IRON FORTIFIED TEA-BASED BEVERAGE

Abstract

The present invention provides a product comprising: a) a tea component, b) FeBisglycinate; and c) Na.sub.2H.sub.2EDTA.

Claims

1. A product comprising: a) a tea component, b) from 0.03 to 3 wt % by dry weight of ferrous bisglycinate (FeBisglycinate); and c) 0.07 to 7 wt % by dry weight of disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate (Na.sub.2H.sub.2EDTA).

2. The product according to claim 1 wherein the product is a beverage precursor.

3. The product according to claim 1, wherein the tea component is derived from the plant Camellia sinensis.

4. The product according to claim 1, wherein the tea component is black tea.

5. The product according to claim 1, wherein the tea component is leaf tea.

6. The product according to claim 1 wherein the product comprises from 95 to 99.9 wt % by dry weight of the tea component.

7. The product according to claim 1 wherein the product comprises a molar ratio of Na.sub.2H.sub.2EDTA: Fe from FeBisglycinate of from 0.5:1 to 4:1.

8. (canceled)

9. (canceled)

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Product

[0031] The present invention relates to an iron fortified product comprising a tea component. The product of the invention encompasses ready-to-drink teas including bottled tea-based beverages such as iced tea, leaf-based beverage products, ready to drink formats, water soluble tea powders or granules, or liquid tea beverages.

[0032] The invention is particularly directed towards beverage precursor products—that is to say, products in which tea is provided in a dry format to which water will be added by the consumer. The tea component may therefore be tea leaves to be brewed, or tea powder to be dissolved, or tea granules to be dissolved, or a combination thereof.

Tea component

[0033] For the purpose of the present invention, “tea” means material from Camellia sinensis var. sinensis and/or Camellia sinensis var. assamica. The term “leaf tea” refers to leaf and/or stem material from the tea plant in an uninfused form (i.e. material which has not been subjected to a solvent extraction step). In other words, the term “leaf tea” refers to the end product of tea manufacture (sometimes referred to as “made tea”).

[0034] As used herein, the term “black tea” refers to substantially fermented tea, wherein “fermentation” refers to the oxidative and hydrolytic process that tea undergoes when certain endogenous enzymes and substrates are brought together. During the so-called fermentation process, colourless catechins in the leaves and/or stem are converted to a complex mixture of yellow/orange to dark brown polyphenolic substances. For example, black leaf tea can be manufactured from fresh tea material by the steps of: withering, maceration, fermentation and drying. A more detailed description of the production of black tea can be found in Chapter 14 of “Tea: Cultivation to consumption” (edited by K. C. Wilson & M. N. Clifford, published in 1992).

[0035] The tea component of the present invention may therefore be derived from the plant Camellia sinensis. The tea component may be green tea or black tea and it is preferred that the tea component is black tea. The tea component may be leaf tea, or tea extract, or tea powder. It is preferred that the tea component is leaf tea. More preferably, the tea component is black leaf tea.

[0036] In order to deliver the organoleptic profile expected of a tea-based beverage, the required levels of polyphenols, or both, the product may comprise from 95 to 99.9 wt % by dry weight of the tea component, more preferably from 97 to 99.5 wt %, more preferably still from 98 to 99 wt %, most preferably about 98.5 wt %.

[0037] The product may comprise from 1 g to 10 g of the tea component per portion, more preferably from 1.25 g to 5 g, more preferably still from 1.5 g to 4 g, most preferably about 2 g of the tea component per portion.

[0038] As used herein, the term “portion” means the amount of the product required for a single serving. In the case of ready to drink products, a portion will typically be a bottle or can of from 200 to 300 ml. For beverage precursor products (that is to say, products in which tea is provided in a dry format to which water will be added by the consumer), a portion is the amount of the beverage precursor product that is required to make the drink.

Iron Source

[0039] The product of the invention is fortified with Iron. Specifically, it is fortified with FeBisglycinate.

[0040] FeBisglycinate has the CAS number 20150-34-9, formula C.sub.4H.sub.8FeN.sub.2O.sub.4, and the following structure:

##STR00001##

[0041] Synonyms of FeBisglycinate include: iron bisglycinate; ferrous bisglycinate, and Bisglycine iron(II) salt.

