SPECTACLE LENS WITH ANTIBACTERIAL AND/OR ANTIVIRAL PROPERTIES AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SAME

Abstract

A spectacle lens having at least one antibacterial and/or antiviral coating and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The spectacle lens includes (i) an anti-reflective coating or (ii) a mirror coating. The (i) anti-reflective coating or the (ii) mirror coating are made from a stack or a plurality of stack layers. The stack has an outermost stack layer containing silver (Ag). The outermost stack layer further contains a SiO.sub.2-matrix having a plurality of separated silver (Ag) atoms and/or a plurality of silver (Ag) clusters. Each of the silver (Ag) clusters has a maximum expansion of less than 20 nm.

Claims

1. A spectacle lens comprising: (i) an anti-reflective coating reducing light reflected from a surface of the anti-reflective coating such that a value for a light reflection factor pV as determined and defined according to Sec. 4.2 of EN ISO 8980-4:2006 is less than 2.5%; or (ii) a mirror coating, the anti-reflective coating or the mirror coating including a stack of a plurality of stack layers, the stack having an outermost stack layer, the outermost stack layer containing a plurality of separated silver (Ag) atoms and/or a plurality of silver (Ag) clusters in a SiO.sub.2-matrix, each of the silver (Ag) clusters having a maximum expansion within at least one of the following ranges: (a) each silver (Ag) cluster having the maximum expansion of less than 20 nm, (b) each silver (Ag) cluster having the maximum expansion of less than 15 nm, (c) each silver (Ag) cluster having the maximum expansion of less than 10 nm, (d) each silver (Ag) cluster having the maximum expansion in the range of 2 nm to 20 nm, (e) each silver (Ag) cluster having the maximum expansion in the range of 2 nm to 15 nm, (f) each silver (Ag) cluster having the maximum expansion in the range of 2 nm to 10 nm, (g) each silver (Ag) cluster having the maximum expansion in the range of 5 nm to 20 nm, (h) each silver (Ag) cluster having the maximum expansion in the range of 5 nm to 15 nm, or (i) each silver (Ag) cluster having the maximum expansion in the range of 5 nm to 10 nm.

2. A spectacle lens comprising: (i) an anti-reflective coating; or (ii) a mirror coating, the anti-reflective coating or the mirror coating including a stack of a plurality of stack layers, the stack having an outermost stack layer, the outermost stack layer containing a plurality of separated silver (Ag) atoms and/or a plurality of silver (Ag) clusters in a SiO.sub.2-matrix, each of the silver (Ag) clusters having a maximum expansion within at least one of the following ranges: (a) each silver (Ag) cluster having the maximum expansion of less than 20 nm, (b) each silver (Ag) cluster having the maximum expansion of less than 15 nm, (c) each silver (Ag) cluster having the maximum expansion of less than 10 nm, (d) each silver (Ag) cluster having the maximum expansion in the range of 2 nm to 20 nm, (e) each silver (Ag) cluster having the maximum expansion in the range of 2 nm to 15 nm, (f) each silver (Ag) cluster having the maximum expansion in the range of 2 nm to 10 nm, (g) each silver (Ag) cluster having the maximum expansion in the range of 5 nm to 20 nm, (h) each silver (Ag) cluster having the maximum expansion in the range of 5 nm to 15 nm, or (i) each silver (Ag) cluster having the maximum expansion in the range of 5 nm to 10 nm, and at least one of the stack layers in addition to the outermost stack layer contains the silver (Ag).

3. The spectacle lens according to claim 1, wherein a substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix is within at least one of the following ranges: a. the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being less than 1.5 at %, b. the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being less than 1.3 at %, c. the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being less than 1.2 at %, d. the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being in the range between 0.8 at % and 1.5 at %, e. the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being in the range between 0.9 at % and 1.3 at %, f. the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being in the range between 1.0 at % and 1.2 at %, or g. the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being in the range between 1.05 at % and 1.15 at %.

