Disinfectant against <i>Legionella</i>, method for treating water, additive for bathtub water, and additive for air-conditioning cooling tower water

Abstract

Provided is a disinfectant against Legionella, including an iron salt as an active ingredient. Examples of the iron salt include ferrous salts such as iron (II) sulfate (ferrous sulfate), and ferric salts such as ammonium iron (III) sulfate (ferric ammonium sulfate). Provided is a method for treating water, including bringing target water into a state in which the target water contains an iron salt or an iron ion, thereby suppressing or inhibiting proliferation of Legionella existing in the target water. The present invention can sterilize and disinfect Legionella existing in, for example, bathtub water and air-conditioning cooling tower water, with high safety and sense of security in a simple and easy manner.

Claims

1. A method for treating water, comprising: a) bringing a non-naturally occurring target water into a state in which the non-naturally occurring target water contains an iron salt in a concentration of 0.1 mM or more, thereby suppressing or inhibiting proliferation of Legionella existing in the non-naturally occurring target water, wherein the iron salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of iron (II) sulfate, ammonium iron (II) sulfate, ammonium iron (III) sulfate, iron (III) chloride, and polyferric sulfate.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the non-naturally occurring target water is bathtub water or air-conditioning cooling tower water.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein step a) comprises keeping the state in which the non-naturally occurring target water contains the iron salt in the concentration of 0.1 mM or more for at least 30 minutes.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the iron salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of iron (II) sulfate and ammonium iron (II) sulfate.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the iron salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of ammonium iron (III) sulfate, iron (III) chloride, and polyferric sulfate.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the non-naturally occurring target water is at least one selected from the group consisting of bathtub water, air-conditioning cooling tower water, fountain water, swimming pool water, jacuzzi water, shower water, supply equipment water, humidifier water and air cleaner water.

7. A method for treating water, comprising: adding a disinfectant against Legionella to a non-naturally occurring target water, wherein the disinfectant comprises, as an active ingredient, at least one iron salt selected from the group consisting of iron (II) sulfate, ammonium iron (II) sulfate, ammonium iron (III) sulfate, iron (III) chloride, and polyferric sulfate, and bringing the non-naturally occurring target water into a state in which the non-naturally occurring target water contains the iron salt in a concentration of 0.1 mM or more, thereby suppressing or inhibiting proliferation of Legionella existing in the non-naturally occurring target water.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the iron salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of iron (II) sulfate and ammonium iron (II) sulfate.

9. The method according to claim 7, wherein the iron salt is at least one selected from the group consisting of ammonium iron (III) sulfate, iron (III) chloride, and polyferric sulfate.

10. The method according to claim 7, wherein the non-naturally occurring target water is bathtub water or air-conditioning cooling tower water.

11. The method according to claim 7, further comprising keeping the state in which the non-naturally occurring target water contains the iron salt in the concentration of 0.1 mM or more for at least 30 minutes.

12. The method according to claim 7, wherein the non-naturally occurring target water is at least one selected from the group consisting of bathtub water, air-conditioning cooling tower water, fountain water, swimming pool water, jacuzzi water, shower water, supply equipment water, humidifier water and air cleaner water.

Description

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

(1) A disinfectant against Legionella of the present invention contains an iron salt as an active ingredient. Furthermore, a method for treating water of the present invention includes bringing target water into a state in which the target water contains an iron salt or an iron ion, thereby suppressing or inhibiting proliferation of Legionella existing in the target water.

(2) The iron salt (or iron ion) to be used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as growth of Legionella can be suppressed or inhibited. For example, various ferrous salts (Fe.sup.2+, divalent iron compounds), various ferric salts (Fe.sup.3+, trivalent iron compounds) can be used. The iron salt may be a monosalt or a double salt. Furthermore, the iron salt may be hydrate or anhydride.

(3) Examples of the ferrous salt include iron (II) sulfate (ferrous sulfate), ammonium iron (II) sulfate (ferrous ammonium sulfate), and iron (II) chloride (ferrous chloride).

(4) Examples of the ferric salt include iron (III) sulfate (ferric sulfate), ammonium iron (III) sulfate (ferric ammonium sulfate), iron (III) chloride (ferric chloride), and polyferric sulfate.