[0042] As stated, thanks to the present invention the product is able to provide high levels of iron fortification without suffering from darkening or colour change. The product may comprise from 0.03 to 3 wt % by dry weight of FeBisglycinate, more preferably from 0.1 to 1 wt %, more preferably still from 0.2 to 0.5 wt %, most preferably about 0.4 wt % by dry weight of FeBisglycinate.

[0043] The product may comprise from 1 to 30 mg FeBisglycinate per portion, more preferably from 2.5 to 20 mg, more preferably still from 5 to 15 mg, most preferably about 10 mg of FeBisglycinate per portion.

[0044] The CODEX Alimentarius of the World Health Organisation states a Nutrient Reference Value (NRV) of 22mg of Iron for diets rich in plant foods (such as those mainly consumed in India).

[0045] Due to the presence of the colour corrector, the product may comprise high levels of iron without suffering darkening or colour change. The product may therefore comprise from 1 to 50% of the aforementioned NRV of iron per portion, preferably from 2 to 35%, more preferably from 3 to 20%, more preferably still from 4 to 10%, most preferably about 5% of the NRV of iron per portion.

[0046] The product may comprise from 0.05 mg to 10 mg iron per portion , preferably from 0.1 mg to 7.5 mg, more preferably from 0.25 mg to 5 mg, more preferably still from 0.5 mg to 2 mg, most preferably about 1 mg of iron per portion.

[0047] For the avoidance of doubt, when iron per se is stated as a mass amount it refers to the amount of iron as such in the product portion, not the iron source. For example 1 mg of iron means 1 mg of the Fe ion, it does not mean 1 mg of FeBisglysinate.

Colour Corrector

[0048] The product of the invention employs a colour correcting component to prevent the colour changes that are caused when FeBisglycinate is provided in a tea-based product. The invention employs Na.sub.2H.sub.2EDTA for this purpose.

[0049] Na.sub.2H.sub.2EDTA has the CAS number 6381-92-6, the formula C.sub.10H.sub.14N.sub.2Na.sub.2O.sub.8, and the following structure:

##STR00002##

[0050] Synonyms of Na.sub.2H.sub.2EDTA include: Disodium dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt; Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate dihydrate; EDTA disodium salt; EDTA-Na.sub.2; Edathamil; Edetate disodium salt dihydrate; and Sequestrene Na.sub.2.

[0051] The product may comprise from 0.07 to 7 wt % by dry weight of Na.sub.2H.sub.2EDTA, more preferably from 0.2 to 5 wt %, more preferably still from 0.5 to 2 wt %, most preferably about 1 wt % by dry weight of Na.sub.2H.sub.2EDTA.

[0052] The product may comprise from 5 to 100 mg Na.sub.2H.sub.2EDTA per portion, more preferably from 10 to 60 mg, more preferably still from 15 to 45 mg, most preferably about 35 mg per portion.

Molar Ratio of Colour Corrector:Iron Source

[0053] The product may comprise a molar ratio of Na.sub.2H.sub.2EDTA:FeBisglycinate of from 0.5:1 to 4:1, preferably from 0.75:1 to 3.5:1, more preferably from 1:1 to 3:1, more preferably still from 1.5:1 to 3:1, most preferably about 2:1.

[0054] As set out in the foregoing, the present invention has found that the use of the claimed combination of Iron Source and Colour Corrector is capable of correcting darkening and colour changes associated with iron fortified of tea-based beverages.

[0055] Darkness and Overall Colour Correction Factors

[0056] The colour and darkness of tea-based beverages can be expressed using the coordinates of the CIE 1976 L*a*b* colour space. CIE L*a*b* values can be measured by colourimetry according to the joint ISO/CIE standard (ISO 11664-4:2008(CE); CIE S 014-4/E:2007). Colour is expressed as three values: [0057] L* for the lightness from black (0) to white (100), [0058] a* from green (−) to red (+), and [0059] b* from blue (−) to yellow (+).

[0060] Samples can be compared to one another to determine the difference in these values (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*) and from these values, the total colour difference, Delta E* (ΔE*) can also be calculated.

[0061] It will be appreciated that the ΔL* and ΔE* values are of particular interest in the context of the present invention because they may be used to determine the darkness and colour respectively of a normal, un-fortified tea-based beverage and compare that to tea-based beverages containing various Iron Sources and potential Colour Correctors.