4. A spectacle lens comprising: (i) an anti-reflective coating reducing light reflected from a surface of the anti-reflective coating such that a value for a light reflection factor pV as determined and defined according to Sec. 4.2 of EN ISO 8980-4:2006 is less than 2.5%; or (ii) a mirror coating, the anti-reflective coating or the mirror coating including a stack of a plurality of stack layers, the plurality of stack layers having an outermost stack layer, the outermost stack layer containing silver (Ag) in a SiO.sub.2-matrix, wherein a substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix is within at least one of the following ranges: a. the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being less than 1.5 at %, b. the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being less than 1.3 at %, c. the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being less than 1.2 at %, d. the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being in the range between 0.8 at % and 1.5 at %, e. the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being in the range between 0.9 at % and 1.3 at %, f. the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being in the range between 1.0 at % and 1.2 at %, or g. the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being in the range between 1.05 at % and 1.15 at %.

5. A spectacle lens comprising: (i) an anti-reflective coating; or (ii) a mirror coating, the anti-reflective coating or the mirror coating including a stack of a plurality of stack layers, the stack having an outermost stack layer, the outermost stack layer containing silver (Ag) in a SiO.sub.2-matrix, wherein a substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix is within at least one of the following ranges: a. the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being less than 1.5 at %, b. the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being less than 1.3 at %, c. the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being less than 1.2 at %, d. the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being in the range between 0.8 at % and 1.5 at %, e. the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being in the range between 0.9 at % and 1.3 at %, f. the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being in the range between 1.0 at % and 1.2 at %, or g. the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being in the range between 1.05 at % and 1.15 at %, and at least one of the stack layers in addition to the outermost stack layer contains the silver (Ag).

6. The spectacle lens according to claim 1, wherein any coating or layer not contributing to an antireflective property of the spectacle lens is not part of the anti-reflective coating.

7. The spectacle lens according to claim 1, wherein the anti-reflective coating is a transparent thin film structure with alternating layers of contrasting refractive indices, and wherein layer thicknesses are chosen to produce destructive interference in light beams reflected from an interface, and constructive interference in corresponding transmitted light beams.

8. A spectacle lens comprising: (i) an anti-reflective coating; or (ii) a mirror coating, the anti-reflective coating or the mirror coating including a stack of a plurality of stack layers, the stack having an outermost stack layer, at least the outermost stack layer containing silver (Ag), wherein the silver (Ag) in at least the outermost stack layer has a content causing a photochromic effect, wherein the content of the silver (Ag) in at least the outermost stack layer is set such that a variation of a luminous transmittance (τ.sub.T0) of the spectacle lens between a faded state according to 7.5.3.2 of ISO 8980-3:2013(E) and a luminous transmittance (τ.sub.V1) of the spectacle lens in a darkened state according to 7.5.3.3 of ISO 8980-3:2013(E) caused by the photochromic effect is within at least one of the following ranges: (A) τ.sub.V1/τ.sub.V0 0.95, (B) τ.sub.V1/τ.sub.V0≤0.98, (C) 0.95≤τ.sub.V1/τ.sub.V0≤0.995, (D) 0.98≤τ.sub.V1/τ.sub.V0≤0.995, or (E) 0.985≤τ.sub.V1/τ.sub.V0≤0.995.

9. A spectacle lens comprising: a spectacle lens substrate; and (i) an anti-reflective coating or (ii) a mirror coating, the anti-reflective coating or the mirror coating including a stack of a plurality of stack layers, the stack having an outermost stack layer, the outermost stack layer containing silver (Ag) and having an outer surface facing away from a spectacle lens substrate surface, wherein the anti-reflective coating or the mirror coating has a diffusivity (D.sub.F) configured to ensure an absorption of water molecules passing from an air atmosphere arranged on the outer surface of the outermost stack layer through the anti-reflective coating or the mirror coating into the spectacle lens substrate and a release of the water molecules from the spectacle lens substrate through the anti-reflective coating or the mirror coating into the air atmosphere, the diffusivity (D.sub.F) being further configured to, starting from a first equilibrium state of an amount of the water molecules absorbed in the spectacle lens substrate at the air atmosphere at 23 degrees centigrade and 50 percent relative humidity, effect a setting of a second equilibrium state of the amount of the water molecules absorbed in the spectacle lens substrate at the air atmosphere at 40 degrees centigrade and 95 percent relative humidity within a first time interval, and, the first time interval being at most ten hours longer than a second time interval required for the setting of a second equilibrium state starting from the first equilibrium state in an uncoated spectacle lens substrate identical to the spectacle lens substrate.