(5) As to the iron salt mentioned above, only one type of iron salt may be used, or two or more iron salts may be used in combination. For example, two or more types of ferrous salts may be used in combination, or two or more types of ferric salts may be used in combination. The ferrous salt and the ferric salt may be used in combination.

(6) The content of the iron salt in the disinfectant of the present invention is not particularly limited. The disinfectant of the present invention may be composed of only iron salt. An aqueous solution of the iron salt may compose the disinfectant of the present invention.

(7) The form of the disinfectant of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, a liquid form such as an aqueous solution and a dispersion; and a solid form such as powder and granule; can be adopted. In addition, examples of other possible forms include semi-solid, paste, and gel forms.

(8) The disinfectant of the present invention may further contain components other than ion salt as long as the performance of the disinfectant is not impaired. Examples of the components other than the iron salt include other sterilizer/disinfectant, a surfactant, a buffer agent, alcohol, a carrier, a perfume, and a coloring agent.

(9) In the method for treating water of the present invention, the concentration (final concentration in the water) of an iron salt or an iron ion to be contained in the water may be appropriately set depending on types or states of the target water to be treated, types of the iron salt (or iron ion) to be contained, the retention time (contact time) after an iron salt (or iron ion) is contained, and the like. The concentration is usually 0.1 mM or more, preferably 1.0 mM or more, and more preferably 10 mM or more.

(10) In the method of the present invention, the retention time (contact time) in a state in which an iron salt (or iron ion) is contained in the water may be appropriately set depending on types or states of the target water to be treated, types of the iron salt (or iron ion) to be contained, the concentration of the iron salt (or iron ion) to be contained, and the like. The retention time (contact time) is usually 30 minutes or more, preferably one hour or more, more preferably 6 hours or more, further preferably 12 hours or more, and particularly preferably 24 hours or more. In general, the longer the contact time is, the higher the sterilization action against Legionella becomes.

(11) As long as the performance is not impaired, the method of the present invention may be carried out in combination with another method for sterilizing Legionella, or another method for suppressing or inhibiting proliferation of amoeba. For example, the method of the present invention can be carried out before or after the treatment with chlorine-based disinfectant. Furthermore, when the method of the present invention is combined with heat-treatment, the method of the present invention can be carried out before or after the heat-treatment, or along with the heat-treatment.

(12) Typical example of target water subject to treatment of the present invention is bathtub water such as circulating bathtub water. In addition, examples of the target water include air-conditioning cooling tower water, water in a fountain, a swimming pool, a jacuzzi, a shower, a hot water supply equipment, a humidifier, water in an air cleaner, and water contained in soil.

(13) When circulating bathtub water is treated, for example, a chemical solution injection port is provided in the middle of a circulation flow path. The disinfectant of the present invention may be injected from the chemical solution injection port, and then the water is circulated for a predetermined time. Injection of the disinfectant may be carried out manually, or automatically in combination with a timer. The disinfectant of the present invention can be continuously or intermittently injected to maintain the iron ion concentration at a predetermined concentration or more. In the case of the other target water such as air-conditioning cooling tower water, the similar configuration can be adopted.

(14) When water of a swimming pool is treated, for example, an iron salt itself may be input into the swimming pool, and may be maintained for a predetermined time. When water contained in soil is treated, for example, the disinfectant of the present invention may be scattered to the soil.

(15) The disinfectant against Legionella of the present invention can also be used as an additive for bathtub water. For example, when the disinfectant is added to bathtub water as a bath agent, proliferation of Legionella is suppressed or inhibited, and the feel and efficacy like that of hot spring water can be obtained. Furthermore, the disinfectant against Legionella of the present invention can be used as an additive for air-conditioning cooling tower water.

(16) Examples of Legionella subject to sterilizing of the present invention includes Legionella pneumophila, Legionella oakridgensis, Legionella drozanskii, Legionella maceachernii, Legionella londiniensis, Legionella feeleii, Legionella longbeachae, Legionella rubrilucens, Legionella micdadei, and Legionella sp.

(17) Note here that a mechanism by which the disinfectant of the present invention suppresses or inhibits proliferation of Legionella is not clarified. Herein, regarding the effect of an iron salt on proliferation of Legionella, BCYEα and GVCP agar media generally used as agar media for Legionella contain ferric pyrophosphate. Ferric pyrophosphate is added as a proliferation and development factor for Legionella, and is an essential component for proliferation in these media. This suggests that the iron salt has a positive effect on proliferation of Legionella, which is different from the effect obtained by the present invention.

