform removal of support material and/or surface finish. Part sensor 136 may be operatively arranged within chamber section 102 and may be capable of monitoring the effect media 154 has on put 160 including monitoring of support material 162. For example, part sensor 136 may be used to monitor the amount of support material 162 which has been removed over a specific time interval. Part sensor 136 may be an optical, infrared, thermal, or acoustic sensor, which can detect the rate of deterioration of part 160 and support material 162. Cooling unit 120 can be any suitable cooling device, and may include a fan. The cooling unit 120 and heating unit 150, can be used to cool or heat media 154 within chamber 120 during operation of apparatus 100. Pressure sensors 130 may be arranged within chamber 136 to detect the pressure of media 154 at the discharge of pump 124.

[0043] Arranged within control unit section 104 of apparatus 100 may be control input screen 106, control unit 140, and ultrasonic wave generators 132. Control input screen 106 may be communicatively connected to control unit 1.40 via wire 141. Control unit 140 may be communicatively connected to pump 124, pressure sensors 130, part sensor 136, cooling unit 138, heating unit 150, ultrasonic wave generators 132, and temperature sensor 152.

[0044] FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view of the support material removal apparatus 100 taken generally along line 3B-3B in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 3B, ultrasonic transducer 142 may be mounted and oriented relative to chamber 120 in order to agitate media 154. It should be appreciated that other types of agitators may be used in order to properly agitate media 154. Next to chamber 120 is overflow chamber 148 (shown in FIG. 3B). Overflow chamber 148 is arranged to allow media 154 to flow from chamber 120, but prevent part 160 from leaving chamber 120. From overflow chamber 148, the media flows to the suction side of pump 124 without. Media 154 flows over weir 146 into overflow chamber 148. As media 154 flows over weir 146, media passes through filtering screen 144, which filters out larger pieces of part 160 or support material 162 which may have broken off during the support removal process.

[0045] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of chamber 120. Heating unit 150 may be secured to chamber 120. Temperature sensor 152 may be arranged behind heating unit 150 and may be also secured to chamber 120. Chamber 120 includes opening 121 which allows an operator to place parts in chamber 120. Opening 121 can be accessed by lifting lid 110 (shown in FIG. 1) of chamber section 102.

[0046] FIG. 5 is a flowchart that generally describes operation of a support material removal method. In such a method, a part 160 is placed 200 within chamber 120. Part 160 can be made using traditional manufacturing techniques, such as casting, forging, or injection molding, or can be made using additive manufacturing techniques such as 3D printing. Part 160 generally comprises unwanted material, which is referred to herein as support material 162, that is often a manufacturing by-product, such as flash from forging or buns from machining of part 160. After part 160 is placed within chamber 120, the pump 124 may be activated 202 to begin the flow of media 154 around part 160. Due to the activation 202 of pump 124, part 160 rotates 204 in chamber 120. The vortex which may be formed in media 154 as a result of activating 202) the pump 124 rotates part 160 within the media 154 to achieve surface coverage of part 160. As part 160 rotates in chamber 124, ultrasonic transducer 142 may be activated 266. Activation 206 of ultrasonic transducer 142 agitates the media 154 that surrounds part 160 in order to increase the removal rate of support material 162 from part 160. While agitation of media 154 occurs, part 160 continues to rotate within chamber 120 to ensure complete part coverage of the part 160 by the media 154. After the process removes unwanted support material 162, the finished part 160 is removed 210 from chamber 120.

[0047] FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of a method of renewing support material from an unfinished manufactured part. A user places a part in the chamber 120 filled with media 154. At step 300, a user choosing certain parameters of the whole process, such as the run time, temperature, and intensity level. Intensity level is a factor which correlates to how aggressively support material 162 is removed from part 160. By selecting the intensity level, corresponding preselected settings are automatically selected for removal methods such as ultrasonic agitation level and/or pump pressure, and/or temperature of media 154. Using the inputted parameters from step 300, control unit 140 will then provide these parameters to algorithm step 301. At step 301, an algorithm determines how fast the removal methods will increase to reach the selected parameters. Since ultrasonic agitation, pump pressure, media and temperature all have an effect on the part 160, the interaction of each parameter with one another may be balanced in order to make the most predictable process by knowing the extent at which each parameter can influence the others when varying that parameter. Using the settings of step 300, the algorithm step 301 determines the starting points for each removal method, such as for agitation level, pump pressure, temperature, and the time that each removal method will be carried out at a particular setting. Each parameter will be monitored individually and in parallel with one another over defined time intervals. For example, step 302 includes setting the temperature to the intensity level determined by algorithm step 301. Step 304 includes running the process at the set temperature from step 302 over a defined first time interval. And, at step 306 the temperature is checked.