10. A spectacle lens comprising: (i) an anti-reflective coating; or (ii) a mirror coating, the anti-reflective coating or the mirror coating having a stack of a plurality of stack layers, the stack having an outermost stack layer, at least the outermost stack layer containing silver (Ag), wherein the silver (Ag) in at least the outermost stack layer has a content such that upon releasing silver (Ag) ions from the spectacle lens by exposing the spectacle lens to 10 ml of deionized water at 23 degrees centigrade for six hours, a silver (Ag) ion concentration of the silver (Ag) dissolved in the deionized water is at least 0.1 mg/l.

11. The spectacle lens according to claim 8, wherein the outermost stack layer comprises a SiO.sub.2-matrix containing the silver (Ag).

12. The spectacle lens according to claim 11, wherein at least a part of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix forms silver (Ag) clusters, wherein the silver (Ag) clusters have a maximum expansion within at least one of the following ranges: (a) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion of less than 20 nm, (b) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion of less than 15 nm, (c) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion of less than 10 nm, (d) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion in the range of 2 nm to 20 nm, (e) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion in the range of 2 nm to 15 nm, (f) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion in the range of 2 nm to 10 nm, (g) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion in the range of 5 nm to 20 nm, (h) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion in the range of 5 nm to 15 nm, or (i) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion in the range of 5 nm to 10 nm.

13. The spectacle lens according to claim 11, wherein at least a part of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix are silver (Ag) atoms being interstitially arranged in the SiO.sub.2-matrix.

14. The spectacle lens according to claim 1, wherein the outermost stack layer has a thickness within at least one of the following ranges: i. the outermost stack layer having a thickness in a range of 5 nm to 50 nm, ii. the outermost stack layer having a thickness in a range of 5 nm to 40 nm, iii. the outermost stack layer having a thickness in a range of 5 nm to 30 nm, iv. the outermost stack layer having a thickness in a range of 5 nm to 20 nm, or v. the outermost stack layer having a thickness in a range of 5 nm to 15 nm.

15. The spectacle lens according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the stack layers in addition to the outermost stack layer also contains the silver (Ag).

16. The spectacle lens according to claim 15, wherein at least a part of the silver (Ag) in the at least one of the stack layers in addition to the outermost stack layer forms silver (Ag) clusters, wherein the silver (Ag) clusters in the at least one of the stack layers in addition to the outermost stack layer have a maximum expansion within at least one of the following ranges: (a) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion of less than 20 nm, (b) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion of less than 15 nm, (c) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion of less than 10 nm, (d) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion in the range of 2 nm to 20 nm, (e) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion in the range of 2 nm to 15 nm, (f) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion in the range of 2 nm to 10 nm, (g) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion in the range of 5 nm to 20 nm, (h) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion in the range of 5 nm to 15 nm, or (i) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion in the range of 5 nm to 10 nm.

17. The spectacle lens according to claim 15, wherein at least one of the at least one of the stack layers in addition to the outermost stack layer containing the silver (Ag) is a TiO.sub.2-matrix containing the silver (Ag).

18. The spectacle lens according to claim 17, wherein a substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the TiO.sub.2-matrix is within at least one of the following ranges: a) the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the TiO.sub.2-matrix being less than 0.9 at %, b) the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the TiO.sub.2-matrix being less than 0.8 at %, c) the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the TiO.sub.2-matrix being less than 0.7 at %, d) the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the TiO.sub.2-matrix being in the range between 0.2 at % and 0.9 at %, e) the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the TiO.sub.2-matrix being in the range between 0.25 at % and 0.8 at %, f) the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the TiO.sub.2-matrix being in the range between 0.3 at % and 0.75 at %, or g) the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the TiO.sub.2-matrix being in the range between 0.35 at % and 0.7 at %.