[0062] The present invention seeks to provide a product that delivers an iron-fortified tea-based beverage that utilises Na.sub.2H.sub.2EDTA to correct the darkness and overall colour changes caused by FeBisglycinate such that the darkness and overall colour is as close as possible to the non-fortified tea-based beverage. This can be represented as “Darkness Correction Factor” (DCF) and “Overall Colour Correction Factor” (OCCF) respectively.

[0063] DCF is calculated as:

DCF=L*sample−L*blank [0064] where L*sample is the L* value of the fortified and colour corrected tea-based beverage obtained from the product according to the present invention; and [0065] where L*blank is the L* value of the same tea product with only the tea component and no iron source or colour corrector.

[0066] Accordingly, the DCF value is preferably from −5 to 10, more preferably from −4 to 7.5, more preferably still from −3 to 5, yet more preferably from −2 to 4, most preferably from −0.5 to 3.

[0067] OCCF is calculated as:

OCCF=E*sample−E*blank [0068] where E*sample is the E* value of the fortified and colour corrected tea-based beverage obtained from the product according to the present invention; and [0069] where E*blank is the E* value of the same tea product with only the tea component and no iron source or colour corrector.

[0070] Accordingly, the OCCF value is preferably from 0 to 15, more preferably from 0 to 10, more preferably still from 0 to 9, yet more preferably from 1 to 8, most preferably from 3 to 7.

[0071] Preferably the DCF and OCCF are calculated from the tea-based beverage at 40° C.

[0072] As used herein the term “comprising” encompasses the terms “consisting essentially of” and “consisting of”. All percentages and ratios contained herein are calculated by weight unless otherwise indicated. It should be noted that in specifying any range of values or amounts, any particular upper value or amount can be associated with any particular lower value or amount.

[0073] Except in the operative and comparative examples, all numbers in the description indicating amounts of materials, conditions of reaction, physical properties of materials, and/or use are to be understood as being preceded by the word “about”.

[0074] The various features of the embodiments of the present invention referred to in individual sections above apply, as appropriate, to other sections mutatis mutandis. Consequently features specified in one section may be combined with features specified in other sections as appropriate. The disclosure of the invention as found herein is to be considered to cover all embodiments as found in the claims as being multiply dependent upon each other. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art in the field of tea processing.

[0075] The present invention will now be illustrated by reference to the following non-limiting examples.

EXAMPLES

[0076] The impact of FeBisglycinate on the colour of 2 different tea beverages was assessed. The ability of various compounds to correct these colour changes was also tested.

Materials

[0077] Two tea beverages were tested: [0078] Example 1—Lipton Yellow Label teabags sourced from Poland (purchased from local supermarket, Poland) [0079] Example 2—Lipton Yellow Label loose tea sourced from KSA (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), loose tea (purchased from a local supermarket, KSA)

[0080] The Iron Source tested was: [0081] FeBisglycinate (CAS number 20150-34-9); contained 23.2% wt iron (Supplier: Dr. Paul

[0082] Lohmann GmbH & Co. KGaA, Hauptstrasse 2, 31860 Emmerthal, Germany) The Potential Colour Correctors tested were: [0083] Sodium pyrophosphate dibasic (Di-basic NaPP) (CAS number: 7758-16-9) [0084] Supplier: Sigma-Aldrich [0085] Ascorbic Acid (CAS number: 50-81-7) [0086] Supplier: Huijbregts Groep B.V. [0087] Citric Acid*H.sub.2O (CAS number: 77-92-9) [0088] Supplier: Merck [0089] Na.sub.2H.sub.2EDTA*2H.sub.2O (CAS Number 6381-92-6) [0090] Supplier: VWR Chemicals, Order Number 20302

Sample Preparation

[0091] Tea Beverages:

[0092] Tea Beverages were prepared as follows:

Example 1

[0093] 1 teabag of the Lipton Yellow Label sourced from Poland was placed in a china mug. [0094] 200m1 of boiled water was added and the teabag was steeped for 2 minutes (timer started when water touched the tea) to provide a tea liquor. [0095] The teabag was lifted from the tea liquor, allowed to drip for 5 seconds, then removed. [0096] 6.5g of sugar was added to the tea liquor which was then used for analysis as set out below.