(18) Furthermore, Legionella is parasitic to protozoa such as amoeba and proliferates therein. However, there are various pieces of information about the effect of iron ions on amoeba. Non-Patent Document 2 introduces a PYG medium (ATCC712) as an amoeba medium, and the medium contains ammonium iron (II) sulfate (Fe(NH.sub.4).sub.2(SO.sub.4).sub.2.Math.6H.sub.2O). The PYG medium is generally used as a medium for acanthamoeba.

(19) On the other hand, Non-Patent Document 2 mentions that excess Fe is lethal to freshwater amoeba, and that an iron ion is fatal to amoeba (see page 92 and page 104). However, no grounds such as experimental data are shown, and it is not clear in what amoeba this phenomenon occurs. Furthermore, the description is in contradiction to the fact that the above-described PYG medium (ATCC712) contains ammonium iron (II) sulfate. In addition, no other documents mention that an iron ion is lethal to amoeba. It can be said that this shows at least that iron ions are not lethal to all amoebas.

(20) Thus, each description of Non-Patent Document 2 gives no suggestion to the effect of iron ions on at least an amoeba as a host of Legionella, and an amoeba containing Legionella.

(21) The present invention includes use of an iron salt for disinfection against Legionella.

(22) In the following, the present invention will be described more specifically by way of Examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

EXAMPLE 1

(23) One liter of water tank liquid derived from bathtub water in which amoeba and Legionella coexist was collected, and dispensed into five sterile plastic containers of 200 mL each. A predetermined amount of iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO.sub.4.Math.7H.sub.2O) was added and dissolved in test water in each container, and the resultant product was incubated at 35° C. for 24 hours. The final concentration of iron (II) sulfate (final concentration of Fe.sup.2+) in each test water was as follows. Test water No. 1: 0 (no additives; control) Test water No. 2-1: 0.18 mM (10 mg of FeSO.sub.4.Math.7H.sub.2O was added) Test water No. 2-2: 0.18 mM (10 mg of FeSO.sub.4.Math.7H.sub.2O was added) Test water No. 3-1: 1.8 mM (100 mg of FeSO.sub.4.Math.7H.sub.2O was added) Test water No. 3-2: 1.8 mM (100 mg of FeSO.sub.4.Math.7H.sub.2O was added)

(24) The water after the incubation was sucked and filtrated using a sterilized funnel provided with a sterilized membrane filter (pore size: 0.2 μm). Suction was stopped immediately after finish of filtration, and then the filter was removed from the funnel with sterilized tweezers. This filter was placed in a sterilized 50-mL plastic container containing 4 mL of sterile purified water and a sterilized stirrer. The plastic container was stirred with a vortex mixer for one minute, so that Legionella on the filter was collected into purified water. The resulting solution was used as concentrated test water.

(25) Before culturing, acid treatment was carried out to suppress contaminating bacteria. Specifically, 1 mL of acid treatment liquid (0.2 M HCl.Math.KCl buffer (pH2.2)) and 1 mL of concentrated test water were mixed with each other, and the mixture was left at room temperature for about five minutes to obtain acid-treated concentrated test water. The acid-treated concentrated test water in the amount of 200 μL each was seeded into two sheets of WYOα agar media and applied uniformly using a sterilized conlarge rod and turntable. Petri dish after application was stood still in an incubator at 36° C.±1° C. On day 5, colonies presumed to be Legionella were counted.

(26) Then, the same colony presumed to be Legionella on the WYOα a agar medium was picked up and seeded on both a sheep blood agar medium (L-cysteine-free medium) and a BCYEα agar medium. Petri dish after seeding was stood still in an incubator at 36° C.±1° C. for 24 hours to carry out streak culture. After culturing, gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium, which had not grown in the sheep blood agar medium and grown only in the BCYEα agar medium, was determined as Legionella.

(27) The number of colonies of Legionella per 100 mL of the test water (CFU/100 mL) was calculated.

(28) Results are shown in Table 1. In the test water containing iron (II) sulfate, growth of Legionella was greatly suppressed. Even when the concentration of iron (II) sulfate (Fe.sup.2+ concentration) was 0.18 mM, the effect was observed by 24-hour treatment.