19. The spectacle lens according to claim 15, wherein at least one of the stack layers in addition to the outermost stack layer containing the silver (Ag) is a SiO.sub.2-layer.

20. The spectacle lens according to claim 19, wherein a substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix of the at least one of the stack layers in addition to the outermost stack layer being within at least one of the following ranges: a) the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being less than 0.25 at %, b) the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being less than 0.2 at %, c) the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being less than 0.15 at %, d) the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being in the range between 0.01 at % and 0.25 at %, e) the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being in the range between 0.01 at % and 0.2 at %, or f) the substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix being in the range between 0.01 at % and 0.15 at %.

21. The spectacle lens according to claim 20, wherein a substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in the SiO.sub.2-matrix of a first stack layer is lower than a substance proportion of the silver (Ag) in a TiO.sub.2-matrix of a second stack layer adjacent to the first stack layer.

22. The spectacle lens according to claim 1, wherein a content of the silver (Ag) in the spectacle lens is set to kill 99.9% of enveloped viruses as measured according to ISO 21702:2019.

23. The spectacle lens according to claim 1, wherein a content of the silver (Ag) in the spectacle lens is set to kill 99.9% of bacteria as measured according to ISO 22196:2011.

24. The spectacle lens according to claim 1, wherein a luminance transmittance in a faded state as defined in 7.5.3.2 of ISO 8980-3:2013(E) exceeds at least one value of the following group: (1) the value of the luminance transmittance exceeds 95%, (2) the value of the luminance transmittance exceeds 96%, or (3) the value of the luminance transmittance exceeds 97%.

25. A method for manufacturing a spectacle lens having (i) an anti-reflective coating, the anti-reflective coating reducing light reflected from a surface of the anti-reflective coating such that a value for the light reflection factor pV as determined and defined according to Sec. 4.2 of EN ISO 8980-4:2006 is less than 2.5%, or (ii) a mirror coating, the anti-reflective coating or the mirror coating including a stack of a plurality of stack layers, the stack having an outermost stack layer containing silver (Ag), the method comprising: depositing the outermost stack layer by co-evaporating the silver (Ag) and silicon-dioxide (SiO.sub.2) in an oxygen-ion-atmosphere, wherein proportions of the silver (Ag) and the silicon-dioxide (SiO.sub.2) and the oxygen-ions are set so that silver (Ag) clusters are formed in a SiO.sub.2-matrix, wherein the silver (Ag) clusters have a maximum expansion within at least one of the following ranges: (a) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion of less than 20 nm, (b) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion of less than 15 nm, (c) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion of less than 10 nm, (d) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion in the range of 2 nm to 20 nm, (e) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion in the range of 2 nm to 15 nm, (f) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion in the range of 2 nm to 10 nm, (g) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion in the range of 5 nm to 20 nm, (h) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion in the range of 5 nm to 15 nm, or (i) the silver (Ag) clusters having the maximum expansion in the range of 5 nm to 10 nm.

26. The method according to claim 25, wherein the silver (Ag) and the silicon-dioxide (SiO.sub.2) are co-deposited using two evaporation sources in a vacuum chamber simultaneously, wherein the two evaporation sources are an electron beam gun for the silicon-dioxide (SiO.sub.2) and a thermal evaporator for the silver (Ag).

27. A method for manufacturing a spectacle lens comprising (i) an anti-reflective coating or (ii) a mirror coating, the anti-reflective coating or the mirror coating including a stack of a plurality of stack layers, the stack having an outermost stack layer, at least the outermost stack layer containing silver (Ag), the method comprising: depositing the outermost stack layer by co-evaporating silver (Ag), wherein a content of the silver (Ag) in at least the outermost stack layer is set to cause a photochromic effect, wherein the content of the silver (Ag) in at least the outermost stack layer is set such that a variation of a luminous transmittance (τ.sub.T0) of the spectacle lens between a faded state according to 7.5.3.2 of ISO 8980-3: 2013(E) and a luminous transmittance (τ.sub.V1) of the spectacle lens in a darkened state according to 7.5.3.3 of ISO 8980-3: 2013(E) caused by the photochromic effect is within at least one of the following ranges: (A) τ.sub.V1/τ.sub.V0≤0.95, (B) τ.sub.V1/τ.sub.V0≤0.98, (C) 0.95≤τ.sub.V1/τ.sub.V0≤0.995, (D) 0.98≤τ.sub.V1/τ.sub.V0≤0.995, or (E) 0.985≤τ.sub.V1/T.sub.V0≤0.995.