Example 2

[0097] 11 g of the of the Lipton Yellow Label sourced from KSA was placed in metal pot, 580ml of boiled water was added to simulate the preparation of approximately 4 servings. [0098] A lid was placed on the pot and the pot was placed on a stove at a heat sufficient to cause a gentle boil. [0099] The tea was boiled for 3 minutes (timer was started when water began to boiled after addition of tea) without stirring to provide a tea liquor. [0100] The tea liquor was strained through a sieve to provide 4×130 ml servings of tea liquor. [0101] 6 g of sugar was added to one serving of the tea liquor which was then used for analysis as set out below.

[0102] Test combinations:

[0103] Test samples were prepared by adding the Iron Source and/or Potential Colour Correctors together with the dry tea in the amounts shown in Tables 1 & 2, following the tea protocols as described above.

[0104] Where Potential Colour Correctors were used, they were added in an amount to provide a molar ratio of about 3:1 to about 2:1 of Potential Colour Corrector:Iron from the Iron Source as shown in the Tables.

Colorimetric Analysis

[0105] Aliquots of 20 ml of each of the tea Samples shown in Tables 1 & 2 were transferred to a quartz cuvette and CIE L*a*b* analysis was performed as follows.

[0106] The colours of the samples were measured using a Hunterlab Ultrascan VIS spectrophotometer (wavelength: 360-780 nm). For this work transmitted colour was measured.

[0107] The sensor used a plastic integrating sphere that was six inches (152.4 mm) in diameter and coated with Spectraflect™, to diffuse the light from the lamp. The light illuminated the sample and was transmitted through it. A lens was located at an angle of 8° from perpendicular to the sample surface. The lens collected the transmitted light and directed it to a diffraction grating which separated the light into its component wavelengths which were measured by dual diode arrays and converted into data.

[0108] The transmission compartment located in the middle of the sensor was used for measuring the transmitted colour of the liquids. The transmission compartment door was closed while standardizing and taking measurements. A transmission cell holder accommodated aliquots in 10 mm transmission cells. To install, the transmission cell holder was placed into the transmission compartment at the centre, widest part of the transmission compartment.

[0109] The transmission cell provided an optically clear glass cell with a fixed path length of 10 mm.

[0110] Its dimensions were 55mm×57 mm (width x height). The minimum sample volume for measurement was 20 ml. Measurements were done in total transmission mode (TTRAN). The cell was placed at the sphere opening at the front of the transmission compartment, inside the spectrophotometer.

Measurements

[0111] The spectrophotometer was controlled by EasyMatch QC software which performed integration of transmittance values over the visible spectrum to arrive at tristimulus X, Y, and Z values. These values simulate the colour matching response functions of the human observer as defined by the 1931 2° Standard Observer or the 1964 CIE 10° Standard Observer (CIE XYZ).

Instrument Settings

[0112] Sensor name: USVIS1666—Ultrascan VIS [0113] ModeType: TTRAN—Total Transmission [0114] Area View: 1 in. [0115] UV filter position: UVF nominal

Calculation of ΔE* and ΔL* 30 Calculation of ΔE* and ΔL* made use of the L*a*b* values as calculated by the Hunterlab software.

[0116] Calculation Δa* and Δb*:

Δa*=a*.sub.sample−a*.sub.blank

Δb*=b*sample−b*blank

[0117] Calculation ΔL*:

ΔL*=L*.sub.sample−L*.sub.blank

[0118] ΔL* indicates difference in lightness and darkness (+ΔL* means sample is lighter than the “blank” sample, −ΔL* means sample is darker than the “blank” sample)

[0119] Calculation ΔE*:

ΔE*=√{square root over (ΔL*).sup.2+(Δa*).sup.2+(Δb*).sup.2)}

[0120] Deltas for L* (ΔL*), a* (Δa*) and b* (ΔAb*) indicate how much a sample and the “blank” sample differ from one another in L*, a* and b*. ΔL*, Δa* and Δb* may be positive (+) or negative (−). The total colour difference, Delta E* (ΔE*), however, is always positive.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Example 1 (Poland tea)-Samples and Colorimetric Results Equivalent Molar Ratio Potential Colour Corrector:Fe [discounting H20 ΔE* ΔL* Sample Iron Source Potential Colour Corrector where present in @40 @40 Name (amount in mg) (amount in mg) Colour Corrector] C C BLANK none none n/a 0.0 0.0 A.Ex1 FeBisglycinate (9 mg) None n/a 36.7 −27.2 B.Ex1 FeBisglycinate (9 mg) Di-basic NaPP (16.7 mg)   2:1 25.1 −12 C.Ex1 FeBisglycinate (9 mg) Ascorbic Acid (13.1 mg)   2:1 30.0 −15.7 D.Ex1 FeBisglycinate (9 mg) Citric Acid*H2O (13.1 mg) 1.8:1 32.2 −23 [citric acid w/o water (12 mg)] 1.Ex1 FeBisglycinate (9 mg) Na.sub.2H.sub.2EDTA*2H2O (22.9 mg) 1.8:1 3.5 2.2 [Na2H2EDTA w/o water 20.7 mg)]

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Example 2-(KSA tea) Samples and Colorimetric Results Equivalent Molar Ratio Potential Colour Corrector:Fe [discounting H20 ΔE* ΔL* Sample Iron Source Potential Colour Corrector where present in @40 @40 Name (amount in mg) (amount in mg) Colour Corrector] C C BLANK none None n/a 0.0 0.0 A.Ex2 FeBisglycinate (40.9 mg) None n/a 56.1 −29.4 B.Ex2 FeBisglycinate (40.9 mg) Di-basic NaPP (75.3 mg)   2:1 52.9 −28.7 C.Ex2 FeBisglycinate (40.9 mg) Ascorbic Acid (60 mg)   2:1 51.8 −27.8 D.Ex2 FeBisglycinate (40.9 mg) Citric Acid*H2O (60.3 mg) 1.8:1 57.4 −30.5 [citric acid w/o H20 (55.15 mg)] 1.Ex2 FeBisglycinate (26.3 mg) Na.sub.2H.sub.2EDTA*2H2O (103.2 mg) 2.8:1 6.2 2.7 [Na2H2EDTA w/o water (93.3 mg)] 2.Ex2 FeBisglycinate (40.9 mg) Na.sub.2H.sub.2EDTA*2H2O (103.7 mg) 1.8:1 2.4 −0.3 [Na2H2EDTA w/o water (93.7 mg)]

Results of Colorimetric Analysis

[0121] The results of the Colorimetric Analysis are provided in the final columns of Tables 1 & 2. [0122] ΔE* shows the change in colour relative to the respective “blank” sample. [0123] ΔL* shows whether the tea is showing darkening (negative figure) or lightening (positive figure) compared to the “blank” sample.

[0124] Table 1 demonstrates that FeBisglycinate alone (A.Ex1) causes significant colour change (26.7) and darkening (−27.2). Moreover, this colour change and darkening is not corrected by Di-basic NaPP, nor Ascorbic Acid, nor Citric Acid (B.Ex1, C.Ex1, D.Ex1). However, it can be seen that when Na.sub.2H.sub.2EDTA is used (1.Ex1) it acts as an excellent colour corrector dramatically reducing the colour change (3.5) and the darkening (2.2) to almost the same as the tea with no Iron Source (BLANK).

[0125] Table 2 further demonstrates that Na.sub.2H.sub.2EDTA is also effective in a different tea product 15 prepared with a much harsher brewing process. It can be seen that FeBisglycinate alone (A.Ex2) causes significant colour change (56.1) and darkening (−29.4). Moreover, this colour change and darkening is not corrected by Di-basic NaPP, nor Ascorbic Acid, nor Citric Acid (B.Ex2, C.Ex2, D.Ex2). However, it can be seen that when Na.sub.2H.sub.2EDTA is used (1.Ex2, 2.Ex2) it acts as an excellent colour corrector dramatically reducing the colour change (6.2, 2.4) and the darkening (2.7, −0.3) to almost the same as the tea with no Iron Source (BLANK).

[0126] The inventors have therefore identified the unique ability of the combination of FeBisglycinate and Na.sub.2H.sub.2EDTA to provide an iron fortified tea-based beverage that does not suffer from colour change or from darkening. Notably, the use of Na.sub.2H.sub.2EDTA is able to prevent colour change or darkening caused by FeBisglycinate even when tea brewing involves heating the tea until it actually boils.