(29) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Concentration of iron (II) Treatment Number of Legionella Test water No. sulfate (mM) time (hr) (CFU/100 mL) 1 0 24 2.2 × 10.sup.4 2-1 0.18 24 2.4 × 10.sup.3 2-2 0.18 24 4.4 × 10.sup.3 3-1 1.8 24 9.2 × 10.sup.2 3-2 1.8 24 1.8 × 10.sup.3

EXAMPLE 2

(30) One liter of water tank liquid derived from bathtub water in which amoeba and Legionella coexist was collected, and dispensed into five sterile plastic containers of 200 mL each. A predetermined amount of iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO.sub.4.Math.7H.sub.2O) was added and dissolved in test water in each container, and the resultant product was incubated at 35° C. for 48 hours. The final concentration of ferrous sulfate (final concentration of Fe.sup.2+) in each test water was as follows. Test water No. 4: 0 (no additives; control) Test water No. 5-1: 1.8 mM (100 mg of FeSO.sub.4.Math.7H.sub.2O was added) Test water No. 5-2: 1.8 mM (100 mg of FeSO.sub.4.Math.7H.sub.2O was added) Test water No. 6-1: 18 mM (1000 mg of FeSO.sub.4.Math.7H.sub.2O was added) Test water No. 6-2: 18 mM (1000 mg of FeSO.sub.4.Math.7H.sub.2O was added)

(31) Then, the same operation as in Example 1 was carried out, and the number of colonies of Legionella per 100 mL of the test water (CFU/100 mL) was calculated.

(32) Results are shown in Table 2. In the test water containing iron (II) sulfate, growth of Legionella was greatly suppressed. In particular, when the concentration of iron (II) sulfate (Fe.sup.2+ concentration) was 18 mM, the effect was remarkable; the number of bacteria decreased by at least 3 orders of magnitude by 48 hours treatment.

(33) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Concentration of iron (II) Treatment Number of Legionella Test water No. sulfate (mM) time (hr) (CFU/100 mL) 4 0 48 4.6 × 10.sup.4 5-1 1.8 48 3.1 × 10.sup.3 5-2 1.8 48 1.2 × 10.sup.3 6-1 18 48 10 6-2 18 48 35

EXAMPLE 3

(34) One liter of water tank liquid derived from bathtub water in which amoeba and Legionella coexist was collected, and dispensed into five sterile plastic containers of 200 mL each. A predetermined amount of ammonium iron (III) sulfate dodecahydrate (FeNH.sub.4(SO.sub.4).sub.2.Math.12H.sub.2O) was added and dissolved in test water in each container, and the resultant product was incubated at 35° C. for 48 hours. The final concentration of ammonium iron (III) sulfate (final concentration of Fe.sup.3+) in each test water was as follows. Test water No. 7: 0 (no additives; control) Test water No. 8-1: 1.0 mM (100 mg of FeNH.sub.4(SO.sub.4).sub.2.Math.12H.sub.2O was added) Test water No. 8-2: 1.0 mM (100 mg of FeNH.sub.4(SO.sub.4).sub.2.Math.12H.sub.2O was added) Test water No. 9-1: 10 mM (1000 mg of FeNH.sub.4(SO.sub.4).sub.2.Math.12H.sub.2O was added) Test water No. 9-2: 10 mM (1000 mg of FeNH.sub.4(SO.sub.4).sub.2.Math.12H.sub.2O was added)

(35) Then, the same operation as in Example 1 was carried out, and the number of colonies of Legionella per 100 mL of the test water (CFU/100 mL) was calculated.

(36) Results are shown in Table 3. In the test water containing ammonium iron (III) sulfate, growth of Legionella was greatly suppressed. Even when the concentration of ammonium iron (III) sulfate (Fe.sup.3+ concentration) was 1 mM, a sufficient effect was obtained.