28. The method according to claim 25, further comprising: diffusing the silver (Ag) into stack layers other than the outermost stack layer.

29. A method for manufacturing a spectacle lens comprising (i) an anti-reflective coating or (ii) a mirror coating, the anti-reflective coating or the mirror coating including a stack of a plurality of stack layers, the stack having an outermost stack layer, at least the outermost stack layer comprising silver (Ag), the method comprising: depositing the outermost stack layer by co-evaporating silver (Ag), wherein a content of the silver (Ag) in at least the outermost stack layer is set to cause a photochromic effect, wherein the content of the silver (Ag) in at least the outermost stack layer is set such that a variation of a luminous transmittance (τ.sub.T0) of the spectacle lens between a faded state according to 7.5.3.2 of ISO 8980-3: 2013(E) and a luminous transmittance (τ.sub.V1) of the spectacle lens in a darkened state according to 7.5.3.3 of ISO 8980-3: 2013(E) caused by the photochromic effect is within at least one of the following ranges: (A) τ.sub.V1/τ.sub.V0≤0.95, (B) τ.sub.V1/τ.sub.V0≤0.98, (C) 0.95≤τ.sub.V1/τ.sub.V0≤0.995, (D) 0.98≤τ.sub.V1/τ.sub.V0≤0.995, or (E) 0.985≤τ.sub.V1/τ.sub.T0≤0.995; and diffusing the silver (Ag) into stack layers other than the outermost stack layer.

30. A method for manufacturing a spectacle lens comprising a spectacle lens substrate and (i) an anti-reflective coating or (ii) a mirror coating, the anti-reflective coating or the mirror coating including a stack of a plurality of stack layers, the stack having an outermost stack layer, the outermost stack layer containing silver (Ag) and having an outer surface facing away from a spectacle lens substrate surface, the method comprising: depositing the outermost stack layer such that the anti-reflective coating or the mirror coating have a diffusivity (D.sub.F) configured to ensure an absorption of water molecules passing from an air atmosphere arranged on the outer surface of the outermost stack layer through the anti-reflective coating or the mirror coating into the spectacle lens substrate and a release of the water molecules from the spectacle lens substrate through the anti-reflective coating or the mirror coating into the air atmosphere, the air atmosphere having a moisture flow density (j.sub.D), the diffusivity (D.sub.F) being further configured to, starting from a first equilibrium state of an amount of water molecules absorbed in the spectacle lens substrate at the air atmosphere at 23 degrees centigrade and 50 percent relative humidity, effect a setting of a second equilibrium state of the amount of water molecules absorbed in the spectacle lens substrate at the air atmosphere at 40 degrees centigrade and 95 percent relative humidity within a first time interval, and, the first time interval being at most ten hours longer than a second time interval required for the setting of the second equilibrium state starting from the first equilibrium state in an uncoated spectacle lens substrate identical to the spectacle lens substrate.

31. A method for manufacturing a spectacle lens having a spectacle lens substrate and (i) an anti-reflective coating or (ii) a mirror coating, the anti-reflective coating or the mirror coating including a stack of a plurality of stack layers, the stack having an outermost stack layer, the outermost stack layer containing silver (Ag) and having an outer surface facing away from a spectacle lens substrate surface, the method comprising: depositing the outermost stack layer such that the anti-reflective coating or the mirror coating has a diffusivity (D.sub.F) configured to ensure an absorption of water molecules passing from an air atmosphere arranged on the outer surface of the outermost stack layer through the anti-reflective coating or the mirror coating into the spectacle lens substrate and a release of the water molecules from the spectacle lens substrate through the anti-reflective coating or the mirror coating into the air atmosphere, the air atmosphere having a moisture flow density (j.sub.D), the diffusivity (D.sub.F) being further configured to, starting from a first equilibrium state of an amount of water molecules absorbed in the spectacle lens substrate at the air atmosphere at 23 degrees centigrade and 50 percent relative humidity, effect a setting of a second equilibrium state of the amount of water molecules absorbed in the spectacle lens substrate at the air atmosphere at 40 degrees centigrade and 95 percent relative humidity within a first time interval, and, the first time interval being at most ten hours longer than a second time interval required for the setting of the second equilibrium state starting from the first equilibrium state in an uncoated spectacle lens substrate identical to the spectacle lens substrate; and promoting the silver to diffuse into layers underneath the outermost stack layer of the anti-reflection coating during and subsequent to a deposition of silver.