[0048] Similarly, step 312 includes setting ultrasonic agitation to the level from algorithm step 301. Step 314 includes running the process at the set agitation level from step 312 over the defined first time interval. And, at step 316 the agitation level is checked.

[0049] Step 322 includes setting the pump pressure to the level from algorithm step 301. Step 324 includes running the process at the set pump pressure from step 312 over the defined first time interval. And, at step 326 the pump discharge pressure is checked.

[0050] Additionally, step 332 includes setting the media pH to the level from algorithm step 301. Step 334 includes running the process at the set media pH level from step 332 over a defined first time interval. And, at step 336 the pH of the media is checked.

[0051] Once checked 306, 316, 326, 336, the values of temperature, agitation level, pump discharge pressure, and pH of the media can be fed back to algorithm step 301, where a second set of parameters for temperature, agitation level, pump pressure, and oil may be determined. Using the second set of parameters, the process is then run again over a defined second time interval. It should be appreciated that the second time interval may be shorter than the first time interval. The process can run through a plurality of time intervals prior to finishing the process. As such, the process is iterative, which works to optimize the support removal process within a specified time duration. This process overall keeps the parameters close to a desired level at each iteration of the process. In a preferred embodiment, algorithm step 301 utilizes a parameter database which has been formulated from a plurality of process runs on other parts using the same apparatus and method. Analysis of these parameters may allow for optimization of the process with respect to a particular part process.

[0052] FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing another embodiment of a support material removal method. This second embodiment of the support material removal process is similar to the first embodiment of the process shown in FIG. 6, except that additional step 350 is included. Step 350 is the scanning of the part within the machine while the support material is being removed. Such scanning may be used to determine (a) the amount of support material removed from the part, (b) the amount of support material remaining on the part, or (c) both (a) and (b). This information, or measurement, may be sent to algorithm step 301 as data which is used to determine parameter levels for the process. By evaluating the measurement from step 350, the process will be able to adapt depending on how effective the process has been during one or more prior time intervals. Additionally, it should also be appreciated that step 350 can be a real-time measurement of the support material on the part, or an evaluation of a computer aided design (CAD) model of the part. The information obtained by scanning 350 the part may be used by the algorithm at step 301 to more efficiently make a determination of the parameters selected for the process.

[0053] In the foregoing description, example embodiments are described. The specification and drawings are accordingly to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

[0054] It will be appreciated that various aspects of the above-disclosed invention and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, may be desirably combined into many other different systems or applications. Various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations, or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art which are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

[0055] 100 support material removal apparatus [0056] 102 chamber section [0057] 104 control unit section [0058] 106 control input screen [0059] 108A access door [0060] 108B access door [0061] 108C access door [0062] 110 lid [0063] 120 chamber [0064] 121 opening [0065] 122 filter [0066] 124 pump [0067] 126 pipes [0068] 130 pressure sensor [0069] 136 sensor [0070] 138 cooling unit [0071] 142 ultrasonic transducer [0072] 144 filtering screen [0073] 146 weir [0074] 148 overflow chamber [0075] 150 heating unit [0076] 152 temperature sensor [0077] 154 media [0078] 160 part [0079] 162 support material [0080] 200 placement step [0081] 202 activation step [0082] 204 rotation step [0083] 206 agitation step [0084] 210 removal step [0085] 300 initial parameter entry step [0086] 301 algorithm step [0087] 302 setting temperature step [0088] 304 running process step [0089] 306 temperature check step [0090] 312 setting agitation level step [0091] 314 running process step [0092] 316 agitation level check step [0093] 322 setting pump pressure step [0094] 324 running process step [0095] 326 pump pressure check step [0096] 332 setting pH/liquid level step [0097] 334 running process step [0098] 336 pH liquid level check step [0099] 350 scanning step