(37) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Concentration of ammonium iron (III) Treatment Number of Legionella Test water No. sulfate (mM) time (hr) (CFU/100 mL) 7 0 48 5.0 × 10.sup.3 8-1 1.0 48 5 8-2 1.0 48 5 9-1 10 48 0 9-2 10 48 0

EXAMPLE 4

(38) One liter of water tank liquid derived from bathtub water in which amoeba and Legionella coexist was collected, and dispensed into five sterile plastic containers of 200 mL each. A predetermined amount of ammonium iron (II) sulfate hexahydrate Fe(NH.sub.4).sub.2(SO.sub.4).sub.2.Math.6H.sub.2O was added and dissolved in test water in each container, and the resultant product was incubated at 35° C. for 48 hours. The final concentration of ammonium iron (II) sulfate (final concentration of Fe.sup.2+) in each test water was as follows. Test water No. 10: 0 (no additives; control) Test water No. 11-1: 1.3 mM (100 mg of Fe(NH.sub.4(SO.sub.4).sub.2(SO.sub.4).sub.2.Math.6H.sub.2O) was added) Test water No. 11-2: 1.3 mM (100 mg of Fe(NH.sub.4(SO.sub.4).sub.2(SO.sub.4).sub.2.Math.6H.sub.2O) was added) Test water No. 12-1: 13 mM (1000 mg of Fe(NH.sub.4(SO.sub.4).sub.2(SO.sub.4).sub.2.Math.6H.sub.2O) was added) Test water No. 12-2: 13 mM (1000 mg of Fe(NH.sub.4(SO.sub.4).sub.2(SO.sub.4).sub.2.Math.6H.sub.2O was added)

(39) Then, the same operation as in Example 1 was carried out, and the number of colonies of Legionella per 100 mL of the test water (CFU/100 mL) was calculated.

(40) Results are shown in Table 4. In the test water containing ammonium iron (II) sulfate, growth of Legionella was greatly suppressed. Even when the concentration of ammonium iron (II) sulfate (Fe.sup.2+ concentration) was 1.3 mM, a sufficient effect was obtained.

(41) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Concentration of ammonium iron (II) Treatment Number of Legionella Test water No. sulfate (mM) time (hr) (CFU/100 mL)  9 0 48 5.6 × 10.sup.3 10-1 1.3 48 60 10-2 1.3 48 1.7 × 10.sup.2 11-1 13 48 25 11-2 13 48 30

EXAMPLE 5

(42) Eight hundred milliliter (800 mL) of water tank water derived from air-conditioning cooling tower water in which amoeba and Legionella coexist was collected, and dispensed into four sterile plastic containers of 200 mL each. A predetermined amount of iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl.sub.3.Math.6H.sub.2O) was added and dissolved in test water in each container, and the resultant product was incubated at room temperature for 72 hours. The final concentration of iron (III) chloride (final concentration of Fe.sup.3+) in each test water was as follows. Test water No. 12: 0 (no additives; control) Test water No. 13-1: 0.1 mM (2.7 mg of FeCl.sub.3.Math.6H.sub.2O was added) Test water No. 13-2: 0.1 mM (2.7 mg of FeCl.sub.3.Math.6H.sub.2O was added) Test water No. 14-1: 1.0 mM (27 mg of FeCl.sub.3.Math.6H.sub.2O was added) Test water No. 14-2: 1.0 mM (27 mg of FeCl.sub.3.Math.6H.sub.2O was added) Test water No. 15-1: 10 mM (270 mg of FeCl.sub.3.Math.6H.sub.2O was added) Test water No. 15-2: 10 mM (270 mg of FeCl.sub.3.Math.6H.sub.2O was added)

(43) Then, the same operation as in Example 1 was carried out, and the number of colonies of Legionella per 100 mL of the test water (CFU/100 mL) was calculated.

(44) Results are shown in Table 5. In the test water containing iron (III) chloride, growth of Legionella was greatly suppressed. Even when the concentration of iron (III) chloride (Fe.sup.3+ concentration) was 0.1 mM, an effect was obtained by 72-hour treatment.