32. The method according to claim 31, further comprising: depositing of the outermost stack layer by co-depositing.

33. A method for manufacturing a spectacle lens, the spectacle lens having (i) an anti-reflective coating or (ii) a mirror coating, the anti-reflective coating or the mirror coating including a stack of a plurality of stack layers, the stack having an outermost stack layer, at least the outermost stack layer containing silver (Ag), the method comprising: depositing at least the outermost stack layer such that the silver (Ag) in at least the outermost stack layer has a content such that silver (Ag) ions from the spectacle lens are released upon exposing the spectacle lens to 10 ml of deionized water at 23 degrees centigrade for six hours provides a silver (Ag) ion concentration dissolved in the deionized water of at least 0.1 mg/l.

34. A computer-readable non-transitory data storage carrier comprising a spectacle lens in the form of computer-readable instructions for the production of the spectacle lens according to claim 1.

35. A computer program stored on a non-transitory data storage carrier comprising a spectacle lens in the form of computer-readable instructions for the production of the spectacle lens according to claim 1.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0317] The disclosure will now be described with reference to the drawings wherein:

[0318] FIG. 1 shows a layer structure according to a first exemplary embodiment of a spectacle lens according to the disclosure; and

[0319] FIG. 2 shows a layer structure of a second exemplary embodiment of a spectacle lens according to the disclosure.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

[0320] FIG. 1 shows a layer structure according to a first example of a spectacle lens according to the disclosure. The spectacle lens is based on a spectacle lens substrate which according to the example is made of an MR8® or MR7®-material being described in the general definition part of the description.

[0321] The front surface of the spectacle lens substrate is covered with a coating stack comprising starting from the substrate surface a hard coating, an adhesion promoting layer, an anti-reflection coating and a top coating. The hard coating comprising one layer being made of a material being sourced under the trade name IM9060® having a thickness of approx. 2000 nm. The adhesion promoting layer is ZrO.sub.2 having a thickness of 6 nm. The anti-reflection coating comprises nine layers, indicated in FIG. 1 as “Layer 1” to “Layer 9.” Layers 1 to 5 are layers of SiO.sub.2 and TiO.sub.2 arranged in an alternate manner. Layer 6 is an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer serving as an anti-static layer. Layer 7 is a TiO.sub.2 layer, while Layer 8 is SiO.sub.2 substantially without Ag (0.12 at %), and Layer 9 is SiO.sub.2 with a significant amount of Ag (1.14 at %). The top coating is a layer made of a material being known under the trade name Duralon®.

[0322] The back surface of the spectacle lens substrate is covered with a coating stack comprising starting from the substrate surface a hard coating, an adhesion promoting layer, an anti-reflection coating and a top coating. The hard coating comprising one layer being made of a material being sourced under the trade name IM9060® having a thickness of approx. 2000 nm. The adhesion promoting layer is ZrO.sub.2 having a thickness of 6 nm. The anti-reflection coating comprises eight layers, indicated in FIG. 1 as “Layer 1” to “Layer 8.” Layers 1 to 5 are layers of SiO.sub.2 and TiO.sub.2 arranged in an alternate manner. Layer 6 is an indium tin oxide (ITO) layer serving as an anti-static layer. Layer 7 is a TiO.sub.2 layer, while Layer 8 is SiO.sub.2. The top coating is a layer made of a material being known under the trade name Duralon®.

[0323] The Hard coating is deposited by means of a wet chemical process. The other materials constituting the anti-reflective coating are deposited by means of physical vapor deposition processes. The top coating is deposited by means of thermal evaporation in vacuum.

[0324] In the context of the present disclosure it is relevant to note that in particular Layer 8 of both front and back side coating is deposited as follows:

[0325] SiO.sub.2 is evaporated from an electron beam gun in the vacuum chamber. The power for the electron beam gun is selected in such a way that the deposition rate between 1 and 3 nm/s is reached. The pressure during deposition is between 1 and 4×10.sup.−4 mbar. Optionally, between 0 and 20 sccm (standard cubic centimeters per minute) molecular oxygen can be added to the vacuum chamber.

[0326] Layer 9 is deposited as follows:

[0327] Silver and silicon dioxide are co-deposited using two evaporation sources in the vacuum chamber simultaneously. These evaporation sources can be an electron beam gun for the SiO.sub.2 and a thermal evaporator for the Ag. The power for these two evaporation sources is chosen in a way that the appropriate silver content in the matrix is reached. This is done via a calibration process during which the sources are operated alone and respective film thicknesses are measured. From the film thicknesses of both films the appropriate power ratio is calculated.

[0328] During co-deposition of the composite layer comprising SiO.sub.2 (matrix) and Ag an ion source is used e.g., with the following characteristics:

[0329] The type of ion source is an End-Hall type e.g., Mark II+ from Veeco, Planeview, N.Y. 11803, U.S.A. The ions are oxygen ions with an energy between 80 eV to 100 eV under vacuum conditions of typically between 2 to 6×10.sup.4 mbar. Under these conditions the ion current density at the substrate location is between 30 to 50 μA/cm.sup.2. in that type of ion source the ion beam is neutralized by an emission of electrons. In addition to the oxygen ions leaving the ion source molecular oxygen is optionally added to the vacuum chamber.

[0330] During and subsequent to the deposition of silver, the silver is urged to diffuse into layers underneath the outermost stack layer, which is Layer 9, of the anti-reflection coating. Therefore, silver is not only located in the outermost stack layer forming the anti-reflection coating but also in other layers of the anti-reflection coating. The respective amounts of silver are indicated in the righthand side column of FIG. 1.

[0331] The deposition parameters are adjusted such that a photochromic effect is caused by the silver, whereby the content of the silver (Ag) in at least the outermost stack layer is set such that a variation of a luminous transmittance (τ.sub.T0) of the spectacle lens between a faded state according to 7.5.3.2 of ISO 8980-3: 2013(E) and a luminous transmittance (τ.sub.V1) of the spectacle lens in a darkened state according to 7.5.3.3 of ISO 8980-3: 2013(E) caused by the photochromic effect is within a range of 0.95≤τ.sub.V1/τ.sub.V0≤0.995.

[0332] The deposition parameters in addition are adjusted such that silver clusters are formed in the outermost stack layer 9 having a maximum expansion in the range of 5 nm to 10 nm.

[0333] FIG. 2 shows a layer structure according to a second example of a spectacle lens according to the disclosure. The spectacle lens is based on a spectacle lens substrate which according to the example may be made of polycarbonate being described as a suitable spectacle lens material in the general definition part of the description.

[0334] Both, the front surface and the back surface of the spectacle lens substrate are covered with an identical coating. The coating consisting of a coating stack comprising starting from the substrate surface a primer coating (such as one being sold under the trade name P12), a hard coating, an adhesion promoting layer, an anti-reflection coating and an optional top coating. The hard coating comprises one layer being made of a material being sourced under the trade name F08® having a thickness of approx. 2000 nm. The adhesion promoting layer is CrO.sub.x having a thickness of 0.5 nm. The anti-reflection coating comprises five layers, indicated in FIG. 2 as “2F/2B” to “6F/6B.” Layers 2F/2B to 5F/5B are layers of TiO.sub.2 and SiO.sub.2 arranged in an alternate manner. Layer 6F/6B is SiO.sub.2 with a significant amount of Ag. The top coating is a layer, which may be made of a material being known under the trade name Duralon®.

[0335] The Hard coating is deposited by means of a wet chemical process. The other materials constituting the anti-reflective coating are deposited by means of physical vapor deposition processes. The top coating is deposited by means of thermal evaporation in vacuum.

[0336] In the context of the present disclosure it is relevant to note that in particular layer 5F/5B is deposited as follows:

[0337] SiO.sub.2 is evaporated from an electron beam gun in the vacuum chamber. The power for the electron beam gun is selected in such a way that the deposition rate between 1 and 3 nm/s is reached. The pressure during deposition is between 1 and 4×10.sup.−4 mbar. Optionally, between 0 and 20 sccm molecular oxygen can be added to the vacuum chamber.

[0338] Layer 6F/6B is deposited as follows:

[0339] Silver and silicon dioxide are co-deposited using two evaporation sources in the vacuum chamber simultaneously. These evaporation sources can be an electron beam gun for the SiO.sub.2 and a thermal evaporator for the Ag. The power for these two evaporation sources is chosen in a way that the appropriate silver content in the matrix is reached. This is done via a calibration process during which the sources are operated alone and respective film thicknesses are measured. From the film thicknesses of both films the appropriate power ratio is calculated.

[0340] During co-deposition of the composite layer comprising SiO.sub.2 (matrix) and Ag an ion source is used e.g., with the following characteristics:

[0341] The type of ion source is an End-Hall type e.g., Mark II+ from Veeco, Planeview, N.Y. 11803, U.S.A. The ions are oxygen ions with an energy between 80 eV to 100 eV under vacuum conditions of typically between 2 to 6×10.sup.4 mbar. Under these conditions the ion current density at the substrate location is between 30 to 50 μA/cm.sup.2. in that type of ion source the ion beam is neutralized by an emission of electrons. In addition to the oxygen ions leaving the ion source molecular oxygen is optionally added to the vacuum chamber.

[0342] During and subsequent to the deposition of silver, the silver is urged to diffuse into layers underneath the outermost stack layer of the anti-reflection coating. Therefore, silver is not only located in the outermost stack layer forming the anti-reflection coating but also in other layers of the anti-reflection coating.

[0343] The deposition parameters are adjusted such that the anti-reflective coating has a diffusivity (D.sub.F) configured to ensure an absorption of water molecules passing through the anti-reflective coating into the spectacle lens substrate and a release of water molecules from the spectacle lens substrate through the anti-reflective coating from an air atmosphere arranged on the outer surface of the outermost stack layer. The air atmosphere having a moisture flow density (j.sub.D); the diffusivity (D.sub.F) being further configured to, starting from a first equilibrium state of the amount of water molecules absorbed in the spectacle lens substrate at an air atmosphere at 23 degrees centigrade and 50 percent relative humidity, effect a setting of a second equilibrium state of the amount of water molecules absorbed in the spectacle lens substrate at an air atmosphere at 40 degrees centigrade and 95 percent relative humidity within a first time interval; and, the first time interval being at most ten hours longer than a second time interval required for a setting of the second equilibrium state starting from the first equilibrium state in an uncoated spectacle lens substrate identical to the spectacle lens substrate. The respective guideline to adjust deposition parameters are outlined in U.S. Pat. No. 9,778,484 B2.

[0344] The deposition parameters in addition are adjusted such that silver clusters are formed in the outermost stack layer 6F/6B have a maximum expansion in the range of 5 nm to 15 nm.

[0345] The foregoing description of the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure illustrates and describes the present invention. Additionally, the disclosure shows and describes only the exemplary embodiments but, as mentioned above, it is to be understood that the disclosure is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes or modifications within the scope of the concept as expressed herein, commensurate with the above teachings and/or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art.

[0346] The term “comprising” (and its grammatical variations) as used herein is used in the inclusive sense of “having” or “including” and not in the exclusive sense of “consisting only of.” The terms “a” and “the” as used herein are understood to encompass the plural as well as the singular.

[0347] All publications, patents and patent applications cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference, and for any and all purposes, as if each individual publication, patent or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. In the case of inconsistencies, the present disclosure will prevail.