(45) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Concentration of iron (III) Treatment Number of Legionella Test water No. chloride (mM) time (hr) (CFU/100 mL) 12 0 72 1.1 × 10.sup.4 13-1 0.1 72 5.2 × 10.sup.3 13-2 0.1 72 4.7 × 10.sup.3 14-1 1.0 72 4.3 × 10.sup.3 14-2 1.0 72 3.9 × 10.sup.3 15-1 10 72 10 15-2 10 72 10

EXAMPLE 6

(46) Six hundred milliliter (600 mL) of water tank water derived from air-conditioning cooling tower water in which amoeba and Legionella coexist was collected, and dispensed into three plastic containers of 200 mL each. A predetermined amount of iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO.sub.4.Math.7H.sub.2O) was added and dissolved in test water in each container, and the resultant product was incubated at room temperature for 72 hours. The final concentration of iron (II) sulfate (final concentration of Fe.sup.3+) in each test water was as follows. Test water No. 16: 0 (no additives; control) Test water No. 17-1: 1.0 mM (27.8 mg of FeSO.sub.4.Math.7H.sub.2O was added) Test water No. 17-2: 1.0 mM (27.8 mg of FeSO.sub.4.Math.7H.sub.2O was added) Test water No. 18-1: 10 mM (278 mg of FeSO.sub.4.Math.7H.sub.2O was added) Test water No. 18-2: 10 mM (278 FeSO.sub.4.Math.7H.sub.2O was added)

(47) Then, the same operation as in Example 1 was carried out, and the number of colonies of Legionella per 100 mL of the test water (CFU/100 mL) was calculated.

(48) Results are shown in Table 6. In the test water containing iron (II) sulfate, growth of Legionella was greatly suppressed. Even when the concentration of iron (II) sulfate (Fe.sup.3+ concentration) was 1.0 mM, an effect was obtained by 72-hour treatment.

(49) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Concentration of iron (II) Treatment Number of Legionella Test water No. sulfate (mM) time (hr) (CFU/100 mL) 16 0 72 8.8 × 10.sup.3 17-1 1.0 72 3.2 × 10.sup.3 17-2 1.0 72 3.8 × 10.sup.3 18-1 10 72 8.9 × 10.sup.2 18-2 10 72 1.1 × 10.sup.3

EXAMPLE 7

(50) One liter of water tank water derived from air-conditioning cooling tower water in which amoeba and Legionella coexist was collected, and dispensed into five sterile plastic containers of 200 mL each. A predetermined amount of polyferric sulfate solution (general formula: [Fe.sub.2(OH).sub.n(SO.sub.4).sub.3−n/2].sub.m; whole iron: 11.2%, sulfuric acid ion: 26.4%) was added and stirred in test water in each container, and the resultant product was incubated at room temperature for 23 hours. The final concentration of iron (III) ion (final concentration of Fe.sup.3+) in each test water was as follows. Test water No. 19: 0 (no additives; control) Test water No. 20-1: diluted to 1/10000 of the stock solution (final concentration of Fe.sup.3+: about 0.0011%) Test water No. 20-2: diluted to 1/10000 of the stock solution (final concentration of Fe.sup.3+: about 0.0011%) Test water No. 21-1: diluted to 1/1000 of the stock solution (final concentration of Fe.sup.3+: about 0.0011%) Test water No. 21-2: diluted to 1/1000 of the stock solution (final concentration of Fe.sup.3+: about 0.011%) Test water No. 22-1: diluted to 1/100 of the stock solution (final concentration of Fe.sup.3+: about 0.11%) Test water No. 22-2: diluted to 1/100 of the stock solution (final concentration of Fe.sup.3+: about 0.11%) Test water No. 23-1: diluted to 1/10 of the stock solution (final concentration of Fe.sup.3+: about 1.1%) Test water No. 23-2: diluted to 1/10 of the stock solution (final concentration of Fe.sup.3+: about 1.1%)

(51) Then, the same operation as in Example 1 was carried out, and the number of colonies of Legionella per 100 mL of the test water (CFU/100 mL) was calculated.

(52) Results are shown in Table 7. In the test water containing iron (III) ion, growth of Legionella was greatly suppressed. Even when the concentration of iron (III) ion (Fe.sup.3+ concentration) was about 0.0011%, an effect was obtained by 23-hour treatment.

(53) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Fe.sup.3+ concentration Treatment Number of Legionella Test water No. (%) time (hr) (CFU/100 mL) 19 0 23 6.5 × 10.sup.3 20-1 0.0011 23 2.9 × 10.sup.3 20-2 0.0011 23 3.7 × 10.sup.3 21-1 0.011 23 1.2 × 10.sup.3 21-2 0.011 23 1.3 × 10.sup.3 22-1 0.11 23 40 22-2 0.11 23 30 23-1 1.1 23  0 23-2 1.1 